PMP - Test

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Which of the following is not TRUE? Answer: d

a. CPM uses most likely time estimate
b. PERT is superior to CPM because it requires
three time estimates per task
c. PERT provides an optimistic, pessimistic and
most likely estimate for each task
d. PERT Formula for variance of a task is (P-O)/6
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7/18/23, 2:18 PM PMP - test Flashcards - Cram.com
Due to the cost overruns, Diane has sent a status

report to the CEO of her company. Assuming he
reads it, she can expect him to remember what
percent of the report?
A. 73% to 77% Answer: A
B. 23% to 27%
C. -25% to 75%
D. 85%
E. 50%
Which of the following methods to resolve conflict

is most likely to create a "wounded warrior"?
A. Forcing
B. Compromising Answer: D
C. Accommodation
D. Avoidance
E. Coercion
Decoder" is not synonymous with "receiver"

because
A. the decoder interprets based on his or her frame
of reference
B. the decoder is not a position on the team
Answer: E
C. the decoder evaluates, uses assumptions and
self-interest while the receiver sees or hears
D. the decoder uses skills and credibility to
challenge the encoder
E. a and c
People generally remember __ % of the spoken

word in 1-2 days and __ % in 2 months.
A. +50, +75
B. +50, +25 Answer: B
C. +75, -25
D. +25, -10
E. +10, -5
In a simple, interactive, one-on-one communication

process, there are the sender and receiver of
information. The sender is the one who transmits
the signals, while the receiver ________ the
signals.
Answer: D
A. accepts
B. mixes
C. rejects
D. interprets [PMBOK p. H-2]
E. intercepts
The communication process must have a medium

to convey information between two or more parties.
The three common media are ________.
A. written, spoken, and signalized
Answer: B
B. visual, audio, and tactile
C. seeing, talking, and listening
D. seeing, listening, and touching
E. none of the above
Communications between two individuals can be

affected by either the attitude of either party or an
external source disrupting the flow of information.
An example of a barrier between the parties
involved in verbal communications and an example
of a disruptive influence could be ________.
A. a wall between desks and a difference in
language skills
B. a third party injecting comments and a fourth Answer: C
party attempting to change the subject
C. an attitude of hostility by the receiver or sender
and a ringing telephone nearby
D. a confrontation over schedules and a lack of a
scheduling tool
E. an excessive spatial distance between the
individuals and one of the individuals has a hearing
loss
Of the five basic approaches to conflict resolution

that characterize an individual's human resource
management style, the one that produces a "win-
lose" outcome whereby the project manager uses
his/her power to overrule the participant in the
conflict is ________. Answer: D
A. confrontation
B. compromise
C. smoothing
D. forcing
E. withdrawal
Management styles affect the confidence level

given a project manager by subordinates, peers,
and superiors. When a project manager is judicial
in his/her management style, s/he is ________ .
A. honest, sincere, able to motivate and to press
for the best and fairest solution, and one who
generally goes "by the books"
B. marked by an eagerness to fight or be
disagreeable over any given situation Answer: E
C. encouraging subordinates to realize their full
potential, cultivates team spirit, and lets
subordinates know that good work will be rewarded
D. one who tends to break apart the unity of the
group by agitating and causing disorder on a
project
E. one who exercises sound judgment in most
areas of the project
ommunications between individuals while talking

may also involve nonverbal communications, or
body language. Body language is most commonly
associated with ________.
A. twisting and shrugging Answer: B
B. gestures and facial expressions
C. toe tapping and foot shuffling
D. dancing and waltzing
E. pointing and smiling
In negotiations, there are always ongoing

communications in an attempt to reach a position
that is mutually agreeable to all parties. One
means (facilitator) of communication during the
negotiation phase is to ________.
A. obtain written concurrence at the end of each Answer: E
session
B. be calm, poised, and patient
C. use surprise as required
D. not be afraid to say no
E. all of the above
Communication includes understanding the other

person and reaching a consensus as to what was
said. The use of ________ is a means of giving
feedback to the speaker by rephrasing the
speaker's words to ensure there is a level of
understanding. Answer: B
A. give-back
B. active listening
C. double talk
D. double speak
E. double entendre
Communications between the project manager and

