IMPREGNATED MELAMINE PAPER COATED FILM OVERLAY ‐ TECHNICAL PRODUCT

SHEET

melamine paper coated film Overlay ‐ Technical product sheet

Product description: Abrasion‐resistant melamine films on a base of melamine‐ impregnated overlay

papers using special additives

Application: Coating of wood materials on short‐cycle presses as per technical specifications. The overlay

film is used to cover the décor film with the aim of creating a highly abrasion‐resistant surface in various

different abrasion classes. The quality of the overlay films is according to customer‐specific requirements.

Base paper grammage:35 ‐ 125g/m²

Dimensions: Widths up to 2650 mm Sheet length up to 6000 mm max.

Supplied as: Sheets

Packaging: Based on specified packaging requirements

Moisture protected by wrapping in PE film

Storage period: 2 months maximum at 20 C° and a maximum of 60% humidity in

original packaging

Melamine is a tough low pressure laminate surface which is pressed onto wood-based substrates to

produce an attractive, highly durable panel for use in interior cabinetry and wall panels.   Melamine paper

is double or single sided and is available in a range of thicknesses and surface texture finishes. Designs

range from solid colours through to wood grains and patterns.  Melamine is available pressed onto

substrates including MDF, MDF MR/E0 (moisture resistant/low formaldehyde), MDF FR (fire resistant),

MDF FR Black, Particleboard and Particleboard MR.

The  Melamine surface is made from imported plain coloured or printed décor papers impregnated with

melamine resins. The base paper weight of between 70 g/m2 and 120 g/m2 result in a finished surface

lamination thickness of between 0.075mm and 0.200mm. The melamine laminated surface is pressed

under heat and pressure onto the substrate between metal press plates at the   Panels manufacturing

facilities . The surface of the press plates determine the surface texture of the finished surface.

Physical Properties The physical properties and characteristics below are for the Melamine surface

laminate only. These should be read in conjunction with the appropriate Prime substrate physical

properties.

1.Density

2.Resistance to Steel Wool

3.Resistance to Dry Heat

4.Behaviour to Water Vapour

5.Chemical Resistance

Handling & Storage

• Do not store or transport panels in direct sunlight.

• Store only in dry interior conditions on a minimum of three bearers across the full width of the panels

keeping the panels flat at all times. Avoid leaning panels against walls.

• Store panels where construction traffic and construction activity will not damage panels.

• Treat panels as a finished product and avoid dragging panels on the outer surface or across other
surfaces.

• Avoid the use of abrasive cleaners and avoid exposure to chemicals.

surface finishing, impregnation Knowledge and Experience In the wood-based panel industry

In the wood-based panel industry, regarding surface finishing, impregnation is the key process that

enables all kind of papers to be loaded up with the exact amount of thermosetting resin for it to react

during subsequent pressing operation. Resins used are primarily melamine (melamine – formaldehyde),

while a proportion of urea resin (urea – formaldehyde) can also be present. Kraft papers are usually

impregnated with phenolic resins (phenol – formaldehyde).

The impregnation process is performed continuously on lines that are provided with an immersion bath in

which the paper is accurately and uniformly saturated with liquid resin before metering rolls remove

excess material and drying ovens evaporate the proper water quantity. Following impregnation, the papers

have usually more than twice as much weight. Knowledge and experience are a must to design and

manufacture an efficient and well-performing impregnation station.

PRINTING AND PROCESSING DECOR PAPER buying

guide,sourcing,purchasing,inspection,quality control,import,export

Decor papers are usually printed using the intaglio process. In this process, ink is applied to the paper by

an engraved roller. The interplay between the paper color and various printing inks enables limitless

decorative designs. These designs range from wood and stone patterns all the way to fantasy designs.

IMPREGNATING PROCESS

In order to join decor papers to wood materials, the paper is soaked in melamine, urea or acrylate resin,

depending on the application. Because these papers are highly absorbent and penetrable, they are able to

soak up twice their own weight in resin.

Our decor papers are highly resistant to moisture, which allows them to pass smoothly through the

impregnating plant.

COATING PROCESS

Decor papers are joined to wooden boards using the latest pressing and laminating systems. High

temperatures and the right pressure in the presses cause the impregnated resin to harden. This is what

bonds the decor paper to the wooden material. In the laminating process, this is done by hot melt

adhesives. Wooden materials can be given an almost entirely natural surface feel using textured pressed

sheets.

Melamine Impregnation paper buying guide,sourcing,purchasing,inspection,quality

control,import,export

Melamine Impregnation

Melamine impregnated paper,use high quality printed decor paper, impregnated with melamine resin,

then laminated onto all kinds of wood based panels. It plays a very good decorative effect on the surface

of panels, and make the surface resistant to high temperature, wear-resistant and anti pollution.

At present the impregnation usually adopts the twice saturation. The decor paper is firstly impregnated

with normal melamine resin to get the core layer, then use high quality melamine resin

for second impregnation.The melamine resin in these two times impregnation can be adjusted as per

requirements to ensure the final quality of melamine impregnated paper, and to make the production

economical. Impregnation has strict requirements on printed decor paper and melamine resin. The resin

after modulation should obtain the flexibility, which can prevent the surface brittle crack. In actual

production, melamine resin also need to add a variety of additives.

In order to guarantee the quality of the melamine impregnated paper, high quality decorative paper must

be used. Decorative paper has no α pulp fiber,performs well in color fade, and be resistant of high

temperature of 180 C, and of good opacity.  In normal the grammage of decor paper should be 70-90g/㎡,

with tolerance of ± 2g/㎡, the moisture content 2.5-4.2%, PH value 6.5-7.5. If the PH value is too low, it

may wrinkles during impregnation. To avoid break during impregnation, the length of the longitudinal

wet break is at least 450m, and the lateral 300m. To obtain a good impregnation speed, decor paper

should have very high absorbent with quick penetration. Water suction height requirements: vertical 25-

35mm/min, horizontal 22-30mm/min. Smoothness of decor paper should be moderate, too low may affect

the lamination effect on surface and too high will reduce the ability of impregnating resin.

Modulation resin is mainly MF and UF, as well as a variety of additives. Curing additive plays the role of

catalyst to accelerate curing time during lamination. Wetting additive is to reduce the surface tension of

resin,and enhance the penetration ability on decorative paper to confirm the

impregnation uniformity. Release additive is used to prevent impregnated paper from steel plate during

lamination.Defoaming additive is used to avoid bubbles in resin bath which may affect impregnating

uniformity. Solvent is water or ethanol, diluted to adjust the viscosity to obtain good permeability on

decor paper. Using special glue technology to make melamine formaldehyde resin and urea formaldehyde

resin, and then add the modifier and storage, finally add a hardening additive, wetting additive, release

additive, foaming additive and other additives,inject into resin bath. After twice impregnation,decorative

paper need to be dried, cooled and cut into certain sizes. The size requires to be about 10-30mm bigger

than panels in width and length.In the impregnation process, we should follow the strict requirements of

the process operation, test samples every 30 min, guarantee resin content of 130-150%, volatile matter

content 6-7%, pre-curing degree ≦ 65%. With approval, the finished melamine impregnated paper sheets

could be packed sealed by polyethylene film. About 200 sheets per bale, 10 bales each pallet. In order to

ensure the quality lamination, melamine impregnated paper should be stored in good condition. The

relative humidity in the warehouse is 60±5%, so that the paper will not absorb or release moisture.
Temperature should be 20-25℃. High temperature and high humidity make the impregnated paper sheets

becomes soft and sticky. But impregnated paper is easy to break when the temperature is too low. The

shelf life of impregnated paper is about 3 months if they are stored well. To prevent sticky because

of moisture absorption, please repack and seal well once opened.

