JIMMA UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF HEALTH
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM, DTTP, GROUP VIII

POJECT REPORT OF HEALTH AND HEALTH RELATED PROBLEMS IN

MENDERA-KOCHI KEBELE, JIMMA TOWN, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA

Jimma Ethiopia

2022
I. Executive summary
Due to the presence of an unprotected spring, there was a lack of clean water in zone five of Mendera
kochi kebele (setto spring). For the past 20 years or more, this spring has been the community's only
source of water. Because it was unprotected, unfenced, and the spring boxes were unprotected, it was
contaminated by floods, animal manure, and various wastes. This puts the community at risk of diseases.
Water-related disorders were among the kebele's top ten diseases.
One of the challenges related to environmental sanitation was improper trash storage and disposal,
particularly near the local market area. Insects and rats used it as a breeding ground. The population has
been exposed to various diseases as a result of the foul aromas emanating from the location as a result of the
disposal of dead animals. As a result of the pollution, the community has become concerned. Advocacy
campaign to improve proper waste disposal practice in Mendera kochi kebele.
Substance use in the mendera kochi community is high, and it is a major problem among the whole
community.
Substance use particularly; kchat and alchol use were rampant in mendera kochi kebele, and the most
affected segment of the population was youths. The communication plan was focused on the
dissemination of health information materials, to the target population. So’, one meeting was conducted
with youths found in mendera kochi kebele. Health information related to short-term and long-term
health effects of using substances was communicated to youths. IEC materials were distributed to the
aggregate population

The community praised the initiatives and congratulated the team, as well as the JU CBE, notably the health
institute CBE, for their outstanding efforts and timely completion of the projects. They also expressed a
sense of pride in the newly renovated spring. In terms of garbage disposal, community members have
demonstrated a strong commitment to maintaining a regular sanitation program and keeping their villages
clean. Youth were also motivated and intended to protect themselves from using substance.

The sources of buget were governmental offices, nongovernmental organizations and community at whole.
The overall budget fund for the three projects were 126,200.

I
II. Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Jimma university CBE office for arranging this practical field training program
and giving us the opportunity to go through identification of the actual community development problems
and take part in problem solving activities.

Our special thanks also go to our supervisors for their unreserved help starting from the orientation,
constructive comments and support throughout this proposal development. Last but not least, we would
like to extend our thanks to Kebele leaders, Health Extension Workers, school leaders, staffs and the
community at large for their cooperation in the accomplishment of our contents.

II
III. Contents
I. Executive summary ................................................................................................................................ I

II. Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................................. II

IV. List of tables ..................................................................................................................................... VI

List of figures .............................................................................................................................................. VI

1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 1

1.1. Background .................................................................................................................................... 1

1.2. Statement of the problem ............................................................................................................... 3

2. Top Prioritized problems ....................................................................................................................... 5

3. PROJECT ONE: RENOVATION OF PROTECTED SPRING IN MENDERA-KOCHI KEBELE,

IN JIMMA TOWN 2022 .............................................................................................................................. 6

3.1. Project Overview ............................................................................................................................ 6

3.2. Rational of the Project .................................................................................................................... 7

3.3. Project Goal .................................................................................................................................... 7

3.4. Objective ........................................................................................................................................ 7

3.4.1. General Objective ................................................................................................................... 7

3.4.2. Specific Objective ................................................................................................................... 7

3.5. General Strategies .......................................................................................................................... 7

3.6. Beneficiaries ................................................................................................................................... 8

3.7. Stakeholders/ partners involved in the project ............................................................................... 8

3.8. Implementation............................................................................................................................. 10

3.8.1. Activities Conducted and Descriptions ................................................................................. 10

3.9. Budget utilization ......................................................................................................................... 17

3.10. Sustainability ................................................................................................................................ 18

4. PROJECT TWO:- Advocacy campaign to improve proper waste disposal practice in Mendera kochi
kebele, Jimma town, 2022 G.C. .................................................................................................................. 19

III
 4.1. Project Summary .......................................................................................................................... 19

4.2. Rational of the Project .................................................................................................................. 20

4.3. Project Goal .................................................................................................................................. 20

4.4. Objective ...................................................................................................................................... 20

4.4.1. General Objective ................................................................................................................. 20

4.4.2. Specific Objective ................................................................................................................. 20

4.5. Beneficiaries ................................................................................................................................. 20

4.6. Indicators ...................................................................................................................................... 22

4.7. Strategic Activities ....................................................................................................................... 22

4.8. Implementation............................................................................................................................. 22

4.8.1. Activity 1:- awareness creation about proper waste disposal practice on community meeting
22

4.8.2. Activity 2 provision of Health education to the representatives of each zone...................... 23

4.8.3. Activity 3 Provision of health information dissemination(HID) on home level good solid
waste practice (SW) ............................................................................................................................. 25

4.8.4. Activity 4 home to home dry waste disposal collection ....................................................... 25

4.8.5. Activity 5 community sanitation campaign ......................................................................... 26

4.8.6. Activity 6 Disseminating IEC materials regarding proper waste disposal practice.............. 27

5. PROJECT THREE:- ENHANCING THE AWARENESS TO MINIMIZE SUBSTANCE USE AND

RELATED PSYCHOSOCIAL PROBLEMS IN Mendera Kochi KEBELE, JIMMA TOWN 2022......... 29

5.1. PROJECT PROFILE: ................................................................................................................... 29