a team member take many forms, but it would not
include a ________.
A. memorandum announcing a meeting of the
team
Answer: D
B. letter of commendation to a team member
C. performance appraisal for a team member
D. newsletter article reviewing the project's
progress
E. counseling session for a team member
In face-to-face communications, individuals send

two messages when they speak. The two message
aspects are content and command. The first
contains that part of the message about which two
or more persons can agree, and the second
contains ________.
A. that portion that is intentionally meant to be
Answer: B
misunderstood
B. that portion that imposes behavior and the
relationship between the parties
C. inferences as to future messages to be sent
D. reinforcement of prior messages
E. random information that does not contribute to
the message content
Barriers to communication can be invisible to the

casual observer but can often be greater obstacles
than physical barriers. However, barriers do not
include ________.
A. semantic ordinates, or absolute words Answer: D
B. differences in frames of reference
C. lack of credibility or trust
D. an overly technical approach to communicating
E. perceived status difference
Team members may "filter" information to the

project manager for several reasons. Filtering, a
selective reduction in the quantity and quality of
information, is promoted through all of the following
except when the team member ________.
A. does not believe the information to be important
B. receives an adverse reaction when "bad news" Answer: E
is given
C. fails to understand the information in the context
given
D. summarizes to save reporting time
E. takes too long in obtaining the correct
information
The factors of the structural environment can be

manipulated (positively and negatively) to improve
or degrade the effective communications within a
project team. Of the following factors, the one that
can be manipulated the most to change the level of
communications is ________. Answer: C
A. mobility opportunity
B. status
C. organizational climate
D. autonomy
E. security
Project managers must strive to improve

communications within the project team as well as
with external elements. The project manager can
improve communications by removing ________ of
the information.
Answer: B
A. delays, impediments, and barriers
B. filtering, distortion, and blockage
C. haste, waste, and redundancy
D. pushing, pulling, and putting aside
The most basic model for the communication

process consists of three basic elements
________. When these three elements are
present, communication may result.
A. words, illustrations, and mathematics
B. people, transmission medium, and information Answer: D
processor
C. verbal, nonverbal, and physical
D. sender, receiver, and message
E. common language, physical means, and
common understanding
In the communication process, "noise" is the word

used to describe factors and forces inhibiting the
exchange of information between two or more
parties. Noise includes all of the following but
________.
Answer: E
A. culture
B. behavior
C. language
D. traditional way of doing things
E. loud talking
In the project environment, there are four general

categories of communication formal written,
informal written, formal verbal, and informal verbal.
Of the following, the one that is not an example of
formal written communication is a ________.
Answer: D
A. project charter
B. project budget
C. project management plan
D. project engineer's notes
E. project schedule
To ensure a team member understands the work to

be accomplished, the project manager may be
more assured of the effectiveness of his/her
communication by ________.
A. obtaining feedback and evaluating the end result
of the work
Answer: A
B. restating the directive and asking for a
commitment
C. restating the directive and using active listening
D. using active listening and obtaining feedback
E. emphasizing the importance of the work and
restating the directive
Communication to a group in a meeting multiplies

the potential for misunderstanding unless the
structure is maintained. One major communication
consideration in obtaining an understanding and
commitment is that ________.
A. objectives may not be realistic
B. starting the meeting before all participants arrive
ensures some people do not have all the
Answer: D
information
C. asking for additional comments on a subject
only increases the amount of information to be
processed
D. silence on a matter does not ensure
communication
E. addressing only one item at a time does not
provide all related information to be processed
Meeting management facilitates the

communication of information between individuals.
A legitimate reason for assembling the project team
in a meeting includes ________.
A. impressing everyone with the project manager's
power
B. providing an opportunity for individuals to
Answer: C
discuss personal grievances
C. presenting project information and making a
decision on project direction
D. giving the team a chance to talk about its
experience
E. forcing a decision out of the team because any
outcome is going to be unfavorable
The project manager has three primary interests

