This document discusses different generations of microcontrollers and provides details about the 8051 microcontroller family. It describes the first, second, and third generations of microcontrollers based on word length. It then provides specifics on the 8051 microcontroller including its memory map, architecture, and applications. Examples of microcontrollers in the 8051 family such as the 8048, 8049, 8050, 8052, 8031, and 8032 are outlined with their key features.
This document discusses different generations of microcontrollers and provides details about the 8051 microcontroller family. It describes the first, second, and third generations of microcontrollers based on word length. It then provides specifics on the 8051 microcontroller including its memory map, architecture, and applications. Examples of microcontrollers in the 8051 family such as the 8048, 8049, 8050, 8052, 8031, and 8032 are outlined with their key features.
This document discusses different generations of microcontrollers and provides details about the 8051 microcontroller family. It describes the first, second, and third generations of microcontrollers based on word length. It then provides specifics on the 8051 microcontroller including its memory map, architecture, and applications. Examples of microcontrollers in the 8051 family such as the 8048, 8049, 8050, 8052, 8031, and 8032 are outlined with their key features.
This document discusses different generations of microcontrollers and provides details about the 8051 microcontroller family. It describes the first, second, and third generations of microcontrollers based on word length. It then provides specifics on the 8051 microcontroller including its memory map, architecture, and applications. Examples of microcontrollers in the 8051 family such as the 8048, 8049, 8050, 8052, 8031, and 8032 are outlined with their key features.
1] Microcontroller is a complete microprocessor system, consisting of
microprocessor, limited amount of ROM or EPROM, RAM & I/O ports all built on a single integrated circuit.
2] Microcontroller can be used to perform control functions so it is
comparable with a microcomputer.
3] It must include full or nearly full implementation of a standard
microprocessor, ROM or EPROM, RAM, parallel I/O ports, serial ports, timer, clock. More complex than a microprocessor. ROM / ALU REGISTERS MCROPROCESSOR EPROM
RAM
CONTROL UNIT TIMER & CLOCK
I/O PORTS SIGNALS
MICROPROCESSOR MICROCONTROLLER Advantages of Microcontroller over Microprocessor 1] Cost of microcontroller is less than microprocessor based system
2] Microcontroller has more I/O components than microprocessor based
system.
3] Unlike microprocessors Microcontrollers can be used in wide variety of
intelligent products like personal computers keyboards or can be used in devices with artificial intelligence.
4] Many low cost products like toys, washing machines, microwave ovens, electric drills etc are based on microcontrollers & not on microprocessor based system MEMORY MAP OF 8051 MICROCONTROLLER
Program Memory Data Memory Read-Only Memory (ROM) space Random Access Memory (RAM) space Used for storing programs & variable data Used for general read/write data storage
Instruction fetches are taken from program memory space.
It is a read/write memory space Processor can read instruction from this space, but cannot write the data into this memory.
It reads instructions to be executed from this memory space.
Processor can read data from this memory space & can write data to this memory space. It cannot execute instructions from this memory space.
It has internal ROM(EPROM)It has internal RAM 128 bytes.
4 Kbytes program memory can be expanded by additional 60Kbytes, making it 64KB program memory. & 22 special function registers. Memory can be expanded by additional 60Kbytes, making it 64Kbytes data memory. MEMORY MAP OF 8051 MICROCONTROLLER MICROCONTROLLERS IN 8051 FAMILY
1] Microcontroller 8051 family 8048, 8049, 8050 8048 was Intel’s 1 st
microcontroller family
2] All 8048, 8049, 8050 have same architecture except memory size.
3] The memory size doubles in each case.8048 supports 1Kbytes of internal
memory (ROM).
4] 8049 supports 2Kbytes of internal ROM & 8050 supports 4Kbytes of internal ROM. 8048 has 64 bytes internal RAM, including 32 bytes of register memory. 8049 & 8050 have a total of 128 & 256 bytes of RAM respectively.
6] 8052 8052 is a simple expansion of 8051. 8Kbytes of onboard ROM & 256 Kbytes onboard RAM.
