Ionic Liquid 2021 22

IONIC LIQUIDS:
GREEN SOLVENTS FOR THE FUTURE

Development
2003
2001
Year
1999
1997
1995
0 200 400 600 800 1000
No of publications
Outline
Definition
Advantage
Applications
Ionic liquid in synthesis
Examples
Conclusion
What are Ionic Liquids
Common Definition
 Ionic Liquids (ILs) is the generic term for a class of materials, consisting
entirely of ions and being liquid below 100°C.
 If they are liquid at room temperature, we call them room temperature

ionic liquids (RTILs).
H2O Organic solvents Ionic Liquids
Why are ionic liquids “liquids
A simulated model of
an Ionic Liquid
liquid NaCl molten BMIM PF6 aqueous NaCl
Examples of common Ionic Liquids:
 Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium
(EMIM) Chloride,
 EMIM dicyanamide,
 1-butyl-3,5-dimethylpyridinium
bromide,
 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium
hexafluorophosphate
[BMIM][PF6]
Fig: Some common cations and

anions in Ionic Liquids
Designers solvent – ionic liquids
Designers solvent – ionic liquids
1.Viscosity 1.Oxygen
2.Surface tension balance
3.Melting point 2.Density
3.High
energy
content ion
Functionality
Stability
About 1000 ILs are described in the literature, 300 are
commercially available.
Fluorous ILs are immiscible
with both organic and aqueous
solvents.
1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate
•A viscous, colourles, hydrophobic
and non-water soluble ionic liquid.
•Molecular mass:284.18 g mol−1
•Density: 1.38 g/mL
•Melting Point:10˚C
Discovery and History
Paul Walden
• Era of ionic liquids -began in the eighteen
hundreds- Gabriel & Weiner reported an ionic
liquid
• First ionic liquid: ethyl ammonium nitrate (1914,
Paul Walden)
* The first room temperature ionic liquid -1951
• N-ethylpyridinium bromide- aluminium chloride melt
* The most stable and conductive salts -
1982
• 1,3-dialkylimidazolium salts
* The hydrophobic ionic liquids -
1992
• 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate
Vapour Pressure
Melting Point
SALIENT
Viscosity
FEATURES
Miscibility with water
Thermal Decomposition
Vapour Pressure of Ionic Liquids
They have small or negligible vapour pressure

2
Higher thermal decomposition point
2
3
Ecological Solvents
4
Unique solvent
Melting Points of ILs
• Large range of temperature (-900C to 1500C)
• Modulation of melting point with variation of anion &/or

cation size.
m.p.
cation
m.p. and anoin
high size
small
low
low large
VISCOSITY OF ILs
• They are usually more viscous than classical solvents
One of the major demerit of ILs

Miscibility with Water
• By changing the nature of ions, It is possible to change
miscibility with water
Biotechnology
Biotechnolog
IONIC LIQUIDS
IONIC
APPLICATIONS
BIOTECHNOLOGY ENERGY CHEMISTRY
Enzyme catalysis Solar Cell Heck Reaction

Protein Synthesis Suzuki Reaction
Battery Cell
Cellulose Diels Alder
Heat Storage
Chemistry Reaction
Friedel Crafts
Reaction
APPLICATIONS
INDUSTRIAL EXTRACTION ANALYTICAL

CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES
Membrane Extraction of Bio- GC Stationary
Separation Diesel Phase
MALDI
APPLICATIONS
CHEMISTRY EXTRACTION
FEW EXAMPLES OF APPLICATIONS
As Solvent As absorbent
• Model of CO 2absorption by an ionic liquid.

• The model shows that the anions are controlling
absorption in ionic liquids. The green units represent
anions and the grey units represent cations.
FEW Magic fluids….examples
HOW TO FORMULATE THIS
MAGICAL LIQUID?
ALKYLATION
FOLLOWED BY
METATHESIS
ELEVATED TEMPERATURE & REFLUXING
SOLVENT APPROACH
MICROWAVE OR ULTRASONIC SYNTHESIS
ROOM TEMPERATURE “WAIT & SEE”

