Name: Aneela Ashraf

Bc210422375

Statement of the Problem, Objectives and Hypotheses/Research Questions

Approved Topic:

Effect of Social Media on the Learning of Secondary School Students at

District Sargodha

Introduction:

Social media is a group of internet-based applications that allows everyone to create on and

exchange the different kind of content. . Social media is a raw term consisting of blogs,

microblogs, forums, dialogues, images, sound, video, network, social web profile, and other

social networks. We can also consider social media as a comprehensive umbrella term consisting

of network-based applications that enable users to create their content on social media and share

text, audio, video, image, setting individually or in groups. teenage students dominate social

media use worldwide, spending a substantial volume of their time on the internet on various

platforms. Students spend more time usually multi-tasking by visiting several sites accessing

volumes of content and gaming applications .

In addition, as an internal part of the rich school experience, it supports the informal side of

teacher, self-orientation and self-determination cell of the time and space, independent

opportunity to contact the peers and manage their learning .

Social networking sites and applications are widely used by students. They spend a lot of their

time on these sites as a part of their daily lives. Studies revealed that among the various age

groups of students, secondary school students number increasing day by day. However, Social

networking sites play a very important role in education. Indeed, students are afforded multiple

opportunities to improve learning and access the latest information by connecting with learning

groups and other educational systems. Students can also exchange information by connecting

with different individuals. This can have a positive impact on student learning outcomes . Social

media also has an impact on student mental health; which refers to their emotional,

psychological, and social well-being. However, despite their tremendous contributions to

knowledge acquisition, there is a need to determine whether such technologies are being used to

gain knowledge or for other purposes that may lead to the harmful effects of technology misuse.”

Further, spending a lot of time on social networking sites can lead to a sedentary lifestyle and a

decrease in daily physical activity levels, which in turn can render them vulnerable to

noncommunicable diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension . Additionally, social

media use has negative effects on mental health and can lead to depression and anxiety.

1.1 Statement of the Problem

There is a deviation, distraction and divided attention between social networking activities and

students' academic work. It is observed that students devote more attention to social media than
they do to their studies.Students always deal with scientific universe, so a small mutation of

science can effect on them in a huge level. Social media are one of the most recent scientific

achievements that they move into common bridge between students. It means students always

get in touch with each other through social media.

Being a teacher in secondary school in district sargodha to explore the potential effects of social

media on students’ affective traits, such as stress, anxiety, depression, and so on. The present

paper reviews the findings of the exemplary published works of research to shed light on the

positive and negative potential effects of the massive use of social media on students’ emotional

well-being. This review can be insightful for teachers who tend to take the potential

psychological effects of social media for granted. They may want to know more about the actual

effects of the over-reliance on and the excessive (and actually obsessive) use of social media on

students’ developing certain images of self and certain emotions which are not necessarily

positive. There will be implications for pre- and in-service teacher training and professional

development programs and all those involved in student affairs.

Social media has turned into an essential element of individuals’ lives including students in

today’s world of communication. Its use is growing significantly more than ever before

especially in the post-pandemic era, marked by a great. This growing population of social media

users is spending more and more time on social network

The use of social media is incomparably on the rise among students, influenced by the globalized

forms of communication and the post-pandemic rush to use multiple social media platforms for
education in different fields of study. Though social media has created tremendous chances for

sharing ideas and emotions, the kind of social support it provides might fail to meet students’

emotional needs, or the alleged positive effects might be short-lasting. In recent years, several

studies have been conducted to explore the potential effects of social media on students’

affective traits, such as stress, anxiety, depression, and so on. The present paper reviews the

findings of the exemplary published works of research to shed light on the positive and negative

potential effects of the massive use of social media on students’ emotional well-being. This

review can be insightful for teachers who tend to take the potential psychological effects of

social media for granted. They may want to know more about the actual effects of the over-

reliance on and the excessive use of social media on students’ developing certain images of self

and certain emotions which are not necessarily positive. There will be implications for pre- and

in-service teacher training and professional development programs and all those involved in

student affairs.

Social media has turned into an essential element of individuals’ lives including students in

today’s world of communication. Its use is growing significantly more than ever before

especially in the post-pandemic era, marked by a great revolution happening to the educational

systems. Recent investigations of using social media show that approximately 3 billion

individuals worldwide are now communicating via social meda is growing population of social

media users is spending more and more time on social network groupings, as facts and figures

show that individuals spend 2 h a day, on average, on a variety of social media applications,

exchanging pictures and messages, updating status, tweeting,

when students are affected by social media posts, especially due to the increasing reliance on

social media use in life, they may be encouraged to begin comparing themselves to others or

develop great unrealistic expectations of themselves or others, which can have adverse effects.

1.2:Research Objectives

The specific objectives of the study are as follows:

• To find out the significant difference between male and female higher secondary students in

social media activities.

• To find out the significant difference between various age students of higher secondary

students in social media activities.• To find out the significant difference between urban and rural

locations of higher secondary students in social media activities.

 To find out the ways to avoid anxiety and depression on students,

 To interact the students in physical academic activities to form them mentally active.
1.3 Research Questions

Specifically it sought to answer the following:

1.Does using social media cause type of losing the meaning of lessons to you?

2. How much time do students spend using social media?

3. What is the impact of social media on students’ academic performance?

4.Does using social media cause sometimes being absent in your class?

5.Does using social media cause type of losing patience to you during study?

6.Does using social media effect on your final grade

LITERATURE REVIEW
1 in this paper the following areas will be reviewed

;  The concept of social media

 Students’ addictiveness to social media

 Students’ exposure to social media

 Influence of social media network on students’ academic performance

 Usage of social media and students’ academic performance

 Gender usage of social Media

 Usage of social media by age

 Social media in the classroom

 Problems of social media

 Summary of Literature Review

A comprehensive study was conducted on 122 university students in Nigeria to investigate the
relationship between Facebook usage and academic performance. The research aimed to examine
various hypotheses, including the impact of Facebook on students' grades in selected universities. One
of the main hypotheses tested was that there exists a negative correlation between the amount of time
students spend on Facebook and their grade point average (GPA), implying that increased Facebook
usage would result in lower academic performance.

To explore this hypothesis, the study gathered data on the Facebook usage habits of the participants
and correlated it with their respective GPAs. The researchers analyzed the data to identify any patterns
or trends that could elucidate the influence of Facebook on academic performance.

By investigating this hypothesis, the study aimed to shed light on the potential detrimental effects of
excessive Facebook use on students' ability to excel academically. It sought to provide valuable insights
into the relationship between social media engagement and educational outcomes, specifically within
the context of Nigerian universities. Social Media and Students’ Academic Performance in Nigeria
Suleiman A. Ahmad,2019.
The findings of this study would contribute to the existing body of knowledge regarding the

impact of Facebook on academic performance. It would provide educators, administrators, and

policymakers with valuable information to develop strategies that can help students strike a

balance between their social media activities and their academic responsibilities. Furthermore, it

could encourage students to adopt healthier and more effective study habits, thereby enhancing

their overall educational experience. In Ogedebe, Emmanuel & Musa (2012),

The impact of social media on students' understanding and entrepreneurial skills deserves careful

examination. With the rapid expansion of internet platforms and their diverse programs, the

online landscape has become a significant marketing medium. The interactive nature of online

platforms has further evolved with the advent of social networking, transforming it from a niche

activity to a widespread phenomenon.

Social networking platforms have now become integral to various aspects of life, including

communication, community building, and self-expression. They serve as virtual hubs where

individuals can connect, share ideas, and engage with others. In fact, the use of social networking

has expanded to the extent that many institutions and organizations today create dedicated

groups on different platforms to facilitate collaboration, discussions, and knowledge sharing.

