Income tax material for IPCC

Assessment year - 2022-23

Volume - 2

Chapter No. Chapter Page No.

9. Capital Gains 1

10. Listed and unlisted shares 28

11. Income from other sources 34

12. Depreciation u.s.32 50

13. Set-off and carry forward of losses 61

14. Clubbing provisions 72

15. Chapter VIA Deductions 85

16. Advance tax, TDS & TCS 110

17. Filing of returns 153

18. Section 10AA – Units in SEZ 168

Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) 172
Exempted incomes u.s.10 175
Income deemed to accrue or arise in India 177

19. Total Income and tax liability 181

 1

CHAPTER – 9 INCOME UNDER THE HEAD “CAPITAL GAINS”

CAPITAL GAINS: Any GAIN arising from TRANSFER of a CAPITAL ASSET shall be chargeable
to tax in the previous year in which TRANSFER TOOK PLACE.

CAPITAL ASSET - Section 2 (14):

“Capital asset” means:-

a. property of any kind held by an assessee, whether or not connected with his business or
profession;

b. Securities held by a Foreign Institutional Investor (FIIs).

c. Any unit linked insurance policy (ULIP) issued on or after 01.02.2021 (from A.Y.22-23 -
discussed later)

ASSETS NOT REGARDED AS CAPITAL ASSETS:

a. Stock-in-trade held by an assessee for the purposes of his business;

b. Personal effects (excluding jewellery; immovable property; paintings; drawings;

archaeological collections; sculptures and any work of art)

c. Agricultural land in rural area in India

d. Gold Deposit Bonds, 1999 or deposit certificates issued under Gold Monetisation Scheme,
2015 notified by the Central Government

MEANING OF RURAL AGRICULTURAL LAND:

a. If situated within municipality limits and having a population of less than 10,000;

b. If situated outside the limits of a municipality:

Shortest aerial distance from the local Population according to the last
limits of a municipality preceding census

Up to 2 kms from the local limits < 10,000

Above 2 kms and up to 6 kms < 1,00,000
Above 6 kms and up to 8 kms < 10,00,000
Above 8 kms Rural Area (not a capital asset)
 2

TRANSACTIONS REGARDED AS TRANSFER:

• Sale
• Exchange
• Relinquishment
• Extinguishment of rights
• Compulsory acquisition under any law
• Conversion of capital asset into stock-in-trade
• Maturity or redemption of a zero-coupon bond

TRANSACTIONS NOT REGARDED AS TRANSFER:

• Gift, Will, Inheritance

• Distribution of assets by a HUF. to its members in kind at the time of partition

• Distribution of assets by a company to its shareholders at the time of liquidation

• Transfer of capital assets by a holding company to its wholly owned Indian subsidiary company
• Transfer of capital assets by a wholly owned subsidiary company to its Indian holding company

• Any transfer in the scheme of amalgamation

• Any transfer in the scheme of demerger

• Transfer of capital asset in the case of conversion of proprietary concern or firm into a company
• Transfer in the case of conversion of a company into a limited liability partnership

• Conversion of bonds or debentures of in to shares or debentures.

• Conversion of preference shares into equity shares of that company

• Transfer of asset under notified reverse mortgage scheme

• Transfer of Sovereign Gold Bond Scheme by way of redemption

TYPES OF CAPITAL ASSETS:

a. Short term capital asset
b. Long term capital asset

MEANING OF LONG TERM CAPITAL ASSET:

Any capital asset held for more than 36 months is a long-term capital asset. Any capital asset held
for less than or equal to 36 months is a short-term capital asset.

However the period of holding is 12 months in the case of the following assets:
a) a security including listed shares
b) a unit of an equity oriented mutual fund (36 months for debt oriented mutual fund)
c) a zero coupon bond

Note: In the case of IMMOVABLE PROPERTY (being land or building) & UNLISTED SHARES
the period of holding (POH) is 24 months.
 3

Important: Any capital asset acquired by way of gift, will, inheritance, etc. the period of holding by
the previous owner shall also be taken into consideration.

Important: Any asset on which depreciation is claimed by the assessee, such asset shall always be
a short-term capital asset irrespective of period of holding.

Difference between short term and long term capital gain:

Particulars Short term Long term

Tax rate Normal rates Flat rate of 20% or 10%
Deductions under chapter VIA Available Not available
Indexation benefit Not available Available
Sec.54, 54B, 54EC, 54EE, 54F Not available Available

Computation of short-term capital gains:

Sale consideration xxx
Less: Selling expenses xxx
Net consideration xxx
Less: Cost of acquisition xxx
Less: Cost of improvement xxx
Short-term capital gains xxx

Computation of long-term capital gains:

Sale consideration xxx
Less: Selling expenses xxx
Net consideration xxx
Less: Indexed cost of acquisition xxx
Less: Indexed cost of improvement xxx
Long-term capital gains xxx

Year Index Year Index Year Index Year Index

01-02 100 02-03 105 03-04 109 04-05 113
05-06 117 06-07 122 07-08 129 08-09 137
09-10 148 10-11 167 11-12 184 12-13 200
13-14 220 14-15 240 15-16 254 16-17 264
17-18 272 18-19 280 19-20 289 20-21 301

21-22: 317
 4

Meaning of Indexed Cost of Acquisition:

COST
Indexed cost = --------------------------------------------------------------- x Index of the year of transfer
2001-02 (or) the first year of the current
assessee who held the asset
(whichever is later)

Indexation: However, the Courts have held that indexed cost of acquisition has to be computed
with reference to the year in which the previous owner first held the asset and not the year in
which the current assessee became the owner of the asset.

Meaning of the term “COST”:

a. If the asset was acquired before 1.4.2001:

Purchase price (or) fair market value as on 1.4.2001
shall be the cost according to the choice of the assessee.

Note: However, in case of land or building, f.m.v. as on 01.04.2001 shall not exceed the stamp duty
value, wherever available, as on 01.04.2001.

b. If the asset was acquired on or after 1.4.2001:

Purchase price shall be the cost.

Meaning of indexed cost of improvement:

Any improvements before 1.4.2001 shall be ignored. In other words improvements on or after
1.4.2001 is to be considered for indexation.

COST OF IMPROVEMENT
ICOI = -------------------------------------------------------- x Index of the year of transfer
Index of the year during which
improvement took place

Problems: Meaning of Capital Asset:

1. State whether the following are capital assets are not:
Property held by a dealer in property; Gold held by a jeweller; Personal car and air conditioner;
Residential house for personal use; Personal mobile phone; Loose diamonds; Gold and silver coins
used for puja; Furniture held for personal use; Furniture in the office of a chartered accountant;
Shares held by a dealer in shares; Goodwill of a business (self-generated); Goodwill of a
profession (self-generated); Paintings and drawings; Statue of Lord Ganesh (sculpture); Securities
held by FII as stock in trade.
 5

2. Miss D (an actress), has furnished the following details:

Sale proceeds on sale of BMW car for Rs.90,00,000 which was used exclusively for personal
purposes. This car was acquired for Rs.50,00,000.
Sale proceeds of Benz car used for her profession was sold for Rs.40,00,000. The w.d.v. of the car
as on 01.04.2021 was Rs.30 lakhs.
Sale of personal jewels made of platinum and paintings for Rs.1 crore which were acquired for 25
lakhs.

3. Mrs.X an individual resident woman wanted to know whether income tax is attracted on sale of
gold and jewellery gifted to her by her parents on the occasion of her marriage in the year 2005
which was purchased at a total cost of Rs.18,00,000?

4. State whether the agricultural land mentioned below is a capital asset or not:

S. no. Area Distance Population

from the local limits Answer
1. A 1 km 9,000 Not a CA
2. B 1.5 kms 12,000 CA
3. C 2 kms 11,00,000 CA
4. D 3 kms 80,000 Not a CA
5. E 4 kms 3,00,000 CA
6. F 5 kms 12,00,000 CA
7. G 6 kms 8,000 Not a CA
8. H 7 kms 4,00,000 Not a CA
9. I 8 kms 10,50,000 CA
10. J 9 kms 15,00,000 Not a CA

Short term or Long term Capital Assets (period of holding):

5. State whether the asset is short term or long term in the following cases:
X purchases a residential house on 10.3.2019 and sells it on 16.02.2022.
X purchases a land on 10.3.2020 and sells it on 26.12.2021.

Y purchases listed shares in an Indian Company on 10.3.2020 and sells it on 6.6.2021.

R purchases shares in an unlisted company on 10.03.2020 and sells these shares on 20.11.2021

Z acquires units of an equity oriented mutual fund on 7.7.2020 and transfers it on 10.7.2021.
Zero coupon bonds of Eligible Corporation, held for 14 months

Mr.X purchased a house in 2005-06 and gifted it to his son Mr.Y on 1.11.2021 and Mr.Y sells it to
Mr.Z on 23.01.2022.

X Ltd. sells plant and machinery (entire block) in 2021-22 after using the asset for 5 years.
 6

Computation of Short Term Capital Gain:

6. X is a HUF. The family acquires a residential house at Chennai for Rs.62,75,000 on 1.4.2021. The
family undergoes complete partition on 1.11.2021 and the residential house is allotted to Y, a member
of the family. Y sells the house on 15.01.2022 for Rs.65,00,000. Expenses in connection with sale is
Rs.75,000. Compute taxable capital gains in the hands of Y.

Computation of Long Term Capital Gain:

7. Mr.A purchased a house property in 1992 for Rs.5,00,000. He sells the house in December 2021. The
fair market value of the house as on 1.4.2001 was Rs.18,00,000. Compute the indexed cost of
acquisition.

What would be your answer if:

Mr.A gifts the house to Mr.B, his son in April 2006 and Mr.B sells the house in December 2021. What
will be the indexed cost of acquisition in the hands of Mr.B. (CII: 2006-07: 122)

Government acquired the house from Mr.A in December 2020 but the compensation was paid in
December 2021. What will be the indexed cost of acquisition? (CII: 2020-21: 301)

8. X purchased a piece of land on 04.01.1995 for Rs.12,00,000. This land was sold by him on 15.12.2021
for Rs.70,00,000. The fair market value of the land as on 1.4.2001 was Rs.18,00,000. Expenses on
transfer were 2% of the sale price. Compute the capital gains.

9. X acquired the property in the year 2004-05 for Rs.4,75,000 and paid Rs.26,000 as registration
charges. X died on 15.9.2010 and the property was transferred to his son Y through inheritance. The
market value of the property as on 15.9.2010 was Rs.25,00,000. Y sold this property on 31.10.2021
for Rs.45,00,000. Compute capital gains. Also compute capital gains on the basis of ruling given in
Bombay and Delhi High Courts. (CII: 2004-05: 113 and 2010-11: 167)

10. X acquired land in 77-78 for Rs.2,00,000 and gifted it to his major son Y on 1.6.89, when the market
value of the land was Rs.2,50,000. Stamp Duty Value as on 01.04.2001 is Rs.16,00,000. The fair market
value of that land as on 1.4.2001 was Rs.18,00,000. Y sold the land on 15.01.2022 for Rs.54,00,000.
Expenses in connection with transfer Rs.1,00,000. Compute capital gains.
(CII: 2019-20: 289)

11. Mr.C purchases a house property for Rs.1,06,000 on 15.5.1975. The following expenses are incurred
by him for making additions:

Cost of construction of the first floor in 82-83: Rs.3,10,000

Cost of construction of the second floor in 02-03: Rs.7,35,000
Reconstruction of the house in 12-13: Rs.5,50,000

FMV. of the property on 1.4.2001 is Rs.8,50,000. The house is sold by Mr.C on 10.01.2022 for
Rs.75,00,000 (expenses incurred on transfer Rs.2,00,000). (CII: 2002-03: 105 & 2012-13: 200)
 7

12. R acquired land on 6.7.1998 for Rs.3,20,000. He constructed ground floor in the previous year
2004-05. Cost of construction was Rs.5,65,000. He further spends Rs.2,58,000 in the construction
of first floor which was completed in the previous year 2007-08. The entire house property was
sold on 04.02.2022 for Rs.73,00,000. Fair market value of the land as on 01.04.2001 was
Rs.6,00,000. Compute capital gains. (CII: 2004-05: 113 & 2007-08: 129)

13. Mr.A is an individual carrying on business. His stock and machinery were damaged and destroyed
in a fire accident.

The value of stock lost (total damaged) was Rs.6,50,000. Certain portion of the machinery could
be salvaged. The opening WDV of the block as on 1.4.2021 was Rs.10,80,000.

During the process of safeguarding machinery and in the fire fighting operations, Mr.A lost his gold
chain and a diamond ring, which he had purchased in April, 2004 for Rs.84,750. The market value
of these two items as on the date of fire accident was Rs.2,50,000.

Mr.A received the following amounts from the insurance company:

a. Towards loss of stock Rs.4,80,000

b. Towards damage of machinery Rs.6,00,000
c. Towards gold chain and diamond ring Rs.2,50,000

You are requested to briefly comment on the tax treatment of the above three items under the
provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961. (CII: 2004-05: 113) (sum no.4 pg. no.4.449)
 8

SECTION 54: Transfer of a residential house and purchase or construction of a

residential house:

Exemption under this section is available for Individuals and HUF only
The house transferred should be a residential house
The residential house transferred should be a long-term capital asset
A residential house should be purchased or constructed on or before the due date of filing ROI.

Amount of exemption: Amount invested is exempted from tax.

Where the amount of capital gains exceeds Rs.2 crores:

Exemption can be availed in respect of ONE residential house purchased or constructed in India

Where the amount of capital gains does not exceed Rs.2 crores (once in a life time):
Exemption can be availed in respect of TWO residential houses purchased or constructed in India.
This exemption is available to the assessee once in a life time.

Scheme of deposit: If the new house is not purchased or constructed before the “due date” then the
same can be deposited under Capital Gain Account Scheme for claiming exemption.

Extension of time limit if deposit is made: The new house/houses should be purchased one year
before or two years after the date of transfer (three years for construction).

Withdrawal of exemption: The new residential house should not be transferred within a period of
three years from the date of its purchase or construction. If transferred, the exemption previously
granted shall be reduced from the cost of acquisition for computing capital gains.

Note: The unutilized deposit amount in the capital gain account scheme, in the case of an assessee,
who dies before the expiry of the two/three years stipulated period, cannot be taxed in the hands of
the deceased or the legal heirs.

SECTION 54 B: Transfer of an Agricultural land and purchase of an agricultural land

The agricultural land transferred should be a capital asset first (i.e. situated in urban area)
This section is available to Individuals and HUF only
The agricultural land must be used by the assessee or by his parents or HUF for agricultural purposes
at least for two years immediately preceding the date of transfer.

Exemption is available for both short term and long term capital gains.
The agricultural land (urban or rural) should be purchased within two years from the date of transfer.

Exemption, Scheme of deposit and withdrawal of exemption are same as per Section 54.
 9

Where an urban agricultural land is compulsorily acquired under any Law and compensation is
determined or approved by the Central Government or by RBI, the capital gain on such acquisition is
fully exempt u/s.10 (37).

SECTION 54 D: Transfer (on account of compulsory acquisition) of any land or building

used for industrial purposes and purchase of land or building for
industrial purposes.

This section is available to all assesses

The land or building should have been used for industrial purposes by the assessee at least for two
years immediately preceding the date of transfer.

The industrial land or building can be either a short term or a long term capital asset.
The new industrial land or building should be purchased within 3 years from the date of receipt of
compensation.

Amount of exemption, Scheme of deposit, Withdrawal of exemption are same as per section 54.

SECTION 54 EC: Transfer of land or building and investment in a “Specified Asset”

This section is available to all assessees.