who need information and are involved in the
project's success. These are the ________.
A. customer, project team, and project
sponsor/boss
B. customer, client, and project team Answer: A
C. client, financial department, and functional
departments
D. project team, project matrix workers, and
subcontractors
E. vendors, subcontractors, and prime contractors
The project manager must maintain an effective

communication link with the customer to ensure the
customer's satisfaction with the progress of the
project. The project manager maintains this link
through ________.
A. subordinates, project team members, and the
project sponsor Answer: C
B. the telephone, facsimile, and data transmission
C. periodic project reports, periodic visits to the
customer, and telephonic exchanges
D. one-time reports, weekly reports, and monthly
reports
E. cost data, schedule data, and performance data
The project manager schedules a quarterly

technical review with the customer to assure
him/her that the project is progressing as planned.
The project manager plans a series of briefings on
the cost, schedule, and technical aspects of the
project that should be presented by ________. Answer: B
A. the project manager himself/herself
B. team members knowledgeable of the areas
C. the customer
D. the functional departments
Suppose the project manager is appointed to

manage a new project that has just been given
approval to start the planning requirements. The
project manager is new to the organization and has
inherited a project team previously selected by top
management. The best method of initiating the
communication process with the team and to
establish the expectations of the project team is to
________.
A. send a formal memorandum to each team
member to outline the objectives, the requirements
of the team, and the time frame for work
Answer: D
B. personally talk to each team member to
determine what he/she would like to do on the
project and how that can be accommodated
C. call a briefing session to set objectives of the
management and direct how these objectives will
be met
D. call a kickoff meeting to present the objectives
and open the floor for discussion on how the
objectives will be achieved
E. prepare a work assignment list and send a copy
to each individual tasked with accomplishing a
planning task
In the project environment, it is helpful to publish a

formal document showing the chain of
communications. This document's greatest
contribution to the project is to ________.
A. limit the authority of staff members on matters
that are the prerogative of the project manager
B. define who can talk to whom within the project
Answer: E
so effective communications can be conducted
C. prevent senior management from "legally"
asking questions of the lower-level staff members
D. define the project manager's communication
authority and responsibilities
E. protect staff members from extraneous requests
and directions
The project environment is always in need of

effective communication for individuals to
exchange and understand information. When
everyone is permitted to talk to anyone, essential
communication ________.
A. can take the shortest route from the sender to
the person needing the information
B. is lost in many informal discussions and most
often is never delivered to the intended receiver Answer: A
C. takes as much as three times longer than when
formal communication channels are followed
D. changes the context in which complex issues
are delivered as compared to formal written
communications
E. becomes nonessential communication because
of the lack of emphasis given to the verbal
message
The customer-project manager relations are

perhaps the most important aspect to the
successful implementation of the project work
because ________.
A. the customer is always right in defining the
contract
B. the customer doesn't understand project
Answer: C
management and must be continually tutored in the
practices
C. the words in the contract often do not convey
the precise meaning of the requirements
D. the project manager's performance evaluation is
based on the relationship with the customer
The project manager must communicate with

several different people in the course of managing
the project. His/her sole purpose for sending a
message is to ________.
A. impress upon the receiver the importance of the
project manager
Answer: C
B. convey words that have a motivating impact on
the receiver
C. convey information or an action
D. convey an image of positive progress for the
project
E. convey a desire or want for the project
Project managers must write correspondence to

many individual parties who are project
stakeholders. The most important aspect of the
project manager's correspondence is to ensure
________.
A. the grammar is correct Answer: C
B. the format is correct for the message
C. the message is clearly conveyed
D. the delivery of the message is made within 24
hours
E. the completeness of the sentences
The most difficult and costly type of communication

performed by the project manager is ________.
A. the formal letter to the customer
B. the meeting or conference Answer: B
C. the technical specification update
D. the contract modification
E. the one-on-one counseling
Meetings may be held for a number of different