The resin content (solid resin relative to the weight of the resin) is 130-150%. The low resin content

brings low strength on paper, and it is easy to dimex. The proper melamine content is good for lamination

in production and quality. When the resin content is too high, it is easy to crack. The content of volatile

matter (at 160℃ drying for 10 minutes) was 6-7%.

impregnated decorative foils Buying Guide,inspection,quality

control,sourcing,import,export ,manufacutring

DECORATIVE PAPER & DECORATIVE FOILS

DECORATIVE FOILS BUYERS GUIDE  www.compositepanel.org  

Decorative foils are an intermediate-range paperbased overlay and are also called impregnated papers.

They are generally pre-impregnated with a blend of melamine, acrylic and urea resins during the paper-

manufacturing process or post-impregnated after the paper is fully cured. Decorative foils weigh between

40 and 200 grams/ m2 untreated. During the impregnation process, the cellulose papers typically gain

between 20 and 50 percent of their base weight. Those between 100 and 200 grams are dubbed specialty

papers and are more likely than lighter-weight varieties to be used for exposed decorative surfaces.

The impregnated decorative foils are bonded with an adhesive system to a substrate (ex: MDF or

particleboard). Quantity, method and type of impregnation and the type of adhesive system and substrate

will have a direct effect on the finished product. These qualities will be demonstrated in cutting and

machining performance. Although impregnated papers do not require a topcoat to be considered a foil,

most foils receive a finished topcoat for increased durability and scratch-resistance. Due to substrate

surface advancements, the use and performance of decorative foils has increased. Widespread use of
decorative foils ranges from retail fixtures to closet systems, RTA furniture, profile wrappings and POP

displays. Specifiers choose decorative foils for their sharp print fidelity; wear-, stain- and water-resistant

qualities; ease of maintenance and durability as well as their costeffectiveness and reliable machining and

manufacturing characteristics.

Heat Transfer Foils

Heat transfer foils involve the transfer of a complete coating system from a carrier film to a substrate by

means of heat and pressure. When transferred at point of contact between heated roller and substrate, the

coating system provides both a decorative effect and a protective layer to provide specified end-use

properties.

The foils are gravure printed in reverse sequence on a co-polymer film. That is, the release coat is applied

first followed by a protective coating, the decorative pattern, the base coat and finally, the heat-activated

adhesive. These foils can be applied vertically or horizontally to flat surfaces, curves, edges and

contoured profiles. They are thermoformable, making them ideal for applications with doors or decorative

trim, and can be restamped after application to correct defects or damage.

Detailed product information and manufacturers can be found in the Product Locator.

COMMON USES FOR DECORATIVE FOILS

Cabinets & Doors

Furniture & Cabinet Surfaces

Closet Systems

Store Fixtures

Ready to Assemble Furniture

Picture Frames
DECORATIVE PAPERS

Light basis weight papers, also called decorative papers, range in weight from 23 to 50 grams/m2. The

paper may contain acrylic, polyester or other resins added during the paper making process to improve the

internal bond strength. The paper is then printed and topcoated with polyurethane, urea, polyester, acrylic

or melamine or a combination thereof for increased durability and performance.

These papers can be printed with excellent quality and high-fidelity patterns. Optional chemical, optical,

or gloss-matte embossing of these papers enhances the realism of woodgrain and natural patterns for a

decorative look. Light basis weight papers have long been common in higher levels of value engineering

and are widely used in cabinets, store fixtures, paneling, shelving, closet systems, RTA and home office

furniture. Light basis weight papers are usually divided into two categories, standard and industrial.

Standard grade papers contain a lower amount of resin in the base paper and offer an economical overlay

for use on general surface applications.

Industrial grade papers with their higher resin content, should be specified for applications that demand

higher production and processing performance (i.e., improved cutting and machining). The cost

effectiveness of this overlay group is further enhanced by the possibility of single sided panels. It is not

necessary to laminate both sides of the substrate to achieve a balanced panel. As an additional application,

depending on their weight, light basis weight papers can be profile wrapped to produce trim that is an

exact match of the flat surface.

Light basis weight papers, decorative papers, will accept a variety of adhesives applied during the

laminating process. Additionally, they can be supplied precoated with hotmelt adhesive ready for hot roll

laminating without any additional adhesive application to the paper or substrate. The performance and

appearance of the finished panel will be affected by the adhesive system used and substrate quality.

Detailed product information is available in the Product Locator.

 

COMMON USES FOR DECORATIVE PAPERS

Cabinetry

Shelving Systems

Closet Systems

Paneling

Store Fixtures

Home Office Furniture

RECOMMENDED READING ON LIGHT BASIS WEIGHT PAPERS

Buyers Guide 

BUYERS GUIDE  www.compositepanel.org 

In partnership with Surface & Panel magazine, CPA publishes an annual guide that provides the most

comprehensive product information available about North American composite panel and decorative

surfacing products. The Guide includes in-depth descriptions of the various types of composite panels and

decorative surfaces, as well as the many standard and specialty products available.

Print copies of the guide are available to only those located within North America. To obtain a print copy

of the guide contact admin@compositepanel.org.

2018-2019 Buyers Guide

ABOUT THIS GUIDE

PRODUCT DESCRIPTIONS AND GUIDES

Medium Density Fiberboard

Particleboard
Hardboard

Engineered Wood Siding and Trim

Decorative Surfaces

Thermally Fused Laminate

Film Overlays (3D laminate and 2D laminate)

Decorative Foils

Light Basis Weight Papers

High Pressure Laminate

Veneer

Powder and Liquid Coatings

Adhesives

SPECIFYING / APPLICATIONS

Kitchens

Home Organization

Residential Furniture

Retail

Office Furniture

Hospitality

Healthcare
Education

DECORATIVE PAPER & DECORATIVE FOILS Buying Guide,inspection,quality

control,sourcing,import,export ,manufacutring

Decorative foils are an intermediate-range paperbased overlay and are also called impregnated papers.

They are generally pre-impregnated with a blend of melamine, acrylic and urea resins during the paper-

manufacturing process or post-impregnated after the paper is fully cured. Decorative foils weigh between

40 and 200 grams/ m2 untreated. During the impregnation process, the cellulose papers typically gain

between 20 and 50 percent of their base weight. Those between 100 and 200 grams are dubbed specialty

papers and are more likely than lighter-weight varieties to be used for exposed decorative surfaces.

DECORATIVE PAPERS | LIGHT BASIS WEIGHT PAPERS

Decorative papers, also called light basis weight papers range in weight from 23 to 50 grams/m2. The

decorative paper may contain acrylic, polyester or other resins added during the paper making process to

improve the internal bond strength. The paper is then printed and topcoated with polyurethane, urea,

polyester, acrylic or melamine or a combination thereof for increased durability and performance for

decorative use

Prime Coat MDF inspection,sourcing,buying guide,quality control ,manufacturing

Prime Coated MDF is a better solution for an excellent paint finish in the furniture and door industry.  

Primers are formulated to seal the surface – and when the surface is sealed, less final paint is used due to

low absorption. It saves time and reduces your costs. You can bypass a prime coat process in your

production as we are able to provide you the MDF with a prefinished Quality Prime Coat on the surface.

