Test Bank For Seeing Sociology An Introduction 2nd Edition Ferrante

CHAPTER 1: THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
Test Bank for Seeing Sociology An Introduction,

2nd Edition : Ferrante
full chapter at: https://testbankbell.com/product/test-bank-for-seeing-
sociology-an-introduction-2nd-edition-ferrante/
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Sociology is the scientific study of

a. human activity in society. c. mental processes.
b. people. d. multiple personalities.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 4 OBJ: comprehensive
TOP: Mod 1.1 NOT: Pickup
2. The distinctiveness of the sociological perspective lies with its focus on

a. suicide. c. social forces.
b. the individual. d. troubles.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 4 OBJ: comprehensive
3. Searching for employment, securing food, adorning the body, and consuming products are examples of
a. social dynamics c. human activities
b. social statics d. solidarity
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 4 OBJ: applied
4. _________ is the scientific study of human beings in society.

a. History c. Sociology
b. Psychiatry d. Political science
TOP: Mod 1.1 NOT: New
5. Social forces are influences, pressures, and forces created by human beings that affect the thoughts,
behaviors, and interactions of other humans. One example of a social force is the ________.
a. changing climate c. seasonal cycle
b. mobile phone d. evolution of species
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 5 OBJ: comprehensive
6. Sociologists would be interested in how biologically related people can be classified as different races
in the United States. In particular they would least likely ask
a. who has the power to put such a practice in place?
b. why do people have to make such a big deal out of race?
c. what effect might this practice have on race relations in general?
d. how did this practice come to be?
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 5 OBJ: applied
7. A person living in Germany is more likely to conserve water while showering that a person living in
the United States? Sociologists would be most likely to ask
a. is Germany a poor society because it has to worry about water?
b. why would anyone want to live in a society that conserves water?
c. what does this difference suggest about U.S. and Germany societies?
d. who cares if the United States wastes water?
8. Germans are more likely than Americans to turn their shower water off while lathering and
washing their hair. Sociologists would be least likely to ask the following:
a. What does this difference suggest about German and American societies?
b. What social forces explain an “individual decision” to behave this way?
c. Why conserve any natural resources?
d. What meanings do Germany and American assign to natural resources?
9. Sociology offers insights about the many ways human activity can be organized. These insights are
especially useful today because they
a. ultimately help us understand cognitive processes.
b. allow us to see that ways of doing things can be changed.
c. alert us to the dangers associated with change.
d. encourage people to not change.
10. The sociological imagination is a quality of mind that allows us to understand:

a. the theory and origins of the universe. c. the effect of industrialization on
warfare .
b. how our society shapes our individual d. the triumph of initiative over
lives. circumstances.
11. The difference between troubles and issues is:

a. one is male, the other female. c. troubles are largely economic in
nature, while issues are emotional
baggage.
b. troubles are perceived as individual d. smart people cannot avoid trouble but
faults, while issues are understood to they can avoid having issues.
be social failings.
12. Emile Durkheim defined suicide as:

a. a response to personal unhappiness. c. a failure of communication.
b. the inevitable result of aging. d. a severing of relationships.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 9 OBJ: conceptual
13. The sociological imagination includes the ability to

a. see the connection between self and personal shortcomings.
b. distinguish between types of suicide.
c. make change by starting with the person.
d. distinguish between personal troubles and social issues.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 9 OBJ: comprehensive
14. Which one of the following is not a characteristic of an issue?

a. An issue is a societal matter.
b. An issue involves understanding larger social forces.
c. The cause of an issue is deeply personal.
d. Issues transcend the life of any one individual.
15. Emile Durkheim identified four types of relationships that bind each of us to others:
a. egotistic, altruistic, anomic, and c. personal, corporate, nonprofit, and
fatalistic. profiteering.
b. egotistical, idealistic, selfish, and d. optimistic, pessimistic, selfish, and
selfless. altruistic.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 11 OBJ: conceptual
16. Unemployment is ______________ when it involves 24 million people in a nation of 156 million
workers.
a. an issue c. a private matter
b. a trouble d. a social fact
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 9 OBJ: applied
17. When only 10 people are unemployed in a country with a workforce of 50 million employees, that
situation is likely
a. an issue. c. a social fact.
b. a trouble. d. a social force.
18. The resolution of an issue involves