The land or building transferred should be a long-term capital asset.
The assessee should invest in a “specified asset” within 6 months from the date of transfer.

Specified asset means bonds redeemable after 5 years issued by the National Highways Authority of
India (NHAI) or by the Rural Electrification Corporation Ltd (REC) or any other bond notified by the
Central Government.
The assessee should not transfer or convert or avail loan or advance on the security of such bonds
within a period of 5 years from the date of acquisition of such bonds.
Amount of exemption: Rs.50 lakhs (or) amount invested within 6 months (whichever is less)

SECTION 54 EE: Transfer of any Capital Asset and investment in notified units of
specified fund:

OBJECTIVE: TO RAISE MONEY TO FINANCE NEW START-UPS

This section is available to all assessees.

The asset transferred should be a long-term capital asset.
The assessee should invest within a period of 6 months from the date of transfer.
The above units should not be transferred or converted into money within a period of three years.
Amount of exemption: Rs.50,00,000 (or) Amount invested (whichever is less)
 10

SECTION 54 F: Transfer of any capital asset (other than a residential house) but
purchase/construction of a residential house.

This section is available for Individual and HUF only

The capital asset transferred should be a long-term capital asset
A new residential house should be purchased in INDIA within one year before or two years after
from the date of transfer (3 years for construction)
The assessee should not own more than one residential house on the date of transfer

Amount of exemption:
a. If entire net consideration is invested, entire capital gain is exempt from tax

b. If part of net consideration is invested then amount exempt is:

Amount invested
---------------------------- (x) LTCG (before exemption)
Net consideration

Withdrawal of exemption:
a) If the new residential house is transferred within a period of three years; or
b) The assessee should not purchase or construct another house within the stipulated period.

14. Problems on Section 54:

Mr.R sold his residential house on 27.12.2021 which has resulted in a long-term capital gain of
Rs.1,50,00,000. For claiming exemption u.s.54, he purchases two residential houses in Chennai
for Rs.60,00,000 each within the time allowed. Compute taxable capital gains if has exercised his
option to claim exemption for two houses.

What will be your answer in the above case if the sale had resulted in a long-term capital gain of
Rs.2,25,00,000?

15. Determine the amount of exemption u/s.54 and taxable capital gains:
X sells a residential house in Agra for 73,00,000 on 23.12.2021 which was purchased by him on
20.4.2005 for Rs.10,53,000. Selling expenses in this connection Rs.25,000. On 16.03.2022, he
purchases a house in Chennai for Rs.50,00,000.

On 18.11.2022, X sells the house in Chennai for Rs.53,00,000. Can he also claim exemption under
section 54 in respect of transaction ii. (CII: 05-06: 117)

16. X sold a residential house on 15.01.2022 for a consideration of Rs.99,74,000. Transfer expenses
incurred amounted to Rs.24,000. The said residential house was purchased on 05.06.1998 for
Rs.15,20,000 (FMV as on 01.04.2001 Rs.18,60,000). The due date for furnishing return of income is
July 31, 2022. Stamp Duty Value as on 01.04.2001 is not available. Compute capital gains for
Assessment Year 2022-23 if:
 11

Case a. he invests Rs.40,00,000 for purchase of a new house on 15.07.2022.

Case b. he purchased land for construction of a house on 12.10.2021 for Rs.15,00,000 and deposited
Rs.20,00,000 in the Capital Gain Account Scheme on 20.07.2022 and a further sum of
Rs.10,00,000 on 30.11.2022.

Problems on Section 54B:

17. R purchased an agricultural land in 2004-05 for Rs.6,78,000. The land was being used for
agricultural purposes by him. This land is sold by him on 02.02.2022 for Rs.35,00,000. He has
spent Rs.8,50,000 for acquiring an agricultural land on 21.07.2022 and has deposited Rs.6,00,000
under the Capital Gains Account Scheme on 31.07.2022.

Out of the amount deposited, he withdrew Rs.5,70,000 for purchasing agricultural land on
15.01.2024. Compute taxable amount of capital gains for assessment years 2022-23; 2023-24;
2024-25 and 2025-26; if:

A. The agricultural land which was sold is urban agricultural land;

B. The agricultural land which was sold is rural agricultural land (CII: 04-05: 113)

18. X is in possession of agricultural land situated within urban limits, which is used for agricultural
purposes during the preceding 3 years by his father. On 10.01.2022 this land was compulsorily
acquired by the Government of India on a compensation fixed and paid by it for Rs.10,00,000.
Advise X as to the tax consequences, assuming that the entire amount is invested in purchase of
shares.

Problems on Section 54EC:

19. On 02.01.2022, X sells land for Rs.90,00,000 (cost of acquisition on 10.3.2003: Rs.12,60,000). On
5.02.2022, he acquires bonds of National Highway Authority of India (investment being
Rs.35,00,000). Again on 03.05.2022 he further invested Rs.25,00,000 in these bonds. Find out
the amount of exemption under section 54 EC and taxable capital gains. (CII: 02-03: 105)

20. R acquired a land on 15.12.2008 for Rs.5,48,000 which was sold on 15.11.2021 for Rs.24,20,000.
Expenses of transfer were Rs.20,000. He invests Rs.10,00,000 in the bonds of Rural
Electrification Corporation Ltd on 16.04.2022. Compute capital gains for the A.Y.2022-23.

State the period for which the bonds should be held by the assessee. What will be the
consequences if such bonds are sold within the specified period? What will be the consequences
if R takes a loan against the security of such bonds? (CII: 08-09: 137)
 12

Problems on Section 54F:

21. X sells jewellery on 10.7.2021 for Rs.42,50,000 (cost on 15.6.2004 Rs.6,78,000 and selling
expenses Rs.50,000). On 10.7.2021, he owns one residential house property. To get the
benefit of exemption under section 54 F, X deposits on 30.5.2022 Rs.33,60,000 in Capital
Gains Deposit Scheme. By withdrawing from the Deposit Account he purchases a residential
house property at Delhi on 16.12.2022 for Rs.30,24,000. (CII: 04-05: 113)

Ascertain:--
• the amount of capital gain chargeable to tax for the assessment year 2022-23;
• tax treatment of the unutilized amount;
• when can he withdraw the unutilized amount; and
• what X has to do to ensure that the exemption under section 54 F is never taken back.

Section 54 & Section 54F:

22. Anish owns a residential house which is self-occupied and also a house plot. He sells the house
on 28.2.2022 and the house plot on 04.03.2022 for Rs.18 lacs and Rs.15.60 lacs, respectively. The
house was purchased on 17.10.2002 for Rs.4.2 lacs and the plot on 26.12.2006 for Rs.3.66 lacs.
Anish has purchased a new residential house on 03.05.2022 for Rs.10 lacs. Compute "Capital
Gain" for the A.Y. 2022-23. Cost inflation indices for the financial year 2002-2003, 2006-2007
and 2021-22 are 105, 122 and 317 respectively.

Problems on Section 54D:

23. Mr.S, a resident, is engaged in the business of manufacturing of motor parts. A plot of industrial
land which was used by him for business purpose for last 10 years was compulsorily acquired by
Central Government on 07.05.2021. The compensation of Rs.14,00,000 was received on
27.02.2022. Such property was purchased by him on 08.08.2006 for Rs.2,44,000. He purchased
another plot of industrial land on 21.04.2022 for Rs.6,00,000. Compute taxable capital gains.
CII: PY 06-07 – 122.

SECTION 54 H: Extension of time limit under compulsory acquisition cases:

Under compulsory acquisition cases, the time limit for the purpose of acquiring a new asset to
avail exemption under section 54, 54B, 54D, 54EC and 54F shall be reckoned from the date of
receipt of such compensation and not from the date of transfer.
 13

CAPITAL GAINS – PART III:

TREATMENT OF ADVANCE MONEY RECEIVED AND FORFEITED:
Any advance money received by the assessee shall be taxable under the head “Income from other
sources” if:

a) such advance is forfeited; and

b) the negotiations did not result in transfer of such capital asset

Provision before 01.04.2014: Advance money received and forfeited shall be reduced from the
cost and the reduced cost is considered for indexation.

SECTION 50 C: IN THE CASE OF IMMOVABLE PROPERTY:

Sale consideration is taken as the STAMP DUTY VALUE or the ACTUAL SALE PRICE whichever is
higher. Where the stamp duty value does not exceed 110% of the actual sale price, then actual
sale price shall be deemed to be the full value of consideration.

SDV on the date of agreement and on the date of registration are not same:
Ordinarily, SDV on the date of registration should be considered. However, SDV on the date of the
agreement can be opted only in a case where the amount of consideration, or part thereof, has been
paid by way of an account payee cheque or account payee bank draft or use of electronic clearing
system through a bank account or through any other prescribed electronic modes, on or before the
date of the agreement.

In case of dispute on the part of the assessee:

In case of dispute, the assessee can request the A.O. to refer the matter to the Valuation Officer.

e.g. case I case II case III

Actual sale price 25,00,000 25,00,000 25,00,000
Stamp duty value 32,00,000 32,00,000 32,00,000
Value determined by Valuation Officer 22,00,000 28,00,000 35,00,000

As per Section 50C (sale consideration) 25,00,000 28,00,000 32,00,000

SECTION 50 B: COMPUTATION OF CAPITAL GAIN IN THE CASE OF SLUMP SALE

‘Slump Sale’ means the transfer of one or more undertakings as a result of the sale for a lump sum
consideration without values being assigned to the individual assets and liabilities.

a) “Fair market value” of capital assets as on the date of transfer, shall be deemed to be the full
value of consideration received for computing capital gains.
b) Cost of acquisition and cost of improvement shall be the “NET WORTH” of the undertaking
c) NET WORTH means value of total assets minus value of total liabilities of the “DIVISION”
d) Any change in the value of assets on account of revaluation shall be ignored
 14

e) In case of depreciable assets, written down value (as per I.T. Act) shall be considered
f) In case of non-depreciable assets, book value shall be considered
g) Net worth cannot be negative
h) Short term or Long term depends upon the period for which the undertaking is owned and
held by the assessee.

i) Indexation benefit is not available

j) A report of a C.A. in Form No.3CEA showing the amount of net worth should be furnished

CAPITAL GAIN ON CONVERSION OF CAPITAL ASSET IN TO STOCK-IN-TRADE:

Conversion of capital asset into stock-in-trade amounts to transfer.

I. Computation of capital gain on conversion:

Fair Market Value on the date of conversion xxx
Less: Indexed cost of acquisition xxx
Long term capital gain xxx

The above capital gains are taxed only in the year in which the stock-in-trade is sold.

II. Computation of business income on sale of stock-in-trade:

Sale proceeds of stock in trade xxx
Less: Cost of stock-in-trade (being f.m.v. on the date of conversion) xxx
Income from Business xxx

MEANING OF ‘REVERSE MORTGAGE’:

A senior citizen who owns a house but not having regular source of income can mortgage his
property with a bank. The bank in turn pays him periodic installments or lump sum amount to the
senior citizen. The borrower can continue to stay in the house and as well as receive regular
income from the bank.

The borrower is not required to pay the principal as well as the interest to the bank during his life
time. The bank will recover the loan along with the interest by selling the house after the death of
the borrower. However, before selling the property, the legal heirs are given an option to repay
the loan along with interest and get the mortgaged property released.

Tax treatment:
Mortgage of a property in a transaction of reverse mortgage under a scheme notified by Central
Government shall not be regarded as ‘transfer’. Therefore, no capital gains tax. The periodic
installments or lump sum received by the senior citizen is exempt from tax u.s.10 (43).
 15

COMPULSORY ACQUISITION – YEAR OF TAXABILITY:

Under compulsory acquisition cases, capital gains are taxable in the year of receipt of
compensation by the assessee. However, if compensation is received based on an INTERIM ORDER
of a court, tribunal or other authority, such compensation shall be deemed to be income of the
previous year in which the FINAL ORDER of such court, tribunal or other authority is made.

RECEIPT OF INSURANCE CLAIMS FOR DAMAGE OF CAPITAL ASSETS:

“Damage or Destruction” of a capital asset will be treated as transfer (extinguishment) provided
the asset is insured and compensation is received. Such gains are taxed in the year during which
the compensation is received from the “Insurer”.

The damage or destruction is as a result of a) flood, typhoon, hurricane, cyclone, earthquake; b)

riot or civil disturbance; or c) accidental fire or explosion; or d) action by an enemy.

SELF-GENERATED ASSETS:
Self-generated assets include:

a. Goodwill of a business; (but does not include self-generated goodwill of a profession)

b. tenancy rights,
c. route permits,
d. loom hours,
e. the right to manufacture, produce and process any article or thing, a trade mark or brand
name associated with a business and
f. a right to carry on any business or profession. (Section 55)

The cost of the above self-generated assets is “Nil”. Even if the aforesaid assets were acquired
before April 1, 2001, the option of adopting the fair market value on the said date is not available.
The entire sale consideration shall be treated as “capital gains”.

Note: Self-generated asset does not include “goodwill of a profession” (Supreme Court). If self-
generated goodwill of a profession is sold, then no capital gains shall arise.

RULE: CAPITAL GAINS ARE TAXED IN THE YEAR IN WHICH TRANSFER TOOK PLACE.

Exceptions to the above rule:

a. Conversion of Capital Asset in to Stock in trade
b. Compulsory Acquisition under any law
c. Extinguishment (destroyed) of a capital asset and Insurance compensation is received
d. In the case of Joint Development Agreement
e. ULIP receipts
 16

Section 50CA: Capital gains in the case of UNQUOTED SHARES:

The full value of consideration shall be the higher of the following:
• Actual consideration received; or
• FMV of shares as per valuation rules prescribed by the CBDT

JOINT DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENTS – Section 45(5A):

Where the capital gains arises to an Individual or HUF from the transfer of land or building or both,
under a specified agreement, shall be chargeable to tax in the year in which certificate of completion
for whole or part of the project is issued by the competent authority.

The full value of consideration received shall be the aggregate of:

(i) his share of stamp duty value in the project as on the date of issue of certificate of completion;
(ii) consideration received in cash, if any.

“Specified agreement” means a registered agreement in which a person owning land or building or
both, agrees to allow other person to develop a real estate project on such land, in consideration of a
share, being land or building or both in such project, whether with or without payment of part of the
consideration in cash.

Advance money received and forfeited before or after 01.04.2014:

24. Mr.A received an advance of Rs.50,000 on 1-12-2021 against the sale of his house. However, due to
non-payment of instalment in time, the contract was cancelled and the amount of Rs.50,000 was
forfeited. Discuss the taxability or otherwise in the hands of recipient Mr.A.

25. Mr.Suman received an advance of Rs.3 lakhs on 12.11.2021 to transfer his residential house property.
Since the transfer was not effected during the previous year due to failure in negotiations, he deducted
the advance money forfeited from the cost of acquisition of the property. State whether the treatment
is correct by Mr.Suman.

Problems on Section 50C:

26. Mr.T inherited a house in Jaipur under will of his father in May, 2003. The house was purchased
by his father in January, 2000 for Rs.2,50,000. He invested an amount of Rs.7,02,000 in
construction of one more floor in this house in June, 2005. The house was sold by him in
November, 2021 for Rs.37,50,000.

The valuation adopted by the registration authorities for charge of stamp duty was Rs.47,25,000
which was not contested by the buyer, but as per assessee’s request, the Assessing Officer made a
reference to Valuation Officer. The value determined by the Valuation Officer was Rs.50,00,000.