purposes and may involve different parties. The
types of meetings may be classified as information
sharing, problem solving, decision making,
planning, and evaluation. The definition of a
problem solving meeting might be ________.
Answer: D
A. organized exchange of data and information
B. selection of a course of action from options and
alternatives
C. future options and alternatives
D. options and alternatives reviewed
E. results achieved reviewed
Suppose the project manager is called to an

information meeting with the customer and a
problem is raised. This problem has major
implications for the project manager's company, but
the customer wants to pursue a solution at the
meeting. The project manager should ________.
A. give the customer a range of solutions that
might be acceptable to his/her company
B. give the customer an interim solution that must
Answer: C
be approved by his/her boss
C. collect as much information on the problem
without committing his/her company to a solution
D. tell the customer that he/she will not address
any problems because this is only an information
exchange meeting
E. tell the customer that the problem is not
sufficiently defined to determine the appropriate
action
Customers often attempt to resolve issues in

meetings with the project manager. The project
manager should anticipate the raising of issues
and be ________.
A. ready and willing to give an immediate response
B. sensitive to all the nuances of the issues but
have a well-considered answer before responding
to the customer Answer: B
C. ready to deflect the issues through persuasion
and argument
D. ready to put up a good argument before giving
in
E. sensitive to the customer's issues but refuse to
respond unless each is codified and formally
endorsed to him/her
Project communications are vital to the success of

the project meeting its objectives. Documentation
is a form of this communication and is often not
recognized as a part of the project. Of the
following, the one that is not a form of project
communications is ________. Answer: D
A. correspondence
B. photographs
C. handwritten memos to file
D. professional magazines
E. telephone logs
139. The project manager's time is limited, and the

opportunity to discuss the project elements with the
team is also limited if the project is to be properly
managed. Therefore, the project manager must
balance his/her time for communications by
________.
A. being reasonably available to key team
members without having an unrestricted open-door
policy
Answer: E
B. showing his/her interest and concern for work
progress through random discussions with groups
at their work sites
C. causing relevant documents to be prepared and
issued following any meetings
D. maintaining a written record of all pertinent
project information and description for use by the
team
E. all of the above
ffective communications between elements of a

large project improves the probability of success
for the project through better information
exchanges. In addition to the communication skills
required for effective communication,
communication planning focuses primarily on
________.
Answer: B
A. the project team and the functional departments
B. the vendors, subcontractors, and other suppliers
of goods
C. the interrelationships within the project team
D. the lines of communication and interfaces
E. the project manager's role and responsibility to
promote information exchange
Communicating requirements to project

participants is the key to establishing the basis for
building a product to "conform to the requirements."
Poor communication is often the cause of
imprecise specifications that a vendor,
subcontractor, or implementation team will be
working on. The most critical point at which the
communications have the chance for being
misinterpreted is ________.
Answer: B
A. during the planning phase when little is fully
understood about the project's requirements
B. the interface between the project team and
suppliers of services or products
C. during close-out when all parties are attempting
to terminate operations and move all assets
D. at meetings and conferences when the agenda
limits the subjects to be discussed
E. all of the above
he documentation of a project is a form of

communication even when the document is
completed and placed in a file for future reference.
This latent form of communication serves a
purpose by recording the facts for future use.
Latent communication is often used to ________.
A. record data for post-project evaluations Answer: E
B. state a position that is a "minority opinion"
C. record actions of project participants to establish
a trail of actions
D. collect bits of information that will subsequently
be aggregated for decision making
E. all of the above
Closing out a project's contract is both an

intellectual (cognitive) issue and an emotional
(affective) issue dealing with details and attitude,
respectively. The communication needed to
effectively complete the contract must deal with
both issues. Therefore, the project manager's job is
to communicate with the customer to confirm the
deliverables, meet the specification or negotiate a
Answer: E
settlement, and obtain certifications while
managing the customer's emotional side in
________.
A. attitude changes toward the project
B. loss of interest in the project implementation
C. assigning new people to the project
D. having key people unavailable for consultation
E. all of the above
The major processes of project communications

management are
A. Communications requirements, information
distribution, performance reporting, and
administrative procedures
B. Communications planning, information
distribution, performance reporting, and
administrative closure
Answer: B
C. Communications planning, information
distribution, progress reporting, and response
planning
D. Communications planning, information
distribution, schedule reporting, and stakeholder
analysis
E. Communications planning, change reporting,
project records, and acceptance
The three major types of communication are

