Outline of project

management

The following outline is provided as an

overview of and topical guide to project
management:

Project management – discipline of

planning, organizing, securing, managing,
leading, and controlling resources to
achieve specific goals. A project is a
temporary endeavor with a defined
beginning and end (usually time-
constrained, and often constrained by
funding or deliverables), undertaken to
meet unique goals and objectives,[1]
typically to bring about beneficial change
or added value. The temporary nature of
projects stands in contrast with ongoing
business operations.[2]

What type of thing is project

management?
Project management can be described
as all of the following:

Management – in business and human

organization activity is simply the act
of getting people together to
accomplish desired goals.
Management comprises planning,
organizing, staffing, leading or
directing, and controlling an
organization (a group of one or more
people or entities) or effort for the
purpose of accomplishing a goal.
Management process – is a
process of planning and
controlling the performance or
execution of any type of activity.
Process – ongoing collection of
activities, with inputs, outputs and the
energy required to transform inputs to
outputs.
 Project – A temporary endeavor
undertaken to create a unique product,
service, or result.[3]

Branches of project
management
Effort management – is a project
management subdiscipline for
effective and efficient use of time and
resources to perform activities
regarding quantity, quality and
direction.
Project portfolio management
Program management
Project risk management
Project workforce management
Project management by
domain
Construction project management
concepts
Construction – in the fields of
architecture and civil engineering,
is a process that consists of the
building or assembling of
infrastructure. Far from being a
single activity, large scale
construction is a feat of
multitasking. Normally the job is
managed by the project manager
and supervised by the
construction manager, design
 engineer, construction engineer or
project architect.
Construction management
Architectural engineering
Virtual Design, software and
Construction – (VDC) is the use of
integrated multi-disciplinary
performance models of design-
construction projects, including
the Product (i.e., facilities), Work
Processes and Organization of the
design - construction - operation
team in order to support explicit
and public business objectives.
Software project management
concepts
Software engineering – is the
application of a systematic,
disciplined, quantifiable approach
to the development, operation, and
maintenance of software.[4]
Software development
Agile software development –
is a set of principles about
how software should be
developed based on a rapidly
iterative agile way of working
in contrast to many previous
software development
methodologies.[5]
Capability Maturity Model –
(CMM) in software engineering is
a model of the maturity of the
capability of certain business
processes. A maturity model can
be described as a structured
collection of elements that
describe certain aspects of
maturity in an organization, and
aids in the definition and
understanding of an organization's
processes.
Dynamic Systems Development
Method – (DSDM) is a software
development methodology
originally based upon the Rapid
Application Development
methodology. DSDM is an iterative
and incremental approach that
 emphasizes continuous user
involvement.
Unified Process – The Unified
process is a popular iterative and
incremental software
development process framework.
The best-known and extensively
documented refinement of the
Unified Process is the Rational
Unified Process (RUP).

Types of projects
Mega project – is an extremely large-
scale investment project.
Expansion projects – Expansion of
current operations or undertakings.
Strategic projects
 R&D projects
Customer projects
Continuity projects
Improvement projects

Project management
approaches
Agile project management
Cadence project management
methodology; other than a standard -
the methodology is flexible and
adaptable to the size, risk, and
complexity of projects; recommends
when and how to use which tools; is
adaptable to company, institution, or
sector.
Critical chain project management
(CCPM) – method of planning and
managing projects that puts more
emphasis on the resources required to
execute project tasks.
Event chain methodology – is an
uncertainty modeling and schedule
network analysis technique that is
focused on identifying and managing
events and event chains that affect
project schedules.
Extreme project management (XPM) –
refers to a method of managing very
complex and very uncertain projects.
Lean project management - Lean
concepts in a project management
context.
PMI (Project Management Institute) –
project management standards and
certification.[6]
IPMA (International Project
Management Association) – project
management standards, guidelines
and certification.
PRINCE2 – project management
methodology and certification. The
planning, monitoring and control of all
aspects of the project and the
motivation of all those involved in it to
achieve the project objectives on time
and to the specified cost, quality and
performance.[7]
 Process-based management