SOLVENT FREE APPROACH
QUATERNIZATION REACTION
ANIONIC EXCHANGE REACTION

Comparison of organic solvents with ionic liquids
 High ionic conductivity
 Non-flammable
 Non-volatile
 High thermal,electrochemical and mechanical stability,
 Wide temperature range for liquid phase (- 40 to +
200°C)
 Highly solvating, yet non-coordinating
 Low toxicity
 Good solvents for many organic and inorganic materials
Green chemistry
‘Utilization of set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or
generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and
application of chemical products.’
(Green Chemistry – Theory and Practice, P. T. Anastas & J. C. Warner,
Oxford, 1998)
•Ionic liquid-act as solvent in reactions -prevents the waste of

solvent.
•Ionic liquid –Reused.
•The miscibility gap of most ionic liquids with alkylated

aromatics allows product isolation by simple decantation.
GREEN ASPECTS
The yield for preparing Ionic liquid is as high 99%. (Principle 2)
Seperation of Ionic liquid is easy , just by filtration.
Reaction condition is mild .(Principle 12)
No byproducts in the preparation .(Principle 8)

Ionic Liquids in Organic Synthesis
• Catalytic
Friedel–Crafts
• Hydrogenetions
Alkoxycarbonylation
• Hydroformylations
• Heck reactions Olefin dimerization
• Suzuki coupling Diels-Alder

• Stille Coupling
Oxidations
Diels-Alder reaction
Heck Reaction
Wittig reaction
Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction
Stille reaction
Friedel-Crafts reaction
Hydrogenation
Fluorination
Green Aspects
• The yeild for preparing Ionic liquid is as high 99%. (Principle 2)
• Seperation of Ionic liquid is easy , just by filtration.
• Reaction condition is mild .(Principle 12)
• No byproducts in the preparation .(Principle 8)

• •Ionic liquids –used in microreactors to synthesize & purify extremely
reactive organometallic compounds (using the Green Chemistry
principles.)
• •Ionic liquids -used for efficient heat storage and transfer in solar
thermal energy systems.
• •Ionic Liquids -dispersing agents in paints to enhance

• appearance and drying properties
• •1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate-used-non
aqueous electrolyte medium -recovery of uranium in spent fuel rods.
• •Some ionic liquids -advantage of both homogeneous and

heterogeneous catalysts.
Conclusion
• Ionic liquids ,as the new materials of multifunction , are widely used in
various of fields.
• Environmently-friendly reaction process have vigorously been studied

from the standpoint of green chemistry and based on the properities
of easy separation , low toxicity , selective miscibility , ILS play an
important role in organic synthesis as the green alternative solvent.

Ionic Liquid 2021 22

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ionic Liquid 2021 22

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ionic Liquid 2021 22

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

IONIC LIQUIDS:

GREEN SOLVENTS FOR THE FUTURE

Ionic liquid in synthesis

 If they are liquid at room temperature, we call them room temperature

Fig: Some common cations and

•Molecular mass:284.18 g mol−1

•Density: 1.38 g/mL

They have small or negligible vapour pressure

• Modulation of melting point with variation of anion &/or

One of the major demerit of ILs

BIOTECHNOLOGY ENERGY CHEMISTRY

Enzyme catalysis Solar Cell Heck Reaction

INDUSTRIAL EXTRACTION ANALYTICAL

• Model of CO 2absorption by an ionic liquid.

MICROWAVE OR ULTRASONIC SYNTHESIS

ROOM TEMPERATURE “WAIT & SEE”

ANIONIC EXCHANGE REACTION

•Ionic liquid-act as solvent in reactions -prevents the waste of

•Ionic liquid –Reused.

•The miscibility gap of most ionic liquids with alkylated

The yield for preparing Ionic liquid is as high 99%. (Principle 2)

Seperation of Ionic liquid is easy , just by filtration.

Reaction condition is mild .(Principle 12)

No byproducts in the preparation .(Principle 8)

• Heck reactions Olefin dimerization

• Suzuki coupling Diels-Alder

• Seperation of Ionic liquid is easy , just by filtration.

• Reaction condition is mild .(Principle 12)

• No byproducts in the preparation .(Principle 8)

• •Ionic Liquids -dispersing agents in paints to enhance

• •Some ionic liquids -advantage of both homogeneous and

• Environmently-friendly reaction process have vigorously been studied

You might also like