a. addressing the underlying social forces that created it.
b. focusing on individual shortcomings.
c. increasing people’s motivation.
d. changing human nature.
19. After the mortgage crisis began in 2008, when Damon saw a foreclosure sign on a home, he blamed
irresponsible homeowners. Demon was thinking in terms of
b. a trouble. d. free will.
20. As Jen walked through a neighborhood of abandoned homes she wondered whether the homes once
belonged to those who worked at a factory that was shut down. Jen was thinking in terms of
b. a trouble. d. free will.
21. Women are more likely than men:

a. to commit suicide. c. to own and use guns.
b. to be distant from others. d. to attempt suicide.
22. From a sociological perspective, suicide is

a. an act of intentionally killing one’s self.
b. the result of personal disappointment and sorrow.
c. self-hatred actualized.
d. the severing of relationships.
23. The term _______________ describes a state in which ties attaching individuals to others in the
society are weak.
a. egoistic c. anomic
b. altruistic d. fatalistic
24. When people commit ____________ suicide, it is on behalf of the group they love more than
themselves.
25. During World War II, Japanese pilots committed suicide by flying small planes they were piloting into
enemy targets. This suicide would qualify as
a. egoistic. c. anomic.
b. altruistic. d. fatalistic.
26. Men have a higher suicide rate than women but women attempt suicide about three times more often
than men. Sociologists maintain that the different suicide and suicide-attempt rates reflect all but
which one of the following?
a. the pressures placed on men to succeed at suicide.
b. men’s greater access to guns and knowledge about how to use them.
c. the most common method of suicide for women is poisoning with drugs, a method that is
more likely to fail.
d. men use suicide as the ultimate cry for help
27. When suicide is a response to being cast into a higher status, it is considered
28. ______________ suicide occurs when people kill themselves because they have been cast into a lower
status.
a. Egoistic c. Anomic
b. Altruistic d. Fatalistic
29. ______________ suicide occurs when individuals kill themselves because they see their futures as
hopelessly blocked.
a. Egoistic c. Anomic
b. Altruistic d. Fatalistic
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 12 OBJ: applied
30. When people are cast into a lower status, they must reduce their requirements, restrain their needs, and
practice self-control. This situation characterizes _______ suicide.
31. Mechanization replaced human and animal physical labor with

a. the wheel. c. machines powered by a variety of
fossil fuels.
b. nuclear power. d. solar power.
32. The defining feature of the Industrial Revolution was
a. craftsmanship. c. manual labor.
b. solidarity. d. mechanization.
33. The Industrial revolution transformed the nature of work in which one of the following ways?
a. Human effort (muscle) required to make products decreased dramatically.
b. People now could say, “I made this; this is a unique product of my labor.”
c. Products were hand crafted.
d. Worker control over the production process increased dramatically.
34. Mechanization moved most production into factories from

a. home and neighborhood production. c. rural areas.
b. overseas. d. highly specialized guilds of master
craftsmen.
35. Sociology grew out of an attempt to understand the effects of

a. the Napoleonic Wars.
b. the Enlightenment.
c. World War I
d. the Industrial Revolution.
36. The Industrial Revolution did not require

a. the assembly line. c. highly skilled labor.
b. raw materials imported all over the d. cheap labor.
world.
37. Sociology as a field of study emerged out of which of the following events?
a. the Vietnam Era c. World War I and World War II
b. September 11, 2001 d. Industrial Revolution
38. Sociology was given its name by

a. Jane Addams c. Emile Durkheim
b. Karl Marx d. August Comte
39. Which one of the following is considered one of the “big three” classical sociologists?
a. Émile Durkheim c. Auguste Comte
b. W.E.B. Dubois d. Jane Addams
40. Which one of the following theorists gave sociology its name?
a. Auguste Comte c. Max Weber
b. Émile Durkheim d. Karl Marx
41. The Communist Manifesto was written by