Water-based prime coat can block all stains and fill any pin holes, so you can start your paint process

hassle free. Prime Coated MDF also prevents common paint problems like cracking, peeling and

blistering and your paint will retain its original colour even longer.
Prime Coated MDF in White or other primary colours. This will be the BEST choice for you if you are

currently involved in the prime coating furniture or door business.

Board Lamination Melamine Impregnated Paper Buying Guide,Sourcing,quality

control,inspection,manufacturing ,import,export

Board Lamination

Melamine faced panel is also called prelaminated panel with a different color or texture. Melamine

impregnated paper is paved onto wood based panels like MDF, particle board, plywood, block board, and

then laminated with high temperature and high pressure.Currently low pressure low pressure lamination is

popular. The melamine paper surface not only can improve the panel strength, stiffness and dimensional

stability, but also can make its surface has the advantages of wear resistance, high temperature resistance,

anti pollution, environmental protection, health and performance.

Prelaminated panels process: Panels Preparation →Panels Clean→Melamine Impregnated

Paper→ Lamination→ Reclean → Inspection→Store. Before lamination, we must choose the high

quality wood based panels and melamine impregnated paper,only qualified raw materials could be

selected for production.

Impregnated paper requires the resin content is 130-150%, volatile content 6-7%, the pre curing degree

≦ 65%. Melamine impregnated paper should be in good condition, and packed with film to prevent the

absorption of moisture. It is better to laminate before 3 months after production,and stored in the

warehouse with relative moisture of 60 + 5%, the temperature 20-25℃. The most popular panels are fiber

board, particle board and plywood. Quality panels requirements: 1) double side sanding, the surface is

smooth and bright, uniform thickness, thickness tolerance 0.2mm. 2) board edges are intact, not eating, no

oil or water pollution. 3) moisture content of the board is controlled in the range of 6-10%.
During the lamination process, we must strictly follow the technical specification, control

pressing temperature 140-190℃, unit pressure 2.0-3.0MPa, pressing time 25-50s. Pressing temperature,

pressure and pressing time are mutually dependent and mutually restricted, which can be adjusted

according to the actual press affection. Hot temperature is mainly to accelerate the chemical reaction

of melamine resin, the most workable temperature is 140-190℃. Higher temperature can help release

after press, and can shorten the press time,improve production efficiency.But too high temperature will

make resin curing before uniform flow, which cause pore on the board surface. Suitable pressure can

guarantee the good adhesion between  boards and impregnated paper, the workable pressure is generally

2.0-3.0MPa, which is favorable to the resin melt and solidify, forming the closed and compact surface.

Under the premise of good quality, the low pressure should be used to prolong the service life of the

equipment, and it is beneficial to the inner structure of boars. But too low pressure will affect the adhesive

strength and resin flow capacity. According to the different kinds of panels, the unit pressure need to be

adjusted by buffer mat. The pressing time depends on the curing speed of resin in the impregnated

paper and the pressing temperature, and 25-50s is the best. Time is too long will cause resin curing

excessive and lose elastic, resulting in crack or inside intention and in the following process will bring

crack, warping. Time is too short, resin curing is not sufficient, make the boards sticky and affect the

product durability.

Analysis of common quality defects and causes of prelaminated panels:

1) White spot, the main reason is the bad flow of in impregnated paper or less resin content. Reasons may

be: no sanding on board surface or sanding not uniform, where the density is lower, resulting in large

amount of resin absorption at this area, and bring the bad flow of resin which cause white spot.Deep

depression in some areas, and pressure is not enough at these areas during lamiantion, and bring bad flow

of resin,then cause white spot.Too high temperature,with too low pressure, and polluted steel plate may

affect the resin flow,then cause white spot.Mat damages, leading to different temperature on different
position of steel plate and cause white spot.Overtime storage of melamine impregnated paper, high pre-

curing degree,or too low the PH value on boards,will affect the resin flow and cause white spot.  Too high

resin content on melamine impregnated paper may bring bubbles during lamination and cause white spot.

2) Wet spot, refers to the wave traces on prelaminated boards surface, and there are obvious defects.The

main reasons are: High volatile content on impregnated paper or impregnated paper becomes damp will

cause wet spot during lamination.Low pre-curing, low pressing temperature or shot pressing time, easy to

occur wet spot.High moisture content on boards leads to wet spot during lamination.

3) Sticky with steel plate refers to the melamine board stick with steel plate during lamination. Slightly

sticky will influence the surface quality,  seriously sticky will affect production.Main reasons are: high

resin content or polluted steel plate, leading to bad release. High volatile content of impregnated paper,

low pressing temperature and short pressing time, resulting in resin was not fully cured to bad release.

Damages on mat resulting in not uniform temperature on steel plate brings bad release. High moisture

content or high PH value on boards brings bad release.

4)Bubbles, main reasons: too high pressing temperature, too long pressing time brings demix or bubbles.

Too high moisture or too thin of boards may bring demix or bubbles during lamination.Too low density

resulting in demix or bubbles.

5) Bow warping refers to surface uneven surface or cutting bending because of bad uniformity of inside

intention strength. Main reasons are: Big difference in pressing temperature between upper and lower

steel plate cause different curing speed and lead to bow warping. Different melamine impregnated paper

on both surfaces may cause bend after lamination.If the hot prelaminated boards are loaded onto un-flat

pallets,it may cause bend.

In short, we must choose the excellent impregnated paper and wood-based panel as raw materials, and

optimize the production process as per different production equipment, under the collaboration of the

operation and inspection persons, that can ensure the stability of product quality.

THERMALLY FUSED LAMINATE (TFL)

FINISH FOIL / PRINTED DECORATIVE PAPER / PAPER FOIL Buying Guide,Sourcing,quality

control,inspection,manufacturing ,import,export

FINISH FOIL / PRINTED DECORATIVE PAPER / PAPER FOIL Buying Guide,Sourcing,quality

control,inspection,manufacturing ,import,export

Finish Foil using 30 gsm and 50 gsm MG (Machine Glazed) Paper. We also use special paper, such as Art

Paper, Ivory Paper, Duplex, etc. for products with more than 80 gsm grammage.

The final process of Finish Foil uses Amino-Alkyd, Poly Urethane, Poly Urethane Modified and Nitro

Cellulose coating on the top surface to give resistance feature towards water, solvent, scratches, etc.

Finish Foil is commonly used in home furniture and interior, as applied on Particle Board or Medium

Density Fibreboard .

Prioritizing on customers’ preference, we also provide Finish Foil without resin coating if the finishing

process will be done by the customer.

Pura Dekorindo’s Finish Foil is available in various wood grain patterns, such as: Beech, Cherry, Pine,

Oak, Teak, Maple, etc. We also provide various solid colors, such as: Black, White, Yellow, Blue, Silver,

Gold, etc.
Sourcing and inspection Decorative Paper & Foil for Furniture and Interior

DECORATIVE PAPER & FOIL FOR FURNITURE AND INTERIOR

Contributing to the development of value-added forestry resources including wood processing and

furniture industry,  Finish Foil/Printed Decorative Paper/Paper Foil, and Melamine Impregnated

Paper.

FINISH FOIL / PRINTED DECORATIVE PAPER / PAPER FOIL

Finish Foil using 30 gsm and 50 gsm MG (Machine Glazed) Paper. We also use special paper, such as Art

Paper, Ivory Paper, Duplex, etc. for products with more than 80 gsm grammage.

The final process of Finish Foil uses Amino-Alkyd, Poly Urethane, Poly Urethane Modified and Nitro

Cellulose coating on the top surface to give resistance feature towards water, solvent, scratches, etc.

