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    Antibiotic

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    Amarnath Sah
    Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics derived from the fungus Cephalosporium. They have a similar mechanism of action and structure to penicillin. Cephalosporins are classified into generations based on their spectrum of activity, with later generations having broader coverage of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Common adverse effects include hypersensitivity reactions, gastrointestinal issues, and nephrotoxicity. First to third generation cephalosporins are used to treat respiratory, urinary, and soft tissue infections as well as meningitis, while fourth generation drugs treat more resistant hospital-acquired infections.

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    Antibiotic

    Uploaded by

    Amarnath Sah
    27 views11 pages
    Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics derived from the fungus Cephalosporium. They have a similar mechanism of action and structure to penicillin. Cephalosporins are classified into generations based on their spectrum of activity, with later generations having broader coverage of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Common adverse effects include hypersensitivity reactions, gastrointestinal issues, and nephrotoxicity. First to third generation cephalosporins are used to treat respiratory, urinary, and soft tissue infections as well as meningitis, while fourth generation drugs treat more resistant hospital-acquired infections.

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    Antibiotic Cephalosporins

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    antibiotic

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    Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics derived from the fungus Cephalosporium. They have a similar mechanism of action and structure to penicillin. Cephalosporins are classified into generations based on their spectrum of activity, with later generations having broader coverage of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Common adverse effects include hypersensitivity reactions, gastrointestinal issues, and nephrotoxicity. First to third generation cephalosporins are used to treat respiratory, urinary, and soft tissue infections as well as meningitis, while fourth generation drugs treat more resistant hospital-acquired infections.

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    27 views11 pages

    Antibiotic

    Uploaded by

    Amarnath Sah
    Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics derived from the fungus Cephalosporium. They have a similar mechanism of action and structure to penicillin. Cephalosporins are classified into generations based on their spectrum of activity, with later generations having broader coverage of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Common adverse effects include hypersensitivity reactions, gastrointestinal issues, and nephrotoxicity. First to third generation cephalosporins are used to treat respiratory, urinary, and soft tissue infections as well as meningitis, while fourth generation drugs treat more resistant hospital-acquired infections.

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    of 11

    antibiotics

    (Part II)
     Cephalosporin is obtained from
    filamentous fungus, Cephalosporium
    acremonium.
     They are beta lactum antibiotics,
    Cephalosporin structurally closed to penicillin.
     MoA is same as pencillin
     Cephalopsporin is classified as 1st, 2nd,
    3rd, 4th and 5th generation
    Classification of
    cephalosporin
     Hypersensitivity: skin rashes, urticarial
    and rarely anaphylaxis
     Gastrointestinal distrubances; diarrhoea,
    vomting and anorexia
    Adverse effects
     Nephrotoxicity
     Disulphiram like reaction
     Pain after i.m. injection
     RTI,UTI and soft tissue infection by gram
    negative organism (cefuroxime,
    ceftriaxone, cefotaxime)
     Penicillinase producing staph. Infection
     Surgical prophylaxis (1st generation)
     Meningitis (cefotaxime, ceftriaxome)
    Uses
     Gonorrhoea (ceftriaxone, drugs of
    choice)
     Typhoid (ceftriaxone, cefperazone)
     Hospital acquired infections (cefotaxime
    or 4th generation)
     Orally effective 1st generation
    cephalosporin
     One of the most commonly used
    cephalosporin
    Uses
    cephalexin
     RTI, UTI, skin and soft tissue infection,
    ENT infection
    Dose
     250 mg 6-8 hourly
     2nd generation cephalosporin
     Orally active drug, almost identical to
    cephalexin but less active against some
    organisms.
    Cefaclor Uses
     RTI, UTI, soft tissue infection, otitis media
    Dose
     250mg, 6-12 hourly
     3rd generation cephalosporin
     Potent against gram negative as well as
    Cefotaxime some gram positive organism.
     Promient action for meningitis.
    1. Sensitive gram positive and gram
    negative bacterial infection
    2. Meningitis
    Uses 3. UTI
    and 4. Surgical prophylaxis
    dose
    2gm i.m/i.v, 8-12 hourly
    Child dose: 50 -100mg/kg/day
     2nd generation
     Highly active against ampicillin resistant
    H. influenza, gram positive cocci and
    certain anaerobes.

    Cefuroxime
    Uses
     Meningitis
     Bone and joint infection
     RTI, UTI
     0.75 – 1.5gm i.m. or i.v 8 hourly
    Dose  Child dose: 30 – 100 mg/kg/day

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