a. W.E.B. DuBois. c. Émile Durkheim.
b. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles. d. Max Weber.
42. According to Karl Marx, the nature of class conflict is shaped directly and profoundly by
a. social facts. c. means of production.
b. solidarity. d. the sociological imagination.
43. Land, tools, equipment, factories, modes of transportation, and labor are
a. owned by the proletariat. c. essential to providing services.
b. part of the means of production. d. owned by the intellectual classes.
44. Since 1878, when it was founded, the town of Eureka, Nevada’s identity has centered on its mines.
Which sociologist and concept applies to this statement?
a. Jane Addams’ concept of sympathetic understanding
b. Max Weber’s concept of social action.
c. Auguste Comte’s concept of social statics
d. W.E.B. DuBois’ concept of double consciousness
45. With industrialization the rise of two distinct classes emerged. The class that owns the means of
production is called
a. a proletariat. c. a socialist.
b. the bourgeoisie. d. a communist.
46. Marx described the pursuit of profit which drives capitalism as
a. a boundless thirst – a werewolf-like hunger-for profit.
b. the key to economic progress.
c. driven by human needs.
d. a great moral force..
47. Marx did not consider which of the following to be important:

a. conflict, specifically class conflict. c. the desire of the bourgeoisie to employ
low-cost workers.
b. the relationship each class has to the d. the internal combustion engine.
means of production, whether land or
capital.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 17-18 OBJ: comprehensive
48. When people’s way of life—the clothes they wear, the food they eat, the house they live in—depends
on the labor of strangers we can assume the ties that bind them to others are
a. organic c. weak
b. mechanical d. strong
49. Max Weber emphasized the Industrial Revolution and its effect on social action, or the
a. the means of production.
b. forces that motivate others to act.
c. ties that bind individuals to one another.
d. the color line.
50. If Gretchen pursues a college degree because everyone in her family going back five generations is
college-educated, that social action is
a. traditional. c. value-rational.
b. affectional. d. instrumental-rational.
51. If someone pursues a college degree for the love and pleasure of learning, the action is driven by
a. tradition. c. a certain morality
b. emotion. d. profit.
52. Which one of the following words applies to value-rational action?

a. compromise c. addictive
b. cost-cutting d. code of conduct
53. ____________ action can be equated with the behavior of addicts who feed their addictions by any
means necessary.
a. Traditional c. Value-rational
b. Affectional d. Instrumental-rational
54. Max Weber believed that there is an inevitable self-destructive quality to ____________ action.
a. traditional c. value-rational
b. affectional d. instrumental-rational
55. Weber believed that _________________ social action could lead to disenchantment.
b. affectional d. instrumental rational
56. Disenchantment is characterized by a spiritual

a. renewal. c. void or crisis
b. encounter. d. awakening.
57. The manner in which baby chicks are raised on factory farms (crowded conditions never seeing the
light of day) represents social action that is
b. affectional d. instrumental rational
58. To which concept does the following statement apply: We have reached a point where “profit
outweighs any moral responsibility to treat animals with kindness to the point that we no longer
recognize the animals in a factory farm as living creatures capable of feeling pain and fear”?
a. disenchantment c. double consciousness
b. traditional action d. sympathetic understanding
59. _______ argued that the color line originated with the colonial expansion that accompanied the
Industrial Revolution.
a. Max Weber c. W.E.B. DuBois
b. Jane Addams d. August Comte
60. Jane Addams founded Hull House, a settlement house for

a. the poor and other marginalized c. skilled craftsmen
populations.
b. the bourgeoisie d. industrialists.
61. DuBois wrote that the world was able “to endure this horrible tragedy by deliberately stopping its ears
and changing the subject in conversation.” The tragedy was
a. the scramble for Africa’s resources, including the slave trade.
b. double consciousness.
c. the mechanization, which left people without jobs.
d. the carnage of World War II.
62. Which one of the following sociologists is credited with founding Hull House?
a. Karl Marx c. Jane Addams
b. Emile Durkheim d. W.E.B. DuBois
63. Jane Addams maintained that Hull House