A. Written, oral, and graphic
B. Written, oral, and visual
C. Verbal, written, and electronic Answer: C
D. Verbal, formal documentation, and informal
documentation
E. Verbal, project records, and computerized
Communication barriers are a more frequent

source of conflict in matrix and projectized
environments than functional organizations for all
the following reasons EXCEPT
A. Communication is the prime focus of an
expediter type of project manager
B. Team members are often physically separated in
a matrix or project environment
Answer: A
C. There are increased numbers of levels of
authority in a matrix or projectized environment
D. Team members are often separated in the timing
of their contributions to a matrix or project
environment
E. Team members with differing skills and
backgrounds can be asked to contribute to project
results
A communication plan details all of the following

EXCEPT
A. To whom information will flow, and what
methods will be used to distribute various types of
information
B. What information will be gathered, how it will be
gathered, and how often it will be gathered Answer: D
C. Methods for accessing information between
scheduled communications
D. All memos, correspondence, reports, and
documents related to the project from all personnel
E. Production schedules showing when each type
of communication will be produced
The three principal reasons for maintaining good

document control are
A. Timely communication, collection of
performance appraisal data, and assuring proper
disposal of sensitive documents
B. Timely communication, maintaining proper
approvals, and communication cost control Answer: C
C. Effective communication, ability to reconstruct
why decisions were made, and historical value
D. Security, change management, and procedural
documentation
E. Security, maintaining proper approvals, and
optimizing paperwork flow
Ways to improve listening ability include all of the

following EXCEPT
A. Focusing on concepts and ideas
B. Listening to feedback
C. providing feedback Answer: D
D. Performing other activities while the speaker is
talking
E. Allowing the speaker to complete the entire
message
Communication barriers between the sender and

receiver can include all of the following EXCEPT
A. Cultural differences
B. Differences in motivation Answer: D
C. Unclear expectations
D. Shared assumptions
E. Environment circumstances
Statements such as "It's never been done before"

or "It will cost a fortune" are examples of
A. Feedback
B. Communication blockers Answer: B
C. Conflict generators
D. Forcing
E. Facilitation
The communication "expediter" of a project team is

A. The MIS subject matter expert
B. A project manager
Answer: B
C. A database manager
D. A project secretary
E. The project client
All of the following aid in achieving consensus

EXCEPT
A. Avoiding conflict
B. Maintaining a focus on the problem, not each
Answer: A
other
C. Avoiding voting, trading, or averaging
D. Avoiding self-oriented behavior
E. Seeking facts
Inputs to communication planning include

A. Communications requirements, communication
technology, constraints, and assumptions
B. Stakeholder requirements, project logistics, and
project schedule
C. Stakeholder analysis, communication barriers, Answer: A
and organization structure
D. Communication requirements, project
organization chart, and communication technology
E. Stakeholder survey, RAM, WBS, and
administrative procedures
All of the following are communication tools

EXCEPT
A. Memos
B. Videos Answer: D
C. Body Language
D. Inputting data into a spreadsheet
E. Verbal circulation of a rumor
Manual filing systems, electronic text databases,

and project management software are examples of
A. Information distribution systems
B. Communications technology Answer: D
C. Internal communications systems
D. Information retrieval systems
E. Project records
Most project managers spend about ___________

of their work time engaged in some form of
communications
A. 10%
Answer: E
B. 30%
C. 50%
D. 70%
E. 90%
All of the following are important if the project

manager is to effectively manage communications
within the project team EXCEPT
A. Formalizing and controlling communication
between team members
B. Promoting harmony and trust between team
Answer: A
members
C. Ensuring that feedback occurs in both directions
D. Recognizing the importance of the interpersonal
communication network
E. Understanding that communication involves
both sending and receiving messages
A "tight matrix" is an organizational option