Brokerage @ 1% of sale consideration was paid by Mr.T to Mr.S. The fair market value as on
01.04.2001 was Rs.3,27,000. You are required to compute the amount of capital gain chargeable
to tax for A.Y.2022-23. (CII: 2003-04: 109; 2005-06: 117)
 17

Stamp Duty Value on the DOA and Stamp duty value on the DOR:
27. Mr.S entered into an agreement with Mr.D to sell his residential house located at Kanpur on
16.08.2021 for Rs.1,50,00,000. The sale proceeds was to be paid in the following manner:

i. 20% through account payee bank draft on the date of agreement;

ii. 60% on the date of the possession of the property;
iii. Balance after the completion of the registration of the title of the property.

Mr.D was handed over the possession of the property on 15.12.2021 and the registration process
was completed on 14.01.2022. He paid the sale proceeds as per the sale agreement.
The value determined by the stamp duty authority:-

a) on 16.08.2021 was Rs.170 lakhs;

b) on 15.12.2021 was Rs.171 lakhs; and
c) on 14.01.2022 was Rs.171.50 lakhs.

Mr.S had acquired the property on 01.04.2001 for Rs.30,00,000. After recovering the sale
proceeds from Mr.D, he purchased two residential house properties, one in Kanpur for
Rs.20,00,000 on 24.03.2022 and another in Delhi for Rs.35,00,000 on 28.05.2022. Compute
capital gains for A.Y.2022-23.

28. Mr.Shiva purchased a house property on February 15, 1979 for ₹ 3,24,000. In addition, he has also
paid stamp duty charges @ 10% on the stamp duty value of ₹ 3,50,000.

In April, 2007, Mr.Shiva entered into an agreement with Mr.Mohan for sale of such property for ₹
14,35,000 and received an amount of ₹ 1,11,000 as advance. However, the sale consideration did not
materialize and Mr.Shiva forfeited the advance.

In May 2014, he again entered into an agreement for sale of said house for ₹ 20,25,000 to
Ms.Deepshikha and received ₹ 1,51,000 as advance. However, as Ms.Deepshikha did not pay the
balance amount, Mr.Shiva forfeited the advance. In August, 2014, Mr.Shiva constructed the first floor
by incurring a cost of ₹ 3,90,000.

On November 15, 2021, Mr.Shiva entered into an agreement with Mr.Manish for sale of such house for
₹ 30,50,000 and received an amount of ₹ 1,50,000 as advance through an account payee cheque.
Mr.Manish paid the balance entire sum and Mr.Shiva transferred the house to Mr.Manish on February
20, 2022. Mr.Shiva has paid the brokerage @ 1% of sale consideration to the broker.

On April 1, 2001, fair market value of the house property was ₹ 11,85,000 and Stamp duty value was ₹
10,70,000. Further, the Valuation as per Stamp duty Authority of such house on 15 th November, 2021
was ₹ 39,00,000 and on 20th February, 2022 was ₹ 41,00,000. Compute the capital gains in the hands
of Mr.Shiva for A.Y.2022-23.

CII for F.Y. 2001-02: 100; F.Y. 2007-08: 129; F.Y. 2014-15: 240; F.Y. 2021-22: 317
 18

29. Mrs.Yuvika bought a vacant land for ₹ 80 lakhs in May 2004. Registration and other expenses
were 10% of the cost of land. She constructed a residential building on the said land for ₹ 100
lakhs during the financial year 2006-07.

She entered into an agreement for sale of the above said residential house with Mr.Johar (not a
relative) in April 2015. The sale consideration was fixed at ₹ 700 lakhs and on 23.4.2015,
Mrs.Yuvika received ₹ 20 lakhs as advance in cash by executing an agreement. However, due to
failure on part of Mr.Johar, the said negotiation could not materialise and hence, the said amount
of advance was forfeited by Mrs.Yuvika.

Mrs.Yuvika, again entered into an agreement on 01.08.2021 for sale of this house at ₹ 810 lakhs.
She received ₹ 80 lakhs as advance by RTGS. The stamp duty value on the date of agreement was
₹ 890 lakhs. The sale deed was executed and registered on 14.01.2022 for the agreed
consideration. However, the State stamp valuation authority had revised the values, hence, the
value of property for stamp duty purposes was ₹ 900 lakhs. Mrs.Yuvika paid 1% as brokerage on
sale consideration received.

Subsequent to sale, Mrs.Yuvika made following investments:

Acquired two residential houses at Delhi for ₹ 130 lakhs and ₹ 50 lakhs on 31.01.2022 and
15.05.2022.

Acquired a residential house at UK for ₹ 180 lakhs on 23.03.2022.

Subscribed to NHAI capital gains bond (approved under section 54EC) for ₹50 lakhs on
29.03.2022 and for ₹ 40 lakhs on 12.05.2022.

Compute the income chargeable under the head 'Capital Gains' of Mrs.Yuvika for A.Y.2022-23.
The choice of exemption must be in the manner most beneficial to the assessee.

Cost Inflation Index: F.Y. 2004-05 - 113; F.Y. 2006-07 - 122; F.Y. 2021-22 - 317.

Conversion of capital asset in to stock in trade:

30. Mr.Aarav converts his plot of land purchased in July, 2003 for Rs.76,300 into stock-in-trade on
31st March, 2021. The fair market value as on 31.03.2021 was Rs.3,00,000. The stock-in-trade
was sold for Rs.3,25,000 in the month of January, 2022. Compute taxable income, if any, and if so,
under what head of income and for which assessment year.

Cost inflation index: F.Y.03-04: 109; F.Y.20-21: 301 (sum no.2; page no.4.446)

31. Mrs.Harshita purchased a land at a cost of Rs.34,88,000 in the financial year 2003-04 and held
the same as her capital asset till 31st March, 2021. She started her real estate business on 21st
March, 2021 and converted the said land into stock-in-trade of her business on the said date, when
the fair market value of the land was Rs.210 lakhs.
 19

She constructed 15 flats of equal size, quality and dimension. Cost of construction of each flat is
Rs.10 lakhs. Construction was completed in February, 2022. She sold 10 flats at Rs.30,00,000 per
flat in March, 2022. The remaining 5 flats were held as stock on 31st March, 2022.

She invested Rs.50 lakhs in bonds issued by NHAI on 31 st March, 2022 and another Rs.50 lakhs in
bonds of REC Ltd in April, 2022. Compute capital gains & business income for assessment year
2022-23 indicating clearly the reasons for treatment for each item.

(Cost inflation Index: 2003-04: 109; 2020-21: 301) (sum no.3; page no.4.447)

Problem on Reverse Mortgage:

32. Mr.Suresh (senior citizen) received Rs.25,00,000 on 23.01.2022 on transfer of his residential
building in a transaction of reverse mortgage under a scheme notified by the Central Government.
The building was acquired in March 2002 for Rs.8,00,000. Is the amount received on reverse
mortgage chargeable to tax under the head ‘Capital Gains’?

Answer:
Mortgage of property with a bank under reverse mortgage scheme notified by the Central
Government shall not be regarded as transfer. Hence, amount received by Mr.Suresh under RMS is
not chargeable to tax.

Note: Amount received by a senior citizen under RMS from a bank either in lumpsum or in
installments is exempt from tax under section 10(43) of the Income-tax Act.

33. Mr.Abhishek a senior citizen, mortgaged his residential house with a bank, under a notified
reverse mortgage scheme. He was getting loan from bank in monthly installments. Mr.Abhishek
did not repay the loan on maturity and hence gave possession of the house to the bank, to
discharge his loan. How will the treatment of long-term capital gain be on such reverse mortgage
transaction? (sum no.6; page no.4.367)

Answer:
Mortgage of property with a bank under reverse mortgage scheme notified by the Central
Government shall not be regarded as transfer. Hence, amount received by Mr.Abhishek under RMS
is not chargeable to tax.

Note: Amount received by the senior citizen under RMS from the bank either in lumpsum or in
installments is exempt from tax under section 10(43) of the Income-tax Act.

Note: However, capital gain tax would be attracted only at the stage of alienation (surrender) of the
mortgaged property for the purposes of recovering the loan.
 20

34. Mrs.M, an individual aged 68 years, mortgaged her residential property, purchased for
Rs.3,15,000 on 01.10.2002, with a bank, under a notified reverse mortgage scheme and was
sanctioned a loan of Rs.20 lakhs. As per the said scheme, she was receiving the loan amount in
equal monthly installments of Rs.30,000 per month from the bank.

Mrs.M was not able to repay the loan on maturity and in lieu of settlement of the loan, surrenders
the residential property to the bank. Bank sold the property for Rs.25 lakhs on 22.02.2022. She
had no other income during the year. Discuss the tax consequences and compute tax for A.Y.2022-
23. (CII: 2002-03: 105)

Answer:
Mortgage of property with a bank under reverse mortgage scheme notified by the Central Government shall
not be regarded as transfer. Hence amount received by Mrs.M under RMS is not chargeable to tax.

Note: Amount received by the senior citizen under RMS from the bank either in lumpsum or in installments
is exempt from tax under section 10(43) of the Income-tax Act. Hence, amount received by Mrs.M Rs.30,000
p.m. from the bank is exempt under section 10(43).

Note: However, capital gain tax would be attracted only at the stage of alienation (surrender) of the
mortgaged property for the purposes of recovering the loan.

Computation of capital gain in the hands of Mrs.M on sale of property by the Bank

Sale consideration 25,00,000

Less: Indexed cost of acquisition 9,51,000 (315000 / 105 x 317)
Taxable Long-term capital gain 15,49,000

Tax on total income: (15,49,000 – 3,00,000)*20% + 4% cess: Rs.2,59,790 (rounded off)

Computation of capital gain in the case of slump sale (Section 50 B)

35. The Balance Sheet of LMN Ltd as on 30 th November 2021, being the date on which Unit N has
been transferred by way of slump sale is given hereunder:

BALANCE SHEET AS ON 30.11.2021

Liabilities Rs. in lakhs Assets Rs. in lakhs

Paid up capital 1,700 Fixed Assets:
Reserves 620 Unit L 150
Unit M 150
Unit N 550
Liabilities
Unit L 40 Other assets
Unit M 110 Unit L 520
Unit N 90 Unit M 800
Unit N 390
TOTAL 2,560 TOTAL 2,560
 21

• Using the information given below, calculate the capital gain arising on slump sale of Unit N:

• Slump sale consideration Rs.850 lakhs. Fair market value of the assets as on the date of transfer is
Rs.880 lakhs.

• Fixed assets of Unit N includes land which was purchased at Rs.60 lakhs in the year 2008 and
revalued at Rs.90 lakhs as on 31.03.2021.

• Fixed assets of Unit N reflected at Rs.460 lakhs (Rs.550 lakhs less land value of Rs.90 lakhs) is the
written down value of depreciable assets as per books. However, the written down value of these
assets under section 43 (6) of the Income-tax Act is Rs.410 lakhs.

• Other assets of Unit N shown at Rs.390 lakhs represent book value of non-depreciable assets.

• Unit N is in existence since July, 2008

• CII may be taken as 133 for 2008-09 and 317 for 2021-22

36. PQR Ltd has two units – one engaged in manufacture of computer hardware and the other involved
in developing software. As a restructuring drive, the company has decided to sell its software unit
as a going concern by way of slump sale for Rs.335 lakhs to a new company called S Ltd, in which
it holds 74% equity shares. Fair market value of the assets as on the date of transfer is Rs.385
lakhs.

The balance sheet of PQR Ltd as on 31 st March 2022, being the date on which software unit has
been transferred, is given hereunder:

BALANCE SHEET AS ON 31.03.2022

Liabilities Rs. in lakhs Assets Rs. in lakhs

Paid up share capital 300 Fixed Assets:
General Reserve 150 Hardware unit 170
Share premium 50 Software unit 200
Revaluation Reserve 120 Debtors
Current liabilities Hardware unit 140
Hardware unit 40 Software unit 110
Software unit 90 Inventories
Hardware unit 95
Software unit 35
Total 750 Total 750
 22

Following additional information is furnished by the management:

a. The software unit is in existence since May, 2011

b. Fixed assets of software unit include land which was purchased at Rs.40 lakhs in the year 2011
was revalued at Rs.60 lakhs as on 31 st March, 2022

c. Fixed assets of software unit reflected at Rs.140 lakhs (Rs.200 lakhs minus land value Rs.60 lakhs)
is written down value of depreciable assets as per books of account. However, the written down
value of these assets under section 43 (6) of the Income-tax Act is Rs.90 lakhs.

Ascertain the capital gain, which would arise from slump sale to the company.

37. Mr.A is a proprietor of Akash Enterprises having 2 units. He transferred on 01.04.2021 his Unit 1
by way of slump sale for a total consideration of Rs.25 lakhs. The fair market value of the unit on
01.04.2021 is Rs.30 lacs. Unit 1 was started in the year 2005-06. The expenses incurred for this
transfer were Rs.28,000. His Balance Sheet as on 31.03.2021 is as under:

Liabilities Total Assets Unit 1 Unit 2 Total

Own capital 15,00,000 Building 12,00,000 2,00,000 14,00,000
Revaluation Reserve
(for building of unit 1) 3,00,000 Machinery 3,00,000 1,00,000 4,00,000
Bank Loan (70% for unit 1) 2,00,000 Debtors 1,00,000 40,000 1,40,000
Creditors (25% for unit 1) 1,50,000 Other assets 1,50,000 60,000 2,10,000

Other information:
a. Revaluation reserve is created by revising upward the value of the building of Unit 1.

b. No individual value of any asset is considered in the transfer deed

c. Other assets of Unit 1 include patents acquired on 01.07.2019 for Rs.50,000 on which no
depreciation has been charged. Compute the capital gain for the assessment year 2022-23.

Answer:

Computation of capital gains on slump sale of Unit 1 for A.Y.2022-23:

Slump sale consideration of Unit 1 30,00,000

Less: Selling expenses 28,000
Net consideration 29,72,000
Less: Net worth (see note below) 12,50,625
Long-term capital gain 17,21,375
 23

Working notes:

Net worth of Unit 1:

Building (excluding Rs.3 lakhs on account of revaluation) 9,00,000
Machinery 3,00,000
Debtors 1,00,000
Other assets (1,50,000 – 50,000) 1,00,000
Patent (see note below) 28,125
14,28,125
Less: Creditors (25% of Rs.1,50,000) 37,500
Bank loan (70% of Rs.2,00,000) 1,40,000
Net worth of Unit 1 12,50,625

Written down value of patents as on 01.04.2021:

Cost as on 01.07.2019 50,000
Less: Depreciation @ 25% for financial year 2019-20 12,500
WDV as on 01.04.2020 37,500
Less: Depreciation @ 25% for financial year 2020-21 9,375
WDV as on 01.04.2021 28,125

Capital gain in case of JOINT DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT – Section 45(5A):

38. Mr.X purchased a residential plot on 01.01.1998 for Rs.50,00,000. FMV of plot as on 01.04.2001 is
Rs.65,00,000. Alpha Builders enter into a Development Agreement with Mr.X on 01.05.2021 on
the following terms and conditions:

a. Mr.X will hand over the possession of plot to Alpha Builders on 01.05.2021
b. Alpha Builders will pay a cheque of Rs.60 lakhs to Mr.X on 01.05.2021.
c. Alpha Builders will construct 10 residential units on the plot of land will give 6 units to
Mr.X. The 10 units shall be completed by 30.06.2023 and that date 6 units will be handed
over to Mr.X

d. The stamp duty value of plot on 01.05.2021 is Rs.2 crores

e. The stamp duty value of each flat on 30.06.2023 is Rs.45 lakhs

CASE I: The project completion certificate is issued by competent authority on 30.06.2023. 6

units are handed over to Mr.X on 30.06.2023.

CASE II: The project completion certificate is issued by competent authority on 30.04.2024
and on that date the stamp duty value of each flat is Rs.50 lakhs. 6 units are handed
over to Mr.X on 30.04.2024.