a. was overall a failed experiment in social engineering.
b. could not address the needs of the working poor.
c. analogous to a prison.
d. the equivalent of an applied university.
64. ______________ is first-hand knowledge gained by living and working among those being studied.
a. Solidarity c. Social research
b. Sympathetic knowledge d. Double consciousness
65. Which one of the following sociologists would be most interested in the Salvation Army, an
organization dedicated to meeting the community needs?
a. Jane Addams c. W.E.B. Dubois
b. Karl Marx d. Max Weber
66. According to functionalists, poverty exists because

a. the poor lack skills to do better.
b. it contributes in some way to the stability of the overall society.
c. the poor lack the drive to do better.
d. some body has to be on the bottom.
67. A _________ is the contribution a part makes to the stability of an existing social order.
a. dysfunction c. symbol
b. façade of legitimacy d. function
68. The ____________ perspective uses the human body as an analogy for how society operates.
a. conflict c. functionalist
b. symbolic interactionist d. action
69. _____ means anticipated or intended.

a. Latent c. Function
b. Manifest d. Dysfunction
70. The early functionalists used the metaphor of__________ to illustrate society as a system of
interrelated parts.
a. changing seasons c. a machine
b. a software application d. the human body
71. One anticipated effect of the mobile phone is that it offers people a tool for communicating with others
independent of location. The effect is
a. a manifest function. c. a manifest dysfunction.
b. a latent function. d. a latent dysfunction.
72. Few people anticipated that the mobile phone would become a personal multimedia tool connecting
people to information and resources 24/7. That unintended effect qualifies as a
a. manifest function. c. manifest dysfunction.
b. latent function. d. latent dysfunction.
73. _______ are consequences disruptive to the system or to some segment of society.
a. Functions c. Facades of legitimacy
b. Dysfunctions d. Symbols
74. Conflict theorists are inspired by

a. Max Weber. c. Karl Marx.
b. Emile Durkheim. d. Charles Wright Mills.
75. Which one of the following questions applies to the conflict perspective?
a. How is social order possible?
b. How do meanings change over time?
c. How does a part contribute to societal stability?
d. Who benefits from a particular social arrangement and at whose expense?
76. Which one of the following statements represents a criticism of the functionalist perspective?
a. It is too liberal.
b. It focuses on the “small stuff.”
c. It leaves us wondering about a part’s overall effect.
d. It focuses on the disadvantaged in society.
77. One strength of the ___________________ perspective is that it offers a balanced view of a part’s
intended and unintended consequences.
a. functionalist c. symbolic interaction
b. conflict d. sociological
78. An unanticipated effect of the mobile phone is related to the toxic waste generated from improper
disposal. This effect is a
79. An expected effect or _____________of the mobile phone is that many people text while driving a car.
80. In studying the mobile phone conflict theorists are most likely to emphasize which one of the
following?
a. The mobile phone as an empowering force.
b. The millions of people who use them around the world.
c. The symbolic meanings attached to mobile phones.
d. Those groups advantaged and disadvantaged by the mobile phone.
81. With regard to mobile phones, which would be counted among those disadvantaged by them?
a. those addicted to them.
b. the manufacturers
c. service providers
d. Motorola, Nokia, Apple and others who determine schedule for upgrades.
82. Which one of the following key words is associated with the conflict perspective?
a. symbol c. order
b. ideologies d. stability
83. Which one of the perspectives is most likely to ask how do people take account of what another is
doing?
a. functionalist c. symbolic interactionist
b. conflict d. action
84. _____ involve(s) encounters in which people communicate, interpret, and respond to each other’s
words and actions.
a. Symbols c. Observations
b. Social interaction d. Functions
85. The weakness of the _______ perspective is that it tends to portray the disadvantaged as victims
incapable of changing their situation.
86. When studying mobile phones, the _________ perspective is most likely to emphasize the meanings
assigned to mobile phones use.
87. Which perspective focuses on negotiated order?