A. In which all team members are brought together
in one location
B. Between a weak matrix and a strong matrix
C. In which functional managers operate in a dual
Answer: A
reporting structure reporting to both their own
departments and to the project manager
D. In which project participants act as a
coordinated team
E. In which a functional level of management exists
Communication is the PRIME responsibility of a

Project
A. Expediter
B. Coordinator Answer: A
C. Manager in a weak matrix environment
D. Manager in a strong matrix environment
E. Manager in a projectized environment
Communications technology factors include all of

the following EXCEPT
A. Expected staffing levels
B. Project length Answer: C
C. Executive requirements
D. Availability of technology
E. Immediacy of the need for information
The best overall effective method of resolving

conflict in a project environment is
A. Smoothing
B. Withdrawal Answer: C
C. Problem solving
D. Compromise
E. Confrontation
Tools and techniques for performance reporting

include all of the following EXCEPT
A. Trend analysis
B. Decision tree analysis Answer: B
C. Earned value analysis
D. Performance reviews
E. Information distribution tools and techniques
The sender is responsible for

A. Scheduling communication exchange
B. Ensuring the receiver agrees with the message
C. Confirming message is understood Answer: C
D. Presenting the message in the most favorable
manner
E. Interpreting the message correctly
Information required to determine project

communications requirements typically includes all
of the following EXCEPT
A. Project organization and stakeholder
responsibility relationships
B. Logistics of how many individuals will be
involved with the project and at which locations Answer: D
C. External information needs, disciplines,
departments, and specialties involved in the project
D. The availability of technology in place at the
project location
E. Project organization and stakeholder
responsibility relationship
Formal acceptance by the client or sponsor of the

product of the project should be prepared and
distributed ______________.
A. As part of Administrative Closure
B. Following the plan as outlined in Quality Answer: A
Management
C. As requested by upper management
D. As part of contract close-out
E. As the last step in project management
The four key stakeholders on every project are

A. Senior managers, customer, sponsor, and
functional managers
B. Project manager, project team, senior
managers, and customer
Answer: C
C. Project manager, customer, performing
organization and sponsor
D. Project manager, functional managers, senior
managers, and customer
E. Suppliers, contractors, customers, and sponsors
Miscommunication, disparities in information, and

unequal access to information are significant trust
inhibitors on teams that are not collocated. A
project manager in this situation should
A. Be extremely clear when communicating with
team members
B. Develop a communication plan to ensure that
Answer: E
team members are kept informed of team issues
C. Keep communication flowing to counteract the
isolation of individuals on distributed teams
D. Facilitate clear communication by encouraging
the technique of having one person repeat what
was heard to ensure understanding
E. All of the above
To determine project communication requirements,

typically all the following information is needed
except
A. Stakeholders' responsibilities and relationships
with the project organization
B. Disciplines, departments, and specialists Answer: E
involved in the project
C. The number of individuals involved in the project
and their locations
D. External communication requirements
E. Project audit requirements
The first step in preparing a presentation is to

A. Define the audience
B. Determine the objective
C. Decide on the general form of the presentation Answer: B
D. Plan a presentation strategy
E. Assess the environment in which the
presentation will be delivered
The three project situations that require the most

negotiation skills are
A. working with functional managers to ensure that
resources are available to support the project,
providing performance appraisals to project team
members, and developing the WBS
B. Developing the WBS, determining the master
schedule, and managing project changes
Answer: D
C. Developing the project team, WBS, and scope
statement
D. Using subcontractors, developing the project
scope statement, and managing changes after the
project is underway
E. Securing upper management support for the
project, working with functional managers, and
building the project team
The purpose of the communication management

plan is to provide
A. Detailed information on the methods that will be
used to gather and store information
B. A description of the information to be distributed,
including its format, content, and level of detail and Answer: E
the conventions and definitions to be used
C. A procedure to update the communication
management plan as the project progresses
D. A and B
E. A, B, and C
Of the following qualifications, which one is the

most important for a project manager?
A. Has supervisory experience
B. Is a qualified negotiator Answer: E
C. Is profit oriented
D. Is educated in a technical field
E. Works well with others
All the following are objectives of the kickoff