Answer:
There is a ‘Transfer’ on 01.05.2021 in hands of Mr.X since he has given the possession of residential plot to
the builder under a Development Agreement.
 24

However, the capital gains shall not be taxable in previous year 21-22 but shall be taxable in the previous
year in which certificate of completion is issued by competent authority (i.e. PY 23-24).

The above section is applicable since assessee is an individual

The holding period of residential plot shall be taken from 01.01.1998 to 30.04.2021. i.e. long term

Sale consideration = SDV on the date of issue of completion certificate of his share in land/building in
project plus consideration received in cash.

CASE I: Assessment Year 2024-25

Sale consideration (SDV of 6 flats on 30.06.2023 + cash received) 3,30,00,000
Less: Indexed cost of acquisition (65 lakhs / 100 * 317) 2,06,05,000
LTCG 1,23,95,000

CASE II: Assessment Year 2025-26

Sale consideration (SDV of 6 flats on 30.04.2024 + cash received) 3,60,00,000
Less: Indexed cost of acquisition (65 lakhs / 100 * 317) 2,06,05,000
LTCG 1,53,95,000

39. State whether the following statement is true or false:

Where capital gain arises to an individual from the transfer of capital asset, being immovable property
under a joint development agreement, the capital gain is chargeable to tax in the previous year in which the
certificate of completion for whole or part of the project is issued by the competent authority.

COMPULSORY ACQUISITION – YEAR OF TAXABILITY:

40. Mr.A owns a land which was compulsorily acquired by NHAI on 10.01.2021 and he was
compensated for a sum of Rs.1 crore on 25.02.2021. The market value of the said property as on
the date of compulsory acquisition is Rs.2.5 crore. Mr.A filed a suit against NHAI challenging the
quantum of compensation.

On 26.07.2021, court passed an interim order granting an additional compensation of Rs.1.25

crores and the same was received on 27.07.2021. However, the final order of the court was made
on 20.04.2022 confirming the interim order. Determine the year of chargeability.

Solution: Taxable in the year in which the Court passes the FINAL order:
Year of chargeability of original compensation shall be the year in which such compensation was
received. Accordingly, Rs.1 crore shall be chargeable in the A.Y.2021-22.

Enhanced compensation received in pursuance of an interim order shall not be chargeable to tax
in the year in which it is received. Such enhanced compensation shall be chargeable in the year in
which the final order of the court is passed.

In the given case, though the interim order was passed in the financial year 2021-22, the year of
chargeability shall be P.Y.2022-23, being the year in which court has passed the final order. Thus,
Rs.1.25 crores shall be chargeable to tax only in the A.Y.2023-24.
 25

Self-generated goodwill of profession:

41. On 31st January, 2022, Mr.A has transferred self-generated goodwill of his profession for a sale
consideration of Rs.7,00,000 and incurred expenses of Rs.25,000 for such transfer. You are required to
compute the capital gains chargeable to tax in the hands of Mr.A for the A.Y.2022-23.

Answer:
The transfer of self-generated goodwill of profession is not chargeable to tax. It is based upon the Supreme
Court’s ruling. The amount received on sale of such goodwill is a capital receipt, hence not taxable.

CAPITAL GAINS ON BUYBACK OF SHARES – SECTION 46A

In the hands of the company (both listed & unlisted):

As per section 115-QA, the company shall pay tax @ 23.296% (20% + 12% + 4%) within 14 days
on distributed income which shall be calculated as under:

Distributed income = Buyback price – Issue price

In the hands of the shareholder:

The amount received by shareholders on buyback of listed or unlisted shares shall be exempt
u.s.10(34A). No tax treatment in the hands of the shareholders.

42. Avimanyu, a resident individual held 25% equity shares in FMC Ltd., an Indian company. The
company's paid up share capital as on 31st March, 2021 was Rs.10 lakhs divided into 1 lakh equity
shares of ₹ 10 each issued at a premium of ₹ 20 each. The shares were allotted to the shareholders
on 1st October, 2012.

The company had gone for buyback of 30% of its shares on 30th April, 2021 as per the provisions
of the Companies Act, 2013. The company paid ₹60 per share on buy back. Explain and compute
the tax effect in the hands of FMC Ltd. and Avimanyu.

Transfer of capital asset by a partner to the firm as capital contribution:

Where a person transfers a capital asset to a firm by way of capital contribution, capital gain arising
from such transfer will be chargeable to tax as income of the previous year in which such transfer
took place.

Full value of consideration: For this purpose, the value of consideration will be the AMOUNT
RECORDED IN THE BOOKS OF ACCOUNTS of the firm.

43. B joined Avtar & Co. as a partner on 1 st June, 2021. He contributed his vacant land to the firm as his
capital which was recorded in the books of the firm at Rs.5 lakhs. The land was inherited by B from his
father in April 2010 and the fair market value on that date was Rs.2 lacs. The land was originally
acquired by his father in August, 2005 for Rs.1 lakh. The fair market value on 1 st June, 2021 was Rs.10
lacs. The full value of consideration received as a result of transfer of land by B as capital would be
taken as:
 26

a) Rs.1 lakh
b) Rs.2 lakhs
c) Rs.5 lakhs
d) Rs.10 lakhs

MCQs:
1. Under section 54EC, capital gains on transfer of land or building or both are exempted if invested in the
bonds issued by NHAI & RECL or another notified bond-

(a) Within a period of 6 months after the date of such transfer

(b) Within a period of 6 months from the end of the relevant previous year
(c) Within a period of 6 months from the end of the previous year or the due date for filing the return
of income under section 139(1), whichever is earlier
(d) At any time before the end of the relevant previous year.

2. Mr.A (aged 45 years) sold an agricultural land for Rs.52 lakhs on 04.10.2021 acquired at a cost of Rs.49.25
lakhs on 13.09.2020 situated at 7 kms from the jurisdiction of municipality having population of 4,00,000
and also sold another agricultural land for Rs.53 Iakhs on 12.12.2021 acquired at a cost of Rs.46 lakhs on
15.02.2020 situated at 1.5 kms from the jurisdiction of municipality having population of 12,000. What
would be the amount of capital gain chargeable to tax in the hands of Mr. A for the assessment year 2022-
23? Cost inflation index for F.Y. 2019-20:289; 2020-21: 301; 2021-22: 317.

(a) Short-term capital gain of Rs. 9.75 lakhs

(b) Short-term capital gain of Rs.7 lakhs
(c) Long-term capital gain of Rs.4,12,500
(d) Long-term capital gain of Rs.5,29,196

3. Mr. A is the owner of residential house which was purchased on 1st September, 2016 for Rs.10,56,000. He
sold the said house on 4th September, 2021 for Rs.19,00,000. Valuation as per stamp valuation authorities
was Rs.45,00,000. He invested Rs.19,00,000 in NHAI Bonds on 21st March, 2022. The Cost Inflation index
for - F.Y. 2016-17: 264

4. Chirag entered into an agreement for sale of his house property located at Jaipur to Yash on 1 st August, 2021
for a total sale consideration of Rs.95 lakhs. Yash paid an amount of Rs.20 lakhs by account payee cheque
to Chirag on 1st August, 2021 and balance was agreed to be paid at the time of registration of the Conveyance
Deed which could only be executed by Chirag on 1st September, 2021. The Stamp Valuation Authority
determined the value of the house property on the date of registration of deed at Rs.140 lakhs. However,
the value determined by the Stamp Valuation Authority of the house on the date of agreement (1st August,
2021) was Rs.110 lakhs. The sale value for the purpose of computing the capital gains of the property for
A.Y.2022-23 to be taken by Chirag shall be:

a) Rs.95 lakhs
b) Rs.110 lakhs
c) Rs.140 lakhs
d) Rs.120 lakhs
 27

5. In a scheme of buy back of shares, XYZ Ltd., a listed company, paid Rs.6 lakhs to a shareholder X on
12.03.2022. The buy-back was through recognized stock exchange. The sum of Rs.6 lakhs received by X
who had bought these shares 2 years back will be:

a) Taxable in full
b) Fully exempt u.s.10(34A)
c) Taxable @ 20%
d) Taxable at normal rate of tax

6. Mr.X has 2000 equity shares of MNO Pvt Ltd. On 21st October, 2021, MNO Pvt Ltd has bought back 50%
shares from its shareholders amounting to Rs.13,50,000 which were issued for Rs.5,70,000 which include
Rs.1,15,000 towards premium. What shall be the amount of tax payable by MNO Pvt Ltd on buy back of its
shares?

a) Rs.2,08,500
b) Rs.1,81,710
c) Rs.3,14,496
d) Rs.1,62,240

7. Mr.R purchased a car for his personal use for Rs.25 lakhs in April 2021 and sold the same for Rs.28 lakhs in
July 2021. The taxable capital gains would be:

a) Nil
b) Rs.3 lacs
c) Rs.28 lacs
d) Rs.3 lacs subject to indexation

8. Long-term capital gains on sale of a long-term capital asset in October, 2021 is Rs.105. The assesse invested
Rs.50 lakhs in REC bonds in March, 2022 and Rs.55 lakhs in NHAI bonds in May, 2022.

The amount of exemption eligible under section 54EC is:

a) Nil
b) Rs.50 lakhs
c) Rs.55 lakhs
d) Rs.105 lakhs
 28

CHAPTER - 10: LISTED SHARES & UNLISTED SHARES

TAX RATE ON CAPITAL GAINS:

A. In the case of listed shares sold through the stock exchange and STT paid:
a. STCG: 15% tax u.s.111A (STT not allowed)
b. LTCG: 10% tax u.s.112A after exemption of Rs.1 lakh (STT not allowed)

B. Other Capital Assets such as unlisted shares, land or building, jewellery:

STCG: slab rate applicable
LTCG: 20% tax u.s.112

ADJUSTMENT OF UNEXHAUSTED EXEMPTION FOR A RESIDENT ASSESSEE:

If basic exemption of Rs.2,50,000 is not fully exhausted against slab rate incomes, then balance
exemption can be adjusted against incomes taxed at special rates except against casual income.

Important: The above benefit/adjustment is not available for a NON-RESIDENT.

SPECIAL RATES
LTCG on listed shares (through stock exchange and STT paid): 10%
STCG on listed shares (through stock exchange and STT paid): 15%
LTCG on other capital assets: 20%
Casual Income: 30%

Problems:
1. Salary income (computed) 9,00,000; STCG (jewellery) Rs.2,00,000; LTCG (urban land) Rs.4,00,000.
Winning from a TV game show Rs.3,00,000; STCG (listed shares) Rs.60,000. Deduction under chapter
VIA Rs.1,00,000. Compute tax liability of Mr.X a resident who is 40 years of age and assume listed
shares are sold through NSE and applicable STT has been paid. Ignore Section 115BAC.

2. Interest on fixed deposit with SBI Rs.2,50,000; LTCG (urban land) Rs.7,50,000. Compute tax liability
of the assessee who is 70 years of age if he is: a) resident or b) non-resident.

LISTED SHARES SOLD THROUGH STOCK EXCHANGE AND STT PAID:

STCG: (through RSE and STT paid): 15% u.s.111A
LTCG: (through RSE and STT paid): 10% u.s.112A after Rs.1,00,000 exemption

✓ Section 112A exemption of Rs.1,00,000 is available for both resident and non-residents;
✓ This exemption is in addition to basic exemption available to an individual;
✓ Chapter VI-A deductions are not available;
✓ Rebate u.s.87A shall not be allowed; and
✓ INDEXATION BENEFIT is not available.
 29

REMEMBER: LTCG on sale of listed shares is fully taxable & hence fully included in total
income. At the time of computing tax, the assessee can claim Rs.1 lakh exemption.

3. Salary income (computed) Rs.10,00,000; STCG (listed shares) Rs.1,00,000; LTCG (listed shares)
Rs.1,50,000. The shares were sold through stock exchange and STT paid. Compute tax liability of the
assessee who is 38 years old and a resident for relevant A.Y.

4. Mr.X (age 68 years) is a resident individual. For the A.Y.2022-23, he has income from LTCG on
transfer of equity shares Rs.7,25,000 (STT has been paid on acquisition and transfer of the said
shares) and income from other sources Rs.2,75,000. Compute his tax liability for A.Y.2022-23.

WHAT SHALL BE THE COST OF A LISTED SHARE?

EARLIER: LTCG on sale of listed shares through stock exchange was fully exempt u.s.10(38).

AFTER AMENDMENT: W.E.F. 01.02.2018, exemption u.s.10(38) has been removed. LTCG on sale of
listed shares through the stock exchange is now taxed @ 10% u.s.112A after claiming exemption of
Rs.1,00,000.

The cost of a listed share purchased before 01.02.2018 shall be determined as under:

Acquired Cost of a listed share

Before 01.02.2018 Choice available
Purchase price (or) fmv as on 31.01.2018 (w. e. higher)
(note: fmv as on 31.01.2018 cannot exceed the sale price)
Fmv is the highest price of the share quoted on the stock exchange

On or after 01.02.2018 Choice not available

Purchase price shall be the cost

Note: The Finance Minister has clarified that profit made up to 31.01.2018 shall not be taxed.

5. In the case of Mr.X. listed shares purchased and sold are given below, Compute Capital gains:

Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5

Purchase price on 1.9.2017 410 710 900 800 30
FMV as on 31.01.2018 730 780 300 1,000 100
Sale price on 20.01.2022 760 650 910 825 400

Answer:
Sale consideration 760 650 910 825 400
Less: Cost 730 710 900 825 100
LTCG 30 -60 10 nil 300

FMV cannot exceed the sale price. Indexation is not available. Rebate u.s.87A is not available
 30

BONUS (FREE) SHARES:

What is the COST of a bonus share (listed)?

Allotted Cost
Before 01.02.2018 Fmv as on 31.01.2018
(fmv as on 31.01.2018 cannot exceed the sale price)

On or after 01.02.2018 nil

Period of holding: From the date of allotment till the date of sale.

What is the COST of an unlisted bonus share?

Allotted Cost
On or after 01.04.2001 nil
Before 01.04.2001 FMV as on 1.04.2001 (since purchase price is zero)

6. Cost of acquisition in case of bonus shares allotted before 01.04.2001 will be:
a) Face value on the date of allotment
b) Nil
c) Market value as on 01.04.2001
d) Current market value

RIGHT SHARES AND RELINQUISHMENT OF RIGHT ENTITLEMENTS:

The cost of a right share (listed share):

Acquired Cost
On or after 01.02.2018 Purchase price

Before 01.02.2018 Purchase price or fmv as on 31.01.2018 (w. e. higher)

(fmv as on 31.01.2018 cannot exceed the sale price)

Period of holding: From the date of allotment till the date of sale.

Relinquishment of rights in a right share:

The cost of right entitlements shall be nil.

7. One equity share of a company listed on recognised stock exchange is acquired on 01.01.2017 at
Rs.100. Its fair market value is Rs.200 on 31.01.2018 and it is sold on 01.04.2021 at Rs.150. Assuming
all conditions required by section 112A are fulfilled, compute the amount of capital gain/loss on sale
of this share u/s 112A.
 31

8. On 28.02.2022, 10,000 shares of XY Ltd. a listed company are sold by Mr.B @ 550 per share and STT
was paid at the time of sale of shares. These shares were acquired by him on 5th April, 2017 @ Rs.395
per share by paying STT at the time of purchase. On 31st January, 2018, the shares of XY Ltd. were
traded on a recognized stock exchange at the Fair Market Value of Rs.390 per share.

9. For an assessee, who is a salaried employee who invests in equity shares, what is the benefit available
in respect of securities transaction tax paid by him on sale and acquisition of 100 listed shares of X
Ltd. which has been held by him for 14 months before sale?

