Chemistry For Changing Times 13th Edition Hill Test Bank Download

Solution Manual for Chemistry for Changing Times 13th Edition
by Hill McCreary Kolb ISBN 032175087X 9780321750877

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Chemistry for Changing Times, 13e (Hill)
Chapter 9 Organic Chemistry
9.1 Multiple Choice Questions
1) Organic chemistry is most broadly defined as

A) the chemistry of living systems.
B) the chemistry of substances produced by living systems.
C) the chemistry of the compounds of carbon.
D) the chemistry of the non-metallic compounds.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 9.1
LO: G.5
2) Approximately what percentage of known compounds are classified as organic compounds?

A) ≈ 95%
B) ≈ 70%
C) ≈ 40%
D) ≈ 20%
Answer: A
3) The most unique property of carbon is its ability to

A) form four bonds.
B) bond to oxygen.
C) bond to nitrogen.
D) bond to carbon.
Answer: D
4) An organic compound is best defined as

A) a compound containing carbon.
B) a compound of carbon and hydrogen.
C) a compound produced by a living organism.
D) a compound that is NOT produced in a laboratory.
Answer: A
1
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
LO: G.5
5) The first organic compound to be synthesized in a chemist's laboratory was

A) cholesterol.
B) chlorophyll.
C) urea.
D) benzene.
Answer: C
LO: G.5
6) The first recorded synthesis of an organic compound in a scientific laboratory was by

A) Isaac Newton in 1665.
B) Benjamin Franklin in 1788.
C) Friedrich W hler in 1828.
D) Thomas Edison in 1888.
Answer: C
LO: G.5
7) The element whose atoms have a unique ability to bond to each other and to other kinds of atoms is
________.
A) sodium
B) carbon
C) sulfur
D) nitrogen
Answer: B
8) Carbon is almost always

A) monovalent.
B) divalent.
C) trivalent.
D) tetravalent.
Answer: D
9) The unique aspect of a saturated hydrocarbon is that it must contain

A) only carbon and hydrogen.
B) only single bonds.
C) single and double bonds.
D) single, double and triple bonds.
Answer: B
LO: 9.1
10) The simplest alkane is

2
A) monane.
B) ethane.
C) methane.
D) propane.
Answer: C
LO: 9.2
3
11) Petroleum jelly is
A) a mixture of low carbon number hydrocarbons.
B) a mixture of moderate carbon number hydrocarbons.
C) a mixture of higher carbon number hydrocarbons.
D) none of the above
Answer: C
12) What is the name of the compound with a formula CH3CH2CH3?

A) methane
B) ethane
C) propane
D) butane
Answer: C
LO: 9.2
13) A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen and which has only single bonds between atoms
is classified as an
A) alkane.
B) alkene.
C) alkyne.
D) aromatic.
Answer: A
LO: 9.2
14) A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen and which has only single bonds between atoms
is classified as an
A) alkane.
B) alkene.
C) aromatic compound.
D) alkyne.
Answer: A
LO: 9.2
15) Which of the following alkanes contains two carbons?

A) ethene
B) ethane
C) methane
D) methyne
Answer: B
LO: 9.2
4
16) What is the name of the compound that has the formula CH3CH3?
A) methane
B) ethane
C) propane
D) butane
Answer: B
LO: 9.2
17) What is the name of the compound with a formula CH3CH2CH2CH3?

A) methane
B) ethane
C) propane
D) butane
Answer: D
LO: 9.2
18) How many different structural isomers are there for a hydrocarbon with the formula C4H10 ?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
Answer: B
19) How many different structural isomers are there for a hydrocarbon with the formula C5H12?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
Answer: C
20) How many different structural isomers are there for a hydrocarbon with the formula C6H14?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) > 4
Answer: D
5
21) Which of the following is NOT a reason for the great variety of organic molecules?
A) The ability of carbon to form chains
B) Carbon atoms can form more than four bonds.
C) Isomerism
D) Carbon forms bonds with a variety of elements, including H, O, N, Cl and Br.
Answer: B
22) Alkanes are often called

A) unsaturated hydrocarbons.
B) saturated hydrocarbons.
C) carbohydrates.
D) saturated fats.
Answer: B
LO: 9.1
23) Compounds with the same number and kinds of atoms but with different structures are known as
A) homologs.
B) isotopes.
C) isomers.
D) allotropes.
Answer: C
24) The compounds CH3CH3 and CH3CH2CH3 are