These online communities play a crucial role in fostering connections and promoting

engagement among individuals with shared interests, goals, or affiliations. Through these

platforms, people can come together to exchange information, collaborate on projects, or simply

engage in conversations related to their respective fields.

Moreover, social media platforms provide a space for individuals to express themselves, share

their experiences, and develop their personal and professional identities. They offer opportunities

for networking, mentorship, and exposure to diverse perspectives and ideas.

In the context of entrepreneurship, social media can serve as a powerful tool for promoting

businesses, building brand awareness, and engaging with customers. Many entrepreneurs and

small businesses utilize social networking platforms to reach their target audience, showcase

their products or services, and gather feedback from customers.

As the influence and prevalence of social media continue to grow, it is crucial to recognize its

multifaceted nature and its potential as a platform for knowledge dissemination, community

building, and entrepreneurial endeavors. By understanding and harnessing the power of social

networking, individuals and institutions can leverage these platforms to foster innovation,

collaboration, and personal growth. OSHARIVE PETER (2015)

An advantage of digital technologies is their high scalability, and this advantage extends to the

education sector as well. Large classes have remained a popular method of instruction worldwide

due to their cost efficiency . However, to enhance the effectiveness of large classes and achieve

various pedagogical goals, technology is increasingly being integrated into classrooms. Scalable

technologies play a crucial role in supporting these objectives . Four notable technologies in this

context are classroom chat (CC), classroom response systems (CRS), e-lectures, and mobile

virtual reality (VR).

For technology to be effective, user acceptance is a prerequisite. Evaluating user acceptance can

be done using the technology acceptance model (TAM) developed by Davis . The TAM assesses

the perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) of a technology after users have
had several months of experience with it. By measuring these factors, the model can predict

users' behavioral intention (BI) and actual usage of the technology.

While the acceptance of some of these new digital technologies has been studied in other

contexts, further investigation is needed to understand their specific application and acceptance

within the education sector. By expanding research in this area, we can gain insights into how

these technologies are perceived by educators and students, their impact on teaching and learning

outcomes, and the factors influencing their acceptance.

Classroom chat (CC) is a digital tool that enables real-time communication and collaboration

among students and teachers within a classroom setting. It can facilitate active participation,

group discussions, and knowledge sharing, enhancing student engagement and promoting a more

interactive learning environment. Investigating the acceptance of CC in education can shed light

on its effectiveness in promoting student interaction and collaboration.

Classroom response systems (CRS), also known as clickers or audience response systems, allow

instructors to pose questions or prompts to students, who can then respond using handheld

devices. CRS provides immediate feedback to both students and instructors, enabling formative

assessment and encouraging active learning. Understanding the acceptance of CRS in education

can help identify its impact on student engagement, learning outcomes, and instructors' ability to

adapt their teaching based on real-time feedback.

E-lectures refer to recorded lectures or presentations that students can access online at their

convenience. These digital resources offer flexibility in terms of time and location, allowing

students to revisit the content and learn at their own pace. Exploring the acceptance of e-lectures

can provide insights into their perceived usefulness and ease of use, as well as their potential to

support personalized and self-directed learning approaches.

Mobile virtual reality (VR) involves the use of portable VR devices, such as smartphones or

headsets, to create immersive learning experiences. VR technology can transport students to

virtual environments where they can engage in simulations, explore complex concepts, and

enhance their understanding through experiential learning. Examining the acceptance of mobile

VR in education can uncover its potential to enhance student engagement, motivation, and

knowledge retention.

In conclusion, while the acceptance of some digital technologies in education has been explored,

further research is needed to understand the specific acceptance and effectiveness of scalable

technologies such as classroom chat, classroom response systems, e-lectures, and mobile virtual

reality. The technology acceptance model (TAM) can serve as a valuable framework to assess the

perceived usefulness and ease of use of these tools, leading to a better understanding of their

impact on teaching and learning outcomes. By expanding our knowledge in this area, we can

optimize the integration of digital technologies in education and unlock their full potential for
scalable and effective instruction. Technology acceptance of four digital learning technologies

(classroom response system, classroom chat, e-lectures, and mobile virtual reality) after three

months’ usage.

Digital learning technologies, such as Classroom Response Systems (CRSs), have gained

widespread acceptance among educators (Hunsu, Adesope, & Bayly, 2016). CRSs, also known

as student response systems, immediate response systems, clickers, or audience response

systems, enable lecturers to present multiple-choice questions to students before, during, and

after their lectures. Students can respond to these questions using their own electronic devices,

and the answers are aggregated in real-time, allowing lecturers to monitor individual students'

understanding and the overall class's comprehension of the topics.

One significant advantage of CRS is its ability to engage shy or hesitant students who may be

reluctant to ask questions in a traditional classroom setting . By providing an anonymous

platform for participation, CRS encourages active engagement from all students. Additionally,

CRS can be used to break up long presentations, as students' attention span typically lasts around

20 minutes . By incorporating interactive questions through CRS, lecturers can re-engage

students and allow them to process the content actively.

Multiple meta-analyses have shown that CRSs have small positive effects on cognitive learning

outcomes and medium effects on noncognitive outcomes ( Lopez-Valpuesta, Sanz-Diaz, &

Yniguez, 2016). This indicates that CRSs can enhance students' understanding and retention of
course material, as well as positively impact their noncognitive skills, such as motivation and

engagement.

To further optimize the benefits of CRSs, we combined them with course revision tasks.

Research has shown that repetition plays a crucial role in long-term retention (Ebbinghaus, 2013;

Pechenkina, Laurence, Oates, Eldridge, & Hunter, 2017). In our approach, we posed questions

immediately after each lecture and discussed the results at the beginning of the subsequent

lecture. This strategy aimed to encourage students to revisit the course content between lectures

and reinforce their understanding of the material.

In summary, CRSs are widely accepted digital learning technologies that allow lecturers to pose

interactive questions and gather real-time responses from students. By incorporating CRSs into

classroom instruction, educators can enhance student engagement, monitor comprehension, and

improve learning outcomes. Combining CRSs with course revision tasks further promotes active

learning and long-term retention. The positive effects of CRSs on both cognitive and

noncognitive outcomes make them a valuable tool for effective teaching and learning in the

digital age.

David A. Sprenger and Adrian Schwaninger

(2021)
5.. THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED

COLLEGE STUDENTS Gilbert M. Talaue1 , Ali AlSaad2 , Naif AlRushaidan3 , Alwaleed

AlHugail 2018

In today's society, the Internet and social media platforms have become an integral part of

people's lives, particularly for the younger generation. It is difficult to find a young person who

does not check for updates on social networks or browse through news feeds at least once a day.

The convenience and accessibility of social media have transformed the way we connect and

interact with others, regardless of geographical boundaries.

Social media platforms such as Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, and Instagram have revolutionized

communication by allowing people to stay connected and engaged with friends, family, and even

strangers from around the world. These platforms offer various features that enable users to share

their thoughts, interests, and experiences through text, photos, videos, and more. By utilizing

social media, individuals can easily communicate and build relationships, irrespective of the

physical distance between them.

One significant impact of social media on young people is the broad exposure they gain to

diverse perspectives, opinions, and cultures. While seeking to connect with others and make new

acquaintances, young individuals enter into various interactions and conversations. They have

the opportunity to communicate with a virtually unlimited number of people, belonging to

different backgrounds and having different personalities. This exposure to a wide range of
individuals allows them to learn from different stories, exchange opinions, and discuss issues

that are relevant and important to them.