meeting except
A. Establishing working relationships and lines of
communication
B. Setting team goals and objectives
Answer: E
C. Reviewing project plans
D. Establishing individual and group responsibilities
and accountabilities
E. Discussing specific legal issues regarding the
contract
When communicating with a process-oriented

person, a project manager should
A. Remain patient when the other person digresses
on arcane topics
B. Emphasize the practicality of his or her ideas
Answer: C
C. Present ideas in a logical, step-by-step manner
D. Allow for small talk, focusing on procedural
details
E. Reference his or her recommendations to TQM
practices
Of the five tools and techniques for performance

reporting, which one integrates cost and schedule
information as a key element of its approach?
A. Performance reviews
Answer: D
B. Variance analysis
C. Trend analysis
D. Earned value analysis
E. Information distribution tools and techniques
The 50-50 rule of progress reporting is used to

A. Calculate the exact BCWP
B. Provide a good statistical approximation of
BCWP Answer: B
C. Determine schedule variance
D. Determine schedule variance in monetary terms
E. Control very large projects
The SPI, which is used to forecast project

completion date, is calculated by using which
formula?
A. BCQP/ACWP
Answer: D
B. BCWS/BCWP
C. ACWS/BCWS
D. BCWP/BCWS
E. BCWP - BCWS
The performance measurement baseline is the

A. BCWS
B. BCWP
Answer: A
C. ACWP
D. ACWS
E. ETC
All the following are barriers to communication

except
A. Liquidated damages provisions in fixed-price
contracts
B. Difficulties with technical language Answer: A
C. Detrimental attitudes associated with low
compensation
D. Distracting environmental factors
E. Lack of clear communication channels
During the project closeout phase, most conflict

arises from
A. Schedule problems
B. Cost overruns Answer: A
C. Technical problems
D. Working interfaces
E. Personality conflicts
In general, disagreements among stakeholders

should be resolved in favor of the
A. Sponsor
B. Customer Answer: B
C. Performing organization
D. Senior management
E. None of the above
When the project team is not collocated,

establishing a way to help team members
communicate quickly and frequently is essential.
One practical approach is to
A. Bring everyone together frequently for meetings
B. Conduct informal audio-conference meetings Answer: B
regularly
C. Hold a project kickoff meeting
D. Set up an electronic yearbook that lists each
team member's accomplishments and background
E. All of the above
A project manager who wants to create a receptive

atmosphere for communicating should
A. Ensure that all communication is clear and
understood
B. Speak or write as he/she would like to be
spoken or written to
Answer: B
C. Have the project team prepare a project
communication plan
D. Ensure that team members have the information
needed to do their work
E. Ensure that team members have the tools
available to facilitate communication
The tool or technique used for communication

planning is
A. Stakeholder analysis
B. Communication skills Answer: A
C. Information retrieval systems
D. Information distribution systems
Which of the following terms describes the strong

pressures within a group to conform to group
norms at the expense of critical and innovative
thinking?
A. Group oppression Answer: C
B. Groupspeak
C. Groupthink
D. Groupthought
E. Groupgrope
Empathetic listening entails understanding another

person's frame of reference. To exhibit empathetic
listening skills, a project manager should
A. Mimic the content of the message
Answer: D
B. Probe, then evaluate the content
C. Evaluate the content, then advise
D. Rephrase the content and reflect the feeling
The presence of communication barriers is most

likely to lead to
A. Reduced productivity
B. Increased hostility Answer: D
C. Low morale
D. Increased conflict
E. Increased stress
As a project communication management process,

administrative closeout consists of verifying and
documenting project results to formalize
acceptance of the project product by the customer.
The output generated from administrative closeout
activities consists of
A. Project archives, formal acceptance, and
lessons learned Answer: A
B. Change requests, project records, and lessons
learned
C. Lessons learned, performance reports, and
change requests
D. Communication management plans, change
requests, and project archives
When communicating with an action-oriented

