Unit 9: CITIES OF THE FUTURE

I. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the
other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1. A. capable B. available C. global D. climate
2. A. promote B. sensor C. insoluble D. pollution
3. A. urban B. infrastructure C. quality D. inhabitant
4. A. disturbed B. censored C. detected D. solved
5. A. promotes B. predicts C. wastes D. changes
II. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the
position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
1. A. forecast B. design C. ignore D. detect
2. A. resident B. occupy C. inhabit D. conference
3. A. ideal B. complete C. alive D. special
4. A. underground B. contrary C. quality D. improvement
5. A. soluble B. emphatic C. excellent D. probable
III. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each
of the following sentences.
1. He complained about not being informed of the change of plan and insisted on compensating
A B C D
for it.
2. With a view to extend relations with other countries, the government has made every effort to
A B C
welcome foreign investment.
D
3. Before steel and concrete was introduced as building materials, carpenters had played the
A B
major role in construction.
C D
4. Industrial wastes that man discharges them into the sea have a deleterious effect on marine life.
A B C D
5. The company is introducing a fire-prevention system that activated by any small increase
A B C
in temperature.
D
IV. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
sentences.
1. There won't be any lecture about urbanization this week, _______?
A. won't there B. will there C. won't it D. will it be
2. Nobody is interested in city life in the future, _______?
A. are they B. won't they C. aren't they D. will they
3. Your father used to swim in the country river, _______?
A. did he B. didn't he C. used he D. not used he
4. I'm not used to city life, _______?
A. am I B. don't I C. aren't I D. not I
5. Please don't shout at your children, _______?
A. aren't you B. won't you C. would you D. will you
6. We have to wait for the bus, _______?
A. haven't we B. have we C. won't we D. don't we
7. You have just bought a new cassette, _______?
A. did you B. didn't you C. haven't you D. have you
8. Susana hardly ever speaks to us these days, _______?
A. does she B. doesn't she C. has she D. hasn't she
9. Carl thinks you had better clear the ashes away first, _______?
A. hadn't you B. does he C. had you D. doesn't he
10. There has not been a great response to the schedule, _______?
A. does there B. has there C. hasn't it D. has it
11. Let's listen to the radio programs that the teacher mentioned, _______?
A. do we B. won't we C. don't we D. shall we
12. Everybody here loves classic music, _________?
A. isn't he B. do they C. don't they D. is he
13. John does not need to come, _______?
A. does he B. need he C. must he D. will he
14. They should have gone early, _______?
A. have they B. should they C. haven't they D. shouldn't they
15. Something in his report about living standards in big cities is wrong, _______?
A. is it B. aren't they C. isn't it D. are they
16. If ice is heated, it _______.
A. would melt B. melts C. is melting D. will have melted
17. Optimistic people believe that city _______ will have a better live thanks to important
achievements in technology and medicine.
A. citizens B. locals C. dwellers D. occupants
18. Scientists are looking for ways to cut _______ the cost of renewable energy sources.
A. back B. up C. off D. down
19. They really ripped us _______ at that hotel; they charged me a lot of money.
A. up B. off C. out D. into
20. If you need help, make no _______ to ask.
A. hesitation B. reluctance C. shyness D. embarrassment
21. The main goal of _______ planning is providing a healthier environment for people living in the
city.
A. livable B. urban C. rural D. sustainable
22. Many researchers claim that yoga practice and physical activities can improve people's _______
of life.
A. quality B. infrastructure C. habitat D. pace
23. The reason for all the changes being made to us _______ yet.
A. has not explained B. has not been explained
C. did not explained D. were not explained
24. Experiments in the photography of moving objects _______ in both the United States and
Europe well before 1900.
A. were conducting B. were conducted
C. had been conducted D. had conducted
25. They took _______ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping.
A. fruitful B. beneficial C. valid D. effective
26. In developing countries people are _______ into overcrowded cities in great numbers.
A. breaking B. filling C. pouring D. hurrying
27. There are other problems of city life which I don't propose to _______ at the moment.
A. go into B. go around C. go for D. go up
28. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios _______ after 11 o'clock at night.