7] Allows programmer to write larger programs that can use more data. Cost of 8052 is more than 8051. Has one extra 16-bit counter-timer which gives more flexibility. 8] Microcontroller 8051 family 8031, 8032 8031 is alternative version of 8051 & 8032 is alternative version of 8052.
9] They do not have onboard ROM. They may use external ROM for program memory. Excellent devices for prototyping & low volume products.
10] 8052 AH-BASIC 8052 AH-BASIC is another form of 8052. Programmer can use BASIC for writing instructions rather than using assembly language. Applications of Microcontroller
1] Microcontroller is a single chip microcomputer. They are used as independent
controllers in machines or as slaves in distributed processing.
2] They are used as machine tools, chemical processors, medical
instrumentation & sophisticated guidance control.
3] Many low cost products such as toys, microwave oven etc are based on microcontroller.
4]The personal computer keyboards are implemented with microcontroller. It
replaces scanning, debounce, matrix decoding & serial transmission circuits Fig. shows architecture of 8051 microcontroller. It consist of different blocks as bellow- 1] the center block of fig. is CPU & out side part is the I/O ports 2] in this architecture 8 bit data & 8bit data path are connected to the I/O ports through buffer registers. 3]internal part consist of ALU , accumulator, stack pointer, block of registers, general purpose registers-b reg. 4]All these registers are connected to 8-bit internal data bus. 5]the I/ O PORTS connected through 8 bit data bus series. 6] these registers hold / store data during I/O transfers & control I/O ports 7] RAM-RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY- It hold the address bits of random data. 8]ACC( Accumulator)- The result of arithmetic & logical operations store in accumulator. 9]TEMP1, TEMP2, B-reg. used to store data during operations. 10] ALU 11]PSW- program status word .it is different status reg. used for flags. 12]stack pointer-8 bit reg. used in stack operation 13]DPTR- 16-bit data pointer registers used for higher byte DPH & lower byte DPL 14] PCON-F it is 8bit reg. used microprocessor in special mode for power consume. 15]SCON-it is 8bit reg. serial port control reg.it tells serial port how to work. 16] TMOD-it is counter timer mode control register. used to set mode of counter. 17] TCON –it is counter timer registers.it contains flags registers which shows the status of counter timer / enable/ disable counter timer. 18]I/O PORTS- it has 4 i/o ports which are 8 bits and connected through 8 bit latch to hold the data during transfer. 19]it has two duplex serial port TXD& RXD FOR transfer and receive the data internally. 20] SUBF special function reg.8bit. 21] IE-interrupt enable reg. used to control interrupts signals of 8051. 22] ALE –address latch enable used in multiplexed address data bus. 23]PSEN-used to control external signals. 24] latch –flip-flop 25]program counter 16 bit reg. contains address of next instruction. MICROCONTROLLERS IN 8051 FAMILY
1] 8048 MICROCONTROLLER FEATURES-
A] it has 2 MHz to 4 MHz clock frequency. B] it has 27 I/O lines C] it has 1 Kbyte ROM/EPROM. D] it has 64 byte RAM. E] it has 8 bit timer event counter. F] it addresses 4kbyte memory
2] 8048, 8049, 8050 MICROCONTROLLER-
A] All these microcontroller are similar in internal architecture exception in memory size. B] in each case memory double. 8048 ha 1kbyte internal ROM mem. 8049has 2 Kbyte and 8050 has 4 Kbytes. C] 8048 has internal RAM is 64 bytes 8049 has 32 bytes and 8050 has 128 bytes. D] these are low cost microcontroller. 3] 8052 MICROCONTROLLER- A] expanded version of 8051 B] it has 8 Kbytes on board ROM & 256 bytes on board RAM. C] it write larger programs &used more data. D] it has one 16 bit timer event counter. E]less expensive than 8051
4] 8052AH BASIC MICROCONTROLLER-
A] another form of 8052 .it support basic programming language in ROM. B] using basic instructions user write basic programs for 8052 rather than assembly language.
5] 8031 and 8032 MICROCONTROLLERS-
A] alternative version of 8051 and 8052. B] it has no onboard ROM it used external ROM . C] these are most excellent devices for prototyping and low volume products