Related fields
Industrial engineering
Cost engineering
Facilitation (business)
Project management software
Project management simulation
Resource allocation
Scientific management
Systems engineering
Total cost management
Workflow management

Fields concerned primarily

with projects
History of project
management
Timeline of project management
AACE International
A Guide to the Project Management
Body of Knowledge
Booz Allen Hamilton
Christopher Wren
Critical Path Method
Frederick Winslow Taylor
Gantt chart
Henri Fayol
Henry Gantt – was an American
mechanical engineer and management
 consultant, who developed the Gantt
chart in the 1910s.
Isambard Kingdom Brunel
Karol Adamiecki
Program Evaluation and Review
Technique
Project Management Institute
Remington Rand
Thomas Telford
Trajan's Column
Vitruvius
Work breakdown structure

Project management
processes
Project management process – is the
management process of planning and
controlling the performance or execution
of a project. Typical phases include:

1. Initiation
2. Planning and design
3. Execution and construction
4. Monitoring and controlling systems
5. Completion

General project
management concepts
Dependency in a project network is a
link amongst a project's terminal
elements.
Duration of a project's terminal
element is the number of calendar
periods it takes from the time the
execution of element starts to the
moment it is completed.
Float in a project network is the
amount of time that a task in a project
network can be delayed without
causing a delay to subsequent tasks
and or the project completion date.
Hammock activity – is a schedule
(project management) or project
planning term for a grouping of
subtasks that "hangs" between two
end dates it is tied to. (Or the two end-
events it is fixed to.)
Product breakdown structure – (PBS)
in project management is an
exhaustive, hierarchical tree structure
of components that make up an item,
arranged in whole-part relationship.
Product description – in project
management is a structured format of
presenting information about a project
product
Project Management Triangle – is a
model of the constraints of project
management.
Resources in project management
terminology are required to carry out
the project tasks. They can be people,
equipment, facilities, funding, or
anything else capable of definition
(usually other than labour) required for
the completion of a project activity.
Scope of a project in project
management is the sum total of all of
its products and their requirements or
features.
Tasks in project management are
activity that needs to be accomplished
within a defined period of time.
Time limit is a narrow field of time, or a
particular point in time, by which an
objective or task must be
accomplished.
Work in project management is the
amount of effort applied to produce a
 deliverable or to accomplish a task (a
terminal element).
Vertical slice – is a type of milestone,
benchmark, or deadline, with emphasis
on demonstrating progress across all
components of a project.
Work package – is a subset of a
project that can be assigned to a
specific party for execution. Because
of the similarity, work packages are
often misidentified as projects.
Workstream – is a set of associated
activities, focused around a particular
scope that follow a path from initiation
to completion.

