Chab funetions and Modules,

Chop 4A: funtion

Need o funcion /hatis Funion
Fun cion DeihiHon
ELun tio n Call
\ariable Stapt and litcime
The Return Statemunt Arqumnt o} funthon
Lambda or Anonymous Funtion
DoLmentatien Sring.
hood Pragrammin Prachiua
Chap 4B: Modules
Tnttoducion to Modutes
Inro d thon oPakaae
Siandard Libray Hodule

fun cki en

funci on Deiniion Funtion Call

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#
Function's
Need ot fun ctien
what is fun ien:
Funcion i a blo ck of adt Ihat perlorm
spu lie task

)tollosing
AII Ingaly alatd stakem unt can be getuprd
tngthur in sing inity
un derstand and dabug
J) Repratiien a trquantly Heuird nde ian b.
araidad by usina untisn
9 Dividing Lonq progmm ino funcien alow us to
dubua he partb o program enu at a time.sR

5) RLwsabili hy js an impor tant attature ot Funchion.

Onc hi un tien ia dcared e can use I
hmt anuhtuby calling it
Funttion Deiniion it coNit of tun Parts

funci on Deinitien

Pun stiên Huadur Fun chior Body

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funttim dinikin means wrapping seNeralin s

C0de Io gi calls rel ated statement) toquther in.
binau eniby
In Pathon. uncian ii deined by 'dtt' kuuuaerd
Sntax:h
hodLr
SIateonnt -l
Slatmnt-2
Stolemnts
stakum nt-3
Statmunt

A. Cyuru funtien shold have fun tin nam

whith hold be yaid votiablt/icunHHr.
2). "
empuls orstindicate hat

3) fvun snmunt altr cetn are qetintund ed

to show that thàL ae put at nctien
abAocitkd mith paramter.
haramte, are 0pti en al, wcan pADA Sn MMort paramua
) Paramctr ar the input iable ct, un ctin
Ud to held thi vae pass by HunUH en call

det mtssaqe
print ("HLtn")
orint This is Statkumund
print"Proqram inished."
print(Rent o tde.")
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2). dtt addihion()

print la,'t'b=', atb)

*3). de agtl):

print (" Child")

ded deloaratien ):
print Programis tiniuhed")
print
rest o he cod

>funhion Ca i
fun cion cal is a Ath statemant that invekes
hen A unti i calltd, the gutier Controt
aet ee utd, altr teuti the CGntA goes back

An ctiem name ith reqird paramekr

Syntan.:

print ('LuLky)
name
 Erry ouwtur punhion cont acuss inn r fun cion data - memb un

det mt).age
print (1x )

Euehy iìnner un tion has acess to th data

memben of ith prior fun ttien's"
Variable Scope and itetimei
Scopei the part/tunction al prorann in oh\ch

Global Variabie Local Vaiable

)A vari ableohich s
declared outbid h decladinsidea
in maçnunci oniN knOLh
bodyoProgram is as Lo(al uariahle
called sGlab a
Wariable.

2) Asesbibility sk ariahl2) ALas bibilhy o uariable

program AllL un ion un diem in io hich it
tan arSA the dohal decaed.and al th
unctiern deined uithin
thot ncten
3) The lohal vari abl Ahe oLal varioable i
MUmannitD hrouoh eatrd uwhon the hunchon
 D

hi ntire pragrom stank enetina and qe

e1eCutin

Aotal waniable
uncien can change more S e r thLL
he values sl qlebal vaniable caunot b
yari cuble Chanad by ataida

global Ryuard qabal

de clare a aobal wariable
inaid tuntiem
The ins tante at which MAriable is decarLd
gdobal rom th at inatonco anu it beome aas
obol uariable hroughout pragram.

# hlobd
b: 20 # (alo bal b 20

qlobal a
print la)
print l6) print a)
f1) print Lb)

a 20
OlP enor -variable "
b20.
torterentod btore
Enampl:
def 20:
print (ab) b=20O Low
+ Lora print (b)
printlo
riw100)

3) 0=100 # (hlobal a1000#updateda

print La

alobal a 4 Galabal Statemeht

prit(a)

print la)

Retarn Statemont
more thas Zro
3ero Vle D th alin a
part of function
T4 is op tiÛn alit
al it atuuys inditate theend
alao td do ranser the controt
bark t6 th ealling pad
Syntax: return ValR
:it there cre multiple walu t hetur
ol tuple.
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Example ) del
41) deihulot
rurn msa Catb
print (hillo priNt Sum is . )

3) de tacn: priN (sum)

14 n== 0:
rtrn 1

rebulte n*tauln-1)
Loteteurn rswlt
print (ac5)
Arquument o} Function:
Argument he varioble d in functien

then, theal in needo to pab theco

-ing value to calling part
dk tunt (argl,ag2, argas rgn)
tuncl MaVal)val3 val n)
torrponding v alus qet asigntd to he

det un (arn):
print ( a r g ) l
un(Lu cky")
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yps ot argument- ththe are

rment
A Reqird ArFumunt

ALCUim, hey ntd to be passd in

Coect numbtr and ndaridurinq calluna.