a. functionalism c. symbolic interaction
b. conflict theory d. action theorists
88. _________________ is any kind of object or idea to which people assign a name, meaning, or value.
a. A value c. A symbol
b. A preconception d. An observation
89. The strength of the symbolic interactionist perspective is that it

a. views people as active agents rather than passive participants.
b. offers a balanced view of a part’s anticipated and unanticipated effects on the existing
order.
c. forces us to consider how advantaged groups benefit from the way human activity is
organized.
d. focuses attention on disadvantaged groups in society.
90. Sociological research is guided by

a. methods unique to the discipline. c. emotion and personal interest.
b. a passion to change society. d. the scientific method.
91. In theory, the first step in undertaking a sociological research project is

a. consulting existing research.
b. collecting data.
c. determining the topic or research question.
d. analyzing the data.
92. The plan for deciding who or what to study and for gathering data is known as the
a. scientific method. c. research design.
b. hypothesis. d. hidden curriculum.
93. A variable is __________ when the research gives concrete and specific instructions for observing or
measuring it.
a. operationalized c. analyzed
b. standardized d. spurious
94. In a research study, the variable that helps to explain and predict the behavior of interest is the _____
variable.
a. independent c. control
b. dependent d. spurious
95. In research, the variable to be explained or predicted is known as the

a. dependent variable. c. hypothesis.
b. independent variable. d. control variable.
96. A dependent variable is

a. the variable of cause.
b. a trial idea.
c. the variable to be explained.
d. less important than the independent variable.
97. A trial explanation predicting a relationship between independent and dependent variables is
a. an hypothesis. c. a fact.
b. a theory. d. an observation.
98. Roksa and Levey’s measure of occupational specificity is the percentage of graduates in a particular
field who obtain a job related to their field of study. The researchers failed to specify what percentage
distinguishes a specific college major as high, moderate or low in occupational specificity. This
failure is related to
a. sampling. c. reliability.
b. validity. d. correlations.
99. Roksa and Levey measured occupational status as the percentage of job holders in a specific
occupation who have completed at least some college. The means that as little as one credit hour of
college could figure into the measure of occupational status. This critique relates to issues of
a. sampling. c. reliability.
b. validity. d. correlations.
100. A professor tells a class that exams will cover information from class lectures, class discussion, and
reading assignments. However, the exam includes questions related to only reading assignments.
Students complain because the exam is not
a. reliable. c. reliable or valid.
b. valid. d. scientific.
101. In Roksa and Levey’s study of college graduates’ transition into the labor market “occupational
specificity of college major” was a key ______ variable.
a. independent c. control.
b. dependent d. intervening
102. In their study of college graduates transition into the labor market, Roska and Levey’s treated
“occupational status” as a key ______ variable.
103. In an unstructured interview, the question-answer sequence is

a. forced-choice. c. rigid and cannot be altered.
b. set in advance. d. flexible and open-ended.
104. A control variable is

a. the variable of cause.
b. a trial idea.
c. that is held constant
d. less important than the independent variable.
105. In their study of college graduates’ transition into the labor market “sex/gender” was used as a ______
variable.
106. “The greater the occupational specificity of a major the higher the occupational status of the first job
obtained after graduation.” This statement is
a. an example of the scientific method
b. a social fact.
c. a current of opinion.
d. an hypothesis
107. ______________ is a data-gathering strategy where participants are less likely to feel pressured to give
socially acceptable responses. This method is
a. Structured interviews. c. Participant observation.
b. Unstructured interviews. d. Self-administered survey.
108. In a structured interview, the question-answer sequence
a. is largely spontaneous. c. is set in advance.
b. resembles a conversation. d. can be altered.
109. __________________ is especially useful for studying behavior as it happens.

