BINOMIAL ASSIGNMENT 1

BINOMIAL THEOREY
1. Expand:

(i) (1 − x + x 2 ) in powers of x
4

(ii) (1 + x + x 2 ) in powers of x
3

( ) ( )
6 6
x +1 + x −1 + x +1 − x −1
2. Evaluate:
9
 4x 5 
3. (i) Find the 7 term in the expansion of  − 
th
 5 2x 
12
 x 3a 
(ii) Find the 9 term in the expansion of  − 2 
th
a x 

(iii) Find ‘a’ if the 17th and 18th terms of the expansion ( 2 + a ) are equal.
50

(iv) Find the rth term from end in ( x + a ) .

n

4. Find the coefficient of

i. x 5 in the expansion of ( x + 3)
6

11
 3
10
ii. x in the expansion of  2 x 2 −  , x  0
 x

iii. x10 in the expansion of ( x 2 − 2 )

11

11 11
 1   1 
5. Find the coefficient of x in  ax 2 +  and that of x −7 in  ax − 2  and then find the relation
7

 bx   bx 
between a and b so that these coefficients are equal, none of a, b and x is zero.
1024
 12 1

6. Find the number of integral terms in the expansion of  5 + 7 8 
 
(a) 102 (b) 124 (c) 158 (d) 129

(i) Find coefficient of x3 in the expansion of (1 + 2 x ) (1 − x )

6 7
7.

(ii) Find the coefficient of x5 in the expansion of (1 + x ) (1 − x )

3 6

Expand (1 + x )
n +1
8. , when x = 8. Deduce that 9n +1 − 8n − 9 is divisible by 64 for all n  N
BINOMIAL 2

9. If n is a positive integer, show that

(i) 4n − 3n − 1 is divisible by 9
(ii) 32 n + 2 − 8n − 9 is divisible by 64
(iii) xn − y n is divisible by x – y

(iv) x 2 n+1 + y 2 n+1 is divisible by x + y

10. Find remainder when 599 is divided by 13.
11. Find remainder when 9100 is divided by 8

Find last three digits in ( 29 )

100
12.

13. Find digit at units place in 181808 − 81808 + 111008

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3

( )
20
14. Let R = 8 + 3 7 then prove that

(a) [R] is odd where [.] is GIF

1
(b) R = 1 − where {.} is fractional part
( )
20
8+3 7

In the expansion of (1 + x ) , the sum of the coefficient of odd powers of x is

50
15.
(a) 0 (b) 249 (c) 250 (d) 251
BINOMIAL 3

Answers Key
1. (i) 1 − 4 x + 10 x 2 − 16 x3 + 19 x 4 − 16 x5 + 10 x 6 − 4 x 7 + x8 (ii) 1 + 3x + 6 x 2 + 7 x3 + 6 x 4 + 3x5 + x 6
a4
2. 16 x (14 x − 3)
10500
C4 .3 . 12 , 1, n Cr −1 ( x ) .a n − r +1
2 12 8 r −1
3. ,
x3 x
4. 18, 28.35.55 , 29568 5. ab = 1 6. d 7. -43, -6
10. 8 11. 1 12. 001 13. b 15. b
Solutions
1. Expand:

(i) (1 − x + x 2 ) in powers of x
4

(ii) (1 + x + x 2 ) in powers of x
3

(
(i) (1 − x + x 2 ) = (1 + x 2 ) − ( x ) )
4 4
Sol:

= 4C0 (1 + x 2 ) + 4C1 (1 + x 2 ) ( − x ) + 4C2 (1 + x 2 ) ( − x ) + 4C3 (1 + x 2 ) ( − x ) + 4C4 ( − x )

4 3 1 2 2 3 4

= (1 + x 4 + 2 x 2 ) − 4 x (1 + x 6 + 3x 2 + 3x 4 ) + 6 x 2 (1 + x 4 + 2 x 2 ) − 4 x3 (1 + x 2 ) + x 4
2

= 1 − 4 x + 10 x 2 − 16 x3 + 19 x 4 − 16 x5 + 10 x 6 − 4 x 7 + x8

(ii) (1 + x + x 2 ) = ( (1 + x ) + x 2 )
3 3

= 3C0 (1 + x ) + 3C1 (1 + x ) x 2 + 3C2 (1 + x ) ( x 2 ) + 3C3 ( x 2 )

3 2 1 2 3

= (1 + x3 + 3x + 3x 2 ) + 3x 2 (1 + x 2 + 2 x ) + 3 x 4 (1 + x ) + x 6
= 1 + 3x + 6 x 2 + 7 x3 + 6 x 4 + 3x5 + x 6