Syntaai
orgumut.
Example d! add Cab) _de add Co. b, c)
deatbtC
printld
add. (5, 6) add 5y6)
*EOr -missing one
tuirtà posihia nal ar
boan 2> Dau Artåi ment

duhing untti rall thuh hese Malus are

Aaken dekautt

func CUalval3,)
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faample: d} adàla 10,b=5) : 1) det addlab,c-20):

print(C9,b, )
add) adls10)
aadd(15) add (11,12,30)
add (20,25) add (1l,0)

3 Ktysord Argumenti
ktuyword aagment ClHealb0 relkered s Named

ae asociatrd mith alues duning caliing

-fDsing pan, henc poihion a arquhent dos nat
mal
Each arument name sheulal haw o match wih
qLnint used in deininq part
Syntai deR Aunclorgi
Aune(aral= valu araia Value2,..)
Bune Cag 1: value arg2 = Value )
Ealomple det fun ( name, age
print Chame",=, name)aeat
print ('age ='ag)
fun (name e Lutky' 0¡t=20)
tun ( age= 20, nam='Lucky)
del add(anb, G,d):
Ctbt Gtd
(asb G, d, e))
add(b=5, à=Ba-9, C=L)
add (d:S,C-4 b=2,a =1)
 ononm an unctnn
I Lombdn
Funion:AnonyMots Lombda
Aror
(L22,333) sum print
fun1(l3)
60) 40, 1l0, fan
mnts
in the retun larns)#it print
1args) tun cle! Exaaple
clwaltvaVal3,
Valn
his tsyniax
or tia spe *ias #
am):gument_n or(*
tune dt
Syntayi
it. oferm oAmiht
ho
aNAumehd
ha in the acept
thon en h does arq. ono. OAC what
guinmendi enath
Ar Votiabl 4
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Syntax: lamba orqumsnth nprebsion

faamplc addlambda a.biatb

prin(add (2, 5)
add lam bda asb=7:0tb
Print Cadd)

helo lambel aja

print hel helo Vou! |")
1ambAamb daprint " Hllo. 13orld)
Printlam b)

Doumentation String /Doc srina:

Dot string in juat imilar to camment, Stale
iting
Rother han hi cing lik comano ntit Can be
dibplaed, wina-doc
Syntai def un (My):
doc-sting

prink (tun.--doc)
Example: det tuni)
this is cdoc-string.
itis mnultlin
Print ("hello You'")
 det unename a),

Gioud Progzammnina Pratti tes:

D Make Ue o}Meanina Ful Uar table.
DInxrt blank in to bepanate BunttimclaAes
Cnd din pragtamming tonotaint
3 LUS CPpropriate cornmont in thi prngcam.

mOr abut hunton ed

6) uncttin namhouldbo writtenUn ooer

nom:

7) The laA nam hould he oriHe n a Airat

tertopttaloh

8) Sa ath-ond euen rnqtam ta at you irit

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Chop- 48: Modoles

-Tntro ductian to Ho dules
Bscallu modude in python aHe pu ile in which
Modules aae im porttd used using importOMMONd.
The tomimport taBenent
Then are Aemu tandard un tíonaliHea
puthen that an oriten in pordiular in ndules.
to import the cOSp&nding module

pontiul or module, by ing on mporf we

mDdul.

R'4 mnport motth g

math sqrt 2 5 ) a t n l i
5.0
mathIN mpdule
sqrt CsaUare- ro0t) un otien o t

Syntax import moddename

module-Dame (uale /Exprcosibn/
rqumAt)
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2) Lan alb0 erom impor

but wwL tan onuo olected Vaiable m
Aunctibn pAUnt within that nodule

rom mnath imprt sqrt

pintSquanE roo(25)=Sart(2s)
haue mportd math module, buk
tt enl sqrt CsquaL-10ct) Hunctien

Suyntaxi Htom modename import fun nam

unnamlarqaumint/Enprusien)
Hoo to Ctati a Modue

program
Evtny ilt with .Py entension ib a module.
the e nam in Used 0 impert pntiular
modul.