Moreover, social media platforms provide a space for young people to express themselves

creatively and find like-minded communities. They can join groups, follow pages, and engage in

discussions centered around their interests, hobbies, or causes they care about. This fosters a

sense of belonging and offers opportunities for personal growth, as individuals can explore their

passions, share their ideas, and learn from others who share similar interests.

However, it is essential to recognize that the excessive use of social media can also have

negative consequences, particularly when it comes to students' academic performance. Spending

excessive amounts of time on social media can lead to distractions, reduced focus, and

procrastination, which can hinder their ability to concentrate on their studies and complete

assignments. Additionally, the addictive nature of social media and the constant need for

validation and instant gratification through likes, comments, and followers can create a sense of

anxiety and impact students' mental well-being.

To mitigate the potential negative effects, it is crucial for students to strike a balance between

their online and offline lives. Developing time management skills, setting boundaries for social

media use, and prioritizing academic responsibilities are essential in maintaining a healthy

relationship with technology. Educators and parents can also play a vital role by promoting

digital literacy, teaching responsible online behavior, and encouraging open discussions about

the benefits and challenges of social media.

In conclusion, social media platforms have undoubtedly transformed the way young people

communicate, connect, and access information. They offer valuable opportunities for learning,

self-expression, and building relationships. However, students need to be mindful of their social

media usage to ensure it does not adversely affect their academic performance and overall well-

being. With responsible usage and a balanced approach, social media can be a powerful tool for

students to navigate the digital age and stay connected while excelling in their studies.

According to scientific research, social networks can be particularly problematic for teenagers, as

they can create a distorted perception of love and friendship, making them believe that these

relationships are easily attainable and disposable . Additionally, young people who are

constantly exposed to the fast-paced nature of online life may find reality mundane in

comparison and may attempt to seek excitement through impulsive actions.

Opinions on the use of social media among students vary. Some argue that social media

platforms provide access to knowledge and facilitate quick information exchange among

students. They believe that social media can be a valuable resource for obtaining essential

information efficiently. On the other hand, critics argue that students primarily use social media

for purposes other than studying, and that these platforms serve as distractions from the learning

process.

Many educational institutions worldwide, including universities and schools, impose restrictions

on social network access within their premises. These restrictions are justified on the grounds
that they help students maintain focus on their studies. However, such measures also deny

students the opportunity to utilize the vast array of educational materials available on these

platforms, including scientific videos on YouTube .

This study focuses on Jubail University College (JUC), located in the eastern province of Saudi

Arabia. JUC is affiliated with the Royal Commission for Jubail & Yanbu and was established in

2006 with the goal of developing human resources and providing high-quality education and

training to Saudi students, enabling them to effectively contribute to the country's growing

economy across various sectors .

The objective of this study is to examine the impact of social media on the academic

performance of selected college students. To achieve this goal, existing studies related to the

topic will be analyzed, and a survey will be conducted among sixty active social media users

who are students. The survey will aim to gather insights and data regarding the students' social

media usage patterns and their perceived impact on their academic performance.

By conducting this research, it is anticipated that a better understanding of the relationship

between social media usage and academic performance among college students will be gained.

The findings may provide insights for educational institutions to develop strategies and

guidelines to help students effectively manage their social media use, maximize the benefits of

these platforms for learning, and minimize potential distractions that may hinder their academic

progress.
6; 6;Social Media–Driven Routes to Positive Mental Health Among Youth: Qualitative Enquiry

and Concept Mapping Study,, Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar

The rapid progress in smartphone and internet technology has revolutionized the way people

create and consume online content. Social media platforms and apps have emerged as powerful

tools for many-to-many communication, replacing traditional one-to-one personal

communication and one-to-many media communication . Young people have become one of the

largest user demographics online over the past decade . In the United States, the ownership of

smartphones among adolescents has reached an estimated 89%, doubling in just six years from

2012 to 2018. Furthermore, 70% of teenagers now use social media multiple times daily, a
substantial increase from 30% in 2012 . In Australia, a longitudinal study found that smartphone

ownership among 8th-grade students exceeded 86%, rising to 93% by 11th grade, accompanied

by a noticeable surge in social media usage from adolescence to early adulthood . With the

increasing involvement of young people in online activities, it has become vital to explore the

impact of social media use on their well-being, especially during critical stages of development

such as the transition from adolescence to young adulthood . Popular social media platforms like

Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, and Snapchat provide abundant opportunities for young

individuals to connect with others, showcase their creativity, and shape their self-identity through

various types of content such as pictures, text, audio, and videos . Although the functionalities

and popularity of these platforms may vary, they have firmly established themselves as platforms

for self-expression and identity formation , fostering social connections , and engaging in social

causes among young users. However, excessive internet use and excessive engagement with

social media have been associated with issues such as cyberbullying, social isolation, stress, and

depression .Regular social media activity has also been linked to harmful behaviors including

addiction, self-harm, and suicidal ideation, which can significantly impact mental health . While

the prevailing narrative often emphasizes the negative effects of social media on mental well-

being, recent research findings have been mixed. For example, a review revealed that certain

uses of social media, such as suicide prevention and authentic self-expression, are connected to

positive mental well-being in adolescents . Mental well-being encompasses various positive

aspects of mental health, such as happiness, life satisfaction, positive relationships, optimism,

and personal growth . The positive impacts of social media can be attributed to increased access

to social connections and valuable information, offering various forms of virtual social support .

These benefits are particularly relevant for young individuals facing emotional difficulties, as
they often prefer the anonymity provided by social media over in-person interactions .

Considering the significant role of social media in establishing meaningful connections that

contribute to positive youth development and the high levels of social media exposure among

young people, understanding how social media influences positive mental health becomes

essential for improving youth well-being. However, the positive effects of social media on youth

mental health are not yet fully recognized. A scoping review of 79 studies investigating the

association between social media use and mental health and well-being among adolescents

revealed .

7;A Study on the Impact of Social Media Usage on Student Academic Performance: University

of Tabuk an Example, Monia Ouede 2018

In recent years, the rapid advancement of internet technology has led to a substantial increase in

the utilization of social media platforms. These platforms, such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram,

and YouTube, have gained immense popularity and have become an integral part of our daily

lives. Their influence extends to various domains, with the field of education being no exception.

The impact of social media on education has drawn significant attention from researchers in the

past decade. They recognize the potential of these platforms to revolutionize traditional

educational practices and enhance the overall learning experience. In-depth studies and

investigations have been conducted to explore the various roles played by social media in

educational settings, shedding light on its benefits and implications.

One prominent role of social media in education is the facilitation of the sharing of ideas among

educators. Through platforms specifically designed for educators, such as Edmodo and

Schoology, teachers can connect with colleagues, exchange teaching strategies, and collaborate

on educational initiatives. This enables educators to learn from one another, share best practices,

and stay updated with the latest developments in their respective fields. The ability to engage in

meaningful discussions and share valuable resources empowers educators to enhance their

instructional methods and ultimately benefit their students.

Another important role of social media in education is its capacity to empower students to form

their own communities for collaboration. Social media platforms provide a virtual space where

students can connect with their peers, engage in group projects, and collaborate on assignments.

By creating online communities, students have the opportunity to interact with individuals from

diverse backgrounds, fostering cross-cultural understanding and expanding their perspectives.

This collaborative environment nurtures teamwork skills, encourages active participation, and

stimulates critical thinking and problem-solving abilities.

Furthermore, social media platforms have proven effective in reaching out to students and

facilitating the learning process. Educational institutions and instructors utilize these platforms to

disseminate information, share educational resources, and provide timely updates. By leveraging

the widespread use of social media among students, educators can engage with them in a familiar

and accessible medium. They can share educational content in various formats, such as video

tutorials, podcasts, and interactive quizzes, catering to diverse learning styles. The interactive

nature of social media platforms also encourages students to ask questions, seek clarification,

and engage in discussions, creating an inclusive and dynamic learning environment.