5.2. Description and context................................................................................................................ 30

5.3. Project GOAL AND Objectives ................................................................................................... 30

5.3.1. Project Goal: ......................................................................................................................... 30

5.3.2. Objectives: ............................................................................................................................ 30

5.4. Beneficiaries ................................................................................................................................. 30

IV
 A. Direct beneficiaries .......................................................................................................................... 30

B. Indirect beneficiaries ........................................................................................................................ 30

5.5. Stakeholders/partners involved .................................................................................................... 31

5.6. Indicators: ..................................................................................................................................... 32

5.7. Strategic Activities ....................................................................................................................... 32

5.8. Implementation............................................................................................................................. 35

6. Problems encountered during projects implementation ...................................................................... 37

7. Solution attempted ............................................................................................................................... 37

7.1. Lesson learnt from DTTP ................................................................................................................ 38

8. General Summary of the Three Projects.............................................................................................. 39

8.1. OVERVIEW OF THE DTTP TEAM .......................................................................................... 39

8.2. DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR PROJECTS ................................................................................... 39

PROJECT TITLE – I: ............................................................................................................................. 39

PROJECT TITLE – II: ............................................................................................................................ 40

PROJECT TITLE – III: ........................................................................................................................... 40

8.3. Financial Value Summary of the Projects .................................................................................... 41

9. BENEFICIARIES FROM THE PROJECTS AND ACTIVITIES .................................................. 42

A. DIRECT BENEFICIARIES: ........................................................................................................... 42

B. INDIRECT BENEFICIARIES: ....................................................................................................... 42

9.1. PROBLEMS OF THE COMMUNITY VERSUS BENEFITS OF THE PROJECTS: ................ 42

9.2. COMMUNITY PROSPECTS ...................................................................................................... 44

9.3. PROJECT SUSTAINABILITY ................................................................................................... 45

V
IV. List of tables
Table 3: Summary of plan and achievement of activities in Mendera kochi, Jimma ,Ethiopia, January 2022 ............16

Table 4: budget utilization of spring construction at Mendera kochi Kebele, Jimma ,Ethiopia, January, 2022 ..........17

Table 5: Summary of Stakeholders/partners involvement in the advocacy campaign project .....................................21

Table 6: project implementation report solid waste management system project of Mendera Kochi Kebele, Jimma town,

Ethiopia, January, 2022 ......................................................................................................................................28

Table 7: project implementation report of minimizing substance use and related psychosocial problems in Mendera Kochi

kebele, Jimma town, Ethiopia, January, 2022 ....................................................................................................31

1Table 2

List of figures
Figure 1: Community mobilization for spring construction, Mendera kochi, Jimma , Ethiopia, January 2022Error!
Bookmark not defined.

VI
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1.Background
Sustainable development goal 6 (SDG 6) envisions universal, sustainable, and equitable access to safe
drinking water, sanitation and hygiene. SDG 6 also emphasizes the imperative of protecting and
efficiently managing water resources and the need to address wastewater management. The need for risk-
informed planning to ensure the long-term security and safety of water sources is more essential than ever
Rapid and effective WASH interventions (1).

In Ethiopia there were using unimproved water sources for drinking purposes is common. Spatial
variation of unimproved water coverage was observed with high coverage at Amhara, Afar, Southern
Nations Nationalities and People and Somalia regions. Disparity in unimproved water coverage between
wealth quintiles was also observed. The reported point-of-use water treatment practice among these
households is only 6.24% (6).

The Jimma town tape water bacteriological analysis showed that 25% of the water samples were
acceptable but need regular check-up, and the rest 75% are either unacceptable or glossily polluted (7).
Mendera Kochi kebele is one of the kebeles’ in Jimma town and has problem with water supply, hygiene
and sanitation. We get unprotected spring water that cause water related disease to the community so that
we have a plan to renovate this spring water.

Waste management systems cover all actions that seek to reduce the negative impacts on health,
environment and economy. Developing countries are seriously facing the associated problems in
collection, transportation and disposal of communal wastes. In Africa, due to unplanned communities and
developments in major cities, environmental and sanitary conditions are becoming very complex. A study
from developing country showed that, majority of households do not properly managed solid and liquid
wastes after collection, and substantial amount of people, dump on open field/space.

The use of substances is a growing concern in world, and their impacts on younger generation have been
a concern of different nation. Substances such as alcohol, khat, and tobacco are widely used and they are
leading causes of human sufferings and become important public health and socioeconomic issue
globally(2). Psychoactive substances act on the central nervous system and change the activities of the

1
brain. These substances have wide range of effects, including short-term changes in perceptions, mood,
consciousness, and behaviours.

Current trends showed that the use of psychoactive substances have considerably increased
predominantly in developing countries including Ethiopia as well as few East African and the Gulf
nations. In Ethiopia these addictive substances such as Khat, tobacco and alcohol are widely used by
adolescents and youth and these substances affects an individual’s health and psychosocial behaviours.

People in Ethiopia use substances and facing its consequences. The commonest substances used in
Ethiopia are Khat, alcohol and tobacco/ cigarette. Chewing khat leaves, which has an amphetamine like
effects, is practiced in a social activity by Ethiopians.