a. A self-administered questionnaire
b. Secondary data analysis
c. An interview
d. Observation
110. In their study of college graduates’ transition into the labor market, Roska and Levey used which one
of the following data-gathering strategies?
a. unstructured interviews c. experimental design
b. participant observation. d. secondary sources.
111. One of the primary reasons researchers conceal their identity from those they are studying is to
eliminate
a. legal problems. c. the Hawthorne effect.
b. the need for confidentiality. d. ethical considerations.
112. If researchers directly interact and become involved with the people they are researching, the method
they are using is
a. participant observation. c. a case study.
b. nonparticipant observation. d. secondary analysis.
113. An unintended effect resulting from the attention one receives from being the subject of the research is
the
a. Hawthorne effect. c. special subject effect.
b. latent effect. d. experimental effect.
114. Case studies are characterized by all but which one of the following?
a. in-depth descriptions
b. story-telling quality
c. analysis specific to a person, event or group
d. experimentation
115. Sociology offers a perspective that
a. gives us hard and fast categories to classify people.
b. allows us to understand the human personality.
c. allows us to see our world in new ways.
d. allows us to view social forces as deterministic.
116. The best students of sociology

a. are not all that curious about what goes on behind closed doors.
b. never wonder about what goes on in distant places.
c. feel confident that the U.S. offers the best environment to live.
d. have the urge to leave their comfort zone.
117. A person is in __________ when they do not have to think about how to respond on what to do next.
a. a total institution c. their comfort zone
b. a secondary group d. a virtual reality
118. On her travels to Thailand, Chris Caldeira learned that the Thai language orders the object in relation
to the subject first (i.e. that book, I read.) Learning this helped Chris to understand that
a. the Thai language makes people think backwards.
b. there are different ways to order the world and one’s thoughts.
c. Thailand is not an advanced country because the language incorrectly orders the world.
d. things make no sense outside the U.S.
119. While in Thailand, Chris Caldeira thought a rack of clothes along a walkway was part of a yard sale
and she responded as such. This experience was a lesson in
a. social construction of reality. c. selective perception.
b. differential association. d. attribution theory.
120. Sociologist Katarzyna Celinska’s research revealed that gun owners tend to place a high value on
a. self-reliance. c. the larger community.
b. the group. d. education.
121. The preferred sport of college students from rural America is likely
a. soccer. c. rodeo.
b. football. d. basketball.
122. The research of sociologist ___________ offered Chris Caldeira a framework into which to place the
largely abandoned neighborhoods of Detroit.
a. Arlie Hochschild c. Erving Goffman
b. William Julius Wilson d. George H. Mead
123. A study researching the effects of technology on family closeness found that 25% of people felt their
family is closer because of technology, like cell phones. In this study, “family closeness” would be
a(n)
a. independent variable. c. control variable.
b. dependent variable. d. intervening variable.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: video
124. A study researching the effects of technology on family closeness found that families gather around
the computer together, much like families used to gather around board games. Functionalists would
call this unintended effect of technology on family closeness a(n)
a. manifest function. c. latent function.
b. manifest dysfunction. d. latent dysfunction.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: video
TRUE/FALSE
1. Sociology is the study of people.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 4 TOP: Mod 1.1

NOT: Pickup
2. Sociologists focus on social forces that shape the way human relationships and activities are organized.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 4 TOP: Mod 1.1

NOT: New
3. Functionalists ask, How do societies maintain their existing social order?

NOT: New
4. A latent dysfunction is a predictable and predicted disruption to the social order.

NOT: New
5. There is usually only one way to organize a human activity.

NOT: New
6. Those who possess a sociological imagination see connections between social forces of time and place
and personal biography.

NOT: New
7. Social forces shape even our most personal of experiences.

NOT: Pickup
8. Troubles are the result of personal shortcomings.

NOT: Pickup
9. Issues are societal matters that can only be explained by larger social forces.

NOT: Pickup
10. If you attribute the mortgage crisis beginning in 2008 to lending practices that lured unqualified
borrowers to buy homes then you see this crisis as a trouble.

NOT: Pickup
11. If you attribute the mortgage crisis primarily to decisions made by irresponsible homeowners you see
the crisis as a trouble.

NOT: Pickup
12. Karl Marx was interested in suicide rates.

NOT: Pickup
13. In analyzing suicide rates, Durkheim emphasized the emotional state of the victim.

NOT: Pickup
14. Durkheim studied the specific circumstances that lead people to kill themselves.

NOT: New
15. Men attempt suicide more often than women.