A) isomers.
B) allotropes.
C) isotopes.
D) homologs.
Answer: D
6
25) The condensed structural formula for the molecule below is
A) CH3CH2C(CH3)3
B) CH3CH2CH2(CH3)2CH3
C) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
Answer: A
26) The condensed structural formula for the molecule below is
A) CH3CH2C(CH3)2CH3
B) CH3CH2CH(CH3)2
C) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
Answer: B
27) The formula for butane is

A) C4H10.
B) C5H12.
C) C6H14.
D) C4H8.
Answer: A
LO: 9.2
7
28) The formula for hexene is
A) C6H12.
B) C7H16.
C) C3H8.
D) C6H12.
Answer: C
LO: 9.2
29) The formula for cyclopropane is

A) C3H8.
B) C7H16.
C) C3H6.
D) C7H12.
Answer: C
LO: 9.2
30) An emollient is a
A) skin softener.
B) sun screen.
C) laxative.
D) detergent.
Answer: A
LO: G.5
31) Which one of the following statements is NOT true of all alkanes?
A) All alkanes burn to produce carbon dioxide and water.
B) All alkanes consist of carbon and hydrogen.
C) All alkanes exist as two or more isomers.
D) All alkanes fit the general molecular formula CnH2n+2.
Answer: C
LO: 9.1
32) Which of the following is NOT a property of alkanes?

A) Alkanes are not soluble in water.
B) Alkanes have a lower density than water does.
C) Alkanes will undergo addition reactions.
D) Alkanes will burn easily and can be used as fuels.
Answer: C
LO: 9.1
8
33) Which of the following alkanes will have the highest boiling point?
A) CH4
B) C6H14
C) C16H34
D) C19H40
Answer: D
LO: 9.1
34) Which of the following alkanes will have the lowest boiling point?
A) CH4
B) C6H14
C) C16H34
D) C19H40
Answer: A
LO: 9.1
35) A molecular formula of an alkane is

A) C7H16.
B) C6H12.
C) C5H10.
D) C4H8.
Answer: A
LO: 9.2
36) A compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen is a(n)

A) alcohol.
B) carbohydrate.
C) homolog.
D) hydrocarbon.
Answer: D
LO: 9.2
37) All of the following are properties of hydrocarbons EXCEPT

A) they have a higher density than water.
B) their boiling points increase as the number of carbons increases.
C) they burn readily.
D) they are good solvents for nonpolar substances.
Answer: A
LO: 9.2
9
38) The chemical formula of cyclopropane is
A) C3H3.
B) C3H6.
C) C3H7.
D) C3H8.
Answer: B
LO: 9.2
39) The chemical formula of cyclohexane is

A) C6H6.
B) C6H8.
C) C6H10.
D) C6H12.
Answer: D
LO: 9.2
40) The chemical formula of cyclopentane is

A) C5H6.
B) C5H8.
C) C5H10.
D) C5H12.
Answer: C
LO: 9.2
41) What is the general formula for a cycloalkane?

A) CnHn
B) CnH2n+2
C) CnH2n-2
D) CnH2n
Answer: D
LO: 9.2
42) Propane, benzene, acetylene, and 2-butene are all examples of

A) alkenes.
B) alkanes.
C) aromatic compounds.
D) hydrocarbons.
Answer: D
LO: 9.1
10
43) Which of the following compounds is a homolog of CH2=CH2?
A) CH3CH3
B) CH3CH2CH3
C) CH3CH=CH2
D) CH3C CH
Answer: C
LO: 9.1
44) The most important commercial organic compound is

A) methane, CH4.
B) ethane, CH3CH3.
C) ethylene, CH2 CH2.
D) propane, CH3CH2CH3.
Answer: C
LO: G.5
45) Acetylene is
A) CH4.
B) C2H6.
C) C2H4.
D) C2H2.
Answer: D
LO: 9.2
46) Acetylene is an
A) alkane.
B) alkene.
C) alkyne.
D) aromatic compound.
Answer: C
LO: 9.2
47) A cyclic hydrocarbon containing six carbon atoms and one double bond will have the formula
A) C6H16.
B) C6H14.
C) C6H12.
D) C6H10.
Answer: D
LO: 9.2
11
48) A cyclic hydrocarbon containing seven carbon atoms and two double bonds will have the formula
A) C7H16.
B) C7H14.
C) C7H12.
D) C7H10.
Answer: D
LO: 9.2
49) The formula for propyne is

A) C3H6.
B) C3H4.
C) C3H8.
D) C3H3.
Answer: B
LO: 9.2
50) The hydrocarbon that is used in torches along with oxygen to produce very hot flames for cutting
and welding is
A) ethylene.
B) methane.
C) propane.
D) acetylene.
Answer: D
LO: 9.2
51) Which of the following compounds is saturated?

