International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)

ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8 Issue-2S7, July 2019

Simulation of a Low Cost Single Phase to Three

Phase Converter using Arduino
Anirban Giri, Tomas Deb Adhikary, Debadyuti Banerjee

 stepped wave based conversion system. This process is

Abstract: This paper proposes a single phase to three phase suitable for high power application and it reduces the output
conversion system composed of a rectifier, capacitive filter, voltage harmonics[7].The converter is totally controlled by
Arduino controller, resistive switching network, buffer circuit and Arduino. For simplicity in the process stepped sine wave is
amplifier circuit. The proposed topology permits to operate at
different frequencies by changing the coding of Arduino pulse generated by the help of Arduino and resistive network, and
generator. Although the effectiveness of previous work is this is filtered. This converter is able to supply a constant
acknowledged, none have assessed the multilevel wave generation frequency & well balanced three phase power.
using arduino and resistive switching network. It reduces the cost
by using resistive switching technique and better accuracy as the
input pulse is divided into 20 steps and finally a stepped sine wave
is obtained. This converter can be easily used for motors up-to
5HP. Analysis and simulated results are presented to validate
these features.

Keywords : Amplifier, signal generator, buffer circuit

arrangement, rectifier.
Fig. 1. Block diagram of the system

I. INTRODUCTION

In some rural areas due to low density of consumers only

single phase supply has been provided[5]. To overcome this
problem,single phase to three phase converter can be used.
Three phase motors are preferred more then the single phase
motor in industrial and commercial application due to better
performance[4] of efficiency,torque,ripple and power
Fig. 2. Three phase sine wave
factor.[11]If a single phase induction motor is compared to a
three phase induction motor, three phase induction motor is In a three phase system all the phase must be in same
less costly[6],simple in construction and small in size[13]. frequency. The signal of a phase will repeat after 120° in next
The main advantage of three phase induction motor is that it phase.
takes 3 to 5 times of running current at the time of starting Time period(T)=1/frequency(f)
whereas a single phase induction motor takes 6 to 8 times of Full cycle of a signal is 360
running current at the time of starting[13]. The system is Phase difference is(T×120)/360 = T/3
based on Single phase to three phase DC link A complete cycle is divided into 20 steps.
converter[10].Previously the Single phase to three phase Time period of each pulse=(T/3)/20 = 20T/3
conversion system was done by connecting passive elements
and reactors with autotransformer converter.[8]This system is
applicable for water pump,small rural industries,railways and
some remote areas to run three phase induction motor from II. DESIGN OF STEPPED SINE WAVE INVERTER
single phase grid.[9][12]. In most of the cases single phase
A sine wave can be build up by adding square waves of
power is converted to three phase power by various ways of
various DC voltages in a particular way.This process offers a
switching process by solid state devices[2][3][10]. Mainly the
harmonics reduction topology. This waves basically generates
switching[1] is done by PWM concept. This paper proposes a
by continuous switching of different dc voltages at a
particular manner.By using proper design the harmonics of
Revised Manuscript Received on July 22, 2019. the system can be reduced.
Anirban Giri, Department of Electrical Engineering, M I E T, Bandel,
India.
Tomas Deb Adhikary, Department of Electrical Engineering, M I E T,
Bandel, India.
Debadyuti Banerjee, Department of Electrical Engineering, M I E T,
Bandel, India.

Published By:
Retrieval Number: B11140782S719/2019©BEIESP Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.B1114.0782S719 289 & Sciences Publication
 Simulation of a low cost single phase to three phase converter using arduino

For better accuracy in the output signal the signal is divided

in 20 steps.A microcontroller always generate constant
voltage pulse.By designing a proper biased resistive network
that particular voltage pulse is converted to a particular
voltage. Basically it works like a switching process.From the
resistive network the different output voltage are generating
continuously.So the output Voltage is a sine wave.

Fig. 4. Output of phase 1

III. BUFFER & AMPLIFICATION

Fig. 3. Three phase stepped sine wave generator Fig. 5. Buffer&amplification circuit