(a) Rebate under section 88E is allowable in respect of securities transaction tax paid
(b) STT paid is treated as expenses of transfer and deducted from sale
(c) Capital gains without deducting STT paid is taxable at a concessional rate of 10% on such
capital gains exceeding Rs.1 lakh
(d) Capital gains without deducting STT paid is taxable at concessional rate of 15%.

10. Mr.Rajan provides you the following details with regard to sale of certain securities by him during
F.Y. 2021-22:

i. Sold 10000 shares of A Ltd on 05.04.2021 @ Rs.650 per share

A Ltd is a listed company. These shares were acquired by Mr.Rajan on 05.04.2016 @ Rs.100 per
share. STT was paid both at the time of acquisition as well as at the time of transfer of such
shares which was effected through a recognised stock exchange.

On 31.01.2018, the shares of A Ltd were traded on a recognised stock exchange as under:
Highest Price – Rs.300 per share
Average Price – Rs.290 per share
Lowest Price – Rs.280 per share

ii. Sold 1000 units of B Mutual Fund on 20.04.2021 @ Rs.50 per unit
B Mutual Fund is an equity oriented fund. These units were acquired by Mr.Rajan on 15.04.2017
@ Rs.10 per unit. STT was paid only at the time of transfer of such units. On 31.01.2018, the Net
Asset Value of the units of B Mutual Fund was Rs.55 per unit.

iii. Sold 100 shares of C Ltd on 25.04.2021 @ Rs.300 per share

C Ltd is an unlisted company. These shares were issued by the company as bonus shares on
30.09.1997. The Fair Market Value of these shares as on 01.04.2001 was Rs.50 per share.

Cost Inflation Index: 2001-02 – 100; 2016-17 – 264;

2017-18 – 272; 2021-22 – 317

Calculate the amount chargeable to tax under the head “Capital Gains” and also calculate tax on such
gains for A.Y.2022-23 assuming that the other incomes of Mr.Rajan exceeds the maximum amount
not chargeable to tax. (ignore surcharge and cess). CA – IPCC
 32

Unlisted shares – Original and Bonus shares:

11. Ms.Usha purchases 1,000 equity shares in X Ltd., an unlisted company, at a cost of Rs.30 per share
(brokerage 1%) in January 1996. She gets 100 bonus shares in August 2000. She again gets 1100
bonus shares by virtue of her holding on February 2006. Fair market value of the shares of X Ltd as
on 1st April, 2001 is Rs.80.

On 01.01.2022, she transfers all her shares @ Rs.270 per share (brokerage 2%). Compute the capital
gains. CII for F.Y.2001-02: 100; F.Y.2005-16: 117; F.Y.21-22: 317.

Listed shares sold through stock exchange and STT paid:

12. Mr.Mithun purchased 100 equity shares of M/s.Goodmoney Co. Ltd. on 01.04.2005 at rate of ₹ 1,000
per share in public issue of the company by paying STT.

Company allotted bonus shares in the ratio of 1:1 on 01.12.2020. He has also received dividend of ₹
10 per share on 01.05.2021. He has sold all the shares on 01.10.2021 at the rate of ₹ 4,000 per share
through a recognized stock exchange and paid brokerage of 1% and STT of 0.02% to celebrate his
75th birthday. Fair market value of shares of M/s Goodmoney Co. Ltd. on 31.1.2018 is ₹ 2,000.

Compute total income and tax liability for AY. 2022-23, assuming that he is having no income other
than given above.

Unlisted shares: Original shares, right shares and right entitlements:

13. Mr.R holds 1000 shares in Star Minus Ltd., an unlisted company, acquired in the year 2001-02 at a
cost of Rs.75,000. He has been offered right shares by the company in the month of August, 2021 at
Rs.160 per share, in the ratio of 2 for every 5 held.

He retains 50% of the rights and renounces the balance right shares in favour of Mr.Q for Rs.30 per
share in September 2021.

All the shares are sold by Mr.R for Rs.300 per share in January 2022 and Mr.Q sells his shares in
December 2021 at Rs.280 per share. Compute capital gains in the hands of Mr.R and Mr.Q?

Conversion of capital asset into stock in trade:

14. Mr.Govind purchased 600 shares of "Y" Limited at Rs.130 per share on 26.02.1979. "Y" Limited
issued him 1,200 bonus shares on 20.02.1984. The fair market value of these share at Mumbai Stock
Exchange as on 1.04.2001 was Rs.900 per share and Rs.2,000 per share as on 31.01.2018.

On 31.01.2021 he converted 1000 shares as his stock in trade. The shares were traded at Mumbai
Stock Exchange on that date at a high of Rs.2,200 per share and closed for the day at Rs.2,100 per
share.

On 07.07.2021, Mr.Govind sold all 1800 shares @ Rs.2,400 per share at Mumbai Stock Exchange and
securities transaction tax was paid. Compute total income of Mr.Govind for the assessment-year
2022-23.

Answer:
 33

Year of conversion: 20-21

Year of sale: 21-22

Cost:
Original shares Purchase price FMV as on 01.04.2001 FMV as on 31.01.2018
600 nos. Rs.130 Rs.900 Rs.2000

Rs.900
Or whichever is higher (fmv as on 31.01.2018 does not exceed the sale price)
Rs.2000

Cost:
Bonus shares Purchase price FMV as on 01.04.2001 FMV as on 31.01.2018
1200 0 Rs.900 Rs.2000

Rs.900
Or whichever is higher (fmv as on 31.01.2018 does not exceed the sale price)
Rs.2000

Capital gains on conversion of capital asset into stock in trade:

FMV on the date of conversion (1000 x 2100) 21 lacs (lowest price can be taken)
Less: Cost of acquisition (600 x 2000) + (400 x 2000) 20 lacs
Long term capital gains 1 lacs

The above capital gains shall be taxed in the year in which the stock in trade is sold.

Business income on sale of stock in trade:

Sale value of (1000 shares x 2400) 24 lacs
Less: Cost of acquisition being fmv on the
date of conversion 21 lacs
Business income 3 lacs

Capital gain on sale of remaining 800 shares held as capital asset:

Sale consideration (800 x 2400) 1920000
Less: Cost of acquisition (800 x 2000) 1600000
Long-term capital gains 320000

Note: No indexation for listed shares.

 34

CHAPTER – 11 INCOME FROM OTHER SOURCES

Specific examples:
• Dividend Income
• Casual Income
• Amount received in excess of fmv of shares of a closely held company
• Sum of money or property received by any person (gift)
• Any interest on compensation or enhanced compensation received from the Government
• Advance forfeited due to failure of negotiations for transfer of a capital asset
• Compensation received by any person, in connection with termination of his employment or
the modification of the terms and conditions relating thereto.

Other examples:
• Interest on securities
• Interest on income-tax refund
• Income from sub-letting
• Salary received by a Member of Parliament
• Interest on deposit with a bank, company, etc.
• Keyman insurance policy received on maturity (if not taxed under other heads)
• Income from royalty
• Income from letting of plant and machinery on hire
• Income from letting of plant and machinery and also building being inseparable
• Income from a vacant land
• Interest on employees contribution to unrecognized provident fund received
• Foreign agricultural income
• Family pension received by family members of a deceased employee
• Director’s sitting fee
• Income from undisclosed sources

Casual Income:
Winnings from lotteries, crossword puzzles, races including horse races, card games and other
games of any sort or from gambling or betting of any form or nature.

note: The above incomes are taxed at a flat rate of 30%.

note: Chapter VIA deductions are not available
note: Basic exemption is not available
note: Expenditure incurred for earning such income is not allowed as deduction
note: No loss can be set-off against casual income
note: How to “gross up” if net winning is given?
Net amount received
70%
 35

Important points:
Income under this head is to be computed according to the method of accounting.

Deduction in respect of dividends or income from units of a mutual fund: Actual interest
expenditure or 20% of dividend income (whichever is less) shall be allowed as deduction.

Unexplained cash credit or unexplained investments or unexplained expenditure shall be taxed @

60% plus surcharge @ 25% and cess @ 4% (effective rate 78%). No deduction is allowable in
respect of any expenditure or allowance against such income. Set-off of losses is not permissible
against such income. (refer sum 3 and 4)

Deduction in respect of family pension: Rs.15,000 (or) 33 1/3% of pension received (w.e.l.)

Family pension received by a widow of a member of the armed forces where the death of the
member has occurred IN THE COURSE OF OPERATIONAL DUTIES is exempt from tax u.s.10 (19).
Any ex-gratia received by the widow is also exempt as per Circular issued by the CBDT.

Family pension received by any member of the family of an individual who has been awarded
“Param Vir Chakra” or “Vir Chakra” or “Mahavir Chakra” (gallantry awards) is exempt u.s.10 (18).

Interest on Post Office Savings Account is exempt to the extent of Rs.3,500 in the case of an
individual account and Rs.7,000 in the case of joint account. Section 10 (15). Interest on Public
Provident Fund account is exempt from tax under section 10 (11).

Deductions not allowed:

• Any personal expense of the assessee
• Any payment exceeding Rs.10,000 by way of cash/bearer cheque
• Any payment to a resident without tds (30% shall not be allowed as deduction)
• Any salary or interest which is payable outside India without tds
• Any expenditure in connection with income by way of earnings from lotteries, races, etc.

1. Mr.R (an ordinary resident) furnishes the following details for the A.Y.2022-23:

Agricultural income in India Rs.75,000; Agricultural income in Sri Lanka Rs.90,000; Income from a
vacant land Rs.72,000; Rent received on sub-letting house Rs.3,75,000; Rent payable for house sub-let
Rs.1,50,000; Maintenance expenses on house sublet Rs.12,000.

Interest on deposits with nationalized bank Rs.10,000; Interest on PPF account Rs.6,000; Interest
accrued but not received on NSC VIII issue Rs.8,000 (assessee follows mercantile system of
accounting); Winnings from lottery (net of tax of Rs.30,000) Rs.70,000 (cost of lottery tickets
purchased Rs.1,000). During the year he received an Income-tax refund of Rs.2,30,000 relating to
A.Y.20-21 from the Income-tax Department. Interest included in the above Rs.30,000.

Dividend from Indian companies (gross) Rs.1,00,000 (interest paid on loan taken for the purpose of
investment in shares Rs.21,000). Compute Income From Other Sources.
 36

KEYMAN INSURANCE – POLICY

Keyman insurance policy is a policy taken on the life of one person by another person where the
insured plays a key role in the Organization. The relationship between the two persons may be
that of employer-employee or that of a principal-agent.

Important: Premium paid on such policy is allowed as business expenditure while computing
business income.

On its maturity:
a) If employer-employee relationship exists: Maturity value is taxed in the hands of
employee under the head “Salaries”.

b) Where no employer-employee relationship exists: Maturity value is taxed in the hands of

the person receiving it either as “Business Income” or as “IFOS”.

Note: Amount received on maturity of a life insurance policy is exempt u.s.10(10D) which is
different from keyman insurance policy.

2. Mr.M, Government servant, died on 11.5.2018 while still being in service. In terms of the rules
governing the service, his widow S, is paid a family pension of Rs.9,000 p.m. and dearness
allowance of 1,000 p.m. thereof. For the assessment year 2022-23, is the widow assessable on the
receipt and if so, under what head of income? Is she entitled to any relief or deduction on the
above sum? Discuss.

3. Mr.Raman, aged 64 years, was not able to provide satisfactory explanation to the Assessing Officer
for the investments of Rs.7 lakhs not recorded in the books of accounts. What shall be the tax
payable by him on the value of such investments considered to be deemed income u.s.69?

4. Mr.Ajay is found to be the owner of two gold chains of 50 gms each (market value of which is
Rs.1,45,000 each) during the financial year ending 31.03.2022 but he could offer satisfactory
explanation to the Assessing Officer for Rs.50,000 spent on acquiring these gold chains. As per
section 115BBE, Mr.Ajay would be liable to pay a tax of Rs………………

5. Amit, a captain in Indian army was killed in Kargil border during a war. The widow of Amit was
paid an ex-gratia payment of Rs.8,00,000 in March, 2022, besides the family pension during the
year of Rs.10,000 p.m. She wants to know about the taxability of both the receipts.

6. In the following cases state the head of Income under which the receipt is to be assessed and
comment.

a. X Ltd., lets out its property to Y. Y sublets it. How is subletting receipt to be assessed in
the hands of Y?

b. X has built a house on leasehold land. He has let-out the property and claims the rent
received to be assessed under “other sources” and deducted expenses on repair, security
charges, insurance and collection charges in all amounting to 60% of receipts.
 37

Section 2 (22) (e): DEEMED DIVIDEND:

Any loan or advance given by a closely-held company

a) to its shareholder who beneficially owns at least 10% equity in the company; or
b) to any other person for the benefit of such shareholder; or
c) to “any other concern” where such shareholder owns substantial interest in addition to
10% shareholding in the company

then such loan or advance shall be deemed to be dividend in the hands of the shareholder to the
extent of accumulated profits of the company.

note: A closely-held company is a company in which public have no substantial interest (e.g. a private
company).

note: “Any other concern” mentioned above can be an individual, a huf, a firm or a company.

note: “Substantial Interest” shall mean 20% equity or 20% share of profits in any other concern.

note: “Trade advances” in the nature of commercial transactions cannot be deemed as dividend.

note: Where money-lending is a substantial part of the business of the company (i.e. giving loans), the
above (deemed dividend) provisions are not applicable.

7. Mr.P, a shareholder of a closely held company, holding 16% shares received advances from that
company which is to be deemed as dividend u.s.2(22)(e), hence taxable in the hands of Mr.P. State
whether the statement is true or false.

8. Sanjay holds 16% shares in XYZ Private Limited. The company has given him a loan of Rs.2,00,000
on 01.02.2022. Accumulated profits of the company on that date was Rs.1,75,000. Sanjay repaid
the loan on 31.03.2022. Examine the tax implication, if any, of the above transactions in the hands
of Mr.Sanjay.

9. Rahul holding 28% of equity shares in a company took loan of Rs.5,00,000 from the same company.
On the date of granting the loan, the company had accumulated profits of Rs.4,00,000. The
company is engaged in some manufacturing activity.

a. Is the amount of loan taxable as deemed dividend, if the company is a company in which the
public are substantially interested?

b. What would be your answer, if the lending company is a private limited company (i.e.) a
company in which the public are not substantially interested? (illustration 1 – pg. 4.467)
 38

10. Mr.Rakesh has 15% shareholding in RSL (p) Ltd. and has also 50% share in Rakesh and Sons, a
partnership firm. The accumulated profits of RSL (p) Ltd. is Rs.20 lakhs. Rakesh and Sons had
taken a loan of Rs.25 lakhs, from RSL (p) Ltd. Explain whether the above loan is treated as
dividend, as per the provisions of the Income-tax Act.

INTEREST ON ORIGINAL COMPENSATION (OR) ENHANCED COMPENSATION:

Any interest received on such compensation from the Government shall be taxable in the year of
receipt irrespective of the method of accounting followed by the assessee. Note: A deduction @
50% of the interest received shall be allowed. Section 56(2)(viii)

11. The land of Mr.Ganesh was acquired by NHAI in the year 2018 and since then the litigation was
going on for enhancement of compensation. The issue was resolved on 11.12.2021 and the court
ordered finally to make payment to Mr.Ganesh of the enhanced compensation and the following
amounts for interest on such enhanced compensation.

Financial Year Amount (Rs.)

2018-19 1,15,000
2019-20 2,26,000
2020-21 3,75,000
2021-22 2,14,000

Explain the provisions of the Act and also work out the amount of interest and the assessment year
in which the same shall be taxed.