Project management
procedures
Aggregate planning – is an operational
activity which does an aggregate plan
for the production process, in advance
of 2 to 18 months, to give an idea to
management as to what quantity of
materials and other resources are to
be procured and when, so that the total
cost of operations of the organization
is kept to the minimum over that
period.
Allocation – is the assignment of
available resources in an economic
way.
Budgeting
Budget – generally refers to a list
of all planned expenses and
revenues.
Budgeted cost of work performed
– (BCWP) measures the budgeted
cost of work that has actually
been performed, rather than the
cost of work scheduled.
Budgeted cost of work scheduled
– (BCWS) the approved budget
that has been allocated to
complete a scheduled task (or
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
component) during a specific time
period.
Constructability – is a project
management technique to review the
construction processes from start to
finish during pre-construction phase. It
will identify obstacles before a project
is actually built to reduce or prevent
error, delays, and cost overrun.
Cost engineering – is the area of
engineering practice where
engineering judgment and experience
are used in the application of scientific
principles and techniques to problems
of cost estimating, cost control,
business planning and management
science, profitability analysis, project
management, and planning and
scheduling."[8]
Critical path method – (CPM) is a
mathematically based modeling
technique for scheduling a set of
project activities, used in project
management.
Earned value management – (EVM) is
a project management technique for
measuring project progress in an
objective manner, with a combination
of measuring scope, schedule, and
cost in a single integrated system.
Earned schedule – (ES) is an
extension to earned value
management (EVM), which
renames two traditional measures,
to indicate clearly they are in units
of currency or quantity, not time.
Estimation in project management is
the processes of making accurate
estimates using the appropriate
techniques.
Graphical Evaluation and Review
Technique (GERT) – is a network
analysis technique that allows
probabilistic treatment of both network
logic and activity duration estimated.
HERMES is a Project Management
Method developed by the Swiss
Government, based on the German V-
Modell. The first domain of application
was software projects.
Kickoff meeting – is the first meeting
with the project team and the client of
the project.
Linear scheduling method – (LSM) is a
graphical scheduling method focusing
on continuous resource utilization in
repetitive activities. It is believed that it
originally adopted the idea of Line-Of-
Balance method.
Program Management – is the process
of managing multiple ongoing inter-
dependent projects. An example would
be that of designing, manufacturing
and providing support infrastructure
for an automobile manufacturer.
Project accounting – Is the practice of
creating financial reports specifically
designed to track the financial
progress of projects, which can then
be used by managers to aid project
management.
Project Cost Management A method of
managing a project in real-time from
the estimating stage to project control;
through the use of technology cost,
schedule and productivity is
monitored.
Project planning – is part of project
management, which relates to the use
of schedules such as Gantt charts to
plan and subsequently report progress
within the project environment.[9]
Task is part of a set of actions which
accomplish a job, problem or
 assignment.

Project management tools

BOSCARD – a strategic planning tool
used in project management to give
the Terms of reference for new
projects.
Event chain diagram – diagram that
show the relationships between events
and tasks and how the events affect
each other.
Gantt chart – is a type of bar chart that
illustrates a project schedule. It
illustrate the start and finish dates of
the terminal elements and summary
elements of a project. Terminal
elements and summary elements
comprise the work breakdown
structure of the project.
Integrated Master Plan – (IMP) is an
event-based, top level plan, consisting
of a hierarchy of Program Events.
Milestones are tools used in project
management to mark specific points
along a project timeline.
Project charter is a statement of the
scope, objectives, and participants in a
project.
Project Management Simulators – are
computer-based tools used in project
management training programs.
Usually, project management
simulation is a group exercise. The
computer-based simulation is an
interactive learning activity.
Project management software – is a
type of software, including scheduling,
cost control and budget management,
resource allocation, collaboration
software, communication, quality
management and documentation or
administration systems, which are
used to deal with the complexity of
large projects.
Project network – is a graph (flow
chart) depicting the sequence in which
a project's terminal elements are to be
completed by showing terminal
elements and their dependencies.
Project plan – is a formal, approved
document used to guide both project
execution and project control. The
primary uses of the project plan are to
document planning assumptions and
decisions, facilitate communication
among stakeholders, and document
approved scope, cost, and schedule
baselines. A project plan may be
summary or detailed.[10]
Risk register – is a tool commonly
used in project planning and
organizational risk assessments.
Schedules in project management
consists of a list of a project's terminal
 elements with intended start and finish
dates.
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is a
tool that defines a project and groups
the project’s discrete work elements in
a way that helps organize and define
the total work scope of the project. A
Work breakdown structure element
may be a product, data, a service, or
any combination. WBS also provides
the necessary framework for detailed
cost estimating and control along with
providing guidance for schedule
development and control.

Project-related problems
 Cost overrun – is defined as excess of
actual cost over budget.
Scope creep – refers to changes in a
project's scope at any point after the
project commenses. This phenomenon
can occur when the scope of a project
is not properly defined, documented, or
controlled. It is generally considered a
negative occurrence that is to be
avoided.

