Please write clearly in block capitals.

Centre number Candidate number

Surname

Forename(s)

Candidate signature
I declare this is my own work.

H
GCSE
CHEMISTRY
Higher Tier Paper 1

Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes

Materials
For this paper you must have: For Examiner’s Use
• a ruler
• a scientific calculator Question Mark
• the periodic table (enclosed). 1
2
Instructions
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen. 3
• Pencil should only be used for drawing. 4
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.
5
• Answer all questions in the spaces provided. Do not write outside
the box around each page or on blank pages. 6
• If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of 7
this book. Write the question number against your answer(s).
8
• Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want
to be marked. TOTAL
• In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer.

Information
• The maximum mark for this paper is 100.
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate.
• You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation
in your answers.

*jUN2284621H01*
IB/M/Jun22/E10 8462/1H
 2
Do not write
outside the
0 1 This question is about metals and non-metals. box

Figure 1 shows an outline of part of the periodic table.

Figure 1

0 1 . 1 Element Q is a dull solid with a melting point of 44 °C.

Element Q does not conduct electricity.

Which section of the periodic table in Figure 1 is most likely to contain element Q?
[1 mark]
Tick () one box.

A B C D

0 1 . 2 Element R forms ions of formula R2+ and R3+

Which section of the periodic table in Figure 1 is most likely to contain element R?
[1 mark]
Tick () one box.

A B C D

0 1 . 3 Give two differences between the physical properties of the elements in Group 1 and
those of the transition elements.
[2 marks]

*02*
IB/M/Jun22/8462/1H
 3
Do not write
outside the
0 1 . 4 Complete Figure 2 to show the electronic structure of an aluminium atom. box

Use the periodic table.

[1 mark]

Figure 2

0 1 . 5 Aluminium is a metal.

Describe how metals conduct electricity.

Answer in terms of electrons.

[3 marks]

0 1 . 6 Name the type of bonding in compounds formed between metals and non-metals.
[1 mark]

Turn over ►

*03*
IB/M/Jun22/8462/1H
 4
Do not write
outside the
0 1 . 7 Magnesium oxide is a compound formed from the metal magnesium and the box

non-metal oxygen.

Describe what happens when a magnesium atom reacts with an oxygen atom.

You should refer to electrons in your answer.

[4 marks]

13

*04*
IB/M/Jun22/8462/1H
 5
Do not write
outside the
0 2 Sodium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid in an exothermic reaction. box

The equation for the reaction is:

Na2CO3(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → 2 NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

A student investigated the effect of changing the mass of sodium carbonate powder
on the highest temperature reached by the reaction mixture.

0 2 . 1 Plan a method to investigate the effect of changing the mass of sodium carbonate
powder on the highest temperature reached.
[6 marks]

Turn over ►

*05*
IB/M/Jun22/8462/1H
 6
Do not write
outside the
Figure 3 shows a line of best fit drawn through the student’s results. box

Figure 3

*06*
IB/M/Jun22/8462/1H
 7
Do not write
outside the
0 2 . 2 Determine the gradient of the line of best fit in Figure 3. box

Use the equation:

Change in highest temperature
Gradient =
Change in mass

Give the unit.

[5 marks]

Gradient = Unit

0 2 . 3 The initial temperature of the reaction mixture is where the line of best fit would meet
the y-axis.

Determine the initial temperature of the reaction mixture.

Show your working on Figure 3.

[2 marks]

Initial temperature of the reaction mixture = °C

Turn over ►

*07*
IB/M/Jun22/8462/1H
 8
Do not write
outside the
0 2 . 4 Another student repeated the investigation but added sodium carbonate until the box

sodium carbonate was in excess.

Which sketch graph shows the results obtained when sodium carbonate was added
until in excess?
[1 mark]
Tick () one box.

*08*
IB/M/Jun22/8462/1H
 9
Do not write
outside the
Figure 4 shows a reaction profile for the reaction of sodium carbonate with box

hydrochloric acid.

Figure 4

0 2 . 5 What do labels X and Y represent on Figure 4?

[2 marks]

0 2 . 6 How does the reaction profile show that the reaction is exothermic?

Use Figure 4.
[1 mark]

17

Turn over ►

*09*
IB/M/Jun22/8462/1H
 10
Do not write
outside the
0 3 This question is about different forms of carbon. box

Figure 5 represents the structure of diamond.

Figure 5

0 3 . 1 Describe the structure and bonding of diamond.

[3 marks]

0 3 . 2 Explain why diamond has a very high melting point.

[3 marks]

*10*
IB/M/Jun22/8462/1H
 11
Do not write
outside the
Figure 6 represents the molecule C70 box

Figure 6

0 3 . 3 What is the name of this type of molecule?

[1 mark]
Tick () one box.

Fullerene

Graphene

Nanotube

Polymer

0 3 . 4 Molecules such as C70 can be used in medicine to move drugs around the body.

Suggest one reason why the C70 molecule is suitable for this use.
[1 mark]

Turn over ►

*11*
IB/M/Jun22/8462/1H
 12
Do not write
outside the
0 3 . 5 Calculate the number of C70 molecules that can be made from one mole of box

carbon atoms.