To reduce substance use, particularly on youths, it is important to communicate the immediate and log
run impact of the problem by using different communication means.

2
1.2.Statement of the problem
From global population 2 billion people who still lacked safely managed drinking water in 2020 included
1.2 billion people using basic services, 282 million using limited services, 367 million using unimproved
sources, and 122 million drinking surface water.

More than 840,000 people in low and middle-income countries die due to inadequate water, sanitation
and hygienic problem every year, and it accounts about 58% of total diarrheal death. Poor sanitation is
believed to be the major cause for 280,000 of these deaths.(8).

Ethiopia like many other countries in Sub-Saharan Africa has low levels of water, sanitation and hygiene
facilities and practices. The national coverage figures for access to safe rural water supply within 1.5km
are quoted to be 41% and access to safe urban water supply within 0.5 km to be 78%. Sanitation coverage
is quoted to be 18% in rural areas and 57% in urban areas. It has been reported that 60% of overall
diseases is related to poor sanitation and hygiene in Ethiopia (9).

Similarly,acoording to EDHS, 97% of urban households have access to an improved source of drinking
water, as compared with 57% of rural households. But in our finding 81.2% of households access to
improved source of drinking water. (EDHS, 2016).

A household survey conducted in JIMMA zone declared that, almost all water samples collected from the
households were contaminated by fecal bacteria and were unsafe for human consumption. In addition,
household’s water treatment practice at the point of use was still low (servey prop 20).

A common problem among Sub-Saharan cities is lack of appropriate institutional mechanisms to folly
address the solid waste management question. Rapid urbanization, abject poverty and inadequate
management capacity at the municipal l level have constrained the ability of cities to provide basic
collection and disposal services, resulting into numerous social and environmental ills. Urbanization
and rapid economic growth in the country has resulted into large increase in refuse output. Waste
management (WM) is one of the basic services that are currently receiving wide attention in the urban
agenda of many developing countries. Scholars has reported that lack of effective waste management
can result in environmental health hazards and has negative impact on the environment. This extends
wider than just the geographical l boundaries of the town or municipalities (6).

A study from developing country showed that, majority of households do not properly managed solid
and liquid wastes after collection, and substantial amount of people, dump on open field/space, such

3
contribute breeding sites for rodents, flies, mosquitoes, snake and harbour for other dangerous animals
as well as blocking the free flow of run-off(7). Ethiopia has adopted environmental policy, municipal
solid waste management proclamations, and other related regulations; however, its implementation
and enforcement are not well practiced in the country. Waste management in Ethiopia is associated
with various environmental, social, and economic issues that require critical attention from the
government and other concerned body.

Problem of waste disposal also reported in jimma town, the commonest wastes observed in the were:
khat remnants; home rubbish and food remnants; polithyne bags (pestal); torn shoes and clothes,
broken bottles/plates, horse dung; carcass; pieces of iron implements and wood. Combinations of
factors are responsible for the waste production and disposal problem in jimma the rapidly urbanizing
of Jimma and educational institutions and Churches are very glaring. Our preliminary assessment and
survey result also revealed that, Solid and liquid waste disposal, above half of households use open
field and street dumping for disposal as well as they do not recycle wastes produced at home.

About one in three adults, or 1.1 billion people, smoke. By 2025, the number is expected to rise to more
than 1.6 billion. In an initial estimate of factors responsible for the global burden of disease, tobacco
contributed to 6 % of all deaths worldwide, followed by alcohol at 1.5 % and illicit drug use at 0.2 %(3).

About 4.4% of Ethiopian adolescents and youth smoke cigarettes or other tobacco products. The
practice is more common among urban adolescents and youth and among those in Harari, Somali and
Dire Dawa regions. Nearly half (45.6%) consume alcohol more than six times in a month. Prevalence
of alcohol consumption is higher among male (47.7%) than female (43.5%) adolescents and youth,
among rural than urban residents. In terms of regional prevalence, alcohol consumption is higher
among adolescents and youth in the regions of Amhara, Benishangul-Gumuz, Tigray and Afar
compared to the other regions. Recent evidence shows that 36.6% of 15-29 years adolescents and
youth are using any form of alcohol, higher among males-42.6% than females-29.5%(6).

A qualitative study was done in Jimma town to explore substance use in the community, and it reviled
that substance use is a major problem among the youth of Jimma town. The study indicated that khat,
alcohol, cigarettes and shisha or water pipes were the most commonly used substances. The
participants reported that substance use among the youth was increasing. According to interviewees,
some students start using substances right from the elementary school level(7).

4
2. Top Prioritized problems
The rapid assessment conducted earlier and the survey which conducted later on were revealed that,
Utilization of Unprotected spring water, Substance use problem and Improper solid and liquid waste
disposal system were the major health and health related problems in mendera kochi kebele. Therefor our
intervention plans were focused on the aforementioned health and health related problems. To overcome
the utilization of Utilization of Unprotected spring water, we were plan to renovate the spring water
which was the only water source for more than hundred and forty households. To solve a problems
related to poor waste disposal system, we were design an advocacy plan, which includes, mobilization of
the community, conducting a sanitation campaign and creating awareness up on the health effect of
improper waste disposal practice. Our last plan was creating awareness on short and long run effect of
substance use on the health of individuals. The overall reports on the completed projects are exhaustively
elaborated as follows.