12. On 10.10.2021, Mr.Govind (a bank employee) received Rs.5,00,000 towards interest on enhanced
compensation from State Government in respect of compulsory acquisition of his land effected
during the financial year 2015-16.

Out of this interest, Rs.1,50,000 relates to the previous year 2016-17, Rs.1,65,000 relates to
previous year 2017-18 and Rs.1,85,000 relates to previous year 2018-19. He incurred Rs.50,000
by way of legal expenses to receive the interest on such enhanced compensation. Discuss the tax
implication, if any, of such interest income for A.Y.2022-23. (question 3 – pg. 4.496)

13. Mr.R whose property was compulsorily acquired in 2018 received enhanced compensation of
Rs.9,00,000 on 15.11.2021 which includes Rs.2,40,000 as interest on such enhanced
compensation. Discuss the taxability of such compensation.
 39

Taxability of Gifts – Section 56(2)(x):

Important: Any sum of money or value of property received without consideration or for
inadequate consideration to be taxed in the hands of the recipient [Section 56(2)(x)]

Different types of gifts:

a. Gift in cash; or
b. Gift of immovable property (land or building); or
c. Gift of movable property: “Movable property” includes the following capital assets: jewellery,
archaeological collections, drawings, paintings, sculptures, work of art, shares and securities
and bullion.

A. CASH:

Received as gift by any person:

Received from relatives is not taxable (any amount)
Received on the occasion of marriage is not taxable
In other cases, cash gift received in excess of Rs.50,000 in AGGREGATE in a year is fully taxable

B. IMMOVABLE PROPERTY RECEIVED:

1. Received as gift (without consideration) by any person:

a. Tax treatment in the hands of transferor:

Gift is not a transfer, capital gain tax is not attracted

b. Tax treatment in the hands of transferee:

In case Stamp Duty Value exceeds Rs.50,000; then SDV is taxable. SDV will be the cost of
acquisition if the asset is sold subsequently by the buyer.

Note: Agricultural land situated in a rural area is not a capital asset, hence not taxable.

2. If purchase price is less than the stamp duty value (i.e. inadequate consideration):

a. Tax treatment in the hands of Seller:

Since it is sold at a price less than the SDV, provisions of Section 50 C will apply for
computation of capital gains. However, if SDV does not exceed 110% of actual sale price,
actual sale price shall be the sale consideration for computing capital gains.

b. Tax treatment in the hands of Buyer:

If the difference between the SDV and the purchase price exceeds Rs.50,000 AND also
exceeds 10%; the difference is taxable.

note: SDV shall be the cost in the hands of the buyer in case of subsequent sale by him.
 40

C. MOVABLE PROPERTY RECEIVED AS GIFT:

1. If received as a gift (without consideration):

a. In the hands of transferor:

Gift is not a transfer, hence no capital gain

b. In the hands of transferee:

Fully taxable if fair market value of the gift exceeds Rs.50,000 in aggregate

2. If purchased for a value which is less than the f.m.v (inadequate consideration):

In the hands of seller:

Capital gain is computed.

In the hands of buyer:

If the difference between f.m.v. and purchase price exceeds Rs.50,000 (in aggregate), the difference
is taxable.

Note: If gift received forms part of stock-in-trade then the above provisions do not apply, hence
no tax implication.

Gift received in the following cases shall not be taxable:

a. Gifts received from relatives
b. Gifts received on the occasion of the marriage of the individual
c. Gifts received under a will or by way of inheritance
d. Gifts received in contemplation of death of the payer
e. Gifts received from registered charitable institution
f. Gifts received from any fund, university, educational institution, hospital, medical
institution, any trust.

“RELATIVE” includes:
1. Spouse of the individual
2. Brother or Sister of the individual
3. Brother or Sister of the spouse of the individual
4. Brother or Sister of either of the parents of the individual
5. Any lineal ascendant or descendant of the individual
6. Any lineal ascendant or descendant of the spouse of the individual

Spouse of the person referred to in items (2) to (6) mentioned above

Note: In case of HUF, any member thereof.

 41

Problems on gifts received and its taxability:

1. Mr.A, the friend of Mr.B, has gifted an immovable property to Mr.B on 01.01.2022 whose stamp
duty value on the date of gift is Rs.45,00,000. What shall be the value of gift in the hands of Mr.B?
Would your answer differ if Mr.B had purchased the above property from Mr.A for Rs.36,00,000?

2. Mr.R purchased an immovable property from Mr.S for Rs.91,00,000 whereas its stamp duty is Re.1
crore. Discuss the tax liability of Mr.R. What will be your answer if the immovable property was
purchased for Rs.90,00,000 instead of Rs.91,00,000?

3. Mr.X sold his residential house to Mr.Y for Rs.10 lakhs on 01.04.2021. The value of the said house
as per Stamp Valuation Authority was Rs.16 lakhs. Mr.Y is a childhood friend of Mr.X. Mr.X gifted
a plot of land (purchased by him on 01.08.2014) to Mr.Y on 01.07.2021. The value as per Stamp
Valuation Authority is Rs.8 lakhs. Mr.Y sold the land on 01.03.2022 at Rs.14 lakhs.

Compute the income of Mr.Y chargeable under the heads “capital gains” and “IFOS”.

4. From the following information, compute the income taxable under the head “Capital Gains” and
“Income from other sources” in the hands of Mr.V:

Mr.D gifted a vacant site to his friend Mr.V on 23.05.2021 on the occasion of latter’s birthday. Mr.D
had acquired the said vacant site in May, 2016 for Rs.30,00,000. The fair market value of the site
for stamp duty purposes on the date of gift i.e., on 23.05.2021 was Rs.60,00,000. Mr.V sold the
vacant site on 15.03.2022 for a consideration of Rs.70,00,000 when its stamp duty value on the
date of sale was Rs.90 lakhs.

5. The following details have been furnished by Mrs.Hema pertaining to the year ended 31.03.2022:

a. Cash gift of Rs.51,000 received from her friend on the occasion of her “Shastiaptha Poorthi”,
a wedding function celebrated on her husband completing 60 years of age. This was also her
25th wedding anniversary.

b. On the above occasion, a diamond necklace worth Rs.2 lacs was gifted by her sister living in
Dubai.

c. When she celebrated her daughter’s wedding on 16.02.2022, her friend assigned in
Mrs.Hema’s favour, a fixed deposit held by the said friend in a scheduled bank; the value of
the fixed deposit and the accrued interest on the said date was Rs.52,000. Compute the
income, if any, assessable as income from other sources. (question 4 – pg. 4.497)

6. Mr.A receives a motor car as gift from his friend on the occasion of birthday on 01.01.2022. The
fair market value of the car is Rs.25,00,000. Compute the sum taxable in the hands of Mr.A.
 42

7. Check the taxability of the following gifts received by Mrs.R during the previous year 2021-22 and
compute the taxable income from gifts for Assessment Year 2022-23:

a. On the occasion of her marriage on 14.8.2021, she has received Rs.90,000 as gift out of
which Rs.70,000 are from relatives and balance from friends
b. On 12.9.2021, she has received gift of Rs.18,000 from cousin of her mother.
c. A cell phone worth Rs.75,000 is gifted by her friend on 15.8.2021.
d. She gets a cash gift of Rs.25,000 from the elder brother of her husband’s grandfather.
e. She has received a cash gift of Rs.12,000 from her friend on 14.4.2021.

8. Mrs.H, who draws a salary of Rs.60,000 p.m. received the following gifts during the p. y. 2021-22:

Gift of Rs.1,50,000 on 15.05.2021 from her close friend

Gift of jewellery worth Rs.3,00,000 on 01.08.2021 from her fiancee
Gift of Rs.51,000 each received from her two friends on the occasion of her marriage
Gift of Rs.51,000 on 01.12.2021 from her father’s sister
Gift of Rs.25,000 on 12.01.2022 from her family friend
Gift of Rs.11,000 on 12.02.2022 from her brother’s mother-in-law
Gift of Rs.75,000 from her sister-in-law

Compute her gross total income for the assessment year 2022-23.

9. Mr.R receives Rs.10 lakhs from his relatives and the parents of his wife on the occasion of their
marriage. He also receives one car and large amount of jewellery from the parents of his wife.
Further he receives aggregate sum of Rs.6,00,000 from persons other than relatives on the said
occasion. Discuss the taxability of such gifts.

OTHER PROVISIONS:

Section 56(2)(viib): Where a CLOSELY-HELD COMPANY issues shares to a RESIDENT at a

premium and the issue price is more than the fair market value then the difference between the
issue price and the fair market value shall be chargeable to tax.

Section 56(2)(viib) is attracted if the following two conditions are satisfied:

Condition 1: Shares are to be issued at a premium (not at par or discount) &
Condition 2: Issue price should be higher than the fair market value

The above provisions are not applicable in the following cases:

a. In the case of a company in which public are substantially interested
b. If shares are not issued at premium
 43

10. X Pvt Ltd (a closely-held company) issues 20,000 shares to Mr.A (a resident) on 06.04.2021. These
shares are issued in one of the following situations:

Different situations
A B C D
Face value per share (in Rs.) 10 10 10 10
Issue price per share 10 9 40 40
Fair market value of such share 3 4 42 31

11. MLX Investments (P) Ltd. was incorporated during P.Y.2019-20 having a paid up capital of Rs.10
lakhs. In order to increase its capital, the company further issues, 1,00,000 shares (having face
value of Rs.100 each) during the year at par as on 01.08.2021. The FMV of such share as on
01.08.2021 was Rs.85.

(i) Determine the tax implications of the above transaction in the hands of the company,
assuming it is the only transaction made during the year.

(ii) Will your answer change, if shares were issued at Rs.105 each?

(iii) What will be your answer, if shares were issued at Rs.105 and FMV of the share was Rs.120
as on 01.08.2021?

ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS FROM THE INSTITUTE MATERIAL:

1. Mr.A, a dealer in shares, received the following without consideration during the P.Y. 2021-22
from his friend Mr.B:-

(1) Cash gift of Rs.75,000 on his anniversary, 15th April, 2021.

(2) Bullion, the fair market value of which was Rs.60,000, on his birthday, 19th June, 2021.

(3) A plot of land at Faridabad on 1st July, 2021, the stamp value of which is Rs.5 lakh on that date.
Mr.B had purchased the land in April, 2009. On 1st March, 2022, he sold the land at Faridabad for
Rs.7 lakh.

Mr.A purchased from his friend Mr.C, who is also a dealer in shares, 1000 shares of X Ltd. @ Rs.400
each on 19th June, 2021, the fair market value of which was Rs.600 each on that date. Mr. A sold
these shares in the course of his business on 23rd June, 2021.

Further, on 1st November, 2021, Mr. A took possession of property (building) booked by him two
years back at Rs.20 lakh. The stamp duty value of the property as on 1 st November, 2021 was Rs.32
lakh and on the date of booking was Rs.23 lakh. He had paid Re.1 lakh by account payee cheque as
down payment on the date of booking.

Compute “IFOS” and “Capital Gains” for A.Y. 2022-23. (illustration 2 – pg. 4.478)
 44

2. Mr.Hari, a share broker, sold a building to his friend Rajesh, who is a dealer in automobile spare
parts, for Rs.90 lakh on 1.1.2022, when the stamp duty value was Rs.150 lakh. The agreement was,
however, entered into on 1.9.2021 when the stamp duty value was Rs.140 lakh. Mr.Hari had
received a down payment of Rs.15 lakh by a crossed cheque from Rajesh on the date of agreement.
Discuss the tax implications in the hands of Hari and Rajesh, assuming that Mr.Hari has purchased
the building for Rs.75 lakh on 12th July, 2020. (illustration 4 – pg. 4.481)

3. Discuss the taxability or otherwise of the following in the hands of the recipient u.s.56(2)(x): -

(i) Nitisha, a member of her father’s HUF, transferred a house property to the HUF without
consideration. The stamp duty value of the house property is Rs.9,00,000.

(ii) Mr.Akshat received 100 shares of A Ltd. from his friend as a gift on occasion of his 25th
marriage anniversary. The fair market value on that date was Rs.100 per share. He also received
jewellery worth Rs.45,000 (FMV) from his nephew on the same day.

(iii) Kishan HUF gifted a car to son of Karta for achieving good marks in XII board examination.
The fair market value of the car is Rs.5,25,000. (illustration 3 – pg. 4.479)

4. Examine under which heads the following incomes are taxable: (question 1 – pg. 4.494)
• Rental income in case property held as stock-in-trade for 3 years
• Dividend on shares in case of a dealer in shares
• Salary received by a partner from his partnership firm
• Rental income of machinery
• Winnings from lotteries by a person having the same as business activity
• Salaries payable to a Member of Parliament
• Receipts without consideration
• In case of retirement, interest on employee’s contribution if provident fund is unrecognized.
• Rental income in case of a person engaged in the business of letting out of properties.

5. Examine the following transactions in the context of Income-tax Act, 1961:

(i) Mr.B transferred 500 shares of R (P) Ltd. to M/s.B Co. (P) Ltd. on 10.10.2021 for Rs.3,00,000
when the market price was Rs.5,00,000. The indexed cost of acquisition of shares for Mr.B was
computed at Rs.4,45,000. The transfer was not subjected to securities transaction tax.

Determine the income chargeable to tax in the hands of Mr.B and M/s.B Co. (P) Ltd. because of the
above said transaction.

(ii) Mr.Chezian is employed in a company with taxable salary income of Rs.5,00,000. He received
a cash gift of Rs.1,00,000 from Atma Charitable Trust (registered under section 12AA) in December
2021 for meeting his medical expenses. Is the cash gift so received from the trust chargeable to
tax in the hands of Mr.Chezian? (question 5 – pg. 4.498)
MCQs:
 45

1. A private limited company engaged in manufacturing activity had general reserve of Rs.20 lakhs. It granted
a loan of Rs.5 lakhs to a director who held 13% shareholding cum voting rights in the company. The said
loan was re-paid by him before the end of the year. The amount of deemed dividend arising out of the above
transaction is:

(a) Rs.2,60,000
(b) Rs.2,40,000
(c) Rs.5,00,000
(d) Nil

2. Comfort (Pvt.) Ltd. issued 10,000 equity shares to Pawan at Rs.18 per share when the fair market value of
each share was determined at Rs.11 per share. The tax implication of the transaction is:

(a) Rs.70,000 taxable as income for Comfort (Pvt.) Ltd.