A) butene
B) butane
C) propyne
D) butadiene
Answer: B
LO: 9.1
52) A molecular formula of an alkene is

A) C7H16.
B) C9H18.
C) C5H8.
D) C6H6.
Answer: B
LO: 9.1
12
53) A molecular formula of an alkyne is
A) C7H16.
B) C9H18.
C) C5H8.
D) C6H6.
Answer: C
LO: 9.1
54) Which of the following is an alkene?

A) propene
B) propyne
C) propane
D) xylene
Answer: A
LO: 9.2
55) Which of the following is an alkyne?

A) propene
B) propyne
C) propane
D) xylene
Answer: B
LO: 9.2
56) Which of the following is an alkane?

A) propene
B) propyne
C) propane
D) xylene
Answer: C
LO: 9.2
57) Which of the following is an aromatic compound?

A) propene
B) propyne
C) propane
D) xylene
Answer: D
LO: 9.4
13
58) The formula of benzene is
A) C2H2.
B) C4H4.
C) C6H6.
D) C6H12.
Answer: C
LO: 9.3
59) Benzene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon. An interesting property of benzene is that

A) it is a liquid at room temperature.
B) it does not undergo the same reactions that other unsaturated hydrocarbons do.
C) it contains only carbon and hydrogen.
D) it has a ring of carbon atoms in its structure.
Answer: B
LO: 9.3
60) The correct structure for benzene was proposed by ________ in 1865.
A) Boyle
B) Kekule
C) Faraday
D) Curie
Answer: B
LO: 9.3
61) Organic compounds that contain a benzene ring or possess certain properties similar to those of
benzene are called ________ compounds.
A) alkaloid
B) acidic
C) aromatic
D) saturated
Answer: C
LO: 9.3
62) A molecular formula of an aromatic hydrocarbon is

A) C7H16.
B) C9H18.
C) C5H8.
D) C6H6.
Answer: D
LO: 9.3
14
63) Chlorinated hydrocarbons, such as carbon tetrachloride CCl4, make good dry cleaning solvents
because
A) they dissolve in water.
B) they dissolve water insoluble stains, like grease and oil.
C) they are not liquids at room temperature.
D) they cause no significant health problems.
Answer: B
LO: G.5
64) The compound with the formula, CHCl3, was used as an anesthetic in earlier times, but has been
found to have some serious side effects. The compound is called
A) methyl chloride.
B) methylene chloride.
C) chloroform.
D) carbon tetrachloride.
Answer: C
LO: G.5
65) When carbon tetrachloride reacts with hot water it produces phosgene (COCl2). Phosgene was used
in poison-gas warfare in World War I. Based upon this chemistry, carbon tetrachloride is no longer used
in
A) fire extinguishers.
B) anesthetics.
C) chemical reactions.
D) toilet bowl cleaners.
Answer: A
LO: G.5
66) In general, CFCs are

A) solids with high melting points.
B) solids with low melting points.
C) liquids with high boiling points.
D) gases or liquids with low boiling points.
Answer: D
LO: G.5
67) With respect to reactivity on the surface of the earth, chlorofluorocarbons are
A) very reactive.
B) very unreactive.
C) moderately reactive.
D) variable depending upon the chlorofluorocarbon.
Answer: B
LO: G.5
15
68) Perfluorocarbons are
A) hydrocarbons in which all hydrogen atoms have been replaced by fluorine.
B) hydrocarbons in which most hydrogen atoms have been replaced by fluorine.
C) hydrocarbons in which there is one fluorine per carbon atom.
Answer: A
LO: 9.5
69) Perfluorocarbons have been used in which of the following?

