PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

INET DEPARTMENT
Aircraft Structures 2

AMT 421
MODULE 02:
Final
Simple Butt Joint
Connections

AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES
II

Prepared by:
ENGR. GIOVANNI P. DIHAYCO

1|Page
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
INET DEPARTMENT
Aircraft Structures 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Time Allotment
Title Page
Hours/Mins
Introduction 3 5 mins
Butt-Joint-Riveted Connections (Discussion) 4 10mins
Sample Problem 5 1 hr
Enrichment Activity 7 45 mins
Formative Assessment 8 1 hr
Summary and Honesty Clause 8 5 mins
Total 8 3.08hrs/3hrs & 5mins

TABLE OF REFERENCES
References No.
Peery-Aircraft Structures: Load classification Terminology 1
E.F. Bruhn: Analysis and Design of Flight Vehicle Structures 2
T.H.G. Megson: Aircraft Structures for Engineering Students 3
Anderson: Fundamentals Of Aerodynamics 4
R.C. Hibbeler: Mechanics of Materials 8th Edition 5
Pilot Handbook: Aircraft Structures 6
Ferdinand L. Singer: Strength of Materials 7

Introduction

2|Page
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
INET DEPARTMENT
Aircraft Structures 2
In this type of riveting, the plate to be alignment butting, touching without forming
an overlap. A butt joint is that in which the main plates are kept in alignment butting
(i.e. touching) each other and a cover plates (i.e. strap) is placed either on one side
or on both sides of the main plates. The cover plate is then riveted together with the
main plates. Butt joints are off the following types:

Butt Joint Connection

a. Single strap butt joints
b. Double strap butt joints

In a single strap butt joints, the edges of the main plates butt against each other and
only once cover plate is placed on one side of the main plates and then riveted
together.

Single Strap Butt Joint

In a double strap chain riveted butt joints, the edges of the main plates butt against
each other and two cover plates are placed on the both sides of the main plates and
then riveted together.

Double Strap Butt Joint

Butt joint riveted Connection

3|Page
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
INET DEPARTMENT
Aircraft Structures 2
In a butt joint connected ends of the plates lie in the same plane. The abutting ends
of the plates are covered by one or two cover plates or strap plates. Butt joints may
also by classified into single cover butt joint, double cover butt joints and double
cover zig=zag riveted butt joint. In a single cover butt joint, cover plate is provided on
one side of the main plate. In case of double cover butt joint, cover plates are
provided on other side of the main plate. Butt joints are also further classified
according to the number of rivets used and the arrangement of rivets adopted.

 Double cover single riveted butt joint

 Double cover chain riveted butt joint
 Double cover zig-zag riveted butt joint

Double cover single

chain riveted butt joint

Double cover single Double cover zig-zag

riveted butt joint riveted butt joint

For a double butt joint, the safe tensile load base on shear is given by

4|Page
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
INET DEPARTMENT
Aircraft Structures 2
L = nx2xArƬd
For a double butt joint, the safe tensile load based on compressive or bearing stress
is given by

L = nx2xAbσc
Ab = td

For a double butt joint, the safe tensile load based on the tensile stress is given by

L = Apσt

Where
L = load (N), The efficiency of a riveted
Ar = cross sectional area of rivet (m2), join
Ab = projected bearing area of rivet (m2)
Ap = cross sectional area of plate between rivet holes (m 2),
t = thickness of plate (m) t is given by
d = diameter of rivet (m),
n= number of rivets
Ƭd = allowable shear stress (N/m2)
σc = allowable bearing or compressive stress (N/m 2)
σt = allowable tensile stress (N/m2)
η = Least safe load/Ultimate tensile

Sample Problem 1. Determine the maximum safe tensile load that can be supported
by a 1 m section of double riveted butt joint with 15 mm thick main plates and two 8
mm thick cover plates. There are six rivets in each of the outer rows and seven rivets
in each of the inner rows. The rivets are all 20 mm in diameter. Assume that the
drilled holes are 1.5 mm larger in diameter than the rivets. The values for the design
limits for tensile, shear and bearing stress can be taken as 75 MPa, 60 MPa, and
131 MPa, respectively.

Solution:

In analyzing a double riveted joint, it is only necessary to analyze one side due to
symmetry.
The safe tensile load based on double shearing of the rivets is equal to the number
of rivets times the number of shearing planes per rivets times the cross-sectional
area of the rivet times the allowable shearing stress.