(b) Rs.20,000 taxable as income for Pawan
(c) Rs.10,000 taxable as income for Pawan
(d) Nil

3. Agni (P.) Ltd. issued equity shares of Rs.10 each at Rs.40 per share. The fair market value of the share on
the date of issue was ascertained as Rs.25 per share. The company issued 1,00,000 equity shares. The
amount liable to tax in the hands of the company would be:

(a) Rs.15,00,000
(b) Rs.30,00,000
(c) Nil
(d) Rs.40,00,000

4. Libra Pvt. Ltd. engaged in trading activity had accumulated profits of Rs.15,00,000 as on 1.4.2021.
Mr.Gautam having 30% of the equity shares and voting rights in the company received Rs.5 lakhs as loan
on 1-6-2021 from the company. The loan was repaid by him on 30-11-2021. The amount liable to tax in
the hands of Mr. Gautam as deemed dividend is:

(a) Rs.4,50,000
(b) Rs.15,00,000
(c) Rs.5,00,000
(d) Rs.1,50,000

5. HSK, an LLP had taken keyman insurance policy on the life of its managing partner. The policy got matured
on 13th September, 2021 and an amount of Rs.75 lakh was paid by the insurers to the managing partner.
The amount so received on maturity of the policy by the managing partner is:

(a) Fully exempt u/s 10 (10D)

(b) 50% of Rs.75 lakhs exempt
(c) Rs.75 lakhs taxable
(d) Rs.25 lakhs exempt and Rs.50 lakh taxable.
 46

6. Raman & Co., a partnership firm, received Rs.5,00,000 from an insurance company under keyman insurance
policy consequent to demise of partner Pramod. The amount of premium Rs.2,30,000 paid earlier was
claimed as deduction under section 37 by the firm. The amount received from the insurance company is:

(a) Tax-free under section 10(10D)

(b) Fully taxable as income
(c) Rs.2,70,000 is taxable
(d) Rs.2,30,000 is taxable

7. A Member of Parliament received Rs.1,50,000 per month as salary and Rs.4,50,000 as daily allowances
during PY 2021-2022. The taxable amount will be:

(a) Salary Rs.18,00,000

(b) Income from profession Rs.22,50,000
(c) Income from other sources Rs.18,00,000
(d) Nil

8. Mr.Kashyap has acquired a building from his friend on 10.10.2021 for Rs.15,00,000. The stamp duty value
of the building on the date of purchase is Rs.16,20,000. Income chargeable to tax in the hands of Mr.Kashyap
is:

(a) Rs.70,000
(b) Rs.50,000
(c) Nil
(d) Rs.1,20,000

9. Mr.X aged, 61 years, received dividend of Rs.12,00,000 from ABC Ltd. in P.Y.2021-22. Interest on loan taken
for the purpose of investment in ABC Ltd., is Rs.3,00,000. Income included in the hands of Mr. X for P.Y.
2021-22 would be:–

(a) Rs.12,00,000
(b) Rs.9,60,000
(c) Rs.9,00,000
(d) Rs.2,00,000

10. Mr.Mayank has received a sum of Rs.75,000 on 24.10.2021 from his friend on the occasion of his marriage
anniversary. What would be the taxability of the said sum in the hands of Mr.Mayank?

(a) Entire Rs.75,000 is chargeable to tax.

(b) Entire Rs.75,000 is exempt from tax
(c) Only Rs.25,000 is chargeable to tax
(d) Only 50% i.e., Rs.37,500 is chargeable to tax
 47
Answers to ifos

1. Received as gift:
Taxable value in the hands of Mr.B is Rs.45,00,000 (SDV > Rs.50,000) under the head “IFOS”

If purchased for inadequate consideration by Mr.B

Taxable value in the hands of Mr.B is Rs.9,00,000 (difference is > 10% and also > Rs.50,000)

2. In the hands of Mr.R (buyer)

SDV of the property 10000000
(-) Purchase price 9100000
Difference 900000

Difference > Rs.50000 but SDV is not more than 110% of purchase price (109.89%). Hence taxable
value is nil

Case B:
SDV of the property 10000000
(-) Purchase price 9000000
Difference 1000000

Difference > Rs.50000 and SDV is more than 110% of purchase price (111.11%). Hence taxable
value is Rs.10 lacs.

3. In the hands of Mr.Y:

A. Income from other sources: Taxable value

a. Purchased for inadequate consideration: Rs.6,00,000 (difference is taxable) (16L/10L)
(difference is more than 10% and also
more than Rs.50,000)

b. Received as gift: Rs.8,00,000 (SDV > Rs.50,000)

Rs.14 lakhs

B. Capital gains:
Sale consideration Rs.14,00,000
Less: Cost of acquisition Rs.8,00,000 (SDV on the date of gift)
Short term capital gain Rs.6,00,000

4. In the hands of Mr.V

Income from other sources: Taxable value

Received as a gift Rs.60,00,000 (SDV on the date of gift)

Capital gains:
Sale consideration Rs.90,00,000 (section 50C) (SDV > 110% of actual sale price)
Less: Cost of acquisition Rs.60,00,000 (SDV on the date of gift)
Short term capital gain Rs.30,00,000 (POH < 24 months)
 48
Answers to ifos

5. Cash gift received on the occasion of Shastiaptha Poorthi (fully taxable) 51,000
Diamond necklace from her sister (relative) not taxable
Gift from friend on the occasion of daughter’s marriage 52,000
Income from other sources 1,03,000

6. Car is not included in the definition of property for the purpose of section 56(2)(x), therefore, the
same shall not be taxable.

7. Gift on the occasion of marriage not taxable

Gift from cousin of her mother (not relative) Rs.18,000
Cell phone (not a capital asset) not taxable
Gift from non-relative Rs.25,000
Cash gift from friend Rs.12,000
Income from other sources (aggregate > Rs.50,000) Rs.55,000

8. Gift received from close friend Rs.1,50,000

Jewellery from fiancee Rs.3,00,000
Gift received on the occasion of marriage not taxable
Gift received from father’s sister (relative) not taxable
Gift from family friend (aggregate exceeds Rs.50,000) Rs.25,000
Gift from her brother’s mother-in-law (not relative) Rs.11,000
Gift from sister-in-law (relative) not taxable
Income from other sources Rs.4,86,000
Income from salary (7,20,000 – 50,000) Rs.6,70,000
Gross Total Income Rs.11,56,000

9. All the gifts are not taxable

10. Where a closely-held company issues shares to a resident at a premium & issue price exceeds the
fmv., the difference between the issue price & the fmv. shall be treated as ‘income’ in the hands of
the company.

Shares are issued at par. Section 56(2)(viib) is not applicable.

Shares are issued at discount. Section 56(2)(viib) is not applicable.
Shares are issued at a premium. Issue price does not exceed f.m.v. Hence not applicable.
Shares are issued at a premium & Issue price exceeds f.m.v. Section 56(2)(viib) is applicable.
Taxable amount Rs.1,80,000 (9 x 20,000)

11. Where a closely-held company issues shares to a resident at a premium & issue price exceeds the
fmv., the difference between the issue price & the fmv. shall be treated as ‘income’ in the hands of
the company.

i. Shares are issued at par. Hence section 56(2)(viib) is not applicable.

ii. Shares are issued at a premium & Issue price exceeds f.m.v. Section 56(2)(viib) is applicable.
Taxable amount (105-85)*1,00,000 = Rs.20 lakhs
iii. Shares are issued at a premium but issue price does not exceed the fmv. Section 56(2)(viib) is
not applicable.
 49
Answers to ifos

1. In the hands of Mr.A:

A. INCOME FROM OTHER SOURCES:

Cash gift exceeding Rs.50,000 (fully taxable) 75,000
Bullion (f.m.v exceeding Rs.50,000) (fully taxable) 60,000
Land received as gift (SDV exceeds Rs.50,000) 5,00,000
Shares received as gift (stock-in-trade) not taxable
(gift provisions not applicable for stock-in-trade)
Property purchased for inadequate consideration
(difference between SDV and purchase price) (DOA) 3,00,000 (a/c. payee cheque)
Income from other sources 9,35,000

B. CAPITAL GAINS:
Sale value of land at Faridabad 7,00,000
Less: Cost of acquisition being the stamp duty value
on the date of gift when received 5,00,000
Short term capital gains 2,00,000

2. Mr.Hari is a stock broker:

Capital gains in the hands of Mr.Hari

Sale value of building (Section 50C) (SDV on the date of agreement) 150 lakhs
Less: Purchase price of the building 75 lakhs
STCG 75 lakhs

Note: SDV on the date of registration shall be considered, as advance was not received by a/c. payee
cheque or a/c. payee bank draft or ecs.

Income from other sources in the hands of Mr.Rajesh:

Stamp Duty Value on the date of registration 150 lakhs
Less: Purchased by Mr.Rajesh from Mr.Hari for 90 lakhs
Income from other sources (diff > Rs.50,000 and > 10%) 60 lakhs

Note: SDV on the date of registration shall be considered, as advance was paid not by way of
account payee cheque or account payee bank draft or through ECS.

4. Income from house property

Income from other sources
Business or Profession
Business income or Income from other sources
Income from other sources
Income from other sources (no employer-employee relationship)
Income from other sources (gift)
Income from other sources
Business income (as per Supreme Court judgment)
 50

CHAPTER – 12 DEPRECIATION
Conditions for claiming depreciation:
• Should be the owner of the asset (fractional or joint ownership is also recognized)
• The asset must be put to use in business (not active use but passive use)
• The assets should fall within the eligible classification of assets

Important points:
• Depreciation claim is mandatory (not an option)
• Registration is not compulsory to claim depreciation
• Allowed on the system of “block of assets”
• Allowed on the basis of “written down value” method
• No depreciation is allowed on land
• No depreciation for assets purchased by way of cash exceeding Rs.10,000

Block of Assets:
“Block of Assets” means a group of assets falling within a class of assets comprising,
a) tangible assets, being building, machinery, plant or furniture;

b) intangible assets, being know-how, patents, copyrights, trademarks, licences,

franchises or any other business or commercial rights of similar nature, in respect
of which the same percentage of depreciation is prescribed.

note: An assessee may have 9 different blocks of assets as under

Buildings ------ 3 blocks (5%, 10%, and 40%)
Furniture and fittings ------ 1 block 10%
Plant and machinery ------ 4 blocks (15%, 20%, 30%, 40%)
Intangible assets ------ 1 block 25%

Plant includes ships, vehicles, books, scientific apparatus and surgical equipments.
Building includes roads, bridges, culverts, wells and tube wells.
Goodwill does not qualify for depreciation (new amendment)

How to compute depreciation?

Written down value as on 1.4.2021 xxx
Add: Purchases to the block xxx
xxx
Less: Amount realized through sale, etc. xxx
Less: Depreciation as per section 32 xxx
Written down value as on 1.4.2022 xxx
 51

If the asset is acquired during the previous year (first year) and put to use for:
a. Less than 180 days: Only 50% of the depreciation is allowed
b. 180 days or more: Full depreciation is allowed

note: The above provision is only for year of purchase and not for subsequent years. For
subsequent years, full depreciation is allowed.

note: No depreciation if WDV is reduced to zero or where the block ceases to exist.

In other words, depreciation is allowed only if the following two conditions are satisfied:
a) Block should exist (i.e. there should be an asset in the block)
b) Written down value of the block should not be zero.

On sale of entire block or part of the block:

A.Where ENTIRE block is sold: The result is either STCG or STCL

If the sale value > the opening w.d.v. plus additions made during the year: STCG
If the sale value < the opening w.d.v. plus additions made during the year: STCL

B.Where PART of the block is sold:

If sale value is less than w.d.v. of the block: Depreciation is allowed
If sale value is more than w.d.v. of the block: Short-term capital gain

Depreciation on Actual Cost:

Revaluation of assets does not have any impact under the IT Act. Depreciation is allowed only
on the actual cost of the asset and not on the revalued figure.

Is it mandatory to claim depreciation or is it an option?

Yes it is mandatory for the assessee to claim depreciation. Depreciation shall be allowed whether
or not the assessee has claimed depreciation in computing his total income.

note: GST paid on purchase of an asset shall not be included in the cost if ITC is availed.

note: Any subsidy or grant received from the Government in connection with purchase of an
asset shall not be included in the cost of such asset.

Rates of depreciation:
Computers: 40%; Cars: 15%; Buildings (commercial): 10%;
Furniture: 10%; Ships: 20% Residential quarters: 5%;
Aeroplanes: 40%; Books: 40% Plant and machinery (generally): 15%
Books (annual publication): 40%
 52

note: Motor cars acquired during the period from 23.08.2019 to 31.03.2020 and put to use
before 31.03.2020 shall qualify for 30% depreciation.

note: Motor buses, motor lorries, motor taxis used in a business of running them on hire,
acquired during the period from 23.08.2019 to 31.03.2020 and put to use before
31.03.2020 shall qualify for 45% depreciation.

ADDITIONAL DEPRECIATION on new plant and machinery:

Conditions for claiming additional depreciation – Section 32(1)(iia)

• It should be:
− a manufacturing unit; or
− an assessee engaged in the business of generation or transmission or
distribution of power.

• Rate of additional depreciation is 20% of cost of new plant and machinery acquired
and installed in a previous year

Additional Depreciation is NOT available in the following cases:

• Not available for assets like building or furniture
• Not available for assets like ships or aircrafts
• Should not be a second-hand machinery
• Machinery or plant used in any office premises or any residential premises
• Office appliances or road transport vehicles.
• Machinery or plant where whole of the cost is allowed as deduction in one year.

note: If the new machinery is put to use for less than 180 days: Additional depreciation is
allowed @ 10% (50% of 20%) and balance 10% shall be allowed in the next year.

note: Additional depreciation is allowed every year on the new investment made.

CBDT Circular: Business of printing or printing and publishing amounts to manufacture or

production of any article or thing and is therefore eligible for additional depreciation.
 53

Problems:
1. The following are the assets owned by X as on 1.4.2021:
Asset Rate of Depreciation
Building A 10%
Building B 10%
Building C 5%
Building D 40%
Machinery A 15%
Machinery B 15%
Machinery C 40%
Machinery D 15%
Car X 15%
Furniture and fixtures 10%
Patent rights 25%
Technical know-how 25%

Classify the assets into different block of assets.

2. The w.d.v. of a block (machinery, rate of depreciation 15%) as on 31.03.2021 is Rs.3,20,000.

A machinery costing Rs.50,000 was acquired on 01.09.2021 but put to use on 01.11.2021.
During January, 2022, part of this block was sold for Rs.2,00,000. The depreciation for
A.Y.22-23 would be:-

A. 21,750 B. 25,500 C. 21,125 D. None of these

3. A motor car is the only asset in a block. Cost Rs.2,00,000. Rate of depreciation is 15%. 20%
is disallowed for estimated personal use. WDV of the block is Rs…………………………..

ASSETS MEANT FOR PERSONAL USE AND LATER BROUGHT INTO BUSINESS:

Building used for personal purpose and subsequently brought into business use:
The cost of the building as reduced by notional depreciation calculated up to the year of
bringing the asset to business use will be the cost for the purpose of claiming depreciation.

However, this provision does not apply to any other asset (for eg. car, computer, furniture)
and therefore the original cost will be the cost for the purpose of depreciation.

4. Ram introduced his building costing Rs.10,00,000 acquired in April, 2017 into business
newly commenced by him from 01.04.2021. The actual cost of building for the purpose of
depreciation for the assessment year 2022-23 would be Rs.
 54

A. 10,00,000 B. 5,90,490 C. 6,56,100 D. None of these

5. A car purchased by Mr.S on 10.08.2018 for Rs.5,25,000 for personal use is brought into the
business of the assessee on 01.07.2021, when its market value is Rs.2,50,000. Compute the
actual cost of the car and the amount of depreciation for the Assessment Year 2022-23
assuming the rate of depreciation is 15%.

6. Mr.X furnishes the following details pertaining to the financial year 2021-2022:-

Description Plant Building Patents

Rate of depreciation 15% 10% 25%

Opening balance as on 01.04.2021 14,50,000 25,00,000 15,00,000

Acquired before 30.09.2021 12,00,000 nil 5,00,000
Acquired after 01.12.2021 4,00,000 18,00,000 nil
One of 2 patents transferred in March 2022 nil nil 3,00,000

A machinery acquired in July 2021 (original cost Rs.1,50,000) was destroyed by fire and the
assessee received compensation of Rs.50,000 from the insurance company. Newly acquired
building given above includes value of land of Rs.3,00,000. Calculate the eligible
depreciation claim for the assessment year 2022-23.

