At the end of this week, the student is expected to:

a. Understand what is android operating system and its uses

b. Appreciate the features of the android versions
c. Move around the Android Studio IDE and use it in developing mobile application

a. History of the Android Operating System

b. Android Versions and its features
c. Android Studio as an Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

Mobile devices, especially android phones, are now widely used around the globe. Perhaps, all of you
who are enrolled in this subject have your own. You use it every day in communicating with your family
and friends who are not around. You also use it to relieve your stress by playing arcade, Role Playing
Games, or MOBA such as Mobile Legends.

This module will introduce you to the Android OS as well as its evolution from its first version to the
latest. You will get to know the features of this operating system, whereas some of it may already be
familiar with you. This module will also guide you in the installation of the Android Studio for you to be
able to create your first mobile application.

Who would have thought that after two decades, an operating system called Android would rise to its
current popularity?

According to the recent statistics (January 9, 2023), Android has 2.5 billion users in 190 countries
worldwide on their phones, tablets, and other devices. The journey to reach global adoption has been
both eventful and marked by rivalry.
Questions:
1. When did you have your first mobile device?
2. How many hours in a day do you spend in using those devices? And what application do you
frequently use?

History of the Android Operating System

In Palo Alto, California, four founders came together to form the
early team. This included Andy Rubin, Chris White, Nick Sears, and
Rich Miner. Originally, the company vision didn't include phones.
Andy Rubin shared in a 2013 speech that the plan for Android was
to develop a smart operating system (OS) for digital cameras.
Android would serve as a camera platform that would store photos
and videos. However, when pitching investors in 2004, the team
realized interest was low and the camera market was too small.

From there, the team made a major pivot to the smartphone sector. Major rivals at the time were
Blackberry, Palm OS, webOS, Windows Mobile, and Symbian. While rivals were charging for their
software, Android decided to approach the industry a little differently. Their vision was to create a free
platform that would sell other services, apps, and games. In this way, the team felt it would be easier to
grow and partner with phone makers.

Android was quietly acquired by Google in 2005. While the amount was undisclosed, those familiar with
the matter estimate the purchasing price at around $50 million (2.7 billion Pesos). Google also hired Andy
Rubin as the senior vice president of mobile and digital content.

Now, what is Android?

Android is an open-source Linux-based operating system primarily used for touchscreen devices like
smartphones and tablets. It signifies that the original source code is freely available and it can be
modified and distributed.

Objective:
To create a visual representation of the uses of android devices in our everyday life.

Task:
As an IT student, you are tasked to create a poster that shows the uses of devices with the android
operating system in your everyday life and how it benefits you.

Tools and resources:

Any digital tools, editing software, and resources (e.g., Canva, Photoshop, MS Paint, etc.).

Note: Read the full instruction in Google Classroom.

 Android 1.0 – released to the public in September 2008 without a codename.

Android 1.1 – released in February 2009 which also does not have a codename publicly but was
named after a French dessert “Petit fours” during its development at Google.

Android 1.5 – released in April 2009 and had the first public codename of Cupcake. In this
version, auto-rotate and support for third-party keyboards was added in addition
to the uploading of videos to Youtube which was not present on the first two
versions.

Android 1.6 – released in September 2009 with the codename Donut. This version supported
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) based networks and introduced the quick
search box and toggling.

Android 2.0 - 2.1 – released in October 2009 with the codename Éclair. The key features added to
this version includes the text-to-speech support, usage of multiple accounts, live
wallpapers, and Google Maps navigation.

Android 2.2 – released in May 2010 with the codename Froyo, or Frozen Yogurt. Mobile hotspot,
flash support and more were included in this version.

Android 2.3 – released in September 2010 with the codename Gingerbread. This version
supported the use of near field communication and multiple cameras.

Android 3.0 – first introduced in February 2011 with the codename Honeycomb which was
released and can be used only on devices with larger screens such as tablets.

Android 4.0 – released in October 2011 with the codename Ice Cream Sandwich. The
combination of Gingerbread and Honeycomb features was seen in this version.
There were key features added such as notification dismissal using swipe
gestures and data usage monitoring.

Android 4.1 - 4.3 – started the release in June 2012 for the 4.1 with the codename Jelly Bean. It
displayed more content in addition to the action buttons included in the
notification. It was then followed by 4.2 and 4.3 which was released in October
2012 and July 2013 respectively.

Android 4.4 – officially released in September 2013 with a codename trademarked by Nestle,
KitKat. The key feature of this version is the optimization of the operating system
that allowed it to run on devices with a Random Access Memory of 512 MB.

Android 5.0 – released in November 2014 with the codename Lollipop. The first version that
used material design language of Google. It also included the support for dual sim,
high-definition voice calls and more.
 Android 6.0 – released in October 2015 with the codename Marshmallow. The in-app
permissions were included in this version allowing the permissions to be enabled
only when it is needed. Another feature added is the support for Android Pay and
Do Not Disturb functionality.

Android 7.0 – released in August 2016 with the codename Nougat. Multi-tasking through the use
of split-screen is added, as well as, displaying information on the lock screen.

