UNIVERSAL SCHOOL

FIRST TERM - EXAMINATION 80

(Nov - Dec 2022)

Name : Date : 30/11/2022

Grade :10 Marks : 80
Subject : ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE Time : 2 hours

ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE 0510

Paper 2 Reading and Writing
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.

No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

• Write your name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen.
• Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
• Answer all questions. Dictionaries are not allowed.
• At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
• The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part
question.

This document consists of 13 pages

Exercise 1

Read the article about a glacier in a mountainous area of Peru in South America, and then answer the
following questions.

A disappearing glacier

Glaciers are huge masses of ice and snow and are found in many mountainous
regions of the world. Unfortunately, global warming is causing many of them to
melt.

Pastoruri is a glacier 5000 metres above sea level in Huascaran National Park in
central Peru. In the 1990s, it attracted 100 000 tourists a year and was Peru’s top
ski resort. But half of the glacier has now disappeared and now just 30 000 visitors
go there annually. Several years ago, the National Park managers
banned all skiing and snowboarding on the glacier, blaming these activities for the loss of ice. Pastoruri
continued melting, however, and people must now stay off it for their own safety.

Mountain glaciers stay cooler when they are surrounded by other mountains with glaciers on them. Pastoruri,
however, doesn’t have other ice-covered mountains around it, and is disappearing more rapidly.

The National Park managers want to attract tourists back to the region and have created the Climate Change
Walking Tour, which I recently went on with a local guide called Carlos. The tour includes visiting a new
Education Centre which has a fascinating display of photographs of Pastoruri ‘before and now’. They show
how the thick ice has melted to reveal the dark-coloured rocks underneath.

In normal conditions, a glacier loses some ice during the hotter months of the year, but then builds up ice
again when the temperature falls. The climate in Peru has changed, however, and Pastoruri doesn’t re-grow
in the cooler months. “That’s why it’s technically incorrect to call it a glacier now,” our guide explained.

On the tour, Carlos pointed out some amazing dinosaur footprints in the rock, preserved from before the glacier
first formed. We were thrilled when Carlos showed us the bones of an animal that had lived 150 000 years
ago.

Glaciers worldwide 2009–2014 Melting glaciers are causing serious problems. In the mountainous
year areas of Peru, melted ice may soon cause floods in nearby towns and
cities. At lower levels, large urban areas on the coast of Peru may
suffer in other ways. “As the glaciers continue to shrink,” said Carlos,
“the supply of fresh water coming down from the mountains will
decrease, which is worrying in the long term.”

Engineers have investigated different ways of preserving Pastoruri. In

one project, they covered a small section of the glacier with sawdust,
a powdery material produced by cutting wood. This idea came from
traditional methods used to prevent ice from melting. In another
experiment, engineers painted black rocks near the glacier white,
thinking that white would reflect sunlight and keep temperatures low.
These projects had limited success.

As we reached the lake at the foot of Pastoruri, Carlos pointed to a

stunningly beautiful ice cave in the glacier, which I felt I had to take photos of. “The lake water is warmer than
the glacier,” Carlos said. “This makes the lower part of the glacier melt faster. As a result, the lake is getting
bigger and it’s starting to flood the valleys below.” He believes that engineers will soon need to drain the lake.

Minerals in rocks that appear when the glacier ice melts also cause a problem. They get washed down into
rivers and make the river water acidic. “Local farmers use river water on their land and it’s not good for their
crops,” Carlos explained. Biologists believe that one way to deal with this is to store the water in wetland areas
before it reaches the rivers. They encourage farmers to plant certain wetland grasses, which help to clean the
water by taking up acids from the water through their roots.

The environment continues to change, but local people are trying hard to adapt.
(a) What did the National Park managers first think caused the Pastoruri glacier to melt?

…………………............................................................................................................................................ [1]

(b) Why has Pastoruri melted faster than some other glaciers?

…………………............................................................................................................................................ [1]

(c) What evidence is there that Pastoruri is not a real glacier anymore?

…………………............................................................................................................................................ [1]

(d) According to the graph, in which two years between 2009 and 2014 did glaciers lose mostice?

………………….............................................................................................................................................[1]

(e) Why will glaciers cause problems for cities next to the sea?

…………………............................................................................................................................................ [1]

(f) What methods have engineers used to try to stop Pastoruri melting? Give two details.

………………….................................................................................................................................................

………………….............................................................................................................................................[2]

(g) What problems are caused by the lake at the bottom of Pastoruri? Give two details.

………………….................................................................................................................................................

…………………............................................................................................................................................ [2]

(h) What happens to minerals found in rocks when the glacier melts?

…………………............................................................................................................................................ [1]

(i) Why do scientists want local farmers to grow special grasses?

…………………............................................................................................................................................ [1]

(j) What was the writer interested in seeing on the Climate Change Walking Tour? Give Two details.

………………….................................................................................................................................................

…………………............................................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 13]
Exercise 2
Read the article about four people (A–D) who won different competitions. Then answer
Question 9 (a)–(j). First prize!

