Python Basics: Conditional Logic & Control Flow

Conditional Logic and Control Flow

Do something if something else is true.

Conditional logic allows you to check if something is true or false.

Does Bobby have more apples than Bill?
Is Jane faster than June?
Control flow allows you to create branches of execution.
If Bobby has more apples, then give apples to Bill
If Jane is faster, then give June good sneakers
Conditional Logic
Find out whether something is true or false.

("a" != "a") or not (2 >= 3)

Control Flow
Create branches for your program to flow into.
while True:
if python_is_awesome:
if not overwhelmed:
learn()
elif overwhelmed:
take_break()
continue
elif need_to_sleep:
break
else:
continue

reflect_on_learning()
else:
take_break()
Recover From Errors
Errors happen, handle them gracefully.

for chapter in python_basics:

try:
learn()
else:
take_break()
Conditional Logic and Control Flow

Conditional logic
Control flow
Error handling
Conditional Logic: Add Some Logic
Conditional Logic: Add Some Logic
Find out whether something is true or false.

Conditional logic allows you to check if something is true or false.

Does Bobby have more apples than Bill?
Is Jane faster than June?
Is 5 larger than 8?
Is n before p in the alphabet?
Add Some Logic
In this lesson you’ll cover:

Boolean comparators
Conditional statements
Logical operators
Operator precedence
Boolean Comparators

> Greater than

< Less than
>= Greater than or equal to
<= Less than or equal to
!= Not equal to
== Equal to
Conditional Statements
These all result in True

10 > 5 Ten is greater than five

1 < 2 One is less than two
10 >= 9 Ten is greater than or equal to nine
5 <= 5 Five is less than or equal to five
1 != 0 One is not equal to zero
100 == 100 One-hundred is equal to one-hundred
Conditional Statements
These all result in False

10 < 5 Ten is less than five

1 > 2 One is greater than two
10 <= 9 Ten is less than or equal to nine
4 >= 5 Four is greater than or equal to five
1 == 0 One is equal to zero
100 != 100 One-hundred is not equal to one-hundred
Logical Operators
and
and

True and False

True and True
False and False
False and True
or
or

True or False
True or True
False or False
False or True
not
not

not False
not True
Operator Precedence

< , <= , == , != , >= , >

not
and
or
Add Some Logic
In this lesson you’ve covered:

Boolean comparators
Conditional statements
Logical operators
Operator precedence
Conditional Logic: Building Complex Expressions
Building Complex Expressions

Examples of complex conditional expressions

Example 1

True and not (1 != 1)

Example 2

("a" != "a") or not (2 >= 3)

Building Complex Expressions

Examples of complex conditional expressions

Control Flow: Control the Flow of Your Program
Control the Flow of Your Program

Create branches
Control the Flow of Your Program
In this lesson you’ll be learning about:

if
else
elif
if … elif … else
if
if

if [condition]:
...

print("done")
if

if True:
print("Hello!")

if False:
print("Hello!")

print("done")
School Grading Example
else
else

if [condition]:
...
else:
...
elif
elif

if [condition]:
...
elif [condition]:
...
else:
...
elif

if [condition]:
...
elif [condition]:
...
elif [condition]:
...
else:
...
Control the Flow of Your Program
In this lesson you’ve learnt about:

if
else
elif
if … elif … else
Control Flow: Nested if Statements
Example: Evaluate the Winner

Two people play either basketball or golf

They tell you what sport they have been playing and their score
You have to evaluate who won
Example: Evaluate the Winner

In golf, the lower score wins

In basketball, the higher score wins
Refactor!

♻
Refactor Again!

♻♻
Challenge: Find the Factors of a Number
Control Flow: Break Out of the Pattern
Break Out of the Pattern
In this lesson you’ll cover:

Bringing loops into the mix

Using the break keyword
Using the continue keyword
if Statements and for Loops

sum_of_evens = 0

for n in range(101):
if n % 2 == 0:
sum_of_evens = sum_of_evens + n

print(sum_of_evens)
break
break

for n in range(4):
if n == 2:
break
print(n)
break

n = 0

while True:
print(n)
if n > 5:
break
n = n + 1
continue
continue

for n in range(4):
if n == 2:
print("there goes two")
continue
print(n)
continue

n = 0

while True:
print(n)
if n < 5:
n = n + 1
continue
else:
break
print("end of loop")
Break Out of the Pattern
In this lesson you’ve covered:

Bringing loops into the mix

Using the break keyword
Using the continue keyword
Control Flow: Recover From Errors
Recover From Errors
In this lesson you’ll cover:

Errors and exceptions

Types of errors and exceptions
SyntaxError

>>> if
...
if
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
ValueError

>>> int("hello")
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'not a number'
TypeError

>>> "1" + 2
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "int") to str
NameError

>>> print(does_not_exist)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
NameError: name 'does_not_exist' is not defined
ZeroDivisionError

>>> 1 / 0
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero
OverflowError

>>> pow(2.0, 1_000_000)

Traceback (most recent call last):
...
OverflowError: (34, 'Result too large')
Recover From Errors
In this lesson you’ve covered:

Errors and exceptions

Types of errors and exceptions
Control Flow: The try and except Keywords
The try and except Keywords
In this lesson you’ll cover:

The try … except structure

How to handle exceptions gracefully
The try and except Keywords

try:
number = int(input("Enter an integer: "))
except ValueError:
print("That was not an integer")
The try and except Keywords

try:
...
except [exception]:
...
Catching Di erent Exceptions

def divide(num1, num2):

try:
print(num1 / num2)
except TypeError:
print("Both arguments must be numbers")
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("num2 must not be 0")
The Bare except Clause

try:
# Do lots of hazardous things that might break
except:
print("Something bad happened!")
The Bare except Clause
Recover From Errors
In this lesson you’ve covered:

The try … except structure

How to handle exceptions gracefully
Putting it Together: Simulate and Calculate
Probabilities
Simulate and Calculate Probabilities
In this lesson you’ll implement a program that:

Uses the random module

Simulates many coin tosses
Calculates the ratio of heads to tails
Allows you to alter the behavior of the coin
The random Module

>>> import random

>>> random.randint(1, 10)
9
Fair Coins

import random

def coin_flip():
"""Randomly return 'heads' or 'tails'."""
if random.randint(0, 1) == 0:
return "heads"
else:
return "tails"
Simulate

# First initialize the tallies to 0

heads_tally = 0
tails_tally = 0

for trial in range(10_000):

if coin_flip() == "heads":
heads_tally = heads_tally + 1
else:
tails_tally = tails_tally + 1
Unfair Coins

import random

def unfair_coin_flip(probability_of_tails):
if random.random() < probability_of_tails:
return "tails"
else:
return "heads"
Simulate and Calculate Probabilities
In this lesson you’ve implemented a program that:

Used the random module

Simulated many coin tosses
Calculated the ratio of heads to tails
Allowed you to alter the behavior of the coin
PYTHON BASICS: CONDITIONAL LOGIC &
CONTROL FLOW
Conditional Logic & Control Flow
In this course you have

Compared values
Used logical operators
Learned how to control the flow of your programs
Creating branches with if blocks
Using Loop keywords
Combining if with loops.
Learned how to handle exceptions
Additional Resources

Conditional Statements in Python

Additional Resources

Using the “and” Boolean Operator in Python

Using the “or” Boolean Operator in Python

Using the “not” Boolean Operator in Python

Additional Resources

Python “for” Loops (Definite Iteration)

Python “while” Loops (Indefinite Iteration)

Python Exceptions: An Introduction