This document summarizes a student assignment on designing a solar power plant. It includes:
- An introduction with the names of 4 students submitting the assignment.
- An overview of 3 main types of solar power plants: photovoltaic, solar thermal, and concentrating solar plants.
- Descriptions of the working principles, main components, operation cycle, and design considerations for constructing a solar power plant.
- Details of calculations to determine the required system size based on the load and storage needs.
- Criteria for selecting the project site, including location, climate, temperature, and future potential for solar power.
This document summarizes a student assignment on designing a solar power plant. It includes:
- An introduction with the names of 4 students submitting the assignment.
- An overview of 3 main types of solar power plants: photovoltaic, solar thermal, and concentrating solar plants.
- Descriptions of the working principles, main components, operation cycle, and design considerations for constructing a solar power plant.
- Details of calculations to determine the required system size based on the load and storage needs.
- Criteria for selecting the project site, including location, climate, temperature, and future potential for solar power.
This document summarizes a student assignment on designing a solar power plant. It includes:
- An introduction with the names of 4 students submitting the assignment.
- An overview of 3 main types of solar power plants: photovoltaic, solar thermal, and concentrating solar plants.
- Descriptions of the working principles, main components, operation cycle, and design considerations for constructing a solar power plant.
- Details of calculations to determine the required system size based on the load and storage needs.
- Criteria for selecting the project site, including location, climate, temperature, and future potential for solar power.
This document summarizes a student assignment on designing a solar power plant. It includes:
- An introduction with the names of 4 students submitting the assignment.
- An overview of 3 main types of solar power plants: photovoltaic, solar thermal, and concentrating solar plants.
- Descriptions of the working principles, main components, operation cycle, and design considerations for constructing a solar power plant.
- Details of calculations to determine the required system size based on the load and storage needs.
- Criteria for selecting the project site, including location, climate, temperature, and future potential for solar power.
Usman Tahir BSME01183025 Waqar Ahmed BSME01183097 M. Ibrahim Niaz BSME01183052
Section: C Session 2018-2022
Submitted to:
Sir Habibullah Types of Solar Power Plant: A solar power plant is used in an active manner when the energy from the sun is converted directly into a useable form which can be used for powering all kinds of appliances that are present in the house on a normal basis. Passive use of solar energy takes place when houses and buildings have been created in such a manner that they get the maximum exposure to the rays of the sun. There are many different kinds of solar power plants which are constructed all over the world. They include the
• photovoltaic solar energy plant.
• solar thermal energy plant. • concentrating power plant.
Photovoltaic solar energy plant
This is the appropriate substitute for the usual electrical energy which is used in houses for powering electrical appliances. Photovoltaic cells will capture the energy which is generated from the sun and get it converted into electricity. The process of energy conversion is clean and simple and it does not involve injecting any kind of smoke or harmful chemicals into the atmosphere. A lot of companies have decided to have grids containing photovoltaic cells installed on their premises so that they can derive the maximum amount of energy from them and also reduce their dependence on the traditional forms of electrical energy.
Solar Thermal energy plant
A solar thermal energy plant will be used for creating solar generated heaters which can be used for heating water and also as an indoor heating system. Thermal cells will be used to capture the energy which has been generated by the sun and then convert it into heat energy. It is also possible to make use of this energy for cooking purposes and also for drying clothes. Low temperatures can be used for heating water as well as swimming pools. Medium heat is used for heating up the inside of homes as well as office buildings. High temperatures will help in generating the electricity which is needed for everyday uses in homes and offices.
Concentrating power plant
The method of functioning of these solar power plants is similar to that of the photovoltaic solar energy plants. The extra addition in these concentrating power plants is that they make use of mirrors and lenses in order to capture energy from the rays of the sun. The light from the sun will be directed towards the photovoltaic cells and they will be converted into heat energy. Usually very big companies make use of these concentrating power plants for utilizing solar energy. The presence of solar power plants in many parts of the world has made it possible for the energy from the sun to be utilized in the right manner. They help in reducing the consumption of electricity to a large extent. Construction of solar power plant:
Working Principle The working principle is that we use the energy of photons to get the drift current flowing in the circuit using reversed bias p-n junction diode (p-type and n-type silicon combination). As sunlight falls over a solar cell, a large number of photons strike the p-type region of silicon. Electron and hole pair will get separated after absorbing the energy of photon. The electron travels from p-type region to n-type region due to the action of electric field at p-n junction. Further the diode is reversed biased to increase this electric field. So, these current starts flowing in the circuit for individual solar cell. We combine the current of all the solar cells of a solar panel, to get a significant output.