The Avogadro constant = 6.02 × 1023 per mole

[3 marks]

Number of molecules = 11

*12*
IB/M/Jun22/8462/1H
 13
Do not write
outside the
0 4 This question is about zinc and compounds of zinc. box

A student produces pure crystals of zinc chloride by reacting zinc oxide with
hydrochloric acid.

The equation for the reaction is:

ZnO(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2O(l)

0 4 . 1 The student adds zinc oxide to hydrochloric acid until the zinc oxide is in excess.

Give one observation that the student could make to show that the zinc oxide is
in excess.
[1 mark]

0 4 . 2 Why is excess zinc oxide used rather than excess hydrochloric acid?
[1 mark]

0 4 . 3 Name one other compound that the student could add to hydrochloric acid to produce
zinc chloride.
[1 mark]

0 4 . 4 Describe how the student should obtain crystals of zinc chloride from a solution of
zinc chloride.
[2 marks]

Turn over ►

*13*
IB/M/Jun22/8462/1H
 14
Do not write
outside the
Zinc chloride is also produced in a displacement reaction between zinc and box

copper chloride solution.

The equation for the reaction is:

Zn + CuCl2 → ZnCl2 + Cu

0 4 . 5 Complete the ionic equation for this reaction.

[1 mark]

Zn + __________ → Zn2+ + __________

0 4 . 6 Why is zinc described as being oxidised in this reaction?

[1 mark]

*14*
IB/M/Jun22/8462/1H
 15
Do not write
outside the
0 4 . 7 Zinc and copper can be used with another substance to produce electricity. box

Complete Figure 7 to show how zinc, copper and another substance can be used to
light a lamp.

Label:
• zinc
• copper
• the other substance used.

The symbol represents the lamp.

[3 marks]

Figure 7

10
Turn over for the next question

Turn over ►

*15*
IB/M/Jun22/8462/1H
 16
Do not write
outside the
0 5 This question is about groups in the periodic table. box

The elements in Group 1 become more reactive going down the group.

Rubidium is below potassium in Group 1.

0 5 . 1 Rubidium and potassium are added to water.

Predict one observation you would see that shows that rubidium is more reactive
than potassium.
[1 mark]

0 5 . 2 Explain why rubidium is more reactive than potassium.

[3 marks]

0 5 . 3 Complete the equation for the reaction of rubidium with water.

You should balance the equation.

[3 marks]

Rb + H2O → +

*16*
IB/M/Jun22/8462/1H
 17
Do not write
outside the
The noble gases are in Group 0. box

0 5 . 4 Which is a correct statement about the noble gases?

[1 mark]
Tick () one box.

The noble gases all have atoms with eight electrons in the outer shell.

The noble gases have boiling points that increase going down the group.

The noble gases have molecules with two atoms.

The noble gases react with metals to form ionic compounds.

0 5 . 5 Table 1 shows information about the three isotopes of neon.

Table 1

Mass number Percentage abundance (%)

20 90.48

21 0.27

22 9.25

Calculate the relative atomic mass (Ar) of neon.

Give your answer to 3 significant figures.

[3 marks]

Relative atomic mass (3 significant figures) = 11

Turn over ►

*17*
IB/M/Jun22/8462/1H
 18
Do not write
outside the
0 6 This question is about electrolysis. box

Molten sodium chloride is electrolysed in an industrial process to produce sodium.

Figure 8 shows a simplified version of the electrolysis cell used.

Figure 8

0 6 . 1 Which is the correct half equation for the production of sodium?

[1 mark]
Tick () one box.

Na + e− → Na+

Na → Na+ + e−

Na+ + e− → Na

Na+ → Na + e−

*18*
IB/M/Jun22/8462/1H
 19
Do not write
outside the
A mesh is used to keep the products of the electrolysis apart. box

0 6 . 2 Suggest one reason why the products of the electrolysis must be kept apart.
[1 mark]

0 6 . 3 Which type of particle passes through the mesh in the electrolysis of

molten sodium chloride?
[1 mark]
Tick () one box.

Atom

Electron

Ion

Molecule

Question 6 continues on the next page

Turn over ►

*19*
IB/M/Jun22/8462/1H
 20
Do not write
outside the
Aqueous sodium chloride solution is electrolysed in a different industrial process. box

Two gases and an alkaline solution are produced.

0 6 . 4 Which two ions are present in aqueous sodium chloride solution in addition to
sodium ions and chloride ions?
[2 marks]

0 6 . 5 Name the alkaline solution produced.

[1 mark]

0 6 . 6 Explain how the alkaline solution is produced.

You should refer to the processes at the electrodes.

[3 marks]

*20*
IB/M/Jun22/8462/1H
 21
Do not write
outside the
0 7 This question is about silicon and compounds of silicon. box

0 7 . 1 The reactivity series sometimes includes non-metals such as carbon, hydrogen

and silicon.

Silicon can be extracted by reducing silicon dioxide with different substances.