L = n x 2 x ArƬd
n = 6+7 = 13
L = 13 x 2 x π0.022/4 x 60 x 106
L = 490088.45N = 490.1kN
The safe tensile load, L, based on bearing or compressive stress is given by
L = 13 x 0.02 x 0.015 x 131 x 106
5|Page
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
INET DEPARTMENT
Aircraft Structures 2
L = 510900N
L = 510.9kN

The cove plates have combined thickness greater than that of the main plates so
detailed analysis need not be considered here.

The safe tensile load, L, based on tensile load is given by

L = Apσt

The area of the plate between the rivet holes, Ap is given

Ap = 0.015(1-6(0.02 + 0.0015))
= 0.015(1-0.129)
Ap = 0.013065 m2
L = Apσt = 0.013065 x 75 x 106
L = 979875N
L = 979.875kN

To complete the analysis it is necessary to consider the sum of the load that would
cause tearing between rivets in the inner section plus the load carried by the rivets in
the outer section. The sum of the loads is used because if the joint is to fail it must
fail at both sections simultaneously.

L = nAbσc = 6 x 0.02 x 0.015 x 131 x 106

L = 235800N
L = 235.8kN

The safe tensile load based on the tensile strength of the main plate between the
holes in the inner section is

Ap = 0.015(1-7(0.02+0.0015)
Ap = 0.0127425 m2

L = Apσt = 0.015(1-7(0.02+0.0015) x 75 x 106

L = 955687.5N
L = 955.6875kN

The total safe tensile load based on the sum of the above values is
1.1914875N = 1191487.5MN

The safe tensile load for the riveted joints would be the least of the values calculated,
that is 490088.45N = 490.1kN
The efficiency of the riveted joint is given by
η = 490088.45/0.015 x 1 x 75x106
η =0.436 x 100%
η = 44%

Activity no. 1

6|Page
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
INET DEPARTMENT
Aircraft Structures 2
Direction: Identify the answers to the following questions stated below.

1. It is the connection in which the components to be joined overlap each other.

2. It is the connection where the additional piece of material is used to bridge the
two components to be joined which are butted up against each other.

3. It is the strength of the riveted joint divided by the strength of the unriveted
plate, expressed as percentage.
4. It is a type of lap joint connections where the riveted joint has one row of the
rivet in a lap joint.

Activity no. 2
Directions: Answer each item as best as you can.
1. What is lap joint riveted connection?
2. What are the different types of lap joints connection?
3. How can you differentiate between lap joint and butt joint riveted connection?
4. What is the efficiency of riveted lap joint?

ESSAY RUBRIX

Poor Average Outstanding Total

Accuracy Answer is not Answer is Answer is

accurate or has accurate, but accurate, and
little accuracy. missed some important points
important points. are mentioned.
(1-4pts)
(5-9pts) (10pts)

Grammar, Poor or below Few grammatical No spelling,

writing average errors. punctuation or
grammar. grammatical
mechanics. (2-3pts)
errors
(1pt)
(4pts)

Total 14pts

Formative Assessment :
Directions: Answer the given problem and show you solution. Write in a plane sheet
of white paper or in a yellow pad.
1. The Determine the maximum safe tensile load that can be supported by a 1 m
section of double riveted butt joint with 25 mm thick main plates and two 15
mm thick cover plates. There are five rivets in each of the outer rows and
7|Page
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
INET DEPARTMENT
Aircraft Structures 2
eigth rivets in each of the inner rows. The rivets are all 30 mm in diameter.
Assume that the drilled holes are 2 mm larger in diameter than the rivets. The
values for the design limits for tensile, shear and bearing stress can be taken
as 65 MPa, 70 MPa, and 150 MPa, respectively.

Summary
This module helps the students to familiarize, analyze and understand the single
strap butt joints riveted connections and double strap butt joints riveted connections
by solving relevant problems involving this two butt connections. In single strap butt
joints, the edges of the main plates butt against each other and only once cover plate
is placed on one side of the main plates and then riveted together. In the other side,
a double strap butt joints, the edges of the main plates butt against each other and
two cover plates are placed on the both sides of the main plates and then riveted
together.

Honesty Clause
I am expected to display the highest degree of honesty and professionalism in
my class work, requirements and activities and I understand that if plagiarism
is found in my paper, my instructor will follow the procedure on academic
dishonesty set forth by Philippine State College of Aeronautics.

________________________________
Name and Signature

8|Page