However, it is important to recognize that the use of social media in education also presents

certain challenges and considerations. Privacy concerns, digital literacy, and the potential for

distractions are among the factors that educators need to address and manage effectively. It is

crucial to establish clear guidelines and promote responsible use of social media to ensure a safe

and productive educational environment.

In conclusion, the rapid growth of social media has had a profound impact on various aspects of

our lives, including education. Researchers have increasingly focused on exploring the roles

played by social media in educational settings, highlighting its ability to facilitate idea-sharing

among educators, empower students to collaborate, and enhance the learning experience. By

harnessing the power of social media platforms, educators can leverage these tools to create

engaging and inclusive learning environments that prepare students for the challenges of the

digital age.

We strongly advise against the use of social media during lecture time. It is crucial for students

to remain focused and actively participate in the learning process without the distractions that

social media can bring. It is recommended that students refrain from accessing social media

platforms, such as Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram, during lectures to ensure they make the most

of their educational opportunities.

Furthermore, it is important to conduct further studies that specifically examine the impact of

social media use on the relationships formed among students. Understanding how social media
affects student interactions, collaboration, and overall social dynamics within educational

environments is a valuable area of research. By investigating this topic, we can gain insights into

the potential benefits and challenges that social media may introduce in fostering meaningful

connections among students. Such studies will contribute to our understanding of how to best

utilize social media platforms in educational contexts while nurturing positive interpersonal

relationships among students.

8The Impact of Social Media and Social Networks on Education and Students of Pakistan ,,

Waqas Tariq , Madiha Mehboob ,[2012]

The internet has become an integral and essential part of our lives, serving a wide range of

purposes from online shopping to communication via electronic mail. In addition, it plays a

crucial role in education, providing access to vast amounts of information and resources. The

internet is essentially a large community that encompasses various users, including those who

utilize it primarily for educational purposes. However, it is unfortunate that a significant portion

of the population, particularly the youth and teenagers, predominantly use the internet for social

networking purposes.

While the internet represents a major technological advancement, the emergence and widespread

use of social networking platforms have raised concerns, particularly regarding their impact on

the younger generation. Social networks have gained tremendous popularity in recent years,

becoming increasingly prevalent among youth. This phenomenon has led to a complex and

potentially risky online environment for young individuals.

The concept of social networking is relatively straightforward: it refers to web-based platforms

that enable users to connect and interact with others. These platforms provide various features,

such as creating personal profiles, sharing content, and engaging in virtual social interactions.

While social networks offer opportunities for communication, sharing, and forming connections,

they also come with potential dangers and negative consequences that affect the well-being and

development of youth.

The widespread use of social networks among youth has raised concerns due to several reasons.

Firstly, excessive reliance on social media can lead to time-wasting and distractions from

important activities, including education. It is crucial for young individuals to strike a balance

between their online interactions and other essential aspects of their lives. Secondly, social

networks can expose youth to various risks, such as cyberbullying, online harassment, and

privacy breaches. These risks can have detrimental effects on their mental and emotional well-

being. Additionally, the addictive nature of social media platforms can contribute to decreased

productivity, social isolation, and even negative impacts on physical health.

It is important for individuals, especially youth, to be aware of the potential dangers associated

with social networks and to exercise caution when using them. Parents, educators, and society as

a whole have a responsibility to educate young individuals about safe internet practices and to

promote responsible and healthy online behavior. This includes setting boundaries, monitoring

online activities, and fostering open communication about the potential risks and benefits of

social media.
In conclusion, while the internet has become an indispensable part of our lives, it is essential to

recognize the potential dangers and negative effects that social networks can have on youth.

Striking a balance between the positive aspects of internet use, such as educational resources,

and the potential risks associated with social networking is crucial. By promoting digital literacy,

responsible online behavior, and open dialogue, we can help ensure a safer and more beneficial

online environment for young individuals.

IMPACT OF SOCIAL NETWORKS ON EDUCATION

Education holds immense significance in an individual's life, especially for teenagers who

prioritize it above all else. However, the increasing popularity of social networks among

teenagers has negatively impacted their education .Previous research has shown that over 90% of

college students actively use social networks . With the rapid development of technology,

communication devices have become smaller and more accessible. These devices, including

smartphones, laptops, iPads, and even basic internet-enabled mobile phones, provide constant

access to social networks from anywhere at any time. While technology undoubtedly brings

advancements, any technology that facilitates easy access to social networks can be dangerous

for those addicted to them. The ubiquitous availability of social networks becomes an open

invitation for addiction, not only for teenagers but also for adults. For students experiencing

social isolation, academic satisfaction alone may not be enough.

Social networks demand the complete attention and concentration of students, diverting them

towards non-educational, unethical, and inappropriate actions such as aimless chatting, time-
wasting through random browsing, and neglecting their responsibilities. Social networks offer

various attractive features like gaming and advertisements, which tend to captivate users

endlessly. Individuals addicted to social networks become unproductive and fail to succeed due

to their lack of awareness of future prospects and career competitions.

Social networks rely on various engaging applications to capture students' attention and increase

user numbers. These applications include games, advertisements, and other online activities like

live television streaming. These applications are easily accessible and free to use, leading gaming

enthusiasts and addicts to play games without any installation or formalities, disrupting their

focus on education. Prolonged exposure to the same 2D screen in these applications can lead to

high blood pressure and anxiety, which negatively impact education and health. Surveys indicate

that students irregularly eat and sleep, fostering a nonchalant attitude towards education. After

succumbing to addiction, all they crave is the use of social networks. Social networks connect

them with others, leading them to neglect their homework and seek assistance from their elders

and peers to complete their educational tasks. Social networks offer a virtual life to students,

providing a sense of freedom for those who struggle with face-to-face interactions. While social

networks may feel like a heavenly escape, this addiction erodes their self-confidence

permanently. Becoming addicted to social networks gives the illusion of having numerous

friends, but in reality, most of these contacts are virtual. This detachment from family, friends,

teachers, and other social circles can have perilous consequences for both life and education. It

completely alters a student's mindset, shifting their focus from education to indulging in fantasy.

This virtual life derails their thoughts from academic pursuits, leading to a gradual disdain for

education and studies.

One common action observed among social network users is eavesdropping, which involves

spying on other users' profiles, actions, likes, comments, and other activities . This behavior

often leads to attraction between individuals of opposite genders, and students waste months and

weeks attempting to decipher the loyalty of their friends through eavesdropping. Social

networking websites in schools and libraries leave a significantly negative impression. People of

all age groups, including teenagers, young adults, and adults, are continuously drawn to social

networks. International and national authorities should take appropriate measures against social

networking websites.

In conclusion, the rise of social networks among teenagers has adversely affected their

education. It is crucial to address the negative consequences of excessive social network use,

including distractions, addiction, isolation, and a decline in academic performance. Awareness

programs, responsible internet usage guidelines, and supportive interventions are necessary to

guide teenagers towards a balanced approach to social media and education.

Digital technologies in resource constrained higher institutions of learning: a study on students’

acceptance and usability Fiona P. Tulinayo, Peter Ssentume1 and Rovincer Najjuma. [2018]

The primary objective of this study is to enhance our understanding of how digital technologies

are utilized and accepted in higher educational institutions that face resource limitations. These

institutions have the potential to leverage digital tools for blended, online, and mobile learning,

but there is a lack of knowledge regarding their usability and acceptance in such contexts. To

address this gap, the study adopts the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and employs
various analytical techniques, including descriptive, correlation, and regression analysis. The

researchers collected data from a sample of 341 undergraduate students and found that the

original TAM constructs are substantiated. Furthermore, the study incorporates additional factors

into the model, such as students' access to technology, their awareness of digital resources, their

capacity to utilize them effectively, and the characteristics of the lecturers involved. The

implications of these findings are significant for both theoretical understanding and practical

applications in the field of digital education.