5
3. PROJECT ONE: RENOVATION OF PROTECTED SPRING IN MENDERA-KOCHI
KEBELE, IN JIMMA TOWN 2022

3.1.Project Overview
Project title: Renovation of Protected Spring in Mendera-Kochi Kebele, in Jimma Town 2022.

General objective; To reduce morbidity and mortality related to water borne diseases Mandera
Kochi kebele Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia 2022 GC

Duration of the Project: One Month

Start Date: February 16, 2022

Area of Operation: zone 5 Mandera Kochi Jimma town

Tell: +251912346729/+251939375191/+251938803434

Type and Number of Beneficiaries: 70 HHs Households

Implementing Agency: Mandera Kochi Kebele DTTP team of 2022.

Donor (Source of Budget): Stakeholders

Total Budget: 68,900 ETB

Contact Person: FROMSA KASSA/ REHIMA MUZEYIN /TESFAYE GETACHEWE

6
3.2.Rational of the Project
Access to safe water for drinking and sanitation should be available to every human being, now and
in the future. However, findings from our study in Mendera Kochi kebele revealed that about 19.8%
of households were using unimproved spring water as a source of water for drinking in the kebele,
we were plan to reduce this by 8% and to make it 11.8%.

3.3.Project Goal
To reduce morbidity and mortality related to water borne diseases Mendera Kochi kebele Jimma
Town, Southwest Ethiopia

3.4.Objective
3.4.1. General Objective
To renovate a protected spring and increase awareness on water treatment practice in Mendera
Kochi kebele Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia, 2022 GC.

3.4.2. Specific Objective

 To renovate spring water protection box to reduce contamination of water sources.

 To perform water quality assessment

 To rise community awareness on household water treatment system

3.5.General Strategies

 Community mobilization
 Interpersonal communication
 Resource mobilization
 Intersect-oral collaboration
 Group members’ mobilization

7
3.6. Beneficiaries
A. Direct Beneficiaries

Estimated more than 140 HHs in zone 5, Mendera Kochi

B. Indirect Beneficiaries

 All Jimma town population

 Jimma town water and energy office

 Mendera Kochi kebele administration office

3.7.Stakeholders/ partners involved in the project

Table 2 Stake holder analysis of safe water supply project of Mendera kochi kebele, Jimma town Ethiopia
2022

Roles in the project implementation Remark

Stakeholders

Zone 5 Serving in daily tasks such as digging, cleaning the project

Community site
members Bring raw materials like stone and wood

Actively involved in the health information dissemination

Contributed in fund raising

Carried out materials to project site

Established diversion ditch

Prepared lunch and coffee for construction experts and

daily laborers

Kebele Assigned contact person for the project

Administrati Gave formal letter to gain support from different stake

8
on holders

Kept raw materials obtained from different stake holders

until transported to project site

Participated in Hand overing of the project

Water and  Providing wood and sand sand.

drainage
 Chlorine for treatment of water
office
 Technical support during implementation Participated in
laboratory analysis

 Consultant engineer, on the construction

DTTP  Mobilized the community

members
 Availed materials which were not gained from stake
holders

 Close follow up of the project

 Providing Health education on clean and safe water

utilization

 Participated in laboratory analysis of sampled water

 Participated in selecting experienced workers in the spring

box development.

Involved in bringing materials to project site.

 Participated on the construction in labor

9
3.8.Implementation
3.8.1. Activities Conducted and Descriptions
A. Community mobilization

First communities were informed by the leader of zone 5 then information was provided by team
members on the importance of project and its way of implementation.

Discussed with the communities about their roles and responsibilities during the implementation
of the spring box development.

Explored expected challenges and their solutions.

B. Procurement of construction materials from different stake holders

Different materials which are needed for the construction of the spring box development were obtained
from different stakeholders (JU, Water and drainage office, Municipality).

Figure 1Figure1.
Ethiopia, January 2022
Taking Sand and Cement by car to the project site Mendera kochi, Jimma,

10
Figure 2 showing spring site before construction Mendera kochi, Jimma, Ethiopia, January 2022

11
 Figure 3 spring water during removal of old pad Mendera kochi, Jimma, Ethiopia, January 2022

Figure 4 supervisors participating construction Mendera kochi, Jimma, Ethiopia, January 2022

12
Figure4 : Final spring box constructed Mendera kochi, Jimma, Ethiopia, January 2022

Fig. renovated spring water visied by Supervisors

13
Fig: - Inaugurating the spring water

14
Fig. recognizing different staakholders during inaguration

Fig final messages from invited guests to the community

15
Table 3: Summary of plan and achievement of activities in Mendera kochi, Jimma ,Ethiopia, January
2022

Activities Unit P Achievem

l ent % Re
a mar
n k

1 Community 4 10
mobilization for Sessio 4 0
soliciting funds from n
stakeholders

4 Community Sessio 3 2 67
sensitization and n
conducting meeting
session with different
stakeholders

5 Providing health Numb 80 80

education er 1
0
0

6 Undertake water sample 1 1 10

for laboratory analysis Sampl 0
e

16
3.9.Budget utilization
Table 4: budget utilization of spring construction at Mendera kochi Kebele, Jimma ,Ethiopia, January,
2022

S. Budget Unit Plan Actual Remark

o
N category/activities [ETB] expenditure

Transportation Session 2000 4000

Total cost of amount 10000 37,0400

construction
materials in kind
–

In cash-

Experts- number 5000 15,000

3

5 Community daily number 6000 10,000

work

6 Team members amount 700 2500

daily expense

Grand total 68,900

17
3.10. Sustainability
The re-innovated spring water for zone five project in Mendera Kochi Kebele was handed over to
Jimma town water and sewerage, as well as Mendera Kochi Kebele officials, with a directive to keep
the project going for the community's benefit. The project has been handed over to the Mendera
Kochi Kebele administration, Jimma town water supply, and local inhabitants. Administrators from
the kebele chose and allocated the committee, along with their work duties. The responsibility of this
committee is to keep and maintain what is required.

