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    Dyspnoea 2

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    Shubham Tarapure
    Chronic dyspnea is shortness of breath that lasts more than 4-8 weeks. It typically begins as breathlessness with exertion and progresses to breathlessness at rest. Chronic dyspnea can be caused by respiratory diseases like COPD or cardiovascular diseases like heart failure. Common tests to evaluate chronic dyspnea include pulse oximetry, blood tests, spirometry, chest X-ray, and echocardiogram. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include oxygen, fluids, medications, and management of the specific condition causing dyspnea.

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    Dyspnoea 2

    Uploaded by

    Shubham Tarapure
    14 views1 page
    Chronic dyspnea is shortness of breath that lasts more than 4-8 weeks. It typically begins as breathlessness with exertion and progresses to breathlessness at rest. Chronic dyspnea can be caused by respiratory diseases like COPD or cardiovascular diseases like heart failure. Common tests to evaluate chronic dyspnea include pulse oximetry, blood tests, spirometry, chest X-ray, and echocardiogram. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include oxygen, fluids, medications, and management of the specific condition causing dyspnea.

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    Chronic dyspnea is shortness of breath that lasts more than 4-8 weeks. It typically begins as breathlessness with exertion and progresses to breathlessness at rest. Chronic dyspnea can be caused by respiratory diseases like COPD or cardiovascular diseases like heart failure. Common tests to evaluate chronic dyspnea include pulse oximetry, blood tests, spirometry, chest X-ray, and echocardiogram. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include oxygen, fluids, medications, and management of the specific condition causing dyspnea.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    14 views1 page

    Dyspnoea 2

    Uploaded by

    Shubham Tarapure
    Chronic dyspnea is shortness of breath that lasts more than 4-8 weeks. It typically begins as breathlessness with exertion and progresses to breathlessness at rest. Chronic dyspnea can be caused by respiratory diseases like COPD or cardiovascular diseases like heart failure. Common tests to evaluate chronic dyspnea include pulse oximetry, blood tests, spirometry, chest X-ray, and echocardiogram. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include oxygen, fluids, medications, and management of the specific condition causing dyspnea.

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    Armando Hasudungan

    Biology and Medicine videos

    Chronic Dyspnea
    Authors
    Overview Dyspnea (Greek dys, meaning “painful,” “difficult,” and pneuma, meaning
    “breath. Dyspnea is the medical term for subjective experience of breathlessness or
    shortness of breath. Dyspnea can be acute when it develops over hours to days and
    chronic when it has been for more than four to eight weeks.

    Remember As a rule, chronic dyspnea begins with breathlessness on exertion—which,


    in time, progresses to dyspnea at rest.
    Dyspnea may be due to diseases in virtually any organ system, whether caused by
    interference with breathing, increased demand for breathing, or weakening of the
    respiratory pump. In most cases, however, patients with dyspnea can be categorized
    into one of two groups: respiratory related dyspnea or cardiovascular related dyspnea.
    COMMON CAUSES OF CHRONIC DYSPNOEA
    Respiratory Disease Cardiovascular Disease
    COPD Myocardial Dysfunction (Heart Failure)
    Asthma Obesity/de-conditioning
    Interstitial lung disease

    CAUSES OF DYSPNOEA
    Acute Chronic
    Pulmonary edema COPD
    Asthma Left-Sided Heart Failure
    Injury to chest wall and intrathoracic structures Asthma
    Spontaneous pneumothorax Pulmonary vascular disease
    Pulmonary embolism Psychogenic dyspnea
    Pneumonia Anemia (severe)
    ARDS Hypersensitivity disorders
    Pleural effusion Pleural effusion
    Pulmonary Haemorrhage
    Foreign body aspiration
    Anxiety
    NYHA classification of dyspnea (For Heart Failure)
    I nil at rest, some on vigorous activity
    II nil at rest, dyspnea on moderate exertion
    III mild dyspnea at rest, worse on mild exertion
    IV significant dyspnea at rest and worse on slight exertion

    Investigation

    Pulse oximetry
    Full blood count (to exclude anaemia): The degree of dyspnea associated with
    anaemia may depend on the rapidity of blood loss and the degree of exertion
    that the patient undertakes.
    Glucose
    EUC
    Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).
    Spirometry pre and post inhaled bronchodilator OR full pulmonary function tests
    (PFTs) if the clinical evaluation does not suggest asthma or COPD.
    Pulse oximetry during ambulation at a normal pace over approximately 200
    meters and/or up two to three flights of stairs.
    Chest X-ray
    ECG
    Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
    Echocardiography is useful for evaluating suspected left ventricular dysfunction,
    pulmonary hypertension, and diastolic dysfunction.

    Management

    Oxygen
    Fluids
    Analgesis
    Chest X-ray
    ECG

    Specific types of Dyspnea

    Orthopnea - dyspnea when lying flat. patient usually sleeps with multiple pillows
    Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - episodes of breathlessness at night. It is
    associated with pulmonary oedema
    Cheyne–Stokes breathing is characterized by alternating periods of
    hypoventilation and hyperventilation
    Kussmaul breathing - Diabetic ketoacidosis who manifests with “air
    hunger”: rapid breathing.

    Category navigation

    « Acute Dyspnea Cough »

    © Armando Hasudungan 2023 | For enquires contact me on armando@armandoh.org |

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