A) temporary blood substitutes
B) nonstick cooking surfaces
C) oxygen solvent for treatment of premature babies
D) all of the above
Answer: D
LO: G.5
70) Chlorinated hydrocarbons have been used as

A) fuels.
B) insecticides.
C) propellants.
D) refrigerants.
Answer: B
LO: G.5
71) In representing the general formula of various functional groups, the symbol R stands for
A) a halogen atom.
B) a ring.
C) an aromatic group.
D) an alkyl group.
Answer: D
LO: 9.6
72) In organic chemistry, compounds are generally classified by

A) state.
B) functional group.
C) color.
D) odor.
Answer: B
LO: 9.6
16
73) The parts of organic molecules that give compounds characteristic chemical and physical properties
are known as
A) alkyl groups.
B) aromatic groups.
C) functional groups.
D) hydrocarbon groups.
Answer: C
LO: 9.6
74) Alcohols are characterized by which functional group?

A) hydroxyl
B) carboxyl
C) halide
D) ester
Answer: A
LO: 9.6
75) The formula of methanol is

A) COH.
B) CHOH.
C) CH2OH.
D) CH3OH.
Answer: D
LO: 9.9
76) When wood is heated in the absence of air, the wood is destructively distilled and condensed to a
liquid mixture. The primary component of this mixture is
A) methanol.
B) ethanol.
C) rubbing alcohol.
D) gasoline.
Answer: A
LO: G.5
77) Methanol is an important solvent. It is also an important starting material for the synthesis of other
molecules. Most methanol today is obtained from the
A) destructive distillation of wood.
B) reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at high temperature and pressure.
C) fermentation of corn.
D) decomposition of animal waste.
Answer: B
LO: G.5
17
78) The intoxicating alcohol in "alcoholic" beverages is
A) ethanol.
B) methanol.
C) propanol.
D) a mixture of the above
Answer: A
LO: G.5
79) A bottle of an alcoholic beverage is labelled as "60 proof." The percentage of ethanol by volume in
this alcoholic beverage is
A) 15%.
B) 30%.
C) 60%.
D) 20%.
Answer: B
LO: G.5
80) A bottle contains 5% ethanol. What is the proof of alcohol in this bottle?
A) 2.5
B) 5
C) 10
D) 1.7
Answer: C
LO: G.5
81) Excessive ingestion of ethanol over a long period may cause which of the following?
A) physiological addiction
B) memory loss
C) deterioration of the liver
D) all of the above
Answer: D
LO: G.5
82) Ethanol acts as a mild

A) stimulant.
B) depressant.
C) hallucinogen.
D) narcotic.
Answer: B
LO: G.5
18
83) What is the percent alcohol by volume in a beverage that is 36 proof?
A) 3.6%
B) 18%
C) 36%
D) 72%
Answer: B
LO: G.5
84) Which substance causes fetal alcohol syndrome?

A) CH3OH
B) CH3CH2OH
C) CH3CHOHCH3
D) CH3OCH3
Answer: B
LO: 9.8
85) Citronellol, C10H19OH, is a constituent of rose and germanium oils. It is used in perfumery.
Chemically, citronellol is an
A) alcohol.
B) acid.
C) alkane.
D) amine.
Answer: A
LO: 9.8
86) A homologous series of alcohols contains

A) the same number of carbon atoms, but a different number of hydroxyl groups.
B) the same number of carbon atoms and the same number of hydroxyl groups.
C) a different number of carbon atoms, but the same number of hydroxyl groups.
D) only isomers.
Answer: C
LO: 9.8
87) The main ingredient in most antifreezes is

A) ethanol.
B) ethylene glycol.
C) glycerol.
D) gasoline.
Answer: B
LO: 9.5
19
88) Glycerol is an alcohol with ________ hydroxyl groups
A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
Answer: C
LO: 9.9
89) Which of the following statements about industrial grade ethanol and the ethanol used in alcoholic
beverages is NOT correct?
A) Industrial grade ethanol is made by reacting ethylene with water, while ethanol used in beverages is
made by fermentation.
B) Industrial grade ethanol carries no federal excise tax, while ethanol used in beverages is taxed.
C) Industrial grade ethanol and ethanol used in beverages have different molecular structures.
D) Noxious substances are added to industrial grade ethanol so it is not safe to drink.
Answer: C
LO: G.5
90) All of the following contain more than one hydroxyl group EXCEPT
A) ethylene glycol.
B) glycerol.
C) methanol.
D) propylene glycol.
Answer: C
LO: 9.9
91) Compounds with a hydroxyl group attached directly to a benzene ring are called
A) alcohols.
B) aromatic hydrocarbons.
C) ethers.
D) phenols.
Answer: D
LO: 9.8
92) Phenols are often used as