Android 8.0 – released in August 2017 with a codename Oreo. It has a lot of changes in its
appearance such as the dimming of navigation buttons when it is not in use and
light and dark themes.

Android 9.0 – released in August 2018 with the codename Pie. It used machine learning for
battery management in connection to frequently used mobile applications.

Android 10 – released in September 2019 and the first version to not use a dessert as its
codename. It supported foldable phones and added Live Caption, tool for adding
captions upon detecting speech.

Android 11 – released on September 2020 with an improved notifications for the messaging or
chat applications as well as tighter permissions.

Android 12 – (internally codenamed Snow Cone) released on October 4 2021. As of February

2023, Android 12 is the most popular version of Android, with 25.12% of devices
having the operating system installed. Android 12 introduces a major refresh to
the operating system's Material Design language branded as "Material You", which
features larger buttons, increased use of animation, and a new style for home
screen widgets. And a that automatically generate a color theme for system
menus and supported apps using the colors of the user's wallpaper.

Android 13 – (internally codenamed Tiramisu) released on August 15, 2022. Android 13 is

packed with many features, like HDR video support on third-party camera apps, an
updated media output switcher, braille displays for Talkback and more. And it
goes beyond the phone to give users a connected set of experiences across other
devices like tablets and laptops.

What version of Android did you like the best? Is it the current version of your Android device?
Objective:
Create a graphic organizer that shows the evolution of the android operating system from its first to its
current version.

Task:
As an IT student, you are tasked to create a timeline that presents all the versions of Android from first
to last. Apply your creativity in doing this activity.

Tools and resources:

Any digital tools, editing software, and resources (e.g., Canva, Photoshop, MS Paint, etc.).

Note: Read the full instruction in Google Classroom.

Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is used by developers in the

creation of software. It is composed of different tools such as editors,
compilers, test platforms and more that simplifies the development process.
As future developers, this application will help you minimize coding structure
mistakes, as well as, ease you in remembering commands or functions.

In creating your first mobile application, you will be using the Android Studio
which was developed by Google based on IntelliJ IDEA of JetBrains. It is the
official IDE for Android application development that increases the productivity in building your
applications through IntelliSense.

Installation of the Android Studio

The process for installing the Android Studio maybe a bit intricate and may cause some errors along the
way or during the execution of your first android application. Do not be frightened because this part will
guide you on the steps of the installation while referring to the images attached to it. Please make sure
that you have a stable internet connection before you proceed.

Step 1- Downloading the installer

Go to developer.android.com/studio and download the installer that matches your computer’s system
properties.
Step 2 - Run the installer
After downloading, go to the folder where you’re the file is located. At the date of writing, the installer for
the Android Studio has the following filename as presented in the picture below

Step 3- Follow the Installation Wizard

The following pictures below will guide you of what you can see on the installation wizard.

Click Next>, until you reach “Finish”.

Step 4- Finish the Setup
By clicking finish as projected on the last picture above, your computer will open the Android Studio and
automatically start the downloading of components. This is where you need your fast internet
connection.

Wait until the Android Studio downloads all necessary components. Then Click again the Next> button
until reaching the SDK Components Setup wherein it installs Android SDK.

Step 5 – Successfully Installed

Congratulations! You have successfully installed Android Studio. You can now start creating your own
mobile application
The User Interface

1. Toolbar: Carry out a wide range of actions, including running your app and launching Android
tools.
2. Navigation bar: Navigate through your project and open files for editing. It provides a more
compact view of the structure visible in the Project window.
3. Editor window: Create and modify code. Depending on the current file type, the editor can change.
For example, when viewing a layout file, the editor displays the Layout Editor.
4. Tool window bar: Use the buttons on the outside of the IDE window to expand or collapse
individual tool windows.
5. Tool windows: Access specific tasks like project management, search, version control, and more.
You can expand them and collapse them.
6. Status bar: Display the status of your project and the IDE itself, as well as any warnings or
messages.
Let us see if you can remember the main points raised in this lesson. Below is a summary of these points:
• Android operating system, or simply Android, is an operating system made for touch screen
devices which is based on Linux. It is free and can be modified by anyone to fit the needs.

• Android has multiple versions from which it started to be released on 2008 to the public. Every
version released has its own feature added to the entire Android operating system.

• Android Studio is an integrated development environment that is used to create mobile

applications faster through the use of IntelliSense.

1. Chen, J. (2020). Android Operating System. Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/3dh13Hi

2. McLaughlin, M. (2020). Android Versions Guide: Everything You Need to Know. Retrieved from:
https://bit.ly/3dg4L3V
3. Callaham, J. (2020). The history of Android: The evolution of the biggest mobile OS in the world.
Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/3hNBUVM
4. Google Developers (2020). Meet Android Studio. Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/3lox3fk
5. Android Developers. Meet Android Studio. Retrieved from (February 27, 2023):
https://developer.android.com/studio/intro
6. Android Police. (January 8, 2023). Android 13: The 8 best new features. Retrieved from:
https://www.androidpolice.com/android-13-best-new-features/

Compiled by:

JEREMI R. MICUA
Faculty, College of Information
and Technology Education

Updates (February 27, 2023)

PATRICK V. MOLE, MIT

Faculty, College Information
and Technology Education