The term "digital technologies" encompasses a broad range of tools, services, and applications

that utilize various hardware and software components . These technologies enable electronic-

based services and activities, allowing for the creation, storage, processing, transmission, and

display of information. Examples of digital technologies include personal computers, digital

television, radio, mobile phones, and robots . When combined with learner-centered instruction,

the use of digital technologies has been claimed to enhance learning outcomes .

In the context of East Africa, the importance of digital technologies in facilitating blended,

online, and mobile learning cannot be overstated. These technologies are believed to have the

potential to increase access, reduce costs, and improve the quality of education ., the utilization

of digital technologies can enhance teaching and learning quality, as well as improve efficacy

and accessibility.

Despite the recognized potential benefits, the adoption of digital technologies in resource-

constrained higher educational institutions continues to pose challenges. These institutions face
limitations in terms of financial resources, technological infrastructure, and technical expertise.

Consequently, the effective integration and implementation of digital technologies in these

contexts remain a complex task.

To thoroughly explore and address these challenges, further research is needed. This study aims

to contribute to the understanding of the utilization and acceptance of digital technologies in

resource-constrained higher educational institutions, specifically within the context of blended

learning. Blended learning refers to the intentional combination of face-to-face and online

learning experiences .

To guide the investigation, the researchers adopt the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM),

which has been widely used to assess users' acceptance and utilization of technology (Davis,

1989). TAM suggests that users' behavioral intentions toward technology adoption are

influenced by two main factors: perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use . In the context

of this study, these factors can be applied to assess students' acceptance and usage of digital

technologies in blended learning environments.

The study employs a mixed-methods approach, collecting both qualitative and quantitative data.

The researchers collected data from a sample of 341 undergraduate students who are enrolled in

blended learning programs. The data collection methods include surveys, interviews, and

observations, allowing for a comprehensive understanding of the participants' perspectives and

experiences with digital technologies in blended learning.

The data analysis consists of descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis.

Descriptive analysis provides an overview of the characteristics of the participants, their access

to digital technologies, and their awareness of available resources. Correlation analysis examines

the relationships between different variables, such as students' access, awareness, capacity,

lecturer characteristics, and their acceptance and usage of digital technologies. Regression

analysis helps identify the predictors of students' acceptance and utilization of digital

technologies in blended learning.

The preliminary findings of this study confirm the relevance and applicability of the TAM

framework in the context of digital technology adoption in blended learning. The analysis

indicates that students' access to technology, their awareness of digital resources, their capacity

to effectively use technology, and the characteristics of their lecturers all have significant

influences on their acceptance and utilization of digital technologies.

The implications of these findings are valuable both in theoretical and practical terms. The study

contributes to the growing body of evidence regarding the use and acceptance of digital

technologies in blended learning, particularly in

In the field of education, digital technologies are revolutionizing the way we teach and learn.

These technologies provide new pedagogical approaches that encourage students to take on a

more active role in their education. The focus is on understanding how people communicate and

learn in electronic environments.

Digital technologies are being utilized in higher education institutions for various purposes. They

are used to develop course materials, deliver and share content, facilitate communication

between students, lecturers, and the outside world, create and deliver presentations and lectures,

conduct academic research, provide administrative support, and manage student enrollment.

Teaching and learning approaches that incorporate digital technologies, such as e-learning,

blended learning, and mobile learning, have the potential to enhance the teaching and learning

process and improve student learning outcomes.

Despite the numerous benefits offered by digital technologies, their adoption and usage in higher

education institutions remain limited. Various interconnected factors contribute to the barriers

that hinder their widespread adoption. These factors include the high costs involved,

socioeconomic and technological conditions, lack of a systematic approach to teaching and

learning, awareness and attitudes towards digital technologies, limited administrative and

technical support, inadequate staff development, limited infrastructure, and a lack of expertise in

using digital technology tools.

To understand the acceptance and usability of digital technologies in resource-constrained higher

education institutions, the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is often employed. TAM is a
widely-used model that aims to identify the barriers and enablers to technology adoption in a

specific domain. It has been empirically validated in numerous studies.

In this particular paper, the TAM framework is utilized to explore students' perceptions of

usability and acceptance of digital technologies in resource-constrained higher education

institutions. By using this model, researchers can gain insights into the factors influencing the

adoption of digital technologies in these settings and identify strategies to overcome the barriers

to their effective use.

Digital technologies have transformed the field of education, revolutionizing teaching and

learning methods. These technologies offer innovative pedagogical approaches that encourage

active student participation. The focus is on understanding how people communicate and learn in

electronic environments.

Higher education institutions are utilizing digital technologies for various purposes, such as

creating course materials, delivering and sharing content, facilitating communication between

students, lecturers, and the outside world, conducting presentations and lectures, carrying out

academic research, providing administrative support, and managing student enrollment.

Teaching and learning approaches that integrate digital technologies, such as e-learning, blended

learning, and mobile learning, have the potential to enhance the educational process and improve

student outcomes.
Despite the numerous advantages offered by digital technologies, their adoption and usage in

higher education institutions remain limited. Several interconnected factors contribute to the

barriers preventing widespread implementation. These factors include high costs, socioeconomic

and technological conditions, lack of a systematic approach to teaching and learning, awareness

and attitudes towards digital technologies, limited administrative and technical support,

insufficient staff development, inadequate infrastructure, and a lack of expertise in utilizing

digital tools.

To understand the acceptance and usability of digital technologies in resource-constrained higher

education institutions, researchers often employ the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).

TAM is a well-established model used to identify the factors that hinder or facilitate technology

adoption in specific domains. It has been empirically validated through numerous studies.

In this particular paper, the TAM framework is utilized to investigate students' perceptions of the

usability and acceptance of digital technologies in resource-constrained higher education

institutions. By employing this model, researchers aim to gain insights into the factors that

influence the adoption of digital technologies in these settings and identify strategies to

overcome the barriers hindering their effective use.

Use of Social Media and its Impact on Academic Performance of Tertiary Institution Students: A

Study of Students of Koforidua Polytechnic, Ghana M. Owusu-Acheaw1 Agatha Gifty Larson2

1. Koforidua Polytechnic, Koforidua, Ghana 2. University of Education, Winneba, Ghana

M. Owusu-Acheaw,,,2015.)

The Transformative Power of Social Media on Communication and Social Interactions

Social media has revolutionized the way we communicate, share content, and connect with

others online. It has become a dominant platform that influences public discourse on a wide

range of topics, including politics, technology, the environment, and the entertainment industry.

The ease of use, speed, and extensive reach of social media have contributed to its rapid growth

and impact. This essay explores the transformative power of social media on communication and

social interactions over the past decade.

Impact on Communication

Social media platforms, such as Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn, have transformed how

individuals exchange ideas, emotions, personal information, photos, and videos. The use of these

platforms has skyrocketed among young people, with 73% of wired American teenagers actively

using social media websites. This surge in online communication has reshaped the way we

interact and share information with others. The instantaneous nature of social media enables real-

time conversations and the rapid dissemination of news and opinions.

Furthermore, social media has transcended geographical boundaries, allowing individuals from

different parts of the world to connect and engage in meaningful discussions. It has provided a

platform for people to express their views, showcase their talents, and contribute to important

social and political movements. Social media has also allowed individuals to create and curate

their online identities, enabling them to present themselves to the world in a manner they desire.