Finish Foil is commonly used in home furniture and interior, as applied on Particle Board or Medium

Density Fibreboard .

Prioritizing on customers’ preference, we also provide Finish Foil without resin coating if the finishing

process will be done by the customer.

Finish Foil is available in various wood grain patterns, such as: Beech, Cherry, Pine, Oak, Teak, Maple,

etc. We also provide various solid colors, such as: Black, White, Yellow, Blue, Silver, Gold, etc.
THERMALLY FUSED LAMINATE (TFL)

When its time to have the look of High Pressure Laminate (HPL) with similar performance, Thermally

Fused Laminate (TFL) – also referred to as Thermally Fused Melamine (TFM), is often used.  TFL is a

melamine saturated paper that is thermally fused directly to the substrate. With the absence of the

multiple layers of Kraft paper that is found in HPL, you will loose some of the impact resistance but also

you will have a lower cost. Without the cushion of the additional layers of Kraft paper, the TFL is not

recommended for counter tops but performs excellent in multiple vertical and low impact applications.

produce the parts you design for your fixture, display, cabinet, furniture or other projects. Our CNC saws,

machine centers, routers and edge banders will fabricate the parts you need, to your specs, shipped on-

time. Installation of hardware, sub-assembly and assembly & packaging is also available.

DECORATIVE SURFACES inspection,testing,sourcing and quality control

DECORATIVE SURFACES

THERMALLY FUSED LAMINATE

3D LAMINATES & 2D LAMINATES

DECORATIVE PAPER & DECORATIVE FOILS

HIGH PRESSURE LAMINATES (HPL)

COATINGS

VENEER LAMINATES

DECORATIVE PAPER & DECORATIVE FOILS

DECORATIVE FOILS

Decorative foils are an intermediate-range paperbased overlay and are also called impregnated papers.

They are generally pre-impregnated with a blend of melamine, acrylic and urea resins during the paper-
manufacturing process or post-impregnated after the paper is fully cured. Decorative foils weigh between

40 and 200 grams/ m2 untreated. During the impregnation process, the cellulose papers typically gain

between 20 and 50 percent of their base weight. Those between 100 and 200 grams are dubbed specialty

papers and are more likely than lighter-weight varieties to be used for exposed decorative surfaces.

DECORATIVE PAPERS | LIGHT BASIS WEIGHT PAPERS

Decorative papers, also called light basis weight papers range in weight from 23 to 50 grams/m2. The

decorative paper may contain acrylic, polyester or other resins added during the paper making process to

improve the internal bond strength. The paper is then printed and topcoated with polyurethane, urea,

polyester, acrylic or melamine or a combination thereof for increased durability and performance for

decorative use.

Thermally Fused Laminate (TFL) inspection,testing,sourcing and quality control

We recommend using Thermally Fused Laminate (TFL) for virtually all vertical applications like

casework, cabinet doors, drawer fronts, closet systems, furniture, wall paneling, store fixtures, and

slatwall. TFL performs well in these environments when paired with the correct core. It can also stretch

your design budget while providing fresh style and even eco-friendly appeal, if you opt for one of our

environmentally friendly substrates. High Pressure Laminate (HPL) tends to perform better in extremely

high-traffic spaces and in some horizontal applications like desk tops and counter tops.

surface finishing, impregnation Knowledge and Experience In the wood-based panel industry

In the wood-based panel industry, regarding surface finishing, impregnation is the key process that

enables all kind of papers to be loaded up with the exact amount of thermosetting resin for it to react

during subsequent pressing operation. Resins used are primarily melamine (melamine – formaldehyde),

while a proportion of urea resin (urea – formaldehyde) can also be present. Kraft papers are usually

impregnated with phenolic resins (phenol – formaldehyde).

The impregnation process is performed continuously on lines that are provided with an immersion bath in

which the paper is accurately and uniformly saturated with liquid resin before metering rolls remove

excess material and drying ovens evaporate the proper water quantity. Following impregnation, the papers

have usually more than twice as much weight. Knowledge and experience are a must to design and

manufacture an efficient and well-performing impregnation station.

The difference between pre coated melamine paper, adhesive film paper 

The difference between pre coated melamine paper, adhesive film paper

Precoating melamine paper is a kind of decorative paper for skin. Its raw material is usually kraft paper

with wood pulp, which has high strength. Mainly used for decoration or trimming of furniture, speakers

and other household and office supplies. Other uses include: plastic packaging, cigarette and alcohol

packaging, plastic calendar, decorative painting, etc. The pattern is printed by imitating the tree pattern,

with the thickness of 0.5-1.0mm, and the surface is smooth and glossy.

Adhesive film paper (commonly known as laminating paper) is a kind of impregnated paper with amino

resin (mainly melamine resin) or phenolic resin, which is dried to a certain degree of curing. It is widely

used in the manufacture of building formwork to make the surface of building membrane plate smooth

and flat; the membrane plate will not cause any pollution to the building; it can strictly limit the amount

of harmful gases; it is wear-resistant and compression resistant; the waterproof paint greatly extends the

service life of membrane plate.

Decorative paper is a kind of adhesive paper which is impregnated with amino resin (melamine

formaldehyde resin and urea formaldehyde resin) and dried to a certain degree, and has a certain resin

content and volatile content. It can be glued to each other or with wood-based panel substrate by hot

pressing. The utility model can have the appearance effect of beautiful materials and improve the use

value. Improve physical performance and expand the scope of use.

Decorative Surfaces

A closer look into the manufacturing process of HPL and LPM and how to choose the right decorative

surface for your home or project.

Decorative surfaces have become a necessity in the design industry, adding value and durability to

commercial and residential applications.

In order to select the correct laminate for projects, it is essential to understand the manufacturing process

of these surfaces. The two main decorative laminate types, High-Pressure Laminate (HPL) and Low-

Pressure Melamine (LPM) share many similarities, but there are also significant differences.

Understanding the structure and manufacturing process of HPL and LPM are key when selecting the right

product for your application.

When deciding on a particular decorative surface, it is important to consider the key factors that may

affect the overall result. Knowing the specific application, performance requirement, design objective,

and cost are imperative to selecting the right decorative surface. This guide aims to inform and provide

insight into the capabilities of both HPL and LPM in order to make an informed choice on decorative

surfaces.

Laminate – HPL, High-Pressure Laminate

Structure and Manufacturing Process

Laminate, or HPL, is comprised of phenolic resin-impregnated kraft paper (that gives Laminate its impact

strength), Melamine resin-impregnated decorative paper face material and a clear protective overlay (that

gives Laminate its surface strength and scratch-resistance).

These sheets are bonded at pressures between 5-10MPa, with temperatures between 120-150°C. The

curing process transforms the resin by a cross-linking of the chemical bonds that converts the paper sheets

into a non-reactive, single, rigid laminated sheet.

The pressed sheets are trimmed, and then sanded on the back to facilitate bonding to suitable substrates

such as Particleboard or MDF (Medium Density Fibreboard).

Applications

Laminate is suitable for both horizontal and vertical applications in residential and commercial

environments. High-Pressure Laminate (HPL) is used commonly for benchtops, vanity tops, tables,

counters, wall panels and cabinet doors, mainly due to its structural integrity. HPL contains a paper core,

which provides a high level of impact resistance and thus can be used in high traffic areas.