18
4. PROJECT TWO:- Advocacy campaign to improve proper waste disposal
practice in Mendera kochi kebele, Jimma town, 2022 G.C.

4.1.Project Summary
 Project Title: Advocacy campaign to improve proper waste disposal practice in
Mendera kochi kebele, jimma town, 2022 G.C.
 General Objective: To Improve waste disposal practice in Mendera kochi kebele, jimma town, 2022
G.C.
 Duration of the Project: One Month
 Start Date: February 24, 2022
 Area of Operation: Mendera kochi kebele, Jimma town
 Type and Number of Beneficiaries: 4785 Households
 Implementing Agency: Mendera kochi kebele DTTP team of 2022G.C.
 Donor (Source of Budget): Stakeholders
 Total Budget: 8, 500ETB
 Contact Person: Shimels Wendimu, Imamu bulcha

19
4.2.Rational of the Project
Best practice in awareness-raising will effectively encourage waste prevention, reuse and recycling
behaviour of the community; bringing the issue of poor waste disposal practice to the concerned
body is also crucial. So, this advocacy campaign project is also focus on improving the community
awareness up on waste disposal and influencing kebele administration and municipality in order to
develop an organized waste disposal system for household level to the waste disposal place.

4.3.Project Goal
A. Creating a clean and conducive living environment for the community.

4.4.Objective

4.4.1. General Objective

 To conduct advocacy campaign to improve proper waste disposal practice in Mendera

kochi kebele, jimma town, 2022 G.C.

4.4.2. Specific Objective

 To Conducting sanitation campaign in Mendera kochi kebele, jimma town, 2022 G.C.

 To improve Awareness about proper waste disposal practice, in Mendera kochi kebele,
jimma town, 2022 G.C.

 To Increas understanding about waste reduction, reuse, recycling and resource recovery
in Mendera kochi kebele, jimma town, 2022 G.C.

4.5.Beneficiaries
A. Direct beneficiaries:

 Households in Mendera kochi kebele

B. Indirect beneficiaries:

 All Jimma town population.

 Jimma town municipal office

 Mendera Kochi kebele administration office

20
Table 5: Summary of Stakeholders/partners involvement in the advocacy campaign project

Stakeholders Roles in the project implementation Remark

Community members  Involved in the community meeting

 Intensively participate on the sanitation
campaign
 Active involvement in the health
information dissemination and
demonstration session

Kebele Administration  Allow as to work with the cleaners, those

and municipality who work in safety-net.
 Facilitation of the campaign day

Office of the safety-net  Helping on the arrangement of the

campaign

Safty-net members  Mobilizing community for provision of

HID
 Support and participate in joint meeting
with stakeholders

School directors and  Work with us during school sanitation

students campaign

Jimma university CBE  Assigned supervisors for regular follow

office up and support
 Supported and close follow up throughout
project intervention

21
4.6.Indicators
 Number of sanitation campaign conducted
 Number of HHs who practice solid waste segregation at home level
 Number of IEC material distributed

4.7.Strategic Activities
 Community mobilization by conducting meeting with the zone representatives and sensitization
activities to promote awareness on proper solid waste management.
 Working in collaboration with the kebele, school and municipality.
 Make a good rapport with the safety-net members
 Other stakeholder engagement

4.8.Implementation
4.8.1. Activity 1:- awareness creation about proper waste disposal practice on community
meeting
Meeting with the community members were conducted and six individuals from each zone, three kebele
leaders, one municipality representative, and five safety net coordinators, totally fourty five individuals
were participated on the meeting. After opening remark was done by the kebele representative, detailed
discussion was conducted with the participants. The problem of improper waste disposal practice were
raised as an agenda and members of the kebele were react on it, the possible solutions suggested by the
DTTP team and the community were discussed.

FIG1 Meeting of members and preparing the meeting hall for awareness creation about proper waste
disposal

22
Fig 2. kebele representative speech

4.8.2. Activity 2 provision of Health education to the representatives of each zone

Health information on the effect of waste and the mechanisms to reduce the problem was communicated
to the members.

Fig 3 Refreshment during community meeting

23
Fig presenting activity report for the community.

Fig:-
participants react during community meeting

24
 4.8.3. Activity 3 Provision of health information dissemination(HID) on home level good
solid waste practice (SW)
Health information dissemination has been conducted from the commencement of the project in different
occasions, using community gathering that was organized by Kebele administration as well as on the
campaign day. The HID was guided by a manual prepared by the group members. A total of 200 lefelates
were distributed, 2 banners and 15 posters about proper waste disposal were hung in the centre of the
kebele.