Effect on Social Interactions:

The widespread adoption of social networking websites has transformed social interactions on

various levels. Initially considered a hobby for computer-literate individuals, social media has

now become a social norm and a fundamental aspect of people's lives. Teenagers and young

adults, in particular, have embraced social media platforms as a means to connect with peers,

share information, and shape their online identities. The ability to showcase one's social life has

become a significant part of self-expression and social validation.

The rise of social networking sites like Facebook and MySpace has facilitated the formation and

maintenance of relationships on a global scale. Individuals can connect with friends, family, and

acquaintances regardless of physical distance. This has led to the formation of online

communities centered around shared interests, hobbies, and causes. Social media has also

allowed individuals to reconnect with old friends and foster new relationships through common

connections and shared interests.

However, social media's influence on social interactions is not without its challenges. Critics

argue that excessive use of social media can lead to social isolation, decreased face-to-face

interactions, and a superficial understanding of relationships. The dynamics of friendships and

social groups have also evolved, with social media often blurring the boundaries between

personal and professional relationships.

In conclusion, social media has transformed the way we communicate and interact with others.

Its ease of use, speed, and extensive reach have made it a dominant platform for online

discourse, shaping public opinion on various topics. Social media has enabled individuals to

exchange ideas, emotions, and information at an unprecedented rate, transcending geographical

boundaries and fostering global connections. While it has brought numerous benefits, social

media also poses challenges to face-to-face interactions and the depth of relationships. As social

media continues to evolve, it is important for individuals and society to navigate its impact

consciously and adapt to the changing dynamics of communication and social interactions in the

digital age.

The Impact of Social Media Use on Students' Academic Performance

The rapid advancement of media technology has revolutionized daily communication, with

social media emerging as a dominant platform for interaction. Among today's youth, the use of

social media has experienced significant growth, particularly in the realm of social networking.

Social networking not only facilitates connections among students on campus but also with

friends outside of school. It fosters a sense of belonging and community. However, concerns

have arisen regarding the potential impact of excessive social media use on students' academic
performance. Researchers and economists have raised questions about whether spending

significant amounts of time on social media platforms can adversely affect students' grades. This

study aims to examine the relationship between students' use of social media sites and their

academic performance.

Impact of Social Media Use on Academic Performance

Various studies, have explored the influence of technology, particularly internet use, on students'

educational performance. These studies suggest that technology can both positively and

negatively affect academic outcomes. Concerns have been raised by parents and guardians who

worry that excessive time spent on social media platforms, such as Facebook, may lead to a lack

of focus on studying. However, despite these concerns, many students continue to utilize social

media on a daily basis.

The research aims to investigate the impact of students' social media use on their academic work.

It seeks to determine whether there is a correlation between the amount of time spent on social

media sites and students' academic performance. By examining this relationship, the study aims

to provide insights into the potential positive or negative effects of social media use on students'

educational outcomes.

The research will employ a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys and

qualitative interviews, to gather comprehensive data on students' social media usage patterns and

academic performance. The survey will collect information on the frequency and duration of

social media use, specific platforms utilized, and the perceived impact of social media on
studying habits. Additionally, academic performance will be assessed through measures such as

GPA, test scores, and self-reported academic achievement.

The qualitative interviews will provide a deeper understanding of students' experiences and

perspectives regarding social media use and its effects on their academic performance. These

interviews will allow participants to express their motivations for using social media, the benefits

they perceive, and any challenges they face in balancing social media engagement with their

academic responsibilities.

The collected data will be analyzed to identify potential correlations between social media use

and academic performance. Statistical techniques, such as regression analysis, will be employed

to determine the strength and significance of these relationships. The qualitative data from

interviews will be thematically analyzed to provide rich insights into the experiences and

perceptions of students.

This research aims to shed light on the impact of students' use of social media sites on their

academic work. By examining the relationship between social media usage patterns and

academic performance, the study seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of how social

media engagement affects students' educational outcomes. The findings of this research will

contribute to the ongoing discourse on the influence of technology on education and inform

educators, parents, and students about the potential benefits and challenges associated with social

media use. Ultimately, this research aims to provide evidence-based recommendations to support
students in achieving a healthy balance between their social media activities and their academic

pursuits.

Impact of Social Media of Student’s Academic Performance,, Zahid Amin, Ahmad Mansoor,

Syed Rabeet Hussain And Faisal Hashma ,2016)

Impact of Social Media on Students' Academic Performance

Social media has become an integral part of students' lives, providing them with a platform for

communication, connection, and information sharing. As a result, the influence of social media

on students' academic performance has been a subject of interest, prompting numerous studies to

explore its effects. While some studies highlight negative impacts, others indicate positive

outcomes. This section delves into a more comprehensive examination of the impact of social

media on students' academic performance.

1. Positive Effects of Social Media on Academic Performance

a) Enhanced Communication and Collaboration: Social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter,

and Skype facilitate communication and collaboration among students. These platforms offer

channels for discussing study material, sharing resources, organizing study groups, and

connecting with classmates. Improved communication and collaboration can contribute to a

better understanding of academic concepts and foster a supportive learning environment.

b) Access to Educational Resources: Social media platforms enable students to access a vast

array of educational resources, including online libraries, educational websites, and academic

communities. Students can benefit from shared knowledge, research findings, and educational

materials, expanding their learning beyond the confines of the traditional classroom setting.

c) Engagement and Participation: Active participation and engagement in academic discussions

can enhance students' learning experiences. Social media platforms provide opportunities for

students to engage with course content, ask questions, provide feedback, and express their

opinions. Increased engagement can lead to improved academic performance and critical

thinking skills.

d) Personalized Learning: Social media platforms allow students to personalize their learning

experiences by joining relevant groups, following subject matter experts, and receiving

personalized recommendations. Students can explore their interests, engage in self-directed

learning, and access a diverse range of educational content that aligns with their academic goals.

2. Negative Effects of Social Media on Academic Performance

a) Distraction and Time Management: One of the primary concerns associated with social media

is its potential for distraction. Students may easily become sidetracked by notifications,
messages, and the allure of entertainment on social media platforms, leading to reduced focus on

academic tasks. Poor time management and excessive use of social media can negatively impact

study habits and overall academic performance.

b) Information Overload and Misinformation: The vast amount of information available on social

media can overwhelm students. Sorting through numerous posts, articles, and opinions can be

challenging, and students may struggle to discern reliable sources from misinformation. This can

hinder their ability to critically evaluate information and affect the quality of their academic

work.

c) Social Comparison and Pressure: Social media platforms often foster a culture of comparison,

where students may feel compelled to showcase their achievements and compare themselves to

their peers. Constant comparison can lead to feelings of inadequacy, low self-esteem, and

increased stress, all of which can have a detrimental effect on academic performance.

d) Reduced Face-to-Face Interaction: Excessive use of social media can result in a decline in

face-to-face interactions and interpersonal skills. Students may become more reliant on online

communication and less comfortable with in-person interactions, which are crucial for

collaborative learning, networking, and professional development.

The impact of social media on students' academic performance is a complex and multifaceted

topic. While social media platforms offer several potential benefits, such as enhanced

communication, access to educational resources, and increased engagement, they also present

challenges such as distraction, information overload, and social pressures.

To leverage the positive aspects of social media while mitigating the negative effects, students

should develop effective time management strategies, exercise critical thinking skills when

evaluating information, and maintain a healthy balance between online and offline interactions.

Additionally, educational institutions can play a role in promoting digital literacy and providing

guidance on responsible social media use to help students maximize the benefits of these

platforms for their academic endeavors.