A) anesthetics.
B) disinfectants.
C) fragrances.
D) insecticides.
Answer: B
LO: G.5
20
93) A phenol has a(n) ________ group attached to a benzene ring.
A) amino
B) carbonyl
C) carboxyl
D) hydroxyl
Answer: D
LO: 9.8
94) Phenol, sometimes called carbolic acid, was the first

A) anesthetic.
B) antiseptic.
C) insecticide.
D) analgesic.
Answer: B
LO: G.5
95) Compounds that have two alkyl groups attached to an oxygen atom are called
A) alcohols.
B) phenols.
C) esters.
D) ethers.
Answer: D
LO: 9.8
96) Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE, CH3OC(CH3)3) has been used as a gasoline additive. MTBE is an
example of an ether with the general structure
A) ROR.
B) ROH.
C) ROR'.
D) R'OH.
Answer: C
LO: 9.8
97) Diethyl ether is the most important of the ethers. It is an example of an ether with the general
structure
A) ROR.
B) ROH.
C) ROR'.
D) R'OH.
Answer: A
LO: 9.8
21
98) The abbreviation ROR' is used to represent the general formula of a(n)
A) ether.
B) alcohol.
C) ester.
D) phenol.
Answer: A
LO: 9.8
99) Aldehydes and ketones share a common functional group. The group is the
A) hydroxyl group.
B) phenol group.
C) ether group.
D) carbonyl group.
Answer: D
LO: 9.6
100) The compound below is a(n)
A) carboxylic acid.
B) aldehyde.
C) ketone.
D) alcohol.
Answer: B
LO: 9.8
A) alcohol.
B) aldehyde.
C) carboxylic acid.
D) ketone.
Answer: D
LO: 9.8
22
A) carboxylic acid.
B) aldehyde.
C) ketone.
D) alcohol.
Answer: C
LO: 9.8
A) carboxylic acid.
B) aldehyde.
C) ketone.
D) alcohol.
Answer: B
LO: 9.8
104) The general formula for a ketone is

A) ROR'.
B) RCOOH.
C) RCOR'.
D) RCOOR'.
Answer: C
LO: 9.8
23
105) The compound below is commonly known as
A) acetone.
B) acetaldehyde.
C) benzaldehyde.
D) formaldehyde.
Answer: A
LO: 9.6
106) The compound below is commonly known as
A) acetone.
B) acetaldehyde.
C) benzaldehyde.
D) formaldehyde.
Answer: B
LO: 9.6
107) The simplest aldehyde is

A) acetaldehyde.
B) formaldehyde.
C) benzaldehyde.
D) unaldehyde.
Answer: B
LO: 9.10a
108) Esters have been widely used as

A) refrigerants.
B) insecticides.
C) fragrances.
D) disinfectants.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 9.1-9.7
LO: G.5
24
109) The functional group of the organic acids is the
A) hydroxyl group.
B) amine group.
C) carbonyl group.
D) carboxyl group.
Answer: D
LO: 9.6
110) When a bee stings, one of the compounds it injects is

A) acetic acid.
B) butyric acid.
C) formic acid.
D) hydrochloric acid.
Answer: C
LO: 9.6
111) One of the primary ingredients in vinegar is

A) acetic acid.
B) butyric acid.
C) formic acid.
D) hydrochloric acid.
Answer: A
LO: 9.6
112) The -COOH group represents the

A) carboxyl group.
B) carbonyl group.
C) alcohol group.
D) aldehyde group.
Answer: A
LO: 9.6
113) The simplest carboxylic acid is commonly known as

A) acetic acid.
B) butyric acid.
C) formic acid.
D) propionic acid.
Answer: C
LO: 9.6
25
114) One of the compounds that is present in rancid butter and body odor is
A) acetic acid.
B) butyric acid.
C) benzaldehyde.
D) formaldehyde.
Answer: B
LO: 9.6
115) The compound below is classified as a(n)
A) carboxylic acid.
B) aldehyde.
C) ketone.
D) ester.
Answer: A
LO: 9.6
116) The salts of carboxylic acids, such as sodium benzoate, are often used in foods as
A) flavor enhancers.
B) colorings.
C) sweeteners.
D) preservatives.
Answer: D
LO: G.5
117) The general formula for a carboxylic acid is