NOT: Pickup
16. Egoistic suicide stems from weak ties attaching the individual to the group.
NOT: Pickup
17. The classic example of anomic suicide involves soldiers willing to put their life on the line for their
unit.

NOT: Pickup
18. The defining feature of industrialization was mechanization.

NOT: Pickup
19. The Industrial Revolution effects changed the way even bread was produced.

NOT: New
20. Sociology emerged as an effort to explain the effects of the Industrial Revolution on society.

NOT: Pickup
21. The Industrial Revolution changed everything.

NOT: New
22. The division of labor associated with Industrial Revolution connected workers who did not know each
other.

NOT: New
23. Karl Marx is considered one of the “big three.”

NOT: New
24. Jane Addams is considered one of the “big three.”

NOT: New
25. Émile Durkheim invented the term sociology.

NOT: Pickup
26. Social dynamics include the forces that hold society together.

NOT: New
27. Positivism holds that valid knowledge about the world can be obtained using the scientific method.

NOT: New
28. For Marx, the drive for profit underlying capitalism is a boundless thirst.

NOT: New
29. Industrial societies are characterized by mechanical solidarity.

NOT: New
30. Durkheim observed that industrialization fueled a new kind of solidarity.

NOT: New
31. Organic solidarity is founded on similarity.

NOT: New
32. Disenchantment is a great spiritual revival.

NOT: New
33. DuBois believed that the problem of the twentieth century was the problem of the color line.

NOT: Pickup
34. In 1899, Jane Addams (with Ellen Gates Stern) cofounded a juvenile detention center.

NOT: Pickup
35. DuBois traced the origin of the color line to the scramble for Africa’s resources.

NOT: Pickup
36. Jane Addams is associated with the concept sympathetic knowledge.

NOT: New
37. Sympathetic knowledge is acquired by living and working among those being studied.
NOT: Pickup
38. Symbolic interaction is one of three major sociological perspectives.

NOT: New
39. Functionalists focus on conflict over scarce and valued resources.

NOT: Pickup
40. From a functionalist viewpoint, poverty supports the existing social order.

NOT: Pickup
41. All human interaction depends upon being aware of oneself and how others will perceive one.

NOT: New
42. Sociologists do not adhere to the scientific method.

NOT: New
43. Choosing who or what to study, and how to gather data is an example of the conflict
perspective.

NOT: New
44. The conflict perspective focuses on advantaged and disadvantaged groups.

NOT: New
45. The strength of the conflict theory is that it presents advantaged groups as all powerful.

NOT: New
46. Among other things the symbolic interaction perspective focuses on order and stability.

NOT: New
47. Symbolic interactionists see people in interaction as following “scripts” that can be altered or
negotiated.

NOT: Pickup
48. Symbolic interactionists see people as passive participants shaped by outside forces.

NOT: New
49. It is impossible to compile a list of topics that sociologists study.

NOT: Pickup
50. The six steps of the research process must be followed in order.

NOT: Pickup
51. If researchers are sure they have a new idea, they do not have to do a literature review.

NOT: New
52. Sociology is a college major with high occupational specificity.

NOT: New
53. Loska and Levey operationalized occupational status as the percentage of workers in a particular
occupation who have completed at least some college.

NOT: New
54. An independent variable is the variable that explains.

NOT: Pickup
55. Validity is the extent to which an operational definition gives consistent results.

NOT: Pickup
56. Another name for the dependent variable is the control variable.

NOT: New
57. Loska and Levey found support for the following hypothesis: the greater occupational specificity the
higher the economic and occupational status of the first job obtained after graduation.

NOT: New
58. Roska and Levey’s study of college graduates’ career transitions employed sex/gender as a control
variable.

NOT: New
59. One advantage of self-administered surveys is that they can be given to large numbers of people.

NOT: Pickup
60. Research is considered generalizable when findings apply only to those being studied.

NOT: Pickup
61. Ideally researchers conducting interviews should convey interest with clear expressions of surprise or
sympathy.

NOT: Pickup
62. Participant observation is the easiest method of gathering data.

NOT: Pickup
63. Structured interviews are more flexible than unstructured interviews.