The equation for one possible reaction is:

2 C(s) + SiO2(s) → Si(s) + 2 CO(g)

Explain what this reaction shows about the position of silicon in the reactivity series.
[2 marks]

0 7 . 2 Aluminium also reduces silicon dioxide.

Carbon is used rather than aluminium to reduce silicon dioxide because carbon is
cheaper than aluminium.

Carbon can be obtained by heating coal.

Aluminium is obtained from aluminium oxide.

Explain why aluminium is more expensive than carbon.

[2 marks]

Turn over ►

*21*
IB/M/Jun22/8462/1H
 22
Do not write
outside the
Magnesium also reduces silicon dioxide. box

The equation for the reaction is:

2 Mg(s) + SiO2(s) → Si(s) + 2 MgO(s)

0 7 . 3 Give one reason why the products are difficult to separate if magnesium is used to
reduce silicon dioxide.
[1 mark]

0 7 . 4 Calculate the minimum mass in grams of magnesium needed to completely reduce

1.2 kg of silicon dioxide.

Relative atomic masses (Ar): O = 16 Mg = 24 Si = 28

[5 marks]

Minimum mass of magnesium = g

*22*
IB/M/Jun22/8462/1H
 23
Do not write
outside the
Si2H6 is a covalent compound of silicon and hydrogen. box

0 7 . 5 Complete Figure 9 to show the outer shell electrons in a molecule of Si2H6

[1 mark]

Figure 9

0 7 . 6 Si2H6 reacts with oxygen.

The equation for the reaction is:

2 Si2H6(g) + 7 O2(g) → 4 SiO2(s) + 6 H2O(g)

30 cm3 of Si2H6 is reacted with 150 cm3 (an excess) of oxygen.

Calculate the total volume of gases present after the reaction.

All volumes of gases are measured at the same temperature and pressure.
[4 marks]

Volume of gases = cm3 15

Turn over ►

*23*
IB/M/Jun22/8462/1H
 24
Do not write
outside the
0 8 This question is about acids and alkalis. box

0 8 . 1 Explain why the pH of an acid depends on:

• the strength of the acid
• the concentration of the acid.
[4 marks]

0 8 . 2 A student titrated 25.00 cm3 of hydrochloric acid with 0.100 mol/dm3

barium hydroxide solution.

Table 2 shows the results.

Table 2

Titration number 1 2 3 4 5
Volume of barium hydroxide
23.90 23.45 23.55 23.55 23.45
solution used in cm3

The student calculated the volume of barium hydroxide solution to be used in the
titration calculation as 23.50 cm3.

Explain why the student used a volume of 23.50 cm3 of barium hydroxide solution in
the titration calculation.
[2 marks]

*24*
IB/M/Jun22/8462/1H
 25
Do not write
outside the
0 8 . 3 25.00 cm3 of the hydrochloric acid reacted with 23.50 cm3 of the 0.100 mol/dm3 box

barium hydroxide solution.

The equation for the reaction is:

2 HCl(aq) + Ba(OH)2(aq) → BaCl2(aq) + 2 H2O(l)

Calculate the concentration of the hydrochloric acid in mol/dm3.

[4 marks]

Concentration of the hydrochloric acid = mol/dm3

Question 8 continues on the next page

Turn over ►

*25*
IB/M/Jun22/8462/1H
 26
Do not write
outside the
Another student titrated sulfuric acid with barium hydroxide solution. box

The equation for the reaction is:

H2SO4(aq) + Ba(OH)2(aq) → BaSO4(s) + 2 H2O(l)

The student measured the electrical conductivity of the mixture during the titration.

The better a conductor, the higher the electrical conductivity value.

Figure 10 shows the results.

Figure 10

0 8 . 4 Explain why the electrical conductivity of the mixture was zero when the sulfuric acid
had just been neutralised.

Use the equation for the reaction.

Refer to ions in your answer.

[3 marks]

*26*
IB/M/Jun22/8462/1H
 27
Do not write
outside the
0 8 . 5 The student then added a further 10 cm3 of barium hydroxide solution. box

The electrical conductivity of the mixture increased.

Give one reason why.

[1 mark]

14

END OF QUESTIONS

*27*
IB/M/Jun22/8462/1H
 28
Do not write
outside the
There are no questions printed on this page box

DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE

ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED

*28*
IB/M/Jun22/8462/1H
 29
Do not write
outside the
box
Question Additional page, if required.
number Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin.

*29*
IB/M/Jun22/8462/1H
 30

Do not write
outside the
Question Additional page, if required. box
number Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin.

*30*
IB/M/Jun22/8462/1H
 31
Do not write
outside the
box
Question Additional page, if required.
number Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin.

*31*
IB/M/Jun22/8462/1H
 32

Do not write
outside the
There are no questions printed on this page box

DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE

ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED

Copyright information

For confidentiality purposes, all acknowledgements of third-party copyright material are published in a separate booklet. This booklet is published after
each live examination series and is available for free download from www.aqa.org.uk.

Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders may have been unsuccessful
and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements. If you have any queries please contact the Copyright Team.

Copyright © 2022 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.

*226g8462/1H*
*32*
IB/M/Jun22/8462/1H