A Pavel Barsok
I’ve always enjoyed creative writing, so when my teacher told me about a short-story competition,
I didn’t need much persuading to enter. That evening, I looked online for more information about it.
I expected entering to be a straightforward procedure. The last time I’d done a similar competition, I
just had to give my personal details then upload my finished story. This time it was totally different –
I had to get two people to complete references for me by hand, send them in, then wait for my entry
number before downloading and completing a form. The competition was really popular, so I didn’t
think the likelihood of me winning would be all that high. Nevertheless, I sent in my story then more
or less forgot about it. I was away, without access to the internet, when the results were published
online. So, I was amazed when my classmate sent me a text telling me that I’d got first prize!

B Ruth Kapambwe
Last year, I took part in a national cookery competition. I’d tried to get a place on it the year before,
but had been too late with my application. There were 20 of us to begin with, and what struck me
was how confident the other competitors all seemed to be. It made me even more determined to
do my best. There were several rounds, and we had to cook something different each time. By the
final round, there were five of us left, and we’d got to know each other fairly well. Mostly we tended
to keep our ideas to ourselves, but I didn’t see anything wrong with making the occasional helpful
suggestion when I saw what someone else was doing. In the final round, we had to bake some
special bread so I made a loaf which had herbs in it. I was inspired by a magazine article I’d read by
a cookery writer not long before. The judges obviously liked it because they awarded me first prize!

C Anil Patel
Last year, I took a course in fashion design and at the end of it, I entered the Young Fashion Designer
of the Year competition. Although that time I didn’t get past the first round, it didn’t put me off trying
again. I felt much better prepared this year, and took the previous year’s judges’ comments into
account when working on my entry. I was really confident about the designs I sent in, and was
selected as one of seven finalists to take part in a show where the winner would be chosen. I had to
present my designs to the audience and get three friends to model them for me. I was so nervous
– I’m not sure I could have done it if they hadn’t been with me. When my name was announced, I
was thrilled! I chose a week-long work placement as my prize, which I’m starting next month. I could
have had cash instead, but I thought the experience would be far more valuable.

D Alejandra Castilla
I’m really into photography and have entered several competitions in the past. When my friend Maria
told me about this local wildlife photography competition, I was busy at college, so my initial reaction
was not to bother entering. However, she was keen to take part, and eventually convinced me as well.
We both took various photos and spent some time looking at each other’s. Maria had three really
good ones, but I couldn’t say which I preferred. I was also unsure which of mine to submit. Maria said
she liked one I’d taken of some birds eating berries in a tree, but in the end I chose one of a fox in my
garden instead. And luckily it received first prize! The finalists’ photos were printed in a calendar,
which looked great, and I got a place on a one-day photography course. It sounded interesting but in
fact was aimed more at beginners, so I didn’t actually gain anything from it.
For each question, write the correct letter A, B, C or D on the line.

Which person …

(a) had taken part in the same competition before? …...… [1]

(b) heard that they had won from a friend? ……… [1]

(c) got their winning idea from another person? ……… [1]

(d) lacked confidence in their chance of winning? ……… [1]

(e) was unimpressed with the prize they received? ……… [1]

(f) needed to make a decision about their prize? ……… [1]

(g) had to be persuaded to enter the competition? ……… [1]

(h) was surprised how complicated the application process was? ……… [1]

(i) suggested that they couldn’t have won without support from others? ……… [1]

(j) gave some advice to another competitor? ……… [1]

[Total: 10]
Exercise 3

Read the article about a film stunt man called Jim Burton, whose job involves doing
dangerous things in place of actors, and then complete the notes.

Film stunt man

Jim Burton is a professional stunt man and his work regularly involves falling through
windows, crashing cars and being shot at. When a film includes dangerous scenes and
film companies want to avoid putting actors at risk, they call on professional stunt men and
women to stand in for them. Although the stunts Jim does are very carefully planned by his
support team, there’s always a chance that he could get hurt. “I’ve broken lots of bones
in the time I’ve been doing this job,” Jim says. “It’s not nice, but it comes with the job.”
After 20 years as a film stunt man, Jim still feels great excitement before each new stunt.

Stunt men and women are the hidden heroes of cinema. When a film character jumps
out of a plane or flies through the air on a magical motorbike, it’s the famous actors who
get all the attention. Audiences don’t appreciate stunt performers. “That can be really
annoying,” Jim admits, “although it’s quite understandable. People who want to be stunt
performers accept this as part of the job.”

Jim was fortunate because when he left school, a family friend working in film production
helped him get small acting parts in a number of films. That’s how he gained 60 hours of
general film acting experience, which is one of the UK film industry’s requirements to
become a qualified stunt performer. Some training is available from certain specialist
schools, but for many stunt performers, their job is a kind of extension of the activities that
they enjoyed when growing up. Jim, for example, was keen on gymnastics, swimming and
rock climbing as a teenager. He also came from a family of motorbike fans, and by the
time he had decided that he would like to be a stunt man, he was an expert motorbike
rider. All professional stunt men and women in the UK have to join the professional stunt
performers’ association, and to do this, it is compulsory for them to achieve instructor level
in six stunt skills, one of which is being able to fall and land safely.