Compact Laminates

Structure and Manufacturing Process

Compact laminates are a class of HPL, and as such are made in the same way. The key difference being

that Compact laminates have a thickness greater than 2mm, compared with 0.7mm for HPL. This added

thickness being comprised of further layers of phenolic resin-impregnated kraft paper, giving Compact

laminate its superior impact resistance.

Whereas HPL is designed to be bonded to supporting substrates, Compact laminate is a solid grade and

self-supporting.

Applications

Compact laminates are distinguished by a black core, as well as their durable and structurally sound

material. Compact Laminate is water-resistant, making them ideal for commercial and public areas such
as toilet and bathroom partitions, and requires little maintenance. Compact laminates can also be used for

high traffic areas such as office desks, partitions and hospitality spaces.

Melamine – LPM, Low-Pressure Melamine

Structure and Manufacturing Process

Melamine, otherwise known as LPM (Low-Pressure Melamine) is generally offered in panel form.

It consists of decorative paper impregnated with melamine resin which is bonded directly to particleboard

or MDF (Medium Density Fibreboard) substrate. No adhesives are used in making melamine panels as

the resins in the paper “fuse” the paper onto the board.

Unlike laminate, the melamine manufacturing process works with low press pressures between 2-3MPa,

and high temperatures between 170-190°C. As melamine paper is specifically engineered to be thermally

fused to a substrate, it does not have the kraft paper core found in laminate, thus impact resistance of

melamine is lower.

Applications

Melamine panels can be used in vertical, low impact, or low wear applications – but not typically in

horizontal applications. Melamine panels are commonly used for store fixtures and office furniture in

commercial applications, as well as residential utilisation through bathroom vanities, entertainment

centres and closet shelving systems.

Substrates

MDF, Medium Density Fibreboard (incl. Low-Density MDF, LDF)

An engineered wood composite, with a uniform density across the panel and smooth surface free of knots

and grains.
Manufactured from pine fibre and a bonding resin, compressed under high pressures up to 350MPa, and

temperatures over 200°C to the desired thickness and density.

Particleboard

A more economical alternative to MDF, Particleboard is a wood composite with a uniform density across

the panel, without the weight, and subsequently strength of MDF.

Particleboard is comprised of wood chips and particles mixed with a bonding resin in a three-layer

arrangement. Larger flakes and chips in the core, and smaller particles forming the surface, compressed

under pressures up to 3.5MPa and temperatures of 170°C.

Choice of application determines final product and substrate – consider factors such as moisture levels,

traffic exposure and vertical or horizontal installation to correctly specify HPL, LPM or Compact

laminate.

Hexa Grip Birch Plywood inspection,quality control ,sourcing ,testing 

WISA-Hexa Grip is a plywood panel coated with brown film and imprinted with a hexagonal pattern

intended for use as flooring in the transport industry, i.e. trailers and horse boxes and building

applications such as warehouses, loading platforms and scaffolding. WISA-Hexa Grip is the best choice

when slip resistant or decorative flooring is needed. Phenolic resin cross-bonded weather resistant gluing

according to EN 314-2/class 3. Brown phenolic resin film with a 10 mm diameter hexagonal pattern.

Smooth phenolic moisture barrier with imprinted text “WISA Special Plywoods”. Edge protection: Acryl-

based paint.
Properties:

Decorative flooring panel

Wear resistant

Slip resistant

End-uses:

Vans

Trailers

Horse trailers

Scaffolding

Loading platforms

Stages, stands, terraces

Sports and playground facilities

Laminates Profile wrapping, edgebanding, softforming or formable laminate

high pressure continuous belt technology to thermally fuse resin impregnated dècor papers to treated

backer papers. Our process creates a unique range of formable decorative laminates.

 Decorative face papers are impregnated with thermoset resins and are thermally fused to special

backers in a continuous double belt press.

 Available in a wide range of colors, wood grains, abstracts and surface finishes to complement

existing North American high and low pressure laminate manufacturers.

 Surface performances are similar to TFL, HPL, and Laminate Flooring depending on customers’

specifications.

 Outperforms other surface treatments such as vinyl foils and topcoat papers in wear, scuff, stain and

heat resistance.
 

 Visually preferable with high degree of color clarity and warm rich, authentic textures

 OLON Antimicrobial Protection is available

 Applied as a pre-finished decorative laminate for furniture, cabinets, fixtures and profile wrapped

moldings.

 Excellent machinability, longer tool life, less chipping

 Custom laminating of various surface materials to specialty backers manufactured to customer’s

specification
What is formaldehyde free wood based panel? How to choose formaldehyde free wood based panel?

What is formaldehyde free wood based panel? How to choose formaldehyde free wood based panel?

With the increasing attention to formaldehyde and environmental protection in the market, leading

enterprises in customized furniture industry have launched formaldehyde free and environment-friendly

wood-based panels. But at present, the knowledge about formaldehyde free wood-based panel in the

market is very little. As an ordinary consumer, it is difficult to distinguish the authenticity of the words

“formaldehyde free” and “0 aldehyde” publicized by formaldehyde free wood-based panel manufacturers.

In fact, the production of formaldehyde free wood-based panel has very strict requirements at the present

stage, which needs to integrate a series of research and development of production raw materials. When

consumers choose wood-based panel or customization, they can also find out the production situation of

the enterprise through other ways, such as whether they focus on the production of formaldehyde free

wood-based panel, whether there are enough convincing authoritative test reports, which are strong

evidence to measure the environmental protection of wood-based panel.

What is formaldehyde free wood based panel? How to choose formaldehyde free wood based panel?

1. Definition of formaldehyde free wood based panel

The standard name of formaldehyde free wood-based panel is formaldehyde free wood-based panel. The

specific definition refers to that no formaldehyde containing components are added in the production

process of wood-based panel, including but not limited to adhesives, concealing agents and other

substances used in the production of wood-based panel. But formaldehyde free wood-based panels in the

production process is allowed to contain trace formaldehyde in the raw material itself, not absolutely no

formaldehyde. Don’t misunderstand this point. According to the regulations, the formaldehyde emission

limit of formaldehyde free wood-based panel produced by formaldehyde free wood-based panel
manufacturers is 0.03mg/l, which is very low compared with 0.5mg/l of E0 standard and 1mg / L of E1

environmental protection standard,

2. Certification of formaldehyde free wood based panel

At present, the international authoritative formaldehyde free exemption certification includes carbnaf and

epanaf in the United States. However, their detection and certification of formaldehyde free wood-based

panels are only for plain wood-based panels, not including the wood-based panels after pressing. And our

consumers in the decoration are used after finishing treatment, in contrast, wood-based panel core and

finishing are formaldehyde free products, will be more environmentally friendly.

At present, the only formaldehyde free certification in China is formaldehyde free wood-based panel

certification issued by China Forest Products Industry Association. Among the first batch of enterprises

approved by China Forest Products Industry Association, such as the new solid wood without

formaldehyde launched by youyou formaldehyde free space, this kind of wood-based panel with

formaldehyde free finish including base material and finish.

3. Types of formaldehyde free wood-based panels

The types of wood-based panels used by different manufacturers of formaldehyde free wood-based panels

are also different. The wood-based panels on the market include solid wood multi-layer wood-based

panels, Hexiang wood-based panels made from wheat straw, formaldehyde free OSB wood-based panels,

and some high-grade wood-based panels. For example, the new formaldehyde free solid wood with

excellent formaldehyde free space belongs to solid wood splicing wood-based panel. The seamless

splicing technology will be more moisture-proof and mothproof, and also greatly reduce the deformation

rate.
The existence of formaldehyde free wood-based panel is of great significance. With the popularization, it

is also a good standard for the benefit of people. I hope that the above explanation can help you know

more about formaldehyde free wood-based panel and know how to distinguish the authenticity of

formaldehyde free wood-based panel.