A) ROR'.
B) RCOOH.
C) RCOR'.
D) RCOOR'.
Answer: B
LO: 9.11
26
118) Vinegar is a solution of ________ in water.
A) acetic acid
B) butyric acid
C) formic acid
D) proprionic acid
Answer: A
LO: 9.11
119) This compound is named
A) hexanone.
B) ethyl butyl ether.
C) butyl ethylate.
D) ethyl butyrate.
Answer: D
LO: 9.11
120) The compound below is classified as a(n)
A) aldehyde.
B) carboxylic acid.
C) ester.
D) ketone.
Answer: C
LO: 9.11
121) The general formula for an ester is

A) ROR'.
B) RCOOH.
C) RCOR'.
D) RCOOR'.
Answer: D
LO: 9.11
27
122) The compound formed by the reaction of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol is a(n)
A) aldehyde.
B) ester.
C) ether.
D) ketone.
Answer: B
LO: 9.11
123) Many of the flavors isolated from foods are

A) carboxylic acids.
B) esters.
C) alcohols.
D) ketones.
Answer: B
LO: 9.11
124) An analgesic is a substance that acts as a(n)

A) fever reducer.
B) disinfectant.
C) anesthetic.
D) pain reliever.
Answer: D
LO: 9.11
125) This substance used as an analgesic was first isolated from willow bark.
A) benzene
B) acetic acid
C) salicylic acid
D) ethanol
Answer: C
LO: 9.11
126) This substance is an ester of the phenol group of salicylic acid with acetic acid and is commonly
called
A) aspirin.
B) Maalox.
C) Milk of Magnesia.
D) Tylenol.
Answer: A
LO: 9.11
28
127) Esters are often used as
A) anesthetics.
B) disinfectants.
C) fragrances.
D) insecticides.
Answer: C
LO: 9.11
128) A green chemistry improvement for the synthesis of Zoloft, an antidepressant, was the substitution
of ________ for less environmentally-friendly solvents.
A) ethanol
B) toluene
C) hexane
D) dichloromethane
Answer: A
LO: 9.14
129) One drawback to the use of water as a solvent in the production of organic compounds is that
A) the reaction times are longer.
B) the organic compounds produced must be separated from water, but not from organic solvents.
C) many organic compounds do not dissolve readily in water.
D) processes that use water as a solvent require more energy.
Answer: C
LO: 9.14
130) All of the following are green chemistry innovations EXCEPT

A) increased use of aqueous media as solvents.
B) "on water" reactions.
C) use of petroleum-based solvents.
D) use of microwave reactors.
Answer: C
LO: 9.14
131) Amines are derivatives of

A) ammonia.
B) methane.
C) water.
D) amino acids.
Answer: A
LO: 9.12
29
132) The compound CH3NH2 is called
A) methylamine.
B) dimethylamine.
C) trimethylamine.
D) methyl ammonia.
Answer: A
LO: 9.12
133) The compound (CH3)3N is called

A) methylamine.
B) dimethylamine.
C) trimethylamine.
D) methyl ammonia.
Answer: C
LO: 9.12
134) When an amine dissolves in water the pH of the solution will be

A) < 7.
B) = 7.
C) > 7.
D) More information is needed to predict pH.
Answer: C
135) Amines are

A) acidic.
B) basic.
C) neutral.
D) variable with respect to acid/base behavior.
Answer: B
136) The reaction between a carboxylic acid and an amine yields a(n)
A) aldehyde.
B) amide.
C) ester.
D) ketone.
Answer: B
LO: 9.12
30
A) acid.
B) amine.
C) amide.
D) ester.
Answer: B
LO: 9.12
138) Amino acids are multifunctional compounds that contain

A) carboxyl and amine groups.
B) carboxyl and amide groups.
C) ester and amine groups.
D) aldehyde and amide groups.
Answer: A
LO: 9.12
139) Amino acids are the "building blocks" of