Vaingankar et al , Social Media–Driven Routes to Positive Mental Health Among Youth:

Qualitative Enquiry and Concept Mapping Study

Rapid advancements in smartphone and internet usage have expanded the opportunities for

people to produce and consume online content. Social media platforms and apps have

revolutionized communication, allowing many-to-many interactions compared to traditional one-

to-one or one-to-many forms of communication. In the past decade, young people have become

one of the largest user groups of social media, with a significant increase in smartphone

ownership and social media usage among adolescents.

The impact of social media use on the health of young people, especially during critical

developmental stages, has become a topic of significant interest. Platforms like Facebook,
YouTube, Instagram, and Snapchat offer youth extensive opportunities to connect with others,

express creativity, and shape their self-identity through various forms of media. While these

platforms differ in functionality and popularity, they have all become established avenues for

identity formation, social capital building, and participation in social activism among young

users.

However, excessive internet use and social media engagement have been associated with

negative effects on mental health, such as cyberbullying, social isolation, stress, and depression.

Harmful behaviors like addiction, self-harm, and suicidality have also been linked to frequent

social media activity, posing risks to mental well-being. Nevertheless, recent research findings

have presented a mixed picture, highlighting some positive aspects of social media use. For

example, certain uses of social media, such as suicide prevention and authentic self-presentation,

have been associated with mental well-being in adolescents. The positive impacts are attributed

to increased access to social capital, useful information, and virtual social support, which are

particularly relevant for youth experiencing emotional problems and seeking anonymity.

Recognizing the central role of social media in forming close connections that contribute to

positive youth development, and considering the high prevalence of social media use among

young people, it is important to understand how social media influences positive mental health.

However, the benefits of social media for youth mental health are not fully recognized, and

research has primarily focused on psychopathology, with limited exploration of positive

outcomes like well-being, happiness, and quality of life. There is a need for qualitative research
to gain a deeper understanding of the youth's own experiences and perspectives on the

relationship between social media and mental health.

This study aims to fill the knowledge gap regarding the potentially beneficial links between

social media and youth mental health in Singapore. Singapore is a high-income nation with a

diverse population, and young people constitute a significant portion of the population. While

previous research in Singapore has examined the impact of social media on various

psychological factors such as stress, suicidality, body esteem, and online bullying, there is

limited exploration of social media's role in promoting positive mental health among youth.

To address this gap, the study explores the lived experiences of young people in Singapore and

examines how social media contributes to positive mental health. The research utilizes thematic

analysis and concept mapping to understand the components and pathways that lead to positive

mental health from the perspectives of youth. By delving into the subjective experiences of

young individuals, this study aims to shed light on the complex relationship between social

media and mental well-being among youth in south region.

Perceived Benefits and Risks of Social Media: Ethiopian Secondary School Students’

Perspectives,, Feyisa Mulisa & Dawit Asrat Getahun…2018..

Numerous studies have shown that the use of social media is gaining popularity among youth

worldwide due to its interactive features and accessibility. Platforms such as Facebook,

YouTube, Twitter, Instagram, LinkedIn, and Google+ allow users to share information, exchange

ideas, and engage in online content modification. These platforms are widely used by the general

public and students across different educational levels. The number of social media users has

been steadily increasing and has reached billions, with Facebook alone reporting 1.49 billion

users in 2015.

Teenagers are among the most active users of social media, benefiting from its affordability,

user-friendliness, interactivity, and accessibility to everyone. Although no specific study has

been conducted on social media trends in Ethiopia, it is believed that a significant number of

teenage students in the country are active users. Given the increasing number of social media

users, particularly among teenagers, it is important to understand the benefits and risks

associated with their use. This study aims to assess how secondary school students in Ethiopia

perceive the benefits and risks of social media use. The findings of this study can serve as a pilot

for future extensive research and the development of intervention programs aimed at maximizing

the benefits and minimizing the risks associated with social media use.

Research from around the world suggests that social media is primarily used for recreational and

relational purposes. It has been found to have both benefits and risks for teenagers' well-being,

including their safety and academic performance. For instance, studies have shown that using

platforms like Facebook can facilitate the development of important personality traits such as
competence, confidence, connection, character, compassion, and contribution, which are linked

to better academic performance. Social media has also been found to contribute to teenagers'

social and emotional maturity. Additionally, through closer monitoring by parents and teachers,

social media can positively impact students' academic progress by enabling the sharing of

academic information, providing academic support, and fostering connections among students.

Furthermore, social media has the potential to facilitate collaborative learning, motivate students

to learn at their own pace and place, and enhance student engagement and perception of

instructor involvement.

However, it is important to acknowledge the potential risks associated with excessive use of

social media. Some authors emphasize the negative effects and uncertainties linked to social

media use. Excessive use can have undesired consequences on various aspects of teenagers'

lives. Therefore, it is crucial to examine both the positive and negative impacts of social media

and develop strategies to mitigate potential risks while maximizing the benefits.

The Impact of Social Media on Learning Behavior for Sustainable Education: Evidence of

Students from Selected Universities in Pakistan.. Jaffar Abbas , Jaffar Aman , Mohammad

Nurunnabi and Shaher Bano ,,,2019

In the modern era, social media and social networks have a profound influence on the student

community, becoming an integral part of daily life for individuals in contemporary society .

Information technology advancements have introduced various social media and networking

websites, such as Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, and WhatsApp, which have revolutionized
patterns of social interaction and communication . These platforms enable users to access and

consume self-published posts from their friends without direct interaction . This study examines

the impact of social media and web-based interactions on students' communities in their day-to-

day lives .

Social media, in this context, refers to computer-mediated technologies that facilitate the

exchange and sharing of ideas, career interests, information, and other forms of expression

through virtual communities and social networks . The content generated by social media users,

including comments, posts, digital photos, and video sharing, plays a vital role in the functioning

of social networking and social media sites . Users typically access social media services via the

internet on computers or mobile devices such as smartphones or tablets by downloading

dedicated applications . Through engagement with these services, social media users create

interactive platforms where individual students or student organizations can share ideas,

collaborate, modify content, and engage in discussions. Social media reshapes the means of

communication among students and between individuals, communities, and larger organizations,

driving innovations in the field of information technology .

Popular social media websites include Baidu, Facebook Tieba, LinkedIn, Instagram, Pinterest,

Twitter, Viber, WeChat, WhatsApp, Weibo, Wikia, and associated messaging platforms like

Facebook Messenger. Social networking represents a social structure that encompasses the

interactions and communications of individuals, communities, and organizations .Technological

advancements have brought about both positive and negative changes in the cultural and societal
landscape. Social media and networking sites offer both adverse and productive features to the

community, influencing students during their transition to adulthood. One positive impact of

social media usage is the early exposure of the public, including young individuals, to user-

generated data, ideas, and programming, which fosters additional technological advancements

and increased knowledge within student communities . However, the pervasiveness of web-

based social networking and social media outlets has also been linked to increased rates of

depression among students and significant changes in the social atmosphere in which students

develop and learn.

This study aims to further investigate the influence of social media on students' learning and its

impact on student communities. It specifically focuses on exploring the impact of technological

innovation on students' learning behavior, which plays a crucial role in their personal growth.

The study seeks to examine various issues related to specific examples of social media use by

Pakistani students at selected universities. Web-based social networking falls under the category

of "gaining Internet-constructed tools or applications that operate based on innovative and

philosophical Web 2.0 principles, enabling the creation and exchange of user-generated content.

IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON STUDENT’S ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE,,, Rithika M.

Sara Selvaraj,,,2013..