The new standard of formaldehyde emission limit for wood based panels officially implemented in 2021

The new standard of formaldehyde emission limit for wood based panels officially implemented in 2021

It is understood that the new standard is the only mandatory national standard in China’s wood-based

panel and its products industry. The revised “formaldehyde emission limit of wood-based panels and their

products in interior decoration materials” (gb18580-2017) improves the requirement of formaldehyde

emission limit, unifies the formaldehyde emission limit value to 0.124mg/m3, and cancels the original E2

level.

As for the plate standard, the popular standard on the market generally has grade e and F. Grade E is a

common definition of formaldehyde content in board in the world. It was first formulated by egger

company (egger company) and gradually adopted as the European standard. Class F originated from

Japan and is divided into four grades, but it is higher than class E. In recent years, the international

organization for Standardization (ISO), the European Union, the United States and Japan constantly

update the formaldehyde emission limit standards of wood-based panels and their products, and put

forward higher requirements for formaldehyde emission limit.

Plywood Formaldehyde Emissions E0,E2, E1, CARB P2,EPA TSCA and F4 Star

Formaldehyde is used in glue in the manufacture of wood based panels including plywood, particle board

and MDF. It is used for the formulation of wood-based panel adhesives and very hard to substitute.

Formaldehyde release is very high in newly manufactured plywood. So it is important to control the

quality of glue used for plywood.

Plywood Formaldehyde Emission MR ,E2,E1,E0,CARB,EPA,F****,CE ,ISO,GT

E1 E2 – European Standard

E1 & E2 are the formadehyde emission standard originated from Germany. It was created by Egger

Company. The academic use this standard then the whole EU use it as industrial standard. The highest is

E1.

E0 – Non Exisisting

E0 is a non-standard which some Chinese business created for promotion of their products. No

governments or organization recognize E0 as a standard. No matter how low the formaldehyde is, it is

still E1.

F☆☆☆☆ – Highest Standard in World

It is Japanese plywood standard of formaldehyde emission. The F☆☆☆☆ defines highest quality

plywood and wood flooring.

CARB P2 – Standard From California

It requires the formaldehyde to be lower than 0.08ppm for hardwood plywood. Not only the products, the

factory, exporter, importer and distributor has to follow the protocol. The factory has to setup lab for

testing plywood. And all shipments must bear the specific label stating the CARB grade.

Formaldehyde Test By Desiccator

Formaldehyde Detection
 Standard Emmison Level Using

E0 ≤0.5mg/L Interior

E1 ≤1.5mg/L Interior

E2 ≤5.0mg/L Interior after lamination

F4-Star ≤0.3mg/L Not Limited

How do I make formaldehyde requirement before I place order to my plywood supplier in China?

1. Buying plywood for furniture and interior decor

Better to be E1

2. Buying Packaging Plywood

E1/E2 is fine. Focus more on the bond strength and weather resistance.

3. Film Faced Plywood

E1/E2 is fine. Focus more on the bond strength and water boiling proof.

E0 E1 E2 F4 what is it? Environmental protection standard formaldehyde emission

E0 E1 E2 F4 what is it? Environmental protection standard formaldehyde emission

E0 E1 E2 F4 (F assumes level) are representative of formaldehyde Market board released a limited level

of environmental standards now (such as particleboard, plywood, MDF, formaldehyde content released

many).
E0 E1 E2 F assumes a standard and a brief overview:

The original E1, E2 of the two standard produced in Germany, later cited as a European standard; in July

1, 2002 China promulgated and implemented the “interior decoration decoration materials harmful

substances limited 10 mandatory national standards”, also is the E1 level, E2 level, China’s current

national standard for the highest level of E1, a lot of furniture on the market now to achieve this standard;

The E0 standard was produced in Japan, is the most stringent environmental standards, equivalent to

Europe’s highest standard E (1 / 2);

“F 4” originated in Japan and the laws and regulations, is Japan’s “F, you can feel the certification

standard”, is Japan’s highest standard floor health level, more is considered to be the healthiest

international standard floor. If in accordance with the usual E1 and E0 standards, then the “F3 star” is

equivalent to the national standard E0, it is recommended to limit the use area, “F 4” is much higher than

the “F3 star”, no restrictions on the use of the area.

Some people say that E0 is the enterprise standard, E1 is an international standard, E2 is the national

standard, but also without reason, the general domestic standards are a little lower than the European

standard. E0 and F assumes that there is only Japan, Finland two countries enforce, on the other countries

are spontaneous standards, rather than mandatory standards. So it is true that there is no E0 standard in

the European market.

In the national drinking water hygiene standards in our country, advance the implementation of

formaldehyde residue limit value of up to 0.9 mg/L, which means that the limited value of E0 as the

highest standards of indoor air, has the better health and safety standards related to food, drinking water

and other products. E0 level of health standards is the world’s indoor air formaldehyde pollution

minimum standards, even beyond the level of food safety. The requirements are so strict that the new

national standards only refer to it as a recommended standard for plate manufacturers.

E0 E1 E2 F numerical method assumes standard and qualified:

Desiccator method:

E0 formaldehyde release is less than 0.5mg/L, the E0 board can be directly used for indoor plate.
E1 formaldehyde release is less than 1.5mg/L, the E1 board can be directly used for indoor plate.

E2 formaldehyde release is less than 5.0mg/L, must allow for interior finishes treatment.

F assumes level formaldehyde emissions less than or equal to 0.3mg/L, F assumes no restrictions on the

use of the area.

Perforation extraction method:

E0 formaldehyde release is less than 3mg/100 grams, E0 plate can be directly used for indoor plate.

E1 formaldehyde release is less than 9mg/100 grams, E1 plate can be directly used for indoor plate.

E2 formaldehyde release is less than 30mg/100 grams, must allow for interior finishes treatment.

F assumes level formaldehyde emissions less than 1.8mg/100 grams, F assumes no restrictions on the use

of the area.

At present, particleboard, MDF is used in most of the two methods, but generally speaking, when the

content refers to content in desiccator method, that we have the product is less than 1.5mg/L.

In addition, by the way, the United States there is a standard P1, P2 to represent, P1 equivalent to E1, P2

close to E0.

Some people say that the detection of standard GB1850-2001, whether the veneer, different methods of

detection results have been compared in detail, the following conclusions:

1, the detection method for the extraction and drying method. Perforation extraction experimental results

are accurate, but the process is complex; drying method has the advantages of simple operation, but the

experimental apparatus, experimental operation or experimental conditions will bring great impact on the

experimental results, and the formaldehyde emission is far lower than the results measured by extraction

method.

2, before and after the veneer, due to the different detection methods, the results vary greatly. Before and

after the perforation extraction should be veneer has little effect on the extraction with liquid extraction

process of formaldehyde in the specimen has not much influence; after the veneer drying experiment of

specimen greatly reduce the formaldehyde emission, should be due to the release of formaldehyde
substrate surface due to narrow, visible veneer help to prevent the release of formaldehyde in the

substrate.

Thus, good finishes and edge treatment are beneficial to the environment, so the furniture not only look at

the price and style.

The content of 1.5mg/L E0 E1 E2 F assumes that what is the standard?