Fig IEC materials on the waste disposal prepared and distributed

4.8.4. Activity 4 home to home dry waste disposal collection

25
 4.8.5. Activity 5 community sanitation campaign
A sanitation camping in the community was conducted, in collaboration with the kebele safty net team and
involving the community members, the sanitation campaign was done in each zone. Concomitantly with the
campaign health information dissemination was done. Prior to the campaign day community mop-up was
done

All the community members were mobilized for the campaign, by communicating with the
kebele administrators and the safty net office a campaign call was distributed to all zones of the
kebele,

Figure: - community prepared for sanitation campaign

26
 After two consecutive day of mobilization of the community, members of the kebele community were
massively presence in the campaign day. After provision of directions by the kebele leaders and the DTTP
students, the campaign was started. The common small market places and potentially vulnerable areas for
garbage’s were the focus of the sanitation campaign. By dividing the community members in to small sub
team, the sanitation campaign was conducted to reach the important arias.

4.8.6. Activity 6 Disseminating IEC materials regarding proper waste disposal practice
200 leaflets were distributed alongside the sanitation campaign, and tow banners and fifteen posters about proper
waste disposal were hung in the centre of the kebele. In the meantime, information about proper waste disposal
were communicated to the community.

27
Table 6: project implementation report solid waste management system project of Mendera Kochi
Kebele, Jimma town, Ethiopia, January, 2022

Achievement
S. No Activities N0. % Remark
Unit Plan

Provision of HID on
home level SW
practice Session 1 1 100
1.
provision of Health
education to the
representatives of
1 1 1 100
2. each zone

school sanitation
campaign
3. Session 1 1 100

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5. PROJECT THREE:- ENHANCING THE AWARENESS TO MINIMIZE SUBSTANCE
USE AND RELATED PSYCHOSOCIAL PROBLEMS IN Mendera Kochi KEBELE,
JIMMA TOWN 2022
5.1. PROJECT PROFILE:
 Project title: Enhancing awareness to minimize substance use and related psychosocial problems,
Mendera Kochi kebele, jimma town, 2022
 General objective: To minimize substance use and related psychosocial problems in Mendera Kochi
kebele, jimma town, 2022
 Duration of the Project: One Month
 Start Date: march 01, 2022
 Area of Operation: Mendera Kochi Kebele, Jimma town
 Direct beneficiary: Individuals or adolescent in the school, Teachers, communities in Mendera Kochi
Kebele.
 Indirect beneficiary: Communities in Jimma Town.
 Implementing Agency: Mendera Kochi Kebele DTTP team of 2022 G.C.
 Donor (Source of Budget): Stakeholders
 Total Budget: 20,000 ETB
 Contact Person: Urge

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5.2.Description and context
This project will have several advantages. It is known that, now a day’s, substance use related problems
becomes public health problems that different segment of the community including school adolescents are
under the influence of the substance. This was supported by our findings in Mendera Kochi kebele which
indicated that more than one third of the communities have been used different type of substance. In line with
implementation of this project play great role in enhancing the community awareness toward substance use
and related psychosocial problems.

5.3.Project GOAL AND Objectives

5.3.1. Project Goal:
 Enhancing the awareness of the community toward substance use and related psychosocial problems in
in Mendera Kochi kebele, Jimma town, 2022

5.3.2. Objectives:
 To minimize substance, use and related psychosocial problems in Mendera Kochi kebele, Jimma town,
2022

5.4.Beneficiaries
A. Direct beneficiaries
 Individuals or adolescent in the school, Teachers, communities in Mendera Kochi Kebele

B. Indirect beneficiaries
 Communities in Jimma Town

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5.5.Stakeholders/partners involved
Table 7: project implementation report of minimizing substance use and related psychosocial problems in Mendera
Kochi kebele, Jimma town, Ethiopia, January, 2022

Stakeholders Roles in the project implementation Remark

Community members  Active involvement in the health information

dissemination
 Contribution in fund raising

Mendera Kochi elementary school  Willingness and interest to be participated in

community HID, Training, Club establishment
 Identification and selection of students and
teachers for training
 Willingness to provide room for training and
Participated established club.

Kebele Administration  Willingness and participate to work with us

in all activities

Health Extension Workers  Support and participate in joint meeting with

stakeholders
 Participate in training

Private organization and NGOs  Contribution in fund raising

Jimma university CBE office  Assigned supervisors for regular follow up

and support
 Supported and close follow up throughout
project intervention

JU Health education department  Technical supports on educational materials (

suggestions, comments...)

JU community FM radio  Permission, giving us air time

concerning bodies  Participation in assigning journalists

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5.6.Indicators:
 Number of health information sessions conducted and attendants in school facilities & in public areas, and
through Local community radio

 Number of training session and number of trained students, health extension workers and teachers

 Number of IEC material (banner) distributed at public places.

5.7.Strategic Activities
 School community mobilization through discussion with school administration, teachers, students and
already stablished club leaders to promote their participation in planned activities to enhance the awareness
of the community toward substance use and related psychosocial problems.