A) carbohydrates.
B) fats.
C) proteins.
D) vitamins.
Answer: C
LO: G.5
31
140) The following multifunctional compound is a(n)
A) amino acid.
B) ester.
C) nucleic acid.
D) protein.
Answer: A
LO: 9.12
141) Which of the following families of organic compounds does NOT contain an oxygen atom?
A) alcohol
B) amine
C) carboxylic acid
D) ketone
Answer: B
LO: 9.12
142) Organic compounds with rings that contain atoms other than carbon are called
A) aromatic compounds.
B) heterocyclic compounds.
C) heterogeneous compounds.
D) perfluoro compounds.
Answer: B
LO: 9.13
143) The non-carbon atom(s) generally found in heterocyclic compounds are

A) sulfur.
B) sulfur and nitrogen.
C) sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen.
D) halogens.
Answer: C
LO: 9.13
32
144) Alkaloids, like morphine, caffeine, nicotine and cocaine, are heterocyclic
A) amines.
B) amides.
C) ethers.
D) esters.
Answer: A
LO: 9.13
145) Compounds related to the heterocyclics pyrimidine and purine are constituents of
A) amino acids.
B) nucleic acids.
C) proteins.
D) plastics.
Answer: B
LO: G.5
146) Which of the following is a heterocyclic compound?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Answer: C
LO: 9.13
147) A compound that has a(n) ________ atom in its ring is heterocyclic.
A) P
B) Cl
C) H
D) S
Answer: D
LO: 9.13
33
9.2 True/False
1) A compound that has the general formula CnH2n+2 will be an alkene.

Answer: FALSE
LO: 9.1
2) The general formula for a(n) alkane that contains 5 carbons will contain 12 hydrogens.
Answer: TRUE
LO: 9.1
3) The general formula for a(n) alkene that contains 5 carbons will contain 12 hydrogens.
Answer: FALSE
LO: 9.1
4) More than half of the ethylene produced in the United States every year is used for the manufacture of
polyethylene.
Answer: TRUE
LO: G.5
5) The reaction between hydrogen and the double bonds of alkenes is an example of an addition
reaction.
Answer: TRUE
LO: 9.2
6) A compound that has at least one double bond is aromatic.

Answer: FALSE
LO: 9.3
7) Benzene has a hydroxyl group attached to the ring.

Answer: FALSE
LO: 9.4
8) Chlorinated hydrocarbons have been used as insecticides.

Answer: TRUE
LO: G.5
9) Most alcohols are very safe to ingest.

Answer: FALSE
LO: G.5
34
10) Diethyl ether is highly flammable.
Answer: TRUE
LO: G.5
11) The structure of the carbonyl group is C=O.

Answer: TRUE
LO: 9.10a
12) The carboxyl functional group contains both a carbonyl group and an amino group.
Answer: FALSE
LO: 9.11
13) Carboxylic acids generally have very pleasant odors.

Answer: FALSE
LO: 9.11
14) "On water" procedures utilize rapid stirring to produce a suspension of reactants with large surface
areas to increase reaction rates.
Answer: TRUE
LO: 9.14
15) Microwave reactors are used to speed up reaction rates and to increase the amount of energy needed
for a reaction.
Answer: FALSE
LO: 9.14
16) A compound that contains a –NH2 group is an amine.

Answer: TRUE
LO: 9.12
17) Amines are acidic compounds.

Answer: FALSE
LO: 9.12
18) Alkaloids, such as caffeine and cocaine, are basic compounds.

Answer: TRUE
LO: 9.12
35
9.3 Short Answer Questions
1) What feature of carbon is probably most responsible for the fact that 95% of all compounds contain
carbon? Discuss your answer briefly.
Answer: the ability of carbon atoms to form chains
2) The formula of the three carbon alkane is ________.

Answer: C3H8
LO: 9.2
3) The name of the three carbon alkane is ________.

Answer: propane
LO: 9.2
4) The formula for the two carbon alkane is ________.

Answer: C2H6
LO: 9.2
5) The name of the two carbon alkane is ________.