Solar power plant has a large number of solar panels connected to each other to get a large voltage output. The electrical energy coming from the combined effort of solar panels is stored in the Lithium-ion batteries to be supplied at night time, when there is no sunlight
Main Components Solar cell • semiconductor device Solar panel (PV module) • different than collector Solar array • solar panel • battery • inverters • electrical components • appliance Operation Cycle & Process Flow
Photovoltaic Equipment Selection and System Design Criteria
In general, there are two types of PV system configurations utilized in large scale solar developments, fixed tilt and single axis tracking mounting structures. Fixed tilt systems are typically rack mounted systems with the panels installed at a fixed angle, normally at or near the latitude of the site (30 degrees for the Houston site) to maximize for annual energy production (see Figure 2 below). Single axis tracking systems employ an actuator system that rotates an axel so that the panels track the sun from east to west over the course of a day. The trade-offs between these two systems include: Fixed tilt systems are lighter in weight, are less expensive, and produce less energy per installed kW on an annual basis than a single axis tracking system Single axis tracking systems are heavier (requiring deeper piers for footings), more expensive, and produce more energy per installed kW on an annual basis than a fixed tilt system. Constructions of solar power plant includes determining the:
• PV SYSTEM SIZE • CONCEPTUAL DESIGN ELEMENTS • SPECIFICATIONS • PV Generation Output Analysis Calculations:
Determining the total load current and operating time requirements in Ampere-hours
Taking care of system losses and safety factors
Determining the worst case (wintertime) Equivalent Sun Hours (ESH)
Determining total solar array current requirements
Determining optimum module arrangement for solar array.
Determining battery size for recommended reserve time.
SITE SELECTION CRITERIA
Choosing the right solar module support method involves understanding a variety of environmental factors such as soil conditions, geographic location, and regional wind speeds to name a few. Other important factors that need to be considered include soil mechanics such as consolidation, permeability and seepage, bearing capacity, lateral earth pressure, slope stability, as well as wind engineering to determine potential forces or loads that the solar module installation will be subject to, based on panel size, panel weight, geographic orientation, etc. Each of these factors needs to be carefully considered for each and every solar system installation in order to minimize the risk of downtime caused by damage or failure to the system components and then in turn maximize the ROI or return on investment of the system. 1. LONGITUDE AND LATITUDE OF AREA For installing 1MW PV plant 5 acres of land is required. Here we have selected a land located 5 km away from the Bongi town, Hyderabad Telangana which comes under Deccan plateau. It has an average elevation 329 m / 1079 ft above sea level. Area 5 acres Location Bongi Latitude of Area:17.5°N Longitude of Area :78.89°E
2. Wind In the chosen area the wind flow is moderate and it will be same throughout the year and the effect of wind is very less because the site where the 1Mw plant to be installed is come under Deccan plateau only during monsoon the wind speed is more which ranges up to 6.30 Km per hour in June Wind speed: 4.482 km/sec, Wind direction- south east & south east south
3. CLIMATE: The region experiences hot and dry summer throughout the year except during the South West Monsoon season. The year may broadly be divided into four seasons. It experiences cold season from December to Mid-February, summer season from Mid-February to first week of June. South West monsoon season from June to September and retreating monsoon or the past monsoon season during October to November. Meteorological drought vulnerability 26% which is moderate according to average Indian drought frequency.
4. Temperature: Cold season extending from December to February is followed by summer when both day and night temperatures increase sharply. May being the hottest month, the mean daily maximum temperature is about 40*C (104.0*F) and the mean daily minimum is about 28*C (82.4*F) sometimes the day temperature crosses 44*C during this period. On some days, afternoon thundershowers come as a blessing and though temporarily they bring relief from the oppressive summer heat. By about the beginning of October day temperature decreases steadily signaling the withdrawal of monsoon. Day and night temperature decrease rapidly during November. December is the coldest month with the mean daily maximum and minimum temperatures being 35*C and 20*C respectively. Sometimes during the cold season, night temperature may drop down to about 10*C
Future of Solar Power Plants
The Future of Solar Energy considers only the two widely recognized classes of technologies for converting solar energy into electricity photovoltaics (PV) and concentrated solar power (CSP), sometimes called solar thermal) in their current and plausible future forms. Because energy supply facilities typically last several decades, technologies in these classes will dominate solar-powered generation between now and 2050, and we do not attempt to look beyond that date. In contrast to some earlier Future of studies, we also present no forecasts for two reasons. First, expanding the solar industry dramatically from its relatively tiny current scale may produce changes we do not pretend to be able to foresee today. Second, we recognize that future solar deployment will depend heavily on uncertain future market conditions and public policies, including but not limited to policies aimed at mitigating global climate change.