Even after they have fulfilled all the requirements to work as a professional stunt man or
woman, there is no guarantee of regular work. The danger and skills involved mean that
stunt performers tend to receive high fees for the work they do, but their employment is
unpredictable. “To get workconsistently, you need to build up good relationships with film
producers and directors,” says Jim. “You also need to be very flexible because the hours
tend to be long, which is obviously a problem if, like me, you’ve got a family.”

Despite these difficulties, Jim can’t imagine doing anything else. He recently had to design
and carry out a stunt which involved entering a building which was on fire, and running out
with his clothes in flames. In his previous film, he jumped off a bridge onto a moving truck.
“The stunt worked really well,” he says. “We make actors look cool in films and they often
say how grateful they are, which is really nice.”
You are going to give a talk to your class about the work of a stunt

performer. Prepare some notes to use as the basis for your talk.

Make short notes under each heading.

Requirements to work as a professional stunt performer in the UK:

• ..........................................................................................................

• ..........................................................................................................

The good things about the job:

• ..........................................................................................................

• ..........................................................................................................

• ..........................................................................................................

• ..........................................................................................................

The bad things about the job:

• ..........................................................................................................

• ..........................................................................................................

• ..........................................................................................................

[Total: 9]
Exercise 4

Read the following article about food.

On the opposite page, write a summary about modern food waste and about the traditional
ways that food can be preserved.

Your summary should be about 100 words long (and no more than 120 words long). You should
use your own words as far as possible.

You will receive up to 8 marks for the content of your summary and up to 8 marks for the style and
accuracy of your language.

Avoid waste – preserve!

Each year, an estimated one third of all food produced – an astonishing 1.3 billion tonnes worth
around US$1 trillion – ends up rotting in the bins of consumers and retailers or spoiling due to
poor transportation practices. Such wastage cannot be allowed in a world where almost 900 million
people go hungry every day. Uneaten food wastes both the energy put into growing it and the fuel
spent on transporting produce across vast distances. Added to this, significant amounts of the
powerful greenhouse gas, methane, comes from rotting food.

It is strange that at a time when technology makes it very easy to store food for longer, most
people make less effort to conserve food than at any other time in history. “Reducing food waste
and loss is an economic, ethical and environmental challenge that we must face,” says
environmentalist Khadija Khan. “One of the ways everyone can contribute to this challenge is by
looking at how less wasteful cultures place such value on every scrap of food and by considering
how to copy them.”

The ways that people around the world preserved food are as many and varied as the cultures
and countries they came from. The Turkish horsemen of Central Asia had their own solution. They
would preserve meat by placing it in pockets on their saddles to be crushed by their legs as they
rode. This meat was a direct ancestor of pastirma, a term which means ‘being pressed’ in Turkish,
and is also believed to be the origin of the Italian pastrami. In Greenland, the Inuit people ate a
dish called kiviak. This was a traditional wintertime food made from small birds called little auks.
Hundreds of whole birds were wrapped in a seal skin, which then had the air removed before
being sewn up. The skin was placed in the frozen ground under a stone to help keep the air out.
The birds were dug up after several months and eaten, often at celebrations.

Vegetarians need not despair, for there are plenty of ways to preserve non-meat dishes. In many
countries of South America, a freeze-dried potato delicacy known as chuño, which pre-dates the
Inca Empire, is widely eaten. Potatoes are alternately exposed to the freezing night air and hot
daytime sun for five days. They are then crushed to squeeze out all moisture. Chuño can last for
months or years. In Nigeria and several other West-African countries, a dry granular food called
garri is produced from cassava roots that are peeled, washed and grated. The resultant mash is
sieved and roasted for long-term storage. In many European countries, fruit is preserved so that
none is wasted and this means people enjoy its taste in the long, cold winters. Fruit is boiled,
sugar added, and the mixture is then put in a jar and sealed to produce what we know as jam.

There are many more examples which show just how careful people can be to preserve food. We
need to think again about looking after the food that we have, and we need to make sure that
nothing is wasted.
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[Total: 16]
Exercise 5

You recently had a problem that you didn’t know how to deal with. Fortunately, someone
helped you with this problem.

Write an email to a friend about what happened.

In your email, you should:

• describe the problem you had

• explain how someone helped you

• say what you plan to do for this person in return.

The pictures above may give you some ideas, and you should try to use some ideas of your
own.

Your email should be between 150 and 200 words long.

You will receive up to 8 marks for the content of your email, and up to 8 marks for the
style and accuracy of your language.
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[Total: 16]
[Turn over
Exercise 6

Some people think that the world would be a better place if everyone became

vegetarian. Here are two comments from your friends:

I think eating meat is bad

for your health.

Write an article for your school magazine, giving your views.

The comments above may give you some ideas, and you should try to use some ideas of your
own.

Your article should be between 150 and 200 words long.

You will receive up to 8 marks for the content of your article, and up to 8 marks for the
style and accuracy of your language.
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[Total: 16]
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