The Systems Development Life Cycle.

Project management
standards
ISO 10006 – guideline for quality
management in projects, is an
international standard developed by
the International Organization for
Standardization.
PMBoK; Project Management Body of
Knowledge, is the international
standard for project management
developed by the Project Management
Institute PMI.
APMBoK; Association for Project
Management Body of Knowledge,
developed by the APM (affiliated with
the IPMA).

Project participants
Executive sponsor – : the senior
member of the project board and often
the chair.
Project Management Professional – is
a certificated professional in project
management.
Certified Project Management
Professional
Project manager – : professional in the
field of project management. Project
managers can have the responsibility
of the planning, execution, and closing
of any project, typically relating to
construction industry, architecture,
computer networking,
telecommunications or software
development.
Project stakeholders – are those
entities within or without an
organization which sponsor a project
or, have an interest or a gain upon a
successful completion of a project.
Project team – is the management
team leading the project, and provide
services to the project. Projects often
bring together a variety number of
problems. Stakeholders have
important issues with others.
Project management office –: The
Project management office in a
business or professional enterprise is
 the department or group that defines
and maintains the standards of
process, generally related to project
management, within the organization.
The PMO strives to standardize and
introduce economies of repetition in
the execution of projects. The PMO is
the source of documentation, guidance
and metrics on the practice of project
management and execution.

Project management
education
Degrees

Master of Science in Project

Management
 Doctor of Project Management

Professional Certifications

Project Management Professional

Certified Associate in Project
Management
Certified Project Management
Professional
TOCICO Certified in Critical Chain
Project Management [11]

Schools

RMIT School of Property, Construction

and Project Management

Project management
organizations
 Association for Project Management
Indian Institute of Project Management
Theory of Constraints International
Certification Organization [12]
Libyan Project Management
Association
Project Management Institute
Project Management Research &
Development Center
Australian Institute of Project
Management

Project management
publications
A Guide to the Project Management
Body of Knowledge
Persons influential in
project management
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Learn more

See also
Glossary of project management
List of project management software

References
1. *The Definitive Guide to Project
Management. Nokes, Sebastian. 2nd
Ed.n. London (Financial Times /
Prentice Hall): 2007. ISBN 978-0-
273-71097-4
2. Paul C. Dinsmore et al (2005) The
right projects done right! John Wiley
 and Sons, 2005. ISBN 0-7879-7113-
8. p.35 and further.
3. Project Management Institute
(2004). A Guide to the Project
Management Body of Knowledge:
PMBOK Guide. 3rd Edition. Newtown
Square, Pennsylvania, Project
Management Institute, p. 5.
4. “IEEE Standard Glossary of Software
Engineering Terminology,” IEEE std
610.12-1990, 1990, quoted at the
beginning of Chapter 1: Introduction
to the guide "Guide to the Software
Engineering Body of Knowledge" .
February 6, 2004. Archived from the
 original on 2008-01-18. Retrieved
2008-02-21.
5. Peter Schuh (2005). Integrating Agile
Development in the Real World.
ebrary, Inc. p.2.
6. [1] .
7. The PRINCE2 Guide - A to Z .
8. AACE International's Recommended
Practice 11R-88, Required Skills and
Knowledge of Cost Engineering,
provides some answers which are
excerpted here. Beyond being a
guiding document for AACE
International’s education and
certification developments, 11R-88 is
an excellent reference for industry
 core competency and career model
development.
9. Harold Kerzner (2003). Project
Management: A Systems Approach
to Planning, Scheduling, and
Controlling (8th ed.). Wiley. ISBN 0-
471-22577-0.
10. Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK), 2000 Edition
11. http://www.tocico.org/?
page=project_management
12. http://www.tocico.org

External links

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Guidelines for Managing Projects

from the UK Department for Business,
Enterprise and Regulatory Reform
(BERR)
Max Wideman's "Open Source"
Comparative Glossary of Project
Management Terms

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