( ) ( )
6 6
x +1 + x −1 + x +1 − x −1
2. Evaluate:
Sol: Here,

( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ... (1)
6 6 5 1 6
x + 1 + x −1 = 6C0 x + 1 + 6C1 x +1 x − 1 + .... + 6C6 x −1

( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ..... ( 2 )
6 6 5 1 6
x +1 − x −1 =6 C0 x + 1 − 6C1 x +1 x − 1 + .... + 6C6 x −1

Adding (1) and (2), we get

BINOMIAL 4

( ) ( )
6 6
x +1 + x −1 + x +1 − x −1

= 2  6 C0 ( x + 1) + 6C2 ( x + 1) ( x − 1) + 6C4 ( x + 1)( x − 1) + 6C6 ( x − 1) 

3 2 2 3
 
= 16 x (14 x 2 − 3)
9
 4x 5 
3. (i) Find the 7 term in the expansion of  − 
th
 5 2x 
12
 x 3a 
(ii) Find the 9 term in the expansion of  − 2 
th
a x 

(iii) Find ‘a’ if the 17th and 18th terms of the expansion ( 2 + a ) are equal.
50

(iv) Find the rth term from end in ( x + a ) .

n

9
 4x 5 
Sol: (i) Given,  − 
 5 2x 
9−k
 −5 
k
 4x 
General term Tk +1 = 9Ck    
 5   2x 
For 7th term, putting k = 6

 4 x   −5 
3 6

T7 = 9C6    
 5   2x 
10500
=
x3

12
 x 3a 
(ii) Given,  − 2 
a x 
12 − k
 −3a 
k
x
General term Tk +1 = Ck  
12
 2 
a  x 
For 9th term, putting k = 8

 x   −3a 
4 8

T9 = C8    2 
12

a  x 
a4
= 12C4 .38. 12
x
BINOMIAL 5

(iii) Given, ( 2 + a )
50

General term, Tk +1 = 50Ck ( 2 ) (a)

50 − k k

Given, 17th and 18th term are equal

 50C16 .234.a16 = 50C17 .233.a17
50
C16
a= 50
2
C17
2
 a= =1
2

(iv) Given, ( x + a )
n

As rth term from end is ( n − r + 2 ) term from beginning

th

 Tn − r + 2 = T( n − r +1)+1

= nCn − r +1 ( x ) (a)
n − n + r −1 n − r +1

= nCr −1 ( x )
r −1
.a n − r +1

4. Find the coefficient of

i. x 5 in the expansion of ( x + 3)
6

11
 3
ii. x 10
in the expansion of  2 x 2 −  , x  0
 x

iii. x10 in the expansion of ( x 2 − 2 )

11

( x + 3)
6
Sol: (i) Given,

 Tk +1 = 6Ck x6−k .3k

For coefficient of x 5
6−k =5
 k =1
⸫ Coefficient of x 5 is
= 6C1.31
= 18
BINOMIAL 6

11
 3
(ii) Given,  2x 2 − 
 x

 −3 
k

 Tk +1 = Ck ( 2 x
11
)
2 11− k
 
 x 
= 11Ck .211− k .x 22−2 k . ( −3) .x − k
k

= 11Ck .211− k . ( −3) .x 22−3k

k

For coefficient of x10

22 − 3k = 10
3k = 12
k =4
⸫ Coefficient of x10 is

= 11C4 .27 ( −3)

4

= 28.35.55

(iii) Given, ( x 2 − 2 )
11

 Tk +1 = 11Ck ( x 2 )
11− k
( −2 )
k

= 11Ck ( −2 ) x 22−2 k
k

For coefficient of x10 is

22 − 2k = 10
2k = 12
k =6
⸫ Coefficient of x10 is

= 11C6 ( −2 )
6

= 29568
11 11
 1   1 
5. Find the coefficient of x 7 in  ax 2 +  and that of x −7 in  ax − 2  and then find the relation
 bx   bx 
between a and b so that these coefficients are equal, none of a, b and x is zero.
11 k
 1  11− k  1 
Sol: For  ax 2 +  , Tk +1 = 11Ck ( ax 2 )  
 bx   bx 
1 22−3k
= 11Cr a11− k x
bk
BINOMIAL 7

For x7 , 22 − 3k = 7
3k = 15
k =5
1
 T6 = 11C5 a 6  5  x 7
b 
11
 1  a5
Similarly, coefficient of x −7
in  ax − 2  is C6 6
11

 bx  b

a 6 11 a5
Given that 11 C5 = C6 6
b5 b
1
a=
b
or ab = 1
1024
 12 1

6. Find the number of integral terms in the expansion of  5 + 7 8 
 
(a) 102 (b) 124 (c) 158 (d) 129
Ans: (d)
1024
 1 1

Sol: Given,  5 2 + 7 8 
 

 Tk +1 = 1024Ck ( 51/2 ) (7 )
1024 − k 1/8 k

1024 − k k
= 1024Ck 5 2
78
Here, for integral terms
1024 − k k
and both have to be integer.
2 2
Thus,
k = 0,8,16, 24,....1024
Thus total 129 terms

(i) Find coefficient of x3 in the expansion of (1 + 2 x ) (1 − x )

6 7
7.