Answer: ethane
LO: 9.2
6) How is it that a class of compounds as chemically inert as the CFCs can pose an environmental
problem like the destruction of the ozone layer?
Answer: They are inert at the earth's surface, but react in the high energy environment of the ozone
layer.
7) Why do many chlorinated hydrocarbons, like DDT and PCBs, become concentrated in the tissues of
animals?
Answer: fat solubility
8) Alcohols and ethers have similar functional groups, yet they have very different properties. Discuss
the structural similarities and differences between ethers and alcohols.
Answer: ROH vs ROR
LO: 9.8
9) Name and draw the structure of the compound formed by the reaction of ethanol with formic acid.
Answer: ethyl formate, HCOOCH2CH3
LO: 9.11
36
10) Name and draw the structure of the compound formed by the reaction of ethanol with acetic acid.
Answer: ethyl acetate, CH3COOCH2CH3
LO: 9.11
9.4 Essay Questions
1) Comment on the following statement from Chemistry for Changing Times: "Carbon can form an
almost infinite number of molecules of various shapes, sizes and compositions."
2) As the number of carbons increases, the boiling point of alkanes decreases.

Answer: FALSE
3) Although benzene is a cyclic hydrocarbon that appears to contain three double bonds, it does not act
like a cyclic alkene. Discuss.
LO: 9.3
4) Draw the structure of a compound that is an isomer of benzene.

5) Give the structural formula of diethyl ether.

LO: 9.8
6) Aldehydes and ketones have similar functional groups. What is the difference between an aldehyde
and a ketone? Use acetaldehyde and acetone as examples.
LO: 9.10a
7) Structurally, aldehydes are to ketones as carboxylic acids are to esters. Use the general formulas of
these compounds to make sense of this comparison.
8) Explain what a functional group is and how it simplifies the study of organic chemistry.
LO: 9.6
9) There are two amines with the formula C2H7N. Draw and name the two isomers.
10) There are four isomeric amines with the formula C3H9N. Draw three different isomers for this
formula.
37
11) There are many isomeric amines with the formula C4H7N. Draw and name three isomers.
38

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Solution Manual for Chemistry for Changing Times 13th Edition

by Hill McCreary Kolb ISBN 032175087X 9780321750877

9.1 Multiple Choice Questions

1) Organic chemistry is most broadly defined as

2) Approximately what percentage of known compounds are classified as organic compounds?

3) The most unique property of carbon is its ability to

4) An organic compound is best defined as

5) The first organic compound to be synthesized in a chemist's laboratory was

6) The first recorded synthesis of an organic compound in a scientific laboratory was by

8) Carbon is almost always

9) The unique aspect of a saturated hydrocarbon is that it must contain

10) The simplest alkane is

12) What is the name of the compound with a formula CH3CH2CH3?

15) Which of the following alkanes contains two carbons?

17) What is the name of the compound with a formula CH3CH2CH2CH3?

22) Alkanes are often called

24) The compounds CH3CH3 and CH3CH2CH3 are

26) The condensed structural formula for the molecule below is

27) The formula for butane is

29) The formula for cyclopropane is

32) Which of the following is NOT a property of alkanes?

35) A molecular formula of an alkane is

36) A compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen is a(n)

37) All of the following are properties of hydrocarbons EXCEPT

39) The chemical formula of cyclohexane is

40) The chemical formula of cyclopentane is

41) What is the general formula for a cycloalkane?

42) Propane, benzene, acetylene, and 2-butene are all examples of

44) The most important commercial organic compound is

49) The formula for propyne is

51) Which of the following compounds is saturated?

52) A molecular formula of an alkene is

54) Which of the following is an alkene?

55) Which of the following is an alkyne?

56) Which of the following is an alkane?

57) Which of the following is an aromatic compound?

59) Benzene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon. An interesting property of benzene is that

62) A molecular formula of an aromatic hydrocarbon is

66) In general, CFCs are

69) Perfluorocarbons have been used in which of the following?

70) Chlorinated hydrocarbons have been used as

72) In organic chemistry, compounds are generally classified by

74) Alcohols are characterized by which functional group?

75) The formula of methanol is

82) Ethanol acts as a mild

84) Which substance causes fetal alcohol syndrome?

86) A homologous series of alcohols contains

87) The main ingredient in most antifreezes is

92) Phenols are often used as

94) Phenol, sometimes called carbolic acid, was the first

100) The compound below is a(n)

101) The compound below is a(n)

103) The compound below is a(n)

104) The general formula for a ketone is

106) The compound below is commonly known as

107) The simplest aldehyde is

108) Esters have been widely used as

110) When a bee stings, one of the compounds it injects is

111) One of the primary ingredients in vinegar is