A. did not play B. not to play C. not be played D. were not played
29. - A: "The regional authorities failed to provide the poor with essential services such as
accommodation, fresh water and electricity."
- B: “____________”
A. That's great. B. That's too bad.
C. It's too good to be true. D. I have no idea.
30. - A: "Jenny is always late for appointments."
- B: "Yes. _______ "
A. But she is having an appointment.
B. But she will never be appointed to the position.
C. And the appointment is never late, too.
D. And she always knows how to make an excuse.
V. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each of the following sentences.
1. The basic challenge for sustainable agriculture is to maximise the use of locally- available and
renewable resources.
A. long-term B. short-term C. beneficial D. harmful
2. Passengers often complain about cancelled and overcrowded coaches and the lack of services.
A. infrequent B. reliable C. empty D. untidy
3. We need to do more to make the neighborhood safer and more livable.
A. inhabitable B. uninhabitable C. dangerous D. prosperous
4. The country's infrastructure is in poor condition and needs to be upgraded.
A. improved B. repaired C. examined D. deteriorated
5. Many new machines have been invented to help doctors to detect diseases early.
A. notice B. recognized C. ignore D. cure
VI. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word
or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
THE RISE OF OLDER CITIES
Many older cities are having modern makeovers and they are being given a new (1) _______.
Sometimes the impetus for this (2) _______ of change comes from the need to provide new (3)
for particular events being held in the city - a sporting event, or something (4) _______. On
other (5) _______ the change just seems to (6) _______ place almost naturally.
Take Birmingham, for instance, (7) _______ it was previously an (8) _______ place to live, it
has now become trendy, and this change has been (9) _______ largely by the new-look architecture
that can be found everywhere in the city. The old shopping centre has been (10) _______ down and
completely rebuilt, and new shopping malls are competing to attract shoppers with the high quality
of their services and goods. The area located around the canal, once hidden away and surrounded by
decaying factories was often used as a rubbish (11) _______, but it has now become a trendy place
(12) _______ up of modern offices, bars, sought-after apartments and restaurants. To (13) _______
up, Birmingham has become the place to be. Even in what was formerly the poorest part of the city
an old factory has been (14) _______ into a lively complex of studios, galleries and coffee bars.
With its theatres, museums and football teams Birmingham is (15) _______ worth visiting and has
something for everyone.
1. A. look B. view C. panorama D. sight
2. A. species B. type C. variety D. brand
3. A. features B. equipment C. facilities D. items
4. A. same B. like C. typical D. similar
5. A. times B. events C. occasions D. happenings
6. A. have B. take C. get D. spare
7. A. Even B. Since C. As D. Although
8. A. invalid B. unfashionable C. unapproved D. out-of-date
9. A. brought about B. come into C. put up D. set out
10. A. hit B. knocked C. pushed D. sent
11. A. place B. area C. tip D. hold
12. A. made B. created C. done D. given
13. A. sum B. end C. finish D. total
14. A. amended B. connected C. altered D. converted
15. A. exactly B. absolutely C. completely D. well
VII. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct
answer to each of the questions.
Around the world, Rio de Janeiro is famous for its beautiful beaches and Carnival celebration.
But the city is also known for its poor areas, known as favelas. For years, many favelas had high
poverty and crime rates. However, things are starting to change.
In the past, many favelas received very little government assistance. Neighborhood residents
had to build their own streets and homes. Gangs were also common, and so were guns. However, a
new government plan is starting to change this. The city is sending thousands of police officers into
favelas with the goal of driving out the gangs. In some favelas, the plan is already working. Crime
is down, and unlike in the past, children are playing in the streets again. New apartment buildings
are being built, and the city is providing more services. “In 20 years,” says police officer Leonardo
Nogueira, “the children who live here now ... will be different people.”
Police influence is changing the favelas, but something else is, too. Today, more Brazilians are
moving into these neighborhoods because housing is expensive in other parts of Rio. “Favelas are a
place for young doctors without much money to get started and young architects to start working,”
explains Simone Miranda, a Rio tour guide. In the past, favela residents felt different - separate
from the rest of Rio. “But now,” says Miranda, “they feel part of the society of Brazil.”