(ii) Find the coefficient of x5 in the expansion of (1 + x ) (1 − x )

3 6

(i) Given, (1 + 2 x ) (1 − x )
6 7
Sol:
BINOMIAL 8

(1 + 2 x ) (1 − x )
6 7
= ( C + C ( 2x ) + C ( 2x )
6
0
6
1
1 6
2
2
+ ... )( C − C x + C x
7
0
7
1
7
2
2
+ ...)

Now for coefficient of x3, following cases are possible

x3 x0 , x2 x1 , x1 x 2 , x0 x3
Thus coefficient of x3 is

= 6C3 ( 2 ) . 7C0 + 6C2 ( 2 ) . 7C1 ( −1) + 6C1 ( 2 ) . 7C2 ( −1) + 6C6 . 7C3 ( −1)
3 2 1 1 2 3

= 160 − 420 + 252 − 35

= −43

(ii) Given, (1 + x ) (1 − x )
3 6

For coefficient of x5 following cases are possible

x3 x 2 , x 2 x3 , x1 x 4 , x0 x5
Thus coefficient of x5 is

= 3C3 . 6C2 ( −1) + 3C2 .6 C3 ( −1) + 3C1.6 C4 ( −1) + 3C0 . 6C5 ( −1)
2 3 4 5

= 15 − 60 + 45 − 6
= −6

Expand (1 + x )
n +1
8. , when x = 8. Deduce that 9n +1 − 8n − 9 is divisible by 64 for all n  N

Given, (1 + x )
n +1
Sol:

(1 + x )
n +1
= n +1C0 + n +1C1 x + n +1C2 x 2 + .... + n +1Cn +1 x n +1

Putting x = 8, we get
9n +1 = n +1C0 + n +1C1.8 + n +1C2 .82 + .... + n +1Cn +1 8( n +1)
9n +1 = 1 + 8 ( n + 1) + 82 ( n +1
C2 + n +1C3 8 + .... + n +1Cn +1 8(
n −1)
)
9n +1 − 8n − 9 = 64 ( Integer )

 9n+1 − 8n − 9 is divisible by 64 for all n  N

9. If n is a positive integer, show that
(i) 4n − 3n − 1 is divisible by 9
(ii) 32 n + 2 − 8n − 9 is divisible by 64
(iii) xn − y n is divisible by x – y

(iv) x 2 n+1 + y 2 n+1 is divisible by x + y

BINOMIAL 9

Sol: (i) Given, 4n − 3n − 1

or (1 + 3) − 3n − 1
n

 nC0 + nC1 3 + nC2 32 + ... + nCn 3n − 3n − 1

 1 + 3n + nC2 32 + .... + nCn 3n − 3n − 1
 9 ( n C2 + nC3 .3 + nC4 32 + ... + nCn 3n − 2 )
 9 ( Integer for all n  N )

Hence proved that 4n − 3n − 1 is divisible by 9

(ii) Given, 32 n + 2 − 8n − 9

or ( 32 )
n +1
− 8n − 9

 (9)
n +1
− 8n − 9
 (1 + 8 )
n +1
− 8n − 9

 n +1C0 + n +1C1 8 + n +1C2 82 + n +1C3 83 + ... + n +1Cn +18n +1 − 8n − 9

 1 + 8 ( n + 1) + 64 ( n +1 C2 + n +1C3 8 + .... + n +1Cn +1 8n −1 ) − 8n − 9
 64 ( Integer for all n  N )

Hence proved that 32 n + 2 − 8n − 9 is divisible by 9

(iii) Given, xn − y n

 ( x − y + y ) − yn
n

 ( C ( x − y)
n
0
n
+ nC1 ( x − y )
n −1
y1 + nC2 ( x − y )
n−2
y 2 + .... + nCn −1 ( x − y ) y n −1 + nCn y n − y n )
 ( x − y )  n C0 ( x − y ) + nC1 ( x − y ) y + ... + nCn −1 y n −1 
n −1 n−2
 