In today's networking era, the internet's tremendous growth has greatly influenced students'

development and their way of interacting and socializing. Communication has become a popular

term, and the internet has brought people together across geographical boundaries. With a

plethora of communication tools available, such as search engines, web pages, emails, RSS
feeds, e-journals, e-newspapers, internet banking, internet telephony, conferencing, multimedia

sharing, online news rooms, and social networking, the internet has become an essential medium

for communication in both personal and professional lives.

This research aims to delve into the impact of social networking sites on students' academic

performance. Although social networking websites are not inherently designed for negative

impacts, it is evident in our daily lives that students often become addicted to these platforms.

This research will analyze the pros and cons of social networking in the context of education. It

is worth noting that the extensive use of media among college students, from texting and chatting

on cell phones to posting status updates on Facebook, may be negatively affecting their academic

performance.
 Chapter 3
Research Methodology/ Instrumentation
Methodology 

This chapter will be discussing the research design and methodology used in the study including

method, research design, instruments, population, sampling technique and sample size. The

Methodology was applied to conduct the research study on the topic “ Effect of Social

Media on the Learning of Secondary School Students at District Sargodha "

and describes the various phases in detail through which the study has undergone.

3.2 Research Design

The descriptive research design was used in this research. The approach of this study
is quantitative to go inside the phenomenon. The research is conducted at secondary
level. The survey technique was selected to gather intended information by the
Questionnaire. The reason for choosing this survey method, convenient sampling, and
numerical statistical survey method is a large number of people and short time.

3.3 Research Method

Quantitative research is taken to collect the data by simple random sampling technique, data is

collected from teachers, to know the Effect of Social Media on the Learning of

Secondary School Students at District Sargodha

3.4 Population

The study population was the students of the secondary school level of the public sector. In a
short time, the population for this study, consisted of selecting three government schools at
secondary school level of district Sargodha.
 3.5 Sampling Technique

The sample contains a large representative population. The researcher used a convenient
sampling technique for the study as it was the most appropriate way to gather data in limited
time and resources.

3.6 Sample Size

A sample of 230 respondents was selected using a convenience sampling technique. Where
females were in the majority and males were in the minority. Most of the population belongs to
the public schools because more population was available in public schools, conveniently.

3.7 Instrumentation—Instruments/ Tools Used for the Data

Collection

The selection of the instrument depends on the nature of the problem to study. Based on the

literature review, a self-developed Questionnaire was planned to determine the Effect of Social

Media on the Learning of Secondary School Students at District Sargodha. The instrument used for data

collection in this study was a close ended Questionnaire. The Questionnaire consisted of two parts.

One of them was the demographic part, and the other one was the part of statements.

The demographic part consists of 5 items: Name of the respondents that was optional, gender of

respondent, age of respondent, grade of the respondent, and school sector. The other part is a

Questionnaire composed of 15 questions provided with five numeric choices. The provided rating

for each view is as follows:

5(Strongly Agree),

4(Agree),

3(Neutral),
2(Disagree) and

1(strongly disagree).

The rating average for each categorized factor is computed. The categorized factor with the

highest rating average is the factor that greatly affects Effect of Social Media on the

Learning of Secondary School Students at District Sargodha.

3.8 Validity and Reliability of the Tools/ Questionnaires

Instruments are validated by expert opinion. Reliability process applied for that kind of
research. The questions are standardized. All respondents are asked exactly the same questions
in the same order. This means that the checklist can be replicated easily to check for reliability.

3.9 Time frame

It will take teachers about 6 days to direct the questionnaires. Data will be collected by using
online Google forms. Questionnaire/survey will be developed via links. Links of the
questionnaire will be shared with respondents’ by using social apps (whatsapp, Facebook,
instagram,twitter messages etc.).

3.10 Questionnaire

Dear students, 
I am a student of B.Ed. (Secondary) in Virtual University of Pakistan and working on this

research topic titled: Effect of Social Media on the Learning of Secondary School

Students at District Sargodha .Your opinions will only be used for research purposes.

Thank you for your valuable contribution .

Google form link :

https://forms.gle/aPzJ89TZ6JA5ZKKa7
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/

1FAIpQLSdCo7ep9DQxFQCo5DvzQQZzT2YyzdGC-iVTG77jg29OF0I4pA/

viewform?usp=sf_link

Part I: Student’s Demographic Information 

Information (A) (B)

Age 11-14 15-18
Gender Male Female
th
Grade  9 10th
Subjects /course discipline science Arts
Sendup test marks 50-70% 80-100%
                    Personal computer /mobile /laptop Yes No
Area Urban Rural

Part II: Questionnaire Statements for Study

Parental involvement in their children education
1. .Does using social media cause type of losing the meaning of lessons to you?
Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Strongly Disagree Disagree
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
2.girl spend more time than boys while using social media?

Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Strongly Disagree Disagree

(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
3. Students use social media to communicate and study.
Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Strongly Disagree Disagree
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
4. I timely submit my assignments whether spending time on social media.

Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Strongly Disagree Disagree

(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
5. Does using social media effect on your final grade
 Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Strongly Disagree Disagree
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
6. Does using social media cause sometimes being absent in your class?.
Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Strongly Disagree Disagree
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
7. Groups and pages related to studies are created by scholars on Facebook and whatsapp helps
students in their study.

Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Strongly Disagree Disagree

(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
8. Is social media has a positive impact on students academic performance?

Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Strongly Disagree Disagree

(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
9. I find it flexible to focus on work by logging into social media sites as it helps me to remain in
contact with classmates.

Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Strongly Disagree Disagree

(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
10. Its my routine habit to use twitter,facebook instagram in my daily life .
Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Strongly Disagree Disagree
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
11. Usage of these sites in my routine life affect my academic .
Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Strongly Disagree Disagree
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
12.Students share study material on whatsapp,facebook,instagram and twitter that helps other
students which are weak in studies performance

Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Strongly Disagree Disagree

(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)

Impacts

1. I prefer to express my ideas and feelings on social media?

Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Strongly Disagree
(5) (4) (3) Disagre (1)
e
(2)
2. Social networking sites are affecting the way of speaking or writing in students life
Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Strongly Disagree
(5) (4) (3) Disagre (1)
e
(2)
3. Social networking sites can be an effective tool for E-learning for students? .
Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Strongly Disagree
(5) (4) (3) Disagre (1)
e
(2)
4. Do you think social networking sites change the behavior of students in effective manner? .
Strongly Agree Agree Neutral
Strongly Disagree
(5) (4) (3) Disagre (1)
e
(2)
5. Social networking sites are more effective in communicating with our friends and teachers .
Strongly Agree Agree Neutral
Strongly Disagree
(5) (4) (3)Disagre (1)
e
(2)
6. : There is a significant relationship between security/privacy problems and studentsǯ academic
performance..
Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Strongly Disagree
(5) (4) (3) Disagre (1)
e
(2)
7. Social media usage has consequences on students health .
Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Strongly Disagree
(5) (4) (3) Disagre (1)
e
(2)
8. My parents monitor my social media activities .
Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Strongly Disagree
(5) (4) (3) Disagre (1)
e
(2)
9. My grades have deteriorated because of my continuous use of social media.
Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Strongly Disagree
(5) (4) (3) Disagre (1)
e
(2)
10. I spent more than two hours while using social media .
Strongly Agree Agree Neutral
Strongly Disagree
(5) (4) (3) Disagre (1)
e
(2)
11. I Solely rely on information gotten from Wikipedia to do my assignments without consulting other
sources..
 Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Strongly Disagree
(5) (4) (3) Disagre (1)
e
(2)
12.I make use of whatsapp to disseminate knowledge to my class mate .
Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Strongly Disagree
(5) (4) (3) Disagre (1)
e
(2)