Stp-1: Cttot a pth on le, cAtate a

functin in it nd a t.

det add (ab):

print (atb)
Swe this ile with nodl.pu
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3hp-2; CHtae anothar pyth en filt, jmpori the

ile no

## anolhar python ile

ìmport mpdiAmodult in porked
modi. add io5) # ing tunchion

The dir Reintin

Tt i ud to din play uncind, Variahl2s
classes ubed i pantieulo module

print (Hello Yau")no

name Lutky'k
print (dir()) # Sauu his il as module1

|Name Apace

ENtaythina in pythen jbis iomply aabjazcd,.

nam
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RAH)

hdm.
oucan inaunL
ueu nam wrd hor that ohects.
n Pythn eath nmodnle a namL,hs namspa
mD o it bintien and variablt.
(lobalLocal and Buit in Namespaei
qlohal ymamespate contain the odnte Lohith
Qunntly ene cuting
Ths Jocal namespace ç a namusp a on daining
the nomes

Thi Built-in nan Lsp ae À C nanSpace jn which

lub built- in hun ctien alihy can be iny ake d.
g. import math
det even.num num):

return nmhniteo
elst:
rturn 0
print("Eter Some nimber") hulin namespae
num= int input) # qabal nampau
itlevennum (num)= 0):
print ("Thi sauat Yoot of",numis" math. sart{num
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Private Nariable;
he varinblesAhat beon with Ao ndrstore
as priuoate voiobles

hat moduleothr odull tonnnt acess

dttadd (anb):

aa=253
--bb = 342
Saue the file as Mo dule-1

Voríable aa s a publio vania bBe, it cocan

be ccSs ed by othen mDdule als9.

Vai ablebbIN priyate to module it can't

he accDD b&d by gther modules.
 python Packaqe
init py is used to ini halige Date
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Intre dustion to Packagen i

Githeray Pakaqes th talders Containing
Containe

mtiple e packoQes
packoges and modulta
A\onq uitt sub patkaaes ond modules, it
Contoios ohir python Sile andinit-py
For pe a holder, to ben packaq e, conpuborryt
houl be One -ini-Py yilele inn
packag and nib-padeag

My- Pacikage/
Hinit--py
subpacieoqtl/
int-py
-nodutel-py
-module2py
=module-5. py

-module-py
module-2py
=motrttpy
module-2.y
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mport Hy-Packae.modlel
rom My.Packa a import modult-2
imparh My-Patkaat.. Subpackaqtl
Whon oe im port Moin Package thun thts

o to Create a Packagei
* (reating a Calulator or pr orming basic
opnationS
Step-l Crea a older namad My Hoth s. in
your ioorkina oldsr
p-2: Ihside ytaths directory create
gubdireories and initp le

So-3;Tnide Mytaths Greatea ub-diractory

aitaousle and a module namd as
adaiion, in adáiHor module create

print ( Rast b3-{c30

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Stp4i Similoy, inid Myahs teate

0nohor Aub-diret ctory S Sb
no inside bub reat - init
Ahd a modul namsd as ubiraon
Aublr aimpy
Subll unctn a
det sublab

print f"a3-b3 =ic3)

Sep-5: Similaln~ide Mu\aths creade
a sub dirrctory namd as Kultiplitation
insidr muuA iplitabien crtatt intp
ile cnda modul mtipy ohd

mulla, b)osno

de mulaib):

Step- 6 Simil anl create Oiv ol dor

AuHatthin DiiN Crealeinitpy
and diusiommntule in it
dlint divtabntiem

print(Sa3bs =i )
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|Sttp-1: The oeral structre o diretory

inikp

initpy
Lsubta ctinn subla.b)

-Mul
--init- py
multiplcation pumwlaib)s
-Div

--init--py
division. py 1 diylas b)
Step-B NoCheate a cdirwer pogoum that

pront in MyMath packagye

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mport,HyMath Addaddiion
3kep g: impor MHath Suh subirackin
import MyMathsNulmuliplitatisn
impor MyMoths Div.diuision
MyMah. Add ad ditiomdd (20,to0)
MyHatths. Sub. Subtracion. Subl80,40)
MyMath. Mulnldipmul(20,s)
MyMathnsDi.divisiondiv (80, 20)

Step-9: noo run th program and out pul

Ail b .

20* S 100
Ro/0 4
pragram inished
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Tntrodution to Stand ond 1ibrories

Pythan'a Slondad libray is veM emtensue,

The madula Hhat ae pre-instolad/deinad

1Jt can gd lot of Steun daxd Lihtorits by tying

he folauiing cmMand,
helo ('moduleS)
`gmi Commany used Hodules a

time
Sys
math
mai
yandom
shring
re

Socket

he punpos ok Atandad Aibrors modles j

o eneUMage and en hance fhe prorabilih
puth on programnA.