Although L is a unit of volume, but definitely not a decaliter sheet mean. According to the standard,

according to detection of formaldehyde release is “GB/T 17657-1999”, is a method of desiccator method,

specific operating procedures are boring, no details, explained by popular words, GB limited mean in the

20 + 2 C, 10 separate 150mmX50mm furniture plates 24 hours of release the formaldehyde dissolved in

300ml water, the concentration of formaldehyde in the solution of 300ml should not exceed 1.5mg/L.

This limit is only related to the area of the furniture plate, the establishment of indoor environmental

protection by conversion, roughly 20 + + / C, a square furniture plate formaldehyde emissions of not more

than 6 mg per hour, even if the standard of 24 mg

How to know that the E0 level plate:

First, of course, is to look at the quality inspection report, but generally only the plate factory will do this

report, only the people who can see into the plate, in general, the last real users rarely see. Now there are

few furniture factory in the absence of the requirements of the guests to take the initiative to do

formaldehyde detection.

Second, from the price resolution, E0 grade sheet, regardless of the production equipment, production

process and the quality of the adhesive are very high. Only an improvement in adhesive, an increase of

about 25% of the cost. Currently on the market price of E0 products in 160 yuan. The domestic real

ability to produce E0 plate manufacturers have a few? Only a handful, or the use of quality materials into

the board. If the same price A Jun said E0, B Jun said E1, it certainly will not be E0 level. Because the E0

level is much higher than the E1 requirements rather than a little bit, regardless of whether the E1 will be

sold, but at least that is the price of E0 he can not sell. Will be a penny of goods, do not cheap;

Purchase furniture matters needing attention:

(1) although the higher the level of formaldehyde is less, but also need to pay attention to the quantity of

use, not because of the standards of environmental protection use unlimited, because the housing space is

fixed, while the amount of overlap will also exceed the standard of environmental protection.

(2) because the plank of E0 class itself does not contain adhesive and moisture-proof agent, so its relative

moisture resistance and toughness will be decreased, so little for in the kitchen, bathrooms and other

damp environment.

(3) must be clear in the purchase of formaldehyde emission is only one of the important indicators to

strengthen the furniture, not the only product standards, should also consider other indicators.

(4) whether it is necessary to pursue a more strict “F assumes”? Wu Shengfu China director of Forestry

Industry Association marketing department believes that the decoration of the walls, ceiling, cabinets,

furniture may produce formaldehyde, in the life of clothing also contains formaldehyde, therefore, simply

the pursuit of one of environmental protection and can not solve the problem of indoor formaldehyde

superposition. Although the floor, furniture, paint separate tests are in line with national standards, but put

together is often prone to excessive formaldehyde accumulation.

Five types of glues and resins used for wood based panels

Five types of glues and resins used for wood based panels .

› Urea-Formaldehyde (UF). Liquid resins for use in the timber industry. Their application is directly

designed for manufacturing particle boards or MDF, plywood and veneer wood.

› Melamine Urea-Formaldehyde (MUF). Just as urea-formaldehyde resins, melamine urea-formaldehyde

resins are used in the timber industry for manufacturing particle boards, plywood and veneer wood.

› Melamine-Formaldehyde (MF). These liquid resins are intended for paper impregnation in the furniture

and flooring industry.

› Phenol-Formaldehyde (PF).Intended for manufacturing plywood boards and Kraft paper impregnation

as well as for the foundry industry.

› Furan resins (FR). These liquid resins, composed of furfuryl alcohol and phenol, are used as cast

bonding agents in the foundry industry.

Phenol Formaldehyde Glue

Phenol Formaldehyde Glue

Phenol Formaldehyde glue is the most commonly used glue in WATERPROOF contruction panels,

beams and including many of the marine plywoods.

Here is a link to my page on Marine plywood standards and grades.

It is not easily available to home builders because it needs high pressure and temperature to cure.

What is Phenol Formaldehyde Glue

Phenol formaldehyde resins (PF) are a class of synthetic polymers produced by the reaction of phenol (an

alcohol derived from benzine) with formaldehyde (derived from methane.)

Although the Phenol commonly used by manufacturers comes from petrochemical sources, Research is

ongoing to use Bio Oil from Pyrolysis sources to make the PF resin thus reducing dependence on fossil

fuels. This is not used commercially at this time.

Bakelite, which is one of the first synthetic plastics that was widely manufactured, is a phenol

formaldehyde resin. It was widely used as a moulding material and appeared in kitchen ware, clear

coloured plastic objects such as hair bush handles, decorative boxes and countless other early plastic

manufactured items. Early telephones were moulded from Bakelite.

Micarta, the plastic impregnated brown linen cloth board, is another early Phenol Formaldehyde product

that has withstood the test of time.

PF is highly cross-linked and this makes the cured resin, hard, thermally stable and highly chemically

resistant and waterproof.

Once the resin has set, it can no longer be reshaped except by mechanical methods such as drilling or

machining.

Phenol Formaldehyde is also sometimes called phenolic resin.

Both Urea formaldehyde and Phenol formaldehyde products outgass formaldehyde after manufacture.

Phenol formaldehyde does considerably less outgassing. For this reason it is sometimes recommended

that construction grade plywood and wood panels which contain phenol formaldehyde, be substituted for

furniture grade plywood which contains urea formaldehyde. Outgassing decreases substantially over time.

Here is an article that talks about outgassing of formaldehyde gas in wood products.

Any chemistry lover can read this article from Wikipedia.

What is Phenol Formaldehyde Used For?

Phenol Formaldehyde resins make superior wood adhesives and are widely used glues for construction

grade wood panels such as plywood and oriented strand boards which need to be waterproof.

Part of the success of these adhesive resins is due to the formation of bonds between the glue and the

phenol-like lignin which is a natural component of wood.

Phenol Resins are also used for moulding objects which can be insulating and heat-resistant. In that case

various fillers are added such as fabric, fibres and flakes. Some uses are heat resistant appliance handles,

distributor caps and brake linings. Snooker balls and circuit boards are other phenolic resin products.

Britannica Encyclopedia article on Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin

The Chemical Company supplies phenolic resins to industry. It has an explanation of the 2 types of

phenolic resins available: Novolacs and Resoles. Resoles are the resins used primarily for plywood and

wood glues.

It’s interesting to note that old fashioned blood glues owed their water resistance to their natural phenolic

content.

Resorcinol based glue also owes its moisture resistance to naturally occuring phenols.

What are the Advantages of Phenol Formaldehyde glue?

Type I moisture resistance is a stellar quality. This means that the glue resists to the boiling test where a

sample is subjected to several cycles of boiling and drying. This superior water resistance makes the

adhesive BS 1088, BS 6566 and AS/NZS 2272 compliant. Other factors come in play, such as the quality

of the veneers, but the glue is acceptable for marine and exterior use.

Sets hard and rigid.

Phenol Formaldehyde has been around for long enough to have proved itself over the long term.

Phenol Formaldehyde reacts with natural phenol-like lignin found in wood to improve glue to wood bond.
What are the Disadvantages of Phenol Formaldehyde (Phenolic resin) Glue

It requires heat and pressure to cure.

It is not readily available for amateur or small woodworkers because of the machinery required to provide

heat and pressure.

Phenol Formaldehyde must be used in a well ventilated area because uncured resin is irritating and can be

toxic. Once cured it outgasses formaldehyde. Outgassing is less than in urea formaldehyde adhesives

though, and diminishes considerably with time.

It is darkly coloured and can be seen in the seam of marine and exterior plywood.