person, a project manager should
A. Be as brief as possible and emphasize the
practicality of his or her ideas
B. Provide options, including the pros and cons
C. Stress the relationships between his/her Answer: A
proposals and the people concerned
D. Remain patient if the other person goes off on
tangents
E. Speak as quickly as possible to ensure that all
the information is conveyed
The project manager can enhance project

communication and team building by doing all the
following except
A. Having a war room
Answer: C
B. Using a tight matrix
C. Being a good communication blocker
D. Being a communication expediter
E. Holding effective meetings
Of the following factors, which one has the greatest

effect on the project's communication
requirements?
A. Stakeholder responsibility relationships
Answer: D
B. External information needs
C. Availability of technology
D. The project's organizational structure
E. Expected project staffing
Paraphrasing can be achieved by restatement

A. In different terms
B. From general to specific terms
Answer: E
C. From specific to general terms
D. In opposite terms
E. All of the above
The most common communication problem that

occurs during negotiation is that
A. Each side may misinterpret what the other side
has said
B. Each side may give up on the other side Answer: A
C. One side may try to confuse the other side
D. One side may be too busy thinking about what
to say next to hear what is being said
E. Either side may not be paying attention
Which of the following is true regarding

communication within a project environment?
A. The project manager must assume the primary
burden of responsibility to ensure that messages
sent have been received
B. Effective meetings, a war room, and a tight
Answer: B
matrix promote effective communication
C. If a project consists of 12 people, 48 potential
channels of communication exist
D. Most project managers spend 30% of their
working hours engaged in communication
E. All of the above
Performance reports are used to provide

information to stakeholders on project scope,
schedule, cost, and quality. Which statement most
accurately describes this process?
A. The configuration control board receives
performance reports and generates change
requests to modify aspects of the project
B. Performance reporting includes status reports,
which detail where the project is now; progress
reports, which describe accomplishments; and
Answer: B
forecasts, which predict future status and progress
C. Performance reporting focuses on examining
earned value analysis to determine whether cost
overruns will require budget revisions
D. Performance reporting includes histograms flow
charts, and bar charts to show network
dependencies and relationships
E. Performance reporting provides variance
analysis information, which helps the project team
adhere to the zero variance principle
The project manager who adopts the shareholder

manager leadership style
A. Solicits little or no information from his or her
team and makes decisions alone
B. Solicits input fro the team and makes decisions
alone
Answer: D
C. Invites team members to share in project
decision deliberations
D. Delegates decision making to the team without
much information exchange
E. Lets the project team assume as much
leadership responsibility as it will accept
All the following are examples of informal written

communication except
A. Engineers' notes
B. e-Mail messages Answer: C
C. The management plan
D. Memos to team members
E. Post-it notes messages
Communication planning is a process for

determining the information and communication
needs of the
A. Stakeholders
Answer: A
B. Planners
C. Contractors
D. Customer
E. Team members
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Which of the following is not TRUE? Answer: d

Due to the cost overruns, Diane has sent a status

Which of the following methods to resolve conflict

Decoder" is not synonymous with "receiver"

People generally remember __ % of the spoken

In a simple, interactive, one-on-one communication

The communication process must have a medium

Communications between two individuals can be

Of the five basic approaches to conflict resolution

Management styles affect the confidence level

ommunications between individuals while talking

In negotiations, there are always ongoing

Communication includes understanding the other

Communications between the project manager and

In face-to-face communications, individuals send

Barriers to communication can be invisible to the

Team members may "filter" information to the

The factors of the structural environment can be

Project managers must strive to improve

The most basic model for the communication

In the communication process, "noise" is the word

In the project environment, there are four general

To ensure a team member understands the work to

Communication to a group in a meeting multiplies

Meeting management facilitates the

The project manager has three primary interests

The project manager must maintain an effective

The project manager schedules a quarterly

Suppose the project manager is appointed to

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The project manager must communicate with

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Customers often attempt to resolve issues in

Project communications are vital to the success of

139. The project manager's time is limited, and the

ffective communications between elements of a

Communicating requirements to project

he documentation of a project is a form of

Closing out a project's contract is both an

The major processes of project communications

The three major types of communication are

Communication barriers are a more frequent

A communication plan details all of the following