Life is improving in the favelas, but there are still challenges. In some areas, poverty rates are
still high. As students, families, and foreigners move into the favelas, property costs skyrocket. In
some places, housing has more than doubled in price. Despite this, favela residents are hopeful. If
Rio can develop these favelas for all residents - both poor and middle class - the city could become
a model for other cities with similar problems.
1. Which of the following best serves as the title for this passage?
A. A History of Rio's Favelas B. Crime on the Rise in Rio's Favelas
C. How Rio's Favelas Are Changing D. Favelas, Rio's New Tourist Destination
2. Which of the following is true about favelas in the past?
A. They got a lot of government assistance.
B. There were no gangs.
C. Many police officers worked there.
D. Children didn't play in the streets very much.
3. Which statement would tour guide Simone Miranda probably agree with?
A. More favela residents now feel a part of Brazilian culture.
B. The police officers in the favelas cause many problems.
C. Young people from Rio should not move into the favelas.
D. There will be no more favelas in 20 years.
4. What is the purpose of the third paragraph?
A. To discuss the high costs of housing in Rio
B. To explain why architects are choosing to study in favelas
C. To talk about how newer residents are changing the favelas
D. To compare favela and non-favela residents
5. What does the word "skyrocket" in the passage mostly mean?
 A. To increase quickly B. To drop slowly
C. To become dangerous D. To become smaller
VIII. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct
answer to each of the questions.
Throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, citizens of the United States
maintained a bias against big cities. Most lived on farms and in small towns and believed cities to
be centers of corruption, crime, poverty, and moral degradation. Their distrust was caused, in part,
by a notional ideology that proclaimed farming the greatest Occupation and rural living superior to
urban living. This attitude prevailed even as the number of urban dwellers increased and cities
became an essential feature of the notional landscape. Gradually, economic reality overcame
ideology. Thousands abandoned the precarious life on the farm for more secure and better paying
jobs in the city. But when these people migrated from the countryside, they carried their fears and
suspicions with them. These new urban population, already convinced that cities were overwhelmed
with great problems, eagerly embraced the progressive reforms that promised to bring order out of
the chaos of the city.
One of many reforms came in the area of public utilities. Water and sewerage systems were
usually operated by municipal governments, but the gas and electric networks were privately
owned. Reformers feared that the privately owned utility companies would charge exorbitant rates
for these essential services and deliver them only to people who would afford them, some city and
state governments responded by regulating the utility companies, but a number of cities began to
supply these services themselves. Proponents of these reforms argued that public ownership and
regulation would insure widespread access to these utilities and guarantee a fair price.
While some reforms focused on government and public behavior, others looked at the cities as
a whole. Civic leaders, convinced that physical environment influenced human behavior, argued
that cities should develop master plans to guide their future growth and development. City planning
was nothing new, but the rapid industrialization and urban growth of the late nineteenth century
took place without any consideration for order. Urban renewal in the twentieth century followed
several courses. Some cities introduced plans to completely rebuild the city core. Most other cities
contented themselves with zoning plans for regulating future growth. Certain parts of town were
restricted to residential use, while others were set aside for industrial or commercial development.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. A comparison of urban and rural life in the early twentieth century
