Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                

Biocybernetics

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 3

Biocybernetics

Biocybernetics is the application of cybernetics to biological science disciplines such as neurology and
multicellular systems. Biocybernetics plays a major role in systems biology, seeking to integrate different
levels of information to understand how biological systems function. The field of cybernetics itself has
origins in biological disciplines such as neurophysiology. Biocybernetics is an abstract science and is a
fundamental part of theoretical biology, based upon the principles of systemics. Biocybernetics is a
psychological study that aims to understand how the human body functions as a biological system and
performs complex mental functions like thought processing, motion, and maintaining homeostasis.
(PsychologyDictionary.org)Within this field, many distinct qualities allow for different distinctions  within
the cybernetic groups such as humans and insects such as beehives and ants. Humans work together but
they also have individual thoughts that allow them to act on their own, while worker bees follow the
commands of the queen bee.  (Seeley, 1989). Although humans often work together, they can also separate
from the group and think for themselves.(Gackenbach, J. 2007) A unique example of this within the human
sector of biocybernetics would be in society during the colonization period, when Great Britain established
their colonies in North America and Australia. Many of the traits and qualities of the mother country were
inherited by the colonies, as well as niche qualities that were unique to them based on their areas like
language and personality—similar vines and grasses, where the parent plant produces offshoots, spreading
from the core.  Once the shoots grow their roots and get separated from the mother plant, they will survive
independently and be considered their plant. Society is more closely related to plants than to animals since,
like plants, there is no distinct separation between parent and offspring. The branching of society is more
similar to plant reproduction than to animal reproduction. Humans are a k- selected species that typically
have fewer offspring that they nurture for longer periods than r -selected species. It could be argued that
when Britain created colonies in regions like North America and Australia, these colonies, once they
became independent, should be seen as offspring of British society. Like all children, the colonies inherited
many characteristics, such as language, customs and technologies, from their parents, but still developed
their own personality. This form of reproduction is most similar to the type of vegetative reproduction used
by many plants, such as vines and grasses, where the parent plant produces offshoots, spreading ever
further from the core. When such a shoot, once it has produced its own roots, gets separated from the
mother plant, it will survive independently and define a new plant. Thus, the growth of society is more like
that of plants than like that of the higher animals that we are most familiar with, there is not a clear
distinction between a parent and its offspring. Superorganisms are also capable of the so-called "distributed
intelligence," a system composed of individual agents with limited intelligence and information. These can
pool resources to complete goals beyond the individuals' reach on their own. Similar to the concept of
"Game theory." (Durlauf, S.N., Blume, L.E. 2010) In this concept, individuals and organisms make
choices based on the behaviors of the other player to deem the most profitable outcome for them as an
individual rather than a group.

Terminology
Biocybernetics is a conjoined word from bio (Greek: βίο / life) and cybernetics (Greek: κυβερνητική /
controlling-governing). Although the extended form of the word is biological cybernetics, the field is most
commonly referred to as biocybernetics in scientific papers.

Early proponents
Early proponents of biocybernetics include Ross Ashby, Hans Drischel, and Norbert Wiener among others.
Popular papers published by each scientist are listed below.

Ross Ashby, "Introduction to Cybernetics", 1956[1]


Hans Drischel, "Einführung in die Biokybernetik." 1972[2]
Norbert Wiener, "Cybernetics or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine", 1948[3]

Similar fields
Papers and research that delve into topics involving biocybernetics may be found under a multitude of
similar names, including molecular cybernetics, neurocybernetics, and cellular cybernetics. Such fields
involve disciplines that specify certain aspects of the study of the living organism (for example,
neurocybernetics focuses on the study neurological models in organisms).

Categories
Biocybernetics – the study of an entire living organism
Neurocybernetics – cybernetics dealing with neurological models. (Psycho-Cybernetics was
the title of a self-help book, and is not a scientific discipline)
Molecular cybernetics – cybernetics dealing with molecular systems (e.g. molecular biology
cybernetics)
Cellular cybernetics – cybernetics dealing with cellular systems (e.g. information
technology/cell phones or biological cells)
Evolutionary cybernetics – study of the evolution of informational systems (See also
evolutionary programming, evolutionary algorithm)

See also
Bioinformatics
Biosemiotics
Computational biology
Computational biomodeling
Medical cybernetics
List of biomedical cybernetics software

References
1. W. Ross Ashby, Introduction to Cybernetics. Methuen, London, UK, 1956. PDF text (http://pe
spmc1.vub.ac.be/books/IntroCyb.pdf).
2. Hans Drischel, Einführung in die Biokybernetik. Berlin 1972
3. Norbert Wiener, Cybernetics or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine,
(Hermann & Cie Editeurs, Paris, The Technology Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, John
Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1948).

External links
Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics
Journal "Biological Cybernetics" (https://archive.today/20130111091403/http://www.springer
link.com/link.asp?id=100465)
Scientific portal on biological cybernetics (http://www.biological-cybernetics.eu)
UCLA Biocybernetics Laboratory (http://biocyb.cs.ucla.edu)
Durlauf, Steven N.; Blume, Lawrence E. (2010). "Game Theory and Biology". Game Theory.
pp. 119–126. doi:10.1057/9780230280847_12 (https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9780230280847
_12). ISBN 978-0-230-23890-9.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biocybernetics&oldid=1153336964"

You might also like