NOT: New
64. Another name for secondary sources of data is archival data.

NOT: Pickup
65. The Hawthorne Effect occurs when those being studied change their behavior simply because someone
is observing them.

NOT: Pickup
66. Case studies focus on a specific person, situation or event.

NOT: Pickup
67. The data from Roska and Levey’s study of college graduates’ career transitions came from secondary
sources.

NOT: New
68. When traveling across the U.S. from Vermont to San Francisco Chris Caldeira stayed on the interstate
system whenever possible.

NOT: Pickup
69. The best sociologists are careful not to open “closed doors”.

NOT: Pickup
70. A comfort zone is a state grounded in habit such that a person does not have to think about what to do
next.

NOT: Pickup
71. Many of Chris Caldeira’s experiences traveling through Asian countries helped her to grasp the
concept, social construction of reality.

NOT: Pickup
72. At the end of a day of travel Chris Caldeira visited bars to help her forget sociology for awhile.

NOT: Pickup
73. Generally, uncertainty – or being in unfamiliar situations – creates a sense of heightened awareness.

NOT: Pickup
74. On her travels to Thailand, Chris Caldeira learned that the Thai language places the object of the
sentence first (i.e. that book, I read).

NOT: Pickup
75. After a summer of travel Chris Caldeira realized that that it is important to both read and experience
sociology.

NOT: Pickup
76. Rodeo is an NCAA (intercollegiate) sport.

NOT: Pickup
77. To grasp the historical context for understanding the largely abandoned neighborhoods of Detroit
Chris Caldeira read the work of William Julius Wilson.

NOT: Pickup

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CHAPTER 1: THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

Test Bank for Seeing Sociology An Introduction,

1. Sociology is the scientific study of

2. The distinctiveness of the sociological perspective lies with its focus on

4. _________ is the scientific study of human beings in society.

10. The sociological imagination is a quality of mind that allows us to understand:

11. The difference between troubles and issues is:

12. Emile Durkheim defined suicide as:

13. The sociological imagination includes the ability to

14. Which one of the following is not a characteristic of an issue?

18. The resolution of an issue involves

21. Women are more likely than men:

22. From a sociological perspective, suicide is

31. Mechanization replaced human and animal physical labor with

34. Mechanization moved most production into factories from

35. Sociology grew out of an attempt to understand the effects of

36. The Industrial Revolution did not require

38. Sociology was given its name by

41. The Communist Manifesto was written by

47. Marx did not consider which of the following to be important:

52. Which one of the following words applies to value-rational action?

56. Disenchantment is characterized by a spiritual

60. Jane Addams founded Hull House, a settlement house for

63. Jane Addams maintained that Hull House

66. According to functionalists, poverty exists because

69. _____ means anticipated or intended.

74. Conflict theorists are inspired by

87. Which perspective focuses on negotiated order?

89. The strength of the symbolic interactionist perspective is that it

90. Sociological research is guided by

91. In theory, the first step in undertaking a sociological research project is

95. In research, the variable to be explained or predicted is known as the

96. A dependent variable is

103. In an unstructured interview, the question-answer sequence is

104. A control variable is

109. __________________ is especially useful for studying behavior as it happens.

116. The best students of sociology

1. Sociology is the study of people.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 4 TOP: Mod 1.1

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 4 TOP: Mod 1.1

3. Functionalists ask, How do societies maintain their existing social order?

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 24 TOP: Mod 1.5

4. A latent dysfunction is a predictable and predicted disruption to the social order.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 25 TOP: Mod 1.5

5. There is usually only one way to organize a human activity.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 7 TOP: Mod 1.1

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 8 TOP: Mod 1.2

7. Social forces shape even our most personal of experiences.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 9 TOP: Mod 1.2

8. Troubles are the result of personal shortcomings.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 9 TOP: Mod 1.2

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 9 TOP: Mod 1.2

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 9 TOP: Mod 1.2

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 9 TOP: Mod 1.2

12. Karl Marx was interested in suicide rates.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 10 TOP: Mod 1.2

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 10 TOP: Mod 1.2

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 10 TOP: Mod 1.2