 Community mobilization to implement the project

 Working in collaboration with stakeholders in obtaining required resources for this purpose

 Establishing substance free guidance and counseling club

 Communication with local community radio governing bodies and journalists to establish air time program
for health information dissemination

 Posting Banner at 2 public place

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Table:Activities done to minimize substance use and related psychosocial problems in Mendera Kochi kebele,
Jimma , Ethiopia, January 2022

Objecti Activity done to Time frame Responsible Remark

ve achieve objective
1st 2nd 3rd 4th Body
week week week week

To minimize Health information

substance use dissemination given
M-K kebele
and related for school
psychosocial community DTTP group
problems in
Training was given M-K kebele
Mendera
for the students
Kochi Kebele,
Jimma town Training was given DTTP group
for teachers

Training was given M-K kebele

for HEWs

Health information DTTP group

dissemination was
given for business
owners around Ginjo
primary school

Health information M-K kebele

dissemination was
conducted through
local community FM
radio

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Establishment of DTTP group
SGCC club

IEC material M-K kebele

(banner) was posted
at public places.

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5.8.Implementation
1. Health information dissemination about substance use.
1.1. HID for youths
First, the team was discussed with Kebele administrative on objective of this project to mobilize youths about the
issue. We use the sanitation campaign day as an opportunity to get youths, prior to the sanitation campaign the
DTTP team was communicate with the youth office (wald) of the kebele, to include youths in the sanitation
campaign, then by using the opportunity, message about the long and short term health effect of substance like
Kcaht and alchol was communicated to the youths, by using different IEC materials.

35
Fig:- Distributing Broachers and posters to youths, to create awareness about substance use health
effect

36
6. Problems encountered during projects implementation
 Lack of sufficient budget timely

 Not keeping promise from different organizations

 Repeated appointment from different organizations

 Kebele administration being occupied by different activities like meeting which made not to
have frequent contact with the required body

 Shortage of material

 Lack of transportation to move to different organizations

 Bureaucracy in different offices

 Time constraint

7. Solution attempted
 contacting continuously with different organizations for appointments and funds

 Convincing and conducting meeting with kebele administrative to give due attention this
activity

 raising funds from different bodies

 Using contract for transportation

 Some of the materials were transported by man power labor.

 Changing approaches of communication, using influential persons to solve bureaucracy.

 Grouping the team into sub group and having schedules for the visit and supervision of the
spring area

 Working weekends to solve time constraints.

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7.1. Lesson learnt from DTTP
 how to work within a team composed of different disciplines

 Share experiences and skills from the group work

 How to come up with the community problem using scientific methods and the ways of
intervention

 How to develop project proposals for resource mobilization

 Communication skills with different stakeholders

 How to create sense of owner ship in the community

 How to participate the community in every activities and its importance

 Possibility of intervening community problems if we work together with the community and
other stakeholders

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8. General Summary of the Three Projects

8.1.OVERVIEW OF THE DTTP TEAM

DTTP of Mendera kcohi kebele started with twenty post graduate students from different discipline of
institute of health science. The team started its formal work by identifying the community health
problems by conducting mixed research (Qualitative and Quantitative) and prioritizing them for
intervention. Accordingly, presence of unprotected spring water in zone 5 (without renovation for
more than 20 yrs), improper waste disposal practice, and substance use (kchat and alchol) were the
highly prioritized problems

Then, the team designed and implemented the following project to overcome the aforementioned
problems.

8.2. DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR PROJECTS

PROJECT TITLE – I: RENOVATION OF UNPROTECTED SPRING IN MENDERA-KOCHI
KEBELE, JIMMA TOWN 2022
For more than 20 years, seetto spring had gone un-renovated, and it was the only supply of water for
more than 140 families. The DTTP team discovered three major concerns when we began to re-invent
the spring. The problems were (the spring was not protected, the volume of water is limited, and it
was completely disregarded by the water office.

Considering the three challenges listed above, the DTTP team began its work by looking for potential
funding sources, engaging the community, and contacting the water office. The construction work
then began with the excavation of the overall spring component and the collection of all feasible
spring sources, as well as the construction of the inner wall, in order to enhance the volume of water.
A tunnel and two sealed boxes were used to build the upper cover of the spring water. Following that,
the spring water compound was fenced to preserve the boxes and prevent persons and animals from
entering the spring sources. Following the completion of the construction, the team talks with a water
office and deals with the routine monitoring and follow-up of the spring water, and home-based water
treatment awareness was transmitted to the community.

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PROJECT TITLE – II: Advocacy campaign to improve proper waste disposal practice in
Mendera kochi kebele, Jimma town, 2022 G.C.
To overcome the second identified problem in mendera kochi kebele, an advocacy campaign was
conducted. The campaign was mainly focused on improving proper waste disposal practice in the
community and raising awareness about environmental sanitation.

This initiative required extensive community mobilization and involvement. First, two consecutive
community meetings were held, during which the topic of garbage disposal was raised and discussed,
relevant health information about waste disposal was provided, and a cleanliness campaign day was decided
with the community members. More than 250 volunteers took part in the sanitation initiative, which targeted
the most common trash-accumulation hotspots. IEC materials were also used to provide health information.
More than 200 brochures, 30 posters, and two enormous banners were distributed.