 ( x − y )  Integer for all n  N 

Hence proved xn − y n is divisible by (x – y)

(iv) Given, x 2 n+1 + y 2 n+1

 ( x + y − y)
2 n +1
+ y 2 n +1
 ( 2 n +1
C0 ( x + y )
2 n +1
− 2 n +1C1 ( x + y ) . y + 2 n +1C2 ( x + y )
2n 2 n −1
y 2 + .... + 2 n +1C2 n ( x + y ) . y 2 n − 2 n +1C2 n +1 y 2 n +1 )
+ y 2 n +1
BINOMIAL 10

 ( x + y )  2 n +1 C0 ( x + y ) − 2 n +1C1 ( x + y ) . y + ... + 2 n +1C2 n y 2 n 

2n 2 n −1
 
 ( x + y )( Integer )

Hence proved
10. Find remainder when 599 is divided by 13.
Sol: Given, 599
599 = 5.598
= 5 ( 52 )
49

= 5 ( 26 − 1)
49

= 5  49 C0 .2649 − 49C1 2648 + 49C2 2647 − ... + 49C48 26 − 49C49 

= 5 13  k  − 5 ( where k is integer )

= 65k − 13 + 8
= 13 ( 5k − 1) + 8

Thus remainder when 599 is divided by 13 is 8

11. Find remainder when 9100 is divided by 8
Sol: Given, 9100

9100 = (1 + 8 )
100

= 100C0 + 100C1.8 + 100C2 82 + ... + 100C100 8100

= 1 + 8 ( 100 C1 + 100C2 8 + .... + 100C100 899 )
= 1 + 8k ( k is integer )
Thus, when 9100 is divided by 8 then remainder is 1

Find last three digits in ( 29 )

100
12.

Given, ( 29 )
100
Sol:

( 29 ) = ( 30 − 1)
100 100

= 100C0 30100 − 100C1 3099 + 100C2 3098 − .... + 100C98 ( 30 ) − 100C99 ( 30 ) + 100C100
2

= (a number having zero as last four digit) + 4455000 – 3000 + 1

= (a number having zero as last four digit) + 4452001
Thus last three digits are 001
13. Find digit at units place in 181808 − 81808 + 111008
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
BINOMIAL 11

Ans: (b)
Sol: Given, 181808 − 81808 + 111008

 (10 + 8 ) − 81808 + 111008

1808

 1808C0101808 + 1808C1101807.81 + ... + 1808C1808 81808 − 81808 + 111008

 10 ( k ) + 111008 ( where k is integer )
Thus digit at unit place will be 1 (as 11n has unit place digit as 1)

( )
20
14. Let R = 8 + 3 7 then prove that

(a) [R] is odd where [.] is GIF

1
(b) R = 1 − where {.} is fractional part
(8 + 3 7 )
20

( )
20
Sol: Given, R = 8 + 3 7

Let [R] = I, {R} = f

 R=I+ f (0  f  1)

( ) ( 0  G  1)
20
Let G = 8 − 3 7

Now,

( ) ( ) + .....
1 2
R = 20C80 820 + 20C1 819 3 7 + 20C2 818 3 7

(3 7 ) + (3 7 ) + ...
1 2
G = 20C0 820 − 20C1 819 20
C2 818

Adding both we get

R + G = 2  20 C0 820 + 20C2 818 3 7 ( ) + ...

2

 

 R + R + G = 2 ( k ) ( k isinteger )
Since 0  G  1 & 0  R  1

0  G +  R  2
 G +  R = 1

 R = 2k − 1 ( odd )
Also, ( R )( G ) = 1
BINOMIAL 12

G +  R = 1
R = 1 − G
1
R = 1 −
R
1
R = 1 −
(8 + 3 7 )
20

In the expansion of (1 + x ) , the sum of the coefficient of odd powers of x is

50
15.

(a) 0 (b) 249 (c) 250 (d) 251

Ans: (b)

Given, (1 + x )
50
Sol:

(1 + x ) = 50C0 + 50C1 x + 50C2 x 2 + ... + 50C50 x50 ..... (1)

50

(1 − x ) = 50C0 − 50C1 x + 50C2 x 2 + ... + 50C50 x50 ..... ( 2 )

50

Putting x = 1, and subtracting (1) and (2), we get

(1 + 1) − (1 − 1) = 2 ( 50 C1 + 50C3 + ... + 50C49 )

50 50

250 = 2 ( 50 C1 + 50C3 + ... + 50C49 )

50
C1 + 50C3 + .... + 50C49 = 249
⸫ Sum of coefficients with odd powers is 249
BINOMIAL 13