It needs good contact and pressure to make a solid bond and it is not a very good gap filling material.

It is more expensive than Urea Formaldehyde glue which explains why it is not used for all plywood.

So can Phenol Formaldehyde be used in Boatbuilding?

It is widely used in boatbuilding but only to put together the plywood that is supplied. Since it requires

heat and pressure few wood workers are equipped to handle it.

Resorcinol glue is a very close relative of phenolic glues and it is available to woodworkers. It is strong,

cures at room temperature and is highly waterproof. It is made from naturally occuring phenolic

compounds.
Phenolic Resins

phenol formaldehyde (PF) resins for engineered wood products. Benefits include:

 Highly moisture-resistant and durable

 Fast-cure catalyst technology

 High productivity

 Regionally specific formulations

 Formulations that meet or exceed ASTM, CSA and other global regulatory standards

Applications:

 Plywood

 Laminated veneer lumber

melamine plywood buying guide Part 3

ormaldehyde emission testing problem in melamine impregnated paper facing wood based panel

Formaldehyde problem

Melamine itself has little toxicity and is relatively stable. It will not be free toxic after curing. The air

pollution of melamine board for furniture production depends on the plywood, medium density board or
particleboard base material used for melamine board. If the formaldehyde emission of the base material

reaches the environmental protection standard, melamine will not aggravate the material pollution. The

melamine board has no smell, but the inferior MDF, Plywood , coating adhesive or additive contain

formaldehyde, etc Emanating matter. There is no board without formaldehyde, but the accumulation of a

variety of furniture is easy to make the house formaldehyde exceed the standard after decoration.

Therefore, it is necessary to keep ventilation for several months after decoration, and move in after the

harmful gas in the air reaches the national standard.

RESIN FOR IMPREGNATION OF DECORATIVE PAPERS

Impregnated decorative paper is high quality special paper that has started to be widely used facing

material for industrial grade particleboards.

Melamine and urea resins for the impregnation of decorative papers, used for short cycle lamination of

surfaces in the wood industry.

Modified melamine formaldehyde resins for impregnation of decorative papers with a solid content from

52% to 62%.

Modified urea formaldehyde resin for impregnation of decorative papers.

Modified melamine formaldehyde resin for impregnation of decorative papers, suitable for production of

postforming laminates.

NAF/ULEF

No-added formaldehyde (NAF) or ultra-low emitting formaldehyde (ULEF) products. The California Air

Resources Board (CARB) has issued these facilities an executive order approving the use of NAF/ULEF
resins, and they meet all the requirements of CARB ATCM 93120 and EPA TSCA Title VI under the

oversight of a third-party certifier (TPC).

Types of plywood glue

Types of plywood glue

（ 1 ） According to the different composition of the glue, there are several kinds of glue for building

plywood as follows:

Urea formaldehyde glue: moisture-proof glue / used for interior decoration and furniture, not for outdoor

use.

Melamine glue: dampproof, water resistant, climate resistant / can be used outdoors or indoors, but not

often soaked in water.

Phenolic glue: moisture-proof, excellent water boiling resistance, weather resistance / can be used

outdoors or indoors, can withstand outdoor wind and rain.

（2） According to the environmental protection grade, the glue used for plywood can be divided into E0

grade, E1 grade and E2 grade (as well as the unqualified glue that can’t even reach E2 grade). E0 is the

highest environmental protection level. The plywood made of E1 grade glue can be directly used indoors.

High quality urea formaldehyde glue / melamine glue / phenol formaldehyde glue can reach grade E0 and

E1, that is to say, they can be directly used indoors.

（3） Environmental protection suggestions:

1. If you want to make general indoor wood products, you can use E1 (or even E0) urea formaldehyde

glue; if you want to make the wood products more waterproof and moisture-proof, you can use E1 (or

even E0) melamine glue.

2. If you want to make wood products for outdoor use, you can use E1 (or even E0) phenolic glue.

Plywood Specifications – Gluelines

Plywood Specifications – Gluelines

Type A Bond

Produced from a Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) resin, which sets permanently under controlled heat and

pressure. This forms to create a permanent bond that will not deteriorate under wet conditions, cold or

heat. This bond is recognisable by its distinct black colour.

Type A bond is specified in AS/NZS 2272 for marine plywood, AS/NZS 2271 for exterior plywood used

under conditions of long term full exposure or under wet or damp conditions.

Type B Bond

Produced from Melamine Fortified Urea Formaldehyde (MUF) resin, which sets permanently under

controlled heat and pressure. The exterior plywood standard includes Type B bond and is suitable for

application involving concrete formwork plywood that is stamped with the EWPAA Approved B bond

stamp.

Type C & D Bonds

Both the C and D bond glue lines are both interior bonds. Type A bonded plywood should be used for

areas of doubtful moisture conditions, such as areas around vanity units, sinks, and laundry tubs.
Exterior Bond

Produced for exterior use with a phenolic resin adhesive.

Types of Laminates

In this article are are going to take a look at the various types of decorative laminates, and the different

ways in which these laminates are usually classified.

But for starters here’s a brief word first about what laminates are.

Decorative Laminates (a blend of paper and plastic resins) are hard and brittle sheets having a thickness

of around 1 mm, and are widely used as an overlay over wood, such as in the case of laminated table tops,

wood panels, or other wooden furniture. The sheets have a decorative surface (made using decorative

printed paper) and are manufactured in a wide variety of colours, design patterns and textures.

Classification of Laminates based on Manufacturing Process

HPL and LPL

The decorative laminate manufacturing process involves soaking brown paper, decorative paper, and

translucent paper in plastic based resins. The brown paper which forms the base is soaked in phenol

formaldehyde, while the other two papers are soaked in melamine resin. The soaked papers after drying

become hard and brittle. These papers are then pressed and bonded together under high pressure and

temperature. Depending on the amount of pressure used in the bonding process, laminates can be

classified as HPL (High Pressure Laminates) or LPL (Low Pressure Laminates).

High pressure laminates (HPL) such as those manufactured under the brand names of Sunmica or

Formica, are hard decorative sheets that are commonly fixed by carpenters over plywood while making

the furniture. In the case of Low Pressure Laminates (LPL) only the decorative paper is soaked in

Melamine resin, and the laminated paper is then directly bonded to Particle Boards or Fiber Boards (MDF

and HDF).

Regular Laminate sheets and Compact Laminates

The regular laminate sheets usually have a thickness that ranges from 0.6 mm to 1.5 mm, and these sheets

are glued by carpenters to substrate materials such as plywood using common adhesives like Fevicol.

There are also other thicker types of laminates manufactured called Compact Laminates which have a

thickness ranging from 3 mm to 30 mm. These Compact Laminates are self-supporting and hence do not

need to be glued to woods or any other material. Both the top and bottom sides of compact laminates have

decorative surfaces.

Types based on usage

Based on the final or intended use of the product, the laminates are of two types viz. Decorative and

Industrial. For decorative laminates the look and feel are the important aspects as they are commonly

used to decorate and protect wooden furniture, while for industrial laminates the focus is more on having

a surface that has higher strength, higher resistance to scratches and wear and tear, and which is very

durable. Industrial use products such as circuit boards are made using industrial laminate materials.

Classification of Laminates based on Surface Finish

Since Decorative Laminates are artificially created surfaces, they have a large variety in colours,

patterns and textures. Based on the surface finishing of the sheets, decorative laminates can be

classified as solid colour, floral patterns, gloss finished, matt finish laminates, wooden finish

laminates (which has designs that look like wood).