PROJECT TITLE – III: communication plan to decrease substance use (kchat and alcohol) in mendera
kochi kebele, in jimma town: 2022 g.c
Substance use particularly; kchat and alchol use were rampant in mendera kochi kebele, and the most
affected segment of the population was youths. The communication plan was focused on the
dissemination of health information materials, to the target population. So’, one meeting was conducted
with youths found in mendera kochi kebele. Health information related to short-term and long-term
health effects of using substances was communicated to youths. IEC materials were distributed to the
aggregate population

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 8.3.Financial Value Summary of the Projects
S Project name Total Main Sources of the budget Remark
. budget
N
1 Renovation of 98,600  Community of Jimma town 31, 000

unprotected spring in  Private business owners in Jimma ETB

town labor and
mendera-kochi kebele,
jimma town 2022 G.C  Mekhane yesusu church jimaa. professio

 Jimma town water and sewerage nal cost

office of the

 Jimma town municipality team

 Community of dummoo village members

2 Advocacy campaignto 15,900  Mendera kochi kebele administrative 6000
improve proper office Professio
waste disposal practice nal cost
in Mendera kochi of the
kebele, Jimma town, team
2022 G.C. members

3 Communication plan to 12,700 5000

decrease substance use Professio
(kchat and alcohol) in nal cost
mendera kochi kebele, of team
in jimma town: 2022 members
G.C

Total budget 126,20 42,000

0 Total
professio
nal cost.

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9. BENEFICIARIES FROM THE PROJECTS AND ACTIVITIES

A. DIRECT BENEFICIARIES: Community members of mendera kochi kebele, youths, zone

five community of the kebele.

B. INDIRECT BENEFICIARIES: Jiamma town population at large, jimma town youths.

Jimma town water office, municipality and menedera kochi kebele administration.

9.1. PROBLEMS OF THE COMMUNITY VERSUS BENEFITS OF THE PROJECTS:

Project one
Due to the presence of an unprotected spring, there was a lack of clean water in zone five of Mendera
kochi kebele (setto spring). For the past 20 years or more, this spring has been the community's only
source of water.
Because it was unprotected, unfenced, and the spring boxes were unprotected, it was contaminated
by floods, animal manure, and various wastes. This puts the community at risk of diseases. Water-
related disorders were among the kebele's top ten diseases.

Re-innovation of the spring water was important to

 To improve water supply of the zone five members

 To reducing unsafe water source use
 To improve the awareness about home based water treatment
 To reduce Water related disease
 To reduce the public health burdens of the community
 To ensure safe living environment

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Project two

One of the challenges related to environmental sanitation was improper trash storage and disposal,
particularly near the local market area. Insects and rats used it as a breeding ground. The population
has been exposed to various diseases as a result of the foul aromas emanating from the location as a
result of the disposal of dead animals. As a result of the pollution, the community has become
concerned.
Advocacy campaign to improve proper waste disposal practice in Mendera kochi kebele, is used for
 Keep the environment clean and safe
 To increase awareness about waste disposal practice
 Mitigate diseases related to improper wastes disposal practice.
 Recommending the kebele safty net office and the municipality about routine sanitation
campaign.

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 Project three Communication plan to decrease substance use (kchat and alcohol) in mendera
kochi kebele:

Substance use in the mendera kochi community is high, and it is a major problem among the youths.
To overcome this problem it was mandatory to do communication about the health effect of these
common substances (kchat and alcohol). To accomplish the project, HID was conducted at large.
And, the communication plan is used for
 To provide information about health effect of substance use
 To create awareness about how to avoid/protect oneself from substance use
 Furthermore, to reduce psychosocial problems related to substance use

9.2.COMMUNITY PROSPECTS

The community praised the initiatives and congratulated the team, as well as the JU CBE, notably the
health institute CBE, for their outstanding efforts and timely completion. Re-inventing setto spring
water, according to community members, allows them to have a clean and plentiful water source while
also reducing their water consumption. They also expressed a sense of pride in the newly renovated
spring. In terms of garbage disposal, community members have demonstrated a strong commitment to
maintaining a regular sanitation program and keeping their villages clean. Youth were also motivated
and intended to protect themselves from using substance.

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9.3.PROJECT SUSTAINABILITY
To ensure the project's long-term sustainability, Mendera Kochi Kebele's administrative office has
decided to engage with the town water office, the town municipality, and zone 5 representatives for the
re-innovated spring. They agree to inspect the spring on a regular basis to maintain its cleanliness and
safety.

The re-innovated spring water for zone five project in Mendera Kochi Kebele was handed over to Jimma
town water and sewerage, as well as Mendera Kochi Kebele officials, with a directive to keep the project
going for the community's benefit. The project has been handed over to the Mendera Kochi Kebele
administration, Jimma town water supply, and local inhabitants. Administrators from the kebele chose
and allocated the committee, along with their work duties. The responsibility of this committee is to keep
and maintain what is required.

Mendera kochi kebele administrative office has decided to conduct regular rubbish collections and
sanitation campaigns in the kebele in partnership with the kebele safety net office and the town
municipality. To ensure continuous collection from the site to the kebele's final disposal site, the
municipality and the kebele safety net office assumed responsibility for tying it in with the village's
weekly clean-up program and deploying garbage collection tankers.

Project of communication of creating awareness about health effect of substance use was handed over to
kebele youth office and other relevant stake holder with a mandate of sustaining the communication
efforts to create awareness about health effect of substance use in Mendera Kochi.

‘’We were in the community; we will be in the community in the future’’.

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