B. The role of government in twentieth-century urban renewal
C. Efforts to improve urban life in the early twentieth century
D. Methods of controlling urban growth in the twentieth century
2. The word "bias" in the passage closest in meaning to _______.
A. diagonal B. slope C. distortion D. prejudice
3. The first paragraph suggests that most people who lived in rural areas _______.
A. were suspicious of their neighbors
B. were very proud of their lifestyle
C. believed city government had too much power
D. wanted to move to the cities
4. In the early twentieth century, many rural dwellers migrated to the city in order to _______.
A. participate in the urban reform movement
B. seek financial security
C. comply with a government ordinance
D. avoid crime and corruption
5. The word "embraced" in the passage is closest in meaning to _______.
A. suggested B. overestimated C. demanded D. welcomed
6. What concern did reformers have about privately owned utility companies?
A. They feared the services would not be made available to all city dwellers.
 B. They believed private ownership would slow economic growth
C. They did not trust the companies to obey the government regulations.
D. They wanted to ensure that the services would be provided to rural areas.
7. The word "exorbitant" in the passage closest in meaning to _______.
A. additional B. expensive C. various D. modified
8. All of the following were the direct result of public utility reforms EXCEPT _______.
A. local governments determined the rates charged by private utility companies
B. some utility companies were owned and operated by local governments
C. the availability of services was regulated by local government
D. private utility companies were required to pay a fee to local governments
9. The word "Proponents" in the passage is closest in meaning to _______.
A. Experts B. Pioneers C. Reviewers D. Supporters
10. Why does the author mention "industrialization"?
A. To explain how fast urban growth led to poorly designed cities
B. To emphasize the economic importance of urban areas
C. To suggest that labor disputes had become an urban problem
D. To illustrate the need for construction of new factories
IX. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of
the following sentences.
1. Poverty and overcrowding are ruining the life of people in many big cities.
A. To make poverty and overcrowding even worse, people in many big cities rum their life.
B. Due to poverty and overcrowding, the life of people in many big cities is being ruined.
C. Unless there are poverty and overcrowding, the life of people in many big cities won't be
ruined.
D. Despite poverty and overcrowding, the life of people in many big cities is being ruined.
2. Do you agree with my view on this issue?
A. Did you see eye to eye with me on this issue?
B. Do you view this issue with my agreement?
C. Can you try to agree with me on this issue?
D. Are you in agreement with my view on this issue?
3. We stayed in that hotel despite the noise.
A. Because the hotel is noisy, we stayed there.
B. We stayed in the noisy hotel, and we liked it.
C. Although the hotel was noisy, we stayed there.
D. Without the noise, we would have stayed in the hotel.
4. He didn't hurry, so he missed the plane.
A. If he hurried, he wouldn't miss the plane.
B. If he had hurried, he wouldn't have caught the plane.
C. If he had hurried, he could have caught the plane.
D. He didn't miss the plane because he was hurried.
5. No sooner had James begun his new job than he knew his decision was wrong.
A. Just before James took up his new post, he realized that he was not suited for it.
B. As soon as James started working, he realized that his decision had not been a good one.
C. Had James not begun his new job, he would have gone looking for a better one.
D. Since James did not like his new job, he began looking for a better one.
X. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of
sentences given.
1. We almost gave up hope. At that time, the rescue party arrived.
 A. Only after the rescue party arrived did we give up hope.
B. It was not until the rescue party arrived that we gave up hope.
C. We were on the verge of giving up hope when the rescue party arrived.
D. Had the rescue party not arrived, we wouldn't have given up hope.
2. Pessimistically speaking, cities will be overpopulated. Traffic will be heavy, too.
A. Pessimistically speaking, cities will be overpopulated, and traffic will be heavy.
B. Pessimistically speaking, cities will be overpopulated, for traffic will be heavy.
C. Pessimistically speaking, cities will be overpopulated, but traffic will be heavy.
D. Pessimistically speaking, cities will be overpopulated, or traffic will be heavy.
3. Robots can work in situations that are dangerous or harmful for human workers. This is one of
the greatest advantages of robots.
A. Robots can work in situations that are dangerous or harmful for human workers, which is the
only advantage of them.
B. The only difference between robots and humans is that robots can work in situations that are
dangerous or harmful for human workers.
C. Because robots can work in situations that are dangerous or harmful for human workers, they
have more advantages over human beings.
D. One of the greatest advantages of robots is that they can work in situations that are dangerous
or harmful for human workers.
4. The burglar was trying to break into the shop. He was caught by the night guard when doing so.
A. By the time the night guard caught him, the burglar had broken into the shop.
B. While trying to break into the shop, the burglar was caught by the night guard.
C. Having tried to break into the shop, the burglar was caught by the night guard.
D. Having seen the burglar breaking into the shop, the night guard caught him.
5. No disapproval of the plan was raised. I suggest we go ahead.
A. Despite the approval of the plan being raised, I suggest we go ahead.
B. In case someone raises the disapproval of the plan, I suggest we go ahead
C. As nobody raised any disapproval of the plan, I suggest we go ahead.
D. Because the disapproval of the plan might be raised, I suggest we go ahead.