Table- I: Timing logic of phase 1

The buffer circuit is mainly used to isolate the signal
interval g a b c d e f g h i generator circuit to the amplification circuit.This proposed
0-18 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 circuit has less distortion.
18-36 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 In amplification part, a two stage amplifier is used to
36-54 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 amplify the signal.This amplified voltage is not too much.To
54-72 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 reduce the amplifier cost a low power rating transformer is
72-90 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
used to boost up the voltage .Main power amplifier is the
90-108 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
MOSFET amplifier.So it takes very less current from the
108-12 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
6 transformer.In MOSFET amplifier a power transformer is
126-14 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 used to isolate the system from the load and increase the
4 output voltage level.
144-16 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
162-18 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 The proposed system has been implemented by simulation
180-19 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 in software named “Proteus 8 Professional”.We have simulate
8 this circuit in “Proteus 8 Professional” because it offers real
198-21 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 time based simulation.The experimental data has been shown
6
bellow.To reduce the ripple the rectified voltage is filtered by
216-23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
4 a simple capacitor type filter.The “Arduino mega” works as
234-25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 pulse generator.Its output pulse is always 5V,by using proper
2 biased resistive network. The continuously generated pulse
252-27 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 is converted to a stepped sine wave.The output power of the
0 stepped sine wave is in miliwatt range.To boost up the power,
270-28 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 amplifier circuit is needed.A proper biased buffer circuit is
8
used to isolate the signal generating part from the
288-30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
6 amplification part.A small 2 stage amplifier is used to boost
306-32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 up the power.We can consider the output signal as control
4 signal.A low power rating transformer is used to step up the
324-34 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 control signal.Now the signal is fed to MOSFET amplifier.
2
342-36 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0

Published By:
Retrieval Number: B11140782S719/2019©BEIESP Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.B1114.0782S719 290 & Sciences Publication
 International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)
ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8 Issue-2S7, July 2019

Due to the high input impedance of the MOSET, it takes Fig. 8. Output waveform of three phase at load terminal at
very low power as input.The MOSFET amplifier is fed from 100/ph in star
main DC supply.Power transformer is used to increase the
voltage level of the MOSFET amplifier and isolate the
amplifier part from the load circuit. Output voltage and
current are measured by voltmeter and ammeter
respectively.The output waveform is observed by the digital
oscilloscope in Proteus.The output performance is taken for
different value of load.The simulation results are given
below.By observing the simulations results, it is clear that the
system is well balanced and frequency does not depend on
load.This system can be used for up-to 5HP load.

Fig. 9. Output waveform at load at 25ohm/ph in star

Fig. 6. Output waveform at three phase stepped sine wave Table- II: Output characteristic table
generator
LOAD In star Line Voltage Line current
connection/ph (Volts) (Amp)
V1 V2 V3 I1 I2 I3
No load 433 435 427 0.00 0.00 0.00
100ohm 423 419 422 2.49 2.44 2.45
50 ohm 408 417 411 4.77 4.78 4.88
75 ohm 421 421 411 3.23 3.30 3.23
25 ohm 390 399 392 9.11 9.16 9.32

V. CONCLUSION
A single phase to three phase stepped sine wave converter
has been implemented using rectifier, stepped sine wave
generator, buffer and amplifier circuit. The proposed
topology gives output with lower distortion and better
accuracy. The distortion of the stepped wave can be further
eliminated by using controllers which have better accuracy
then Arduino. By increasing the power rating of the amplifiers
Fig. 7. Output three phase waveform at no load the system can be used for heavier loads.

REFERENCES
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Published By:
Retrieval Number: B11140782S719/2019©BEIESP Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.B1114.0782S719 291 & Sciences Publication
 Simulation of a low cost single phase to three phase converter using arduino

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AUTHORS PROFILE

Anirban Giri pursuing B.Tech in Electrical

Engineering from MODERN INSTITUTE OF
ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY under MAKAUT. He
has participated in National Science Day exhibition at
MAKAUT main campus. He has attended a international
conference (ICEECC 2019) at PCMT, Kolkata. His
Author-1
research interests include Electrical machines, Power electronics and power
Photo
system protection.

Tomas Deb Adhikary received B.Tech in Electrical

Engineering from Calcutta Institute of Engineering
and Management under MAKAUT and M.Tech in
Mechatronics Engineering from National Institute
of Technical Teachers’ Training and Research
Author-2
under MAKAUT (Bronze Medalist). He is working as Assistant
Photo
Professor in Department of Electrical Engineering, at MODERN
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY. His research
interest includes filter design, sensors, electrical drives and recent
advancement in transmission and distribution system.

Debadyuti Banerjee received B.E in Electrical

Engineering from NIT Durgapur and M.E from Jadavpur
University (Gold Medalist in Illumination Engineering).
She is working as HOD in Department of Electrical
Engineering, at MODERN INSTITUTE OF
hoto
ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY. Her research interest includes power
electronics applications to renewable energy, LED drivers and recent
advancements in illumination engineering.

Published By:
Retrieval Number: B11140782S719/2019©BEIESP Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.B1114.0782S719 292 & Sciences Publication