2.6 The Internet Address2022TERKINI

Topic 2
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY
2.6 The Internet Address
1
Learning Outcome
At the end of this topic, students should be able to:
• Describe the purpose of an Internet Protocol (IP) address

• Identify basic structure of IPv4 and IPv6 address
• Explain the reason IPv6 is used instead of IPv4.
• Explain the relationship between IP address and domain
name.
2
Recap : What is Network?
 A network is a collection of computers

and devices connected together via
communications devices and
transmission media.
3
Recap : Definition of Internet
The Internet is a worldwide collection

of networks that connects millions of
businesses, government agencies,
educational institutions, and
individuals.
4
Introduction
The Internet relies on an addressing system
much like the postal service to send data and
information to a computer at a specific
destination.
5
Internet Address
 What is an IP Address?
An IP address (Internet Protocol address) is a
sequence of numbers that uniquely identifies the
location of each computer or device connected to
the Internet.
6
Purpose of an IP Address
 What is the purpose of an IP Address?
• Used to uniquely identify the location of
each computer or device / node
connected to the Internet which it used
to send data and information.
7
Version of IP Address
Currently, 2 versions of IP addresses exist:
IPv4 (Internet Protocol Version 4)

 uses 32-bit addresses, so allows for 232 possible unique addresses.
 That represents a total of 4.2 billion possible IP addresses
 a new version of IP, uses 128-bit addresses so allows for 2128
possible unique addresses.
 That represents more than 340 undecillion (340 x 1036) possible
addresses 8
 What does an IPv4 Address consist of?
• IPv4 address consists of four groups of numbers, each separated

by a period. The number in each group is between 0 and 255.
• IPv4 uses a 32-bit numbers, writtenin dotted decimal notation.

Each 4 bytes is written in decimal format between 0 to 255.
9
 How does an IPv4 Address look like?

• A typical IPv4 address looks like this:
216.27.61.137
• In general, the first portion of each IP address identifies the network
and the last portion identifies the specific Computer / device.
216.27.61.1
The first portion (Network) The last portion(Node)
10
How does an IP Address look like in binary form?

(*Remember, computers only communicate in binary form)
11
Why do we need IPv6?
•As the number of users and devices being connected to the Internet
increased, more addresses are required which eventually will not be
able to accommodated by IPv4. [232-Allows for about 4.2 billion IP
addresses]
•IPv6 has been developed to rectify the problem since the lengthened
address, can accommodate more IP addresses.
•[2128 -Allows for about 3.4 x 1038 IP addresses].
12
• What does an IPv6 Address consist of?
The IPv6 address consists of 8 groups of hexadecimal
characters, each separated by colons (:) The
character in each group is between 0 and 9 or
between A-F.
13
 IPv6 (Internet Protocol Version 6)
Has three parts: a global prefix to identify the network, a subnet to
identify the location within the network, and the interface ID to identify
the specific computer or host.
14
How does an IP Address look like in binary form?
(*Remember, computers only communicate in binary form)
15
Comparison between IPv4 & IPv6
IPv4 (Internet Protocol Version 4) IPv6 (Internet Protocol Version 6)
uses 32-bit addresses uses 128-bit addresses
allows for 232 possible unique addresses. allows for 2128 possible unique addresses.
represents a total of 4.2 billion possible represents more than 340 undecillionth (340
IP addresses x 1036) possible addresses
consists of four groups of numbers, each consists of 8 groups of four hexadecimal

separated by a period (each group is digit (0-9 or A-F), each separated by colons
between 0 and 255) (:)
example : 216.27.61.137 example :
16
Domain Name
 What is a Domain Name?
• A domain name is the text version of an IP address.
• As with an IP address, the components of a domain name are
separated by periods.
IPv4 address 72.14.207.99

IPv6 address 2001:4860:4860:8844
Domain name www.google.com
top-level domain
The IPv4 & IPv6 address along with the domain name for Google’s Web site.
17
Domain Name
• Every domain name contains a top-level domain (TLD), which
is the last section of the domain name.
• A generic TLD (gTLD), identifies the type of organization
associated with the domain.
• In the domain name www.google.com, the top-level domain

is .com
19
Domain Name Server
• Where do Domain Name comes from?
• The domain name system (DNS) is the method that the
Internet uses to store domain names and their
corresponding IP addresses.
• When you specify a domain name, a DNS server translates
the domain name to its associated IP address so that data
and information can be routed to the correct computer.
• A DNS server is an Internet server that usually is associated
with an Internet service provider.
20
Domain Name Examples : Examples of Generic Top-Level Domains
Generic TLD Intended Purpose
aero Aviation community members
biz Businesses of all sizes
cat Catalan cultural community
com Commercial organizations, businesses, and companies
coop Business cooperatives such as credit unions and rural electric co-ops
edu Educational institutions
gov Government agencies
info Business organizations or individuals providing general information
jobs Employment or human resource businesses
mil Military organizations
mobi Delivery and management of mobile Internet services
museum Accredited museums
name Individuals or families
21
net Network providers or commercial companies
org Nonprofit organizations
Checklist- The Internet Address
Checklist question
What is an IP Address?
What is the purpose of an IP Address?
List the 2 versions of IP Address.
What does an IPv4 Address consist of ?
Give an example of IPv4 Address.
What is the significant of the first portion of an IPv4 Address?
What is the significant of the last portion of an IPv4 Address?
Why we need IPv6?
What does an IPv6 Address consist of ?
Give an example of IPv6 Address.
What are the differences between IPv4 and IPv6?
What is the text version of an IP Address?
What is domain name?
What is domain name system (DNS)? 22

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Topic 2

• Describe the purpose of an Internet Protocol (IP) address

 A network is a collection of computers

The Internet is a worldwide collection

IPv4 (Internet Protocol Version 4)

• IPv4 address consists of four groups of numbers, each separated

• IPv4 uses a 32-bit numbers, writtenin dotted decimal notation.

 How does an IPv4 Address look like?

How does an IP Address look like in binary form?

consists of four groups of numbers, each consists of 8 groups of four hexadecimal

IPv4 address 72.14.207.99

• In the domain name www.google.com, the top-level domain

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