7. A newly qualified Chartered Accountant Mr.Dhaval, commenced practice and has acquired
the following assets in his office during F.Y.2021-2022 at the cost shown against each item.
Assume that all the assets were purchased by way of account payee cheque. Calculate
depreciation that can be claimed from his professional income for A.Y. 2022-23:

Sl. Description Date of Date when Amount

No. acquisition put to use
1. Computer including
computer software 27.09.2021 1.10.2021 35,000

2. Computer UPS 02.10.2021 8.10.2021 8,500

3. Computer printer 1.10.2021 1.10.2021 12,500

4. Books (other than

annual publications
are of Rs.12,000) 1.04.2021 1.04.2021 13,000
 55

5. Office furniture
(acquired from a
practising CA) 1.04.2021 1.04.2021 3,00,000

6. Laptop 26.09.2021 8.10.2021 43,000

SHARING OF DEPRECIATION IN THE CASE OF CONVERSION OR TAKE OVER:

Total depreciation allowable in the year of SUCCESSION to the PREDECESSOR and the
SUCCESSOR is to be restricted to depreciation allowable as if succession had not taken
place, and such depreciation is to be apportioned on the basis of NUMBER OF DAYS used
by each of them.

8. Mr.Gopi carrying on business as proprietor converted the same into a limited company by name
Gopi Pipes (P) Ltd. from 01-07-2021. The details of the assets are given below:

Rs.
Block - I WDV of P&M (rate of depreciation @ 15%) on 01.04.2021 12,00,000
Block - II WDV of building (rate of depreciation @ 10%) on 01.04.2021 25,00,000

The company Gopi Pipes (P) Ltd. acquired P&M in December 2021 for Rs.10,00,000. It has been
doing the business from 01-07-2021. Compute the quantum of depreciation to be claimed by
Mr.Gopi and successor Gopi Pipes (P) Ltd. for the assessment year 2022-2023.

Assume that plant and machinery were purchased by way of account payee cheque. Note: Ignore
additional depreciation.

9. M/s.R & Co., a sole proprietary concern is converted into a company, R Ltd. with effect from
29.11.2021. The written down value of assets as on 01.04.2021 is as follows:

Item Rate of depreciation WDV as on 01.04.2021

Building 10% 3,50,000
Furniture 10% 50,000
Plant and Machinery 15% 2,00,000

Further, on 15.10.2021, M/s.R & Co. purchased a plant for Rs.1,00,000 (rate of depreciation
15%). After conversion, the company added another plant worth Rs.50,000 (rate of depreciation
15%). Compute the depreciation available to: (i) M/s.R & Co. & (ii) R Ltd. for
A.Y.2022-2023.
Problems on Additional Depreciation:
10. X Ltd, a manufacturing concern, furnishes the following particulars:
 56

Opening WDV of the block of plant and machinery Rs.5,00,000

Purchase of plant and machinery (put to use before October 1, 2021) Rs.2,00,000
Sale proceeds of plant and machinery which became obsolete
(it was purchased on 01.04.2019 for Rs.5,00,000) Rs.5,000

Further, out of purchase of plant and machinery, machinery of Rs.20,000 has been installed in
office and another machinery of Rs.20,000 was used previously for the purpose of business by
the seller. Compute depreciation and additional depreciation for the A.Y. 2022-23.

11. Mr.A is engaged in the business of generation and distribution of electric power. He always opts
to claim depreciation on written down value for income tax purposes. From the following details,
compute the depreciation allowable for the A.Y.2022-23:

i. Opening WDV of block (15% rate)

42,00,000
ii. New machinery purchased on 12.10.2021
10,00,000
iii. Machinery imported from China on 12.04.2021. This
machine had been used only in China earlier and
the assessee is the first user in India 9,00,000
iv. New computer installed in generation wing of the unit on 15.07.2021 2,00,000

All assets were purchased by A/c payee cheque.

12. Mr.Venus., engaged in manufacture of pesticides, furnishes the following particulars relating to
its manufacturing unit at Chennai, for the year ending 31-3-2022:

(in lakhs)
Opening WDV of Plant and Machinery 20
New machinery purchased on 1-9-2021 10
New machinery purchased on 1-12-2021 8
Computer purchased on 3-1-2022 4

Additional information:
• All assets were purchased by A/c. payee cheque
• All assets were put to use immediately.
• New machinery purchased on 01.12.2021 and computer have been installed in the office.

During the year ended 31-3-2021, a new machinery had been purchased on 31-10-2020, for
Rs.10 lacs. Additional depreciation, besides normal depreciation, had been claimed thereon.
Depreciation rate for machinery may be taken as 15%.

Compute the depreciation available to the assessee as per the provisions of the Income-tax
Act, 1961 and the WDV of different blocks of assets as on 31-3-2022.
 57

13. Mr.R resides in Delhi. As per new rule in the city, private cars can be plied in the city only on
alternate days. He has purchased a car on 21-09-2021, for the purpose of his business as per
following details:

Cost of car (excluding GST) 12,00,000

Add: Delhi GST at 14% 1,68,000
Add: Central GST at 14% 1,68,000
Total price of car 15,36,000

He estimates the usage of the car for personal purposes will be 25%. He is advised that since the
car has run only on alternate days, half the depreciation, which is otherwise allowable, will be
actually allowed. He has started using the car immediately after purchase. Determine the
depreciation allowable on car for the AY 2022-23, if this is the only asset in the block. Rate of
depreciation may be taken at 15%.

If this car were to be used in the subsequent Assessment Year 2023-24 on the same terms and
conditions above, what will be the depreciation allowable? Assume that there is no change in
the legal position under.

14. Mr.Tenzingh is engaged in composite business of growing and curing (further processing) coffee
in Coorg, Karnataka. The whole of coffee grown in his plantation is cured. Relevant information
pertaining to the year ended 31.3.2022 are given below:
Rs.
WDV of car as on 1.4.2021 3,00,000
WDV of machinery as on 1.4.2021 (15% rate) 15,00,000
Expenses incurred for growing coffee 3,10,000
Expenditure for curing coffee 3,00,000
Sale value of cured coffee 22,00,000

Besides being used for agricultural operations, the car is also used for personal use; disallowance
for personal use may be taken at 20%. The expenses incurred for car running and maintenance
are Rs.50,000. The machines were used in coffee curing business operations. Compute the
income arising from the above activities for the assessment year 2022-2023. Show the WDV of
the assets as on 1.4.2022.

15. Mr.Gamma, a proprietor started a business on 01.01.2021 for manufacture of tyres and tubes for
motor vehicles. The manufacturing unit was set up on 01.05.2021. He commenced his
manufacturing operations on 01.06.2021. The total cost of the plant and machinery installed in
the unit is Rs.120 crore. The said plant and machinery included second hand machinery bought
for Rs.20 crore and new machinery for scientific research relating to the business of the assesse
acquired at a cost of Rs.15 crore.

Compute the amount of depreciation allowable under section 32. Assume that all the assets were
purchased by of account payee cheque.
 58

16. A manufacturing company was transporting two of its machines from unit ‘A’ to unit ‘B’ (which
is at a distance of 100 miles) on September 1, 2021 by a truck. The written down value of this
block of assets as on 01.04.2021 is Rs.4,80,000.

On account of a civil disturbance, both the machines were damaged. The insurance company
paid Rs.5,00,000 for the damaged machineries. On these facts, for submitting the return of
income for the previous year ending March 31, 2022, your advise is sought as to:

a. Whether the damage of machines results in any transfer?

b. How the amounts received from the insurance company are to be treated for taxability?

17. Compute the quantum of depreciation available u/s.32 of the Income-tax Act, 1961 in respect of
the following items of Plant and Machinery purchased by Gupta Textile Ltd., which has set up a
manufacturing unit Andhra Pradesh to manufacture textile fabrics during the year 2021-22. Also
compute the WDV of the block of assets as at the year end.

Particulars Amount (Rs. in Crore)

New Machinery installed on 01-05-2021 84

Items purchased after 30th November, 2021:

Lorries for transporting goods to sales depots 3
Fork-lift-trucks, used inside factory 4
New imported machinery 12

The new imported machinery arrived at Chennai port on 30-03-2022 and was installed on 03-
04-2022. All others items were installed and put to use during the year ended 31-03-2022.

MCQs:
1. Additional depreciation on the factory building constructed during the PY 2021-22 and put to use for
manufacturing of garments on 1st February, 2022 having cost of Rs.100 lakhs shall be allowed in AY
2022-23 at a rate of:

(a) 20%
(b) 10%
(c) 15%
(d) Nil

2. Dr.Sen has surgical equipment whose WDV as on 1.4.2021 was Rs.4,10,000. He acquired some more
equipment in December 2021 for Rs.3,50,000. He sold an equipment in March 2022 for Rs.2,00,000
whose original cost was Rs.1,70,000. The written down value of the block for the purpose of
computing depreciation for the assessment year 2022-23 is:

(a) Rs.5,90,000
(b) Rs.5,60,000
(c) Rs.7,30,000
(d) Rs.4,30,000
 59

3. Madhu Ltd. owns machinery (rate of depreciation is 15%) the written down value of which as on 1st
April, 2021 Rs.30,00,000. Due to fire, entire assets in the block were destroyed and the insurer paid
Rs.25,00,000. The eligible depreciation in respect of this machinery is:

(a) Rs.4,50,000
(b) Rs. 75,000
(c) Rs.5,00,000
(d) Nil

4. Vaibhav, deriving business income, owns a car whose WDV as on 1st April, 2020 was Rs.3,00,000.
This is the only asset in the block of assets with rate of 15%. It is estimated that one-third of the total
usage of the car is for personal use in both years. The WDV of the block of assets as on 31st March,
2022 would be:

(a) Rs.2,16,750
(b) Rs.2,43,000
(c) Rs.2,55,000
(d) None of the above

5. Ramson Industries acquired a factory building for self-use in November, 2021. The value of land
underneath the building was Rs.5 lakh and value of building was Rs.10 lakh. The amount of eligible
depreciation allowable for assessment year 2022- 23 is:

(a) Rs.1,50,000
(b) Rs.25,000
(c) Rs.1,00,000
(d) Rs.50,000

6. The WDV of the block of asset of P & M depreciated @ 15% as on 1st April, 2021 was of Rs.13,50,000.
Out of this block, one machine was sold on 1st July, 2021 for Rs.4,50,000 and a new machine of
Rs.7,50,000 was purchased on 1st August, 2021 which could be put to use from 1st March, 2022. The
amount of depreciation (excluding additional depreciation) to be claimed on the block of plant &
machinery in the computation of income for A.Y. 2022-23 shall be:

(a) Rs.1,35,000
(b) Rs.2,47,500
(c) Rs.1,91,250
(d) Rs.2,53,125

7. Zed Ltd., a domestic company engaged in manufacturing activity acquired a plant for Rs.5 lakhs on
7.1.2022 which is eligible for depreciation @ 15%. It paid Rs.4 lakh through ECS system from bank
and balance Rs.1 lakh in cash on23.02.2022. The plant was put to use on 12.3.2022. The amount of
depreciation (normal and additional) on this plant for AY 2022-23 shall be:
 60

(a) Rs.40,000
(b) Rs.30,000
(c) Rs.70,000
(d) Rs.60,000

8. Mr.X, a retailer acquired furniture on 10th May 2021 for Rs.10,000 in cash and on 15th May 2021, for
Rs.15,000 and Rs.20,000 by a bearer cheque and account payee cheque, respectively. Depreciation
allowable for A.Y.2022-23 would be:-

(a) Rs.2,000
(b) Rs.3,000
(c) Rs.3,500
(d) Rs.4,500

9. The WDV of a block (plant and machinery 15%) as on 01.04.2021 is Rs.3,20,000. A second hand
machinery costing Rs.50,000 was acquired on 01.09.2021 through account payee cheque but put to
use on 01.11.2021. During January, 2022, part of this block was sold for Rs.2,00,000. The
depreciation for A.Y. 2022-23 would be:

(a) Rs.21,750
(b) Rs.25,500
(c) Rs.21,125
(d) Rs.12,750

10. Depreciation whether to be allowed on the purchase and installation of a fire extinguisher by a
practicing CA in his office, even when the same is not put to use or used during the year of
acquisition as stipulated under section 32:

(a) No, failure to use for the profession

(b) Yes, kept stand by, treated as passive use and eligible for deprn @ 15%
(c) Yes, allowable @ 10% of the cost
(d) Yes, allowable @ 50% of the cost
 50

CHAPTER – 12 DEPRECIATION
Conditions for claiming depreciation:
• Should be the owner of the asset (fractional or joint ownership is also recognized)
• The asset must be put to use in business (not active use but passive use)
• The assets should fall within the eligible classification of assets

Important points:
• Depreciation claim is mandatory (not an option)
• Registration is not compulsory to claim depreciation
• Allowed on the system of “block of assets”
• Allowed on the basis of “written down value” method
• No depreciation is allowed on land
• No depreciation for assets purchased by way of cash exceeding Rs.10,000

Block of Assets:
“Block of Assets” means a group of assets falling within a class of assets comprising,
a) tangible assets, being building, machinery, plant or furniture;

b) intangible assets, being know-how, patents, copyrights, trademarks, licences,

franchises or any other business or commercial rights of similar nature, in respect
of which the same percentage of depreciation is prescribed.

note: An assessee may have 9 different blocks of assets as under

Buildings ------ 3 blocks (5%, 10%, and 40%)
Furniture and fittings ------ 1 block 10%
Plant and machinery ------ 4 blocks (15%, 20%, 30%, 40%)
Intangible assets ------ 1 block 25%

Plant includes ships, vehicles, books, scientific apparatus and surgical equipments.
Building includes roads, bridges, culverts, wells and tube wells.
Goodwill does not qualify for depreciation (new amendment)

How to compute depreciation?

Written down value as on 1.4.2021 xxx
Add: Purchases to the block xxx
xxx
Less: Amount realized through sale, etc. xxx
Less: Depreciation as per section 32 xxx
Written down value as on 1.4.2022 xxx
 51

If the asset is acquired during the previous year (first year) and put to use for:
a. Less than 180 days: Only 50% of the depreciation is allowed
b. 180 days or more: Full depreciation is allowed

note: The above provision is only for year of purchase and not for subsequent years. For
subsequent years, full depreciation is allowed.

note: No depreciation if WDV is reduced to zero or where the block ceases to exist.

In other words, depreciation is allowed only if the following two conditions are satisfied:
a) Block should exist (i.e. there should be an asset in the block)
b) Written down value of the block should not be zero.

On sale of entire block or part of the block:

A.Where ENTIRE block is sold: The result is either STCG or STCL

If the sale value > the opening w.d.v. plus additions made during the year: STCG
If the sale value < the opening w.d.v. plus additions made during the year: STCL

B.Where PART of the block is sold:

If sale value is less than w.d.v. of the block: Depreciation is allowed
If sale value is more than w.d.v. of the block: Short-term capital gain

Depreciation on Actual Cost:

Revaluation of assets does not have any impact under the IT Act. Depreciation is allowed only
on the actual cost of the asset and not on the revalued figure.

Is it mandatory to claim depreciation or is it an option?

Yes it is mandatory for the assessee to claim depreciation. Depreciation shall be allowed whether
or not the assessee has claimed depreciation in computing his total income.

note: GST paid on purchase of an asset shall not be included in the cost if ITC is availed.

note: Any subsidy or grant received from the Government in connection with purchase of an
asset shall not be included in the cost of such asset.

Rates of depreciation:
Computers: 40%; Cars: 15%; Buildings (commercial): 10%;
Furniture: 10%; Ships: 20% Residential quarters: 5%;
Aeroplanes: 40%; Books: 40% Plant and machinery (generally): 15%
Books (annual publication): 40%
 52

note: Motor cars acquired during the period from 23.08.2019 to 31.03.2020 and put to use
before 31.03.2020 shall qualify for 30% depreciation.

note: Motor buses, motor lorries, motor taxis used in a business of running them on hire,
acquired during the period from 23.08.2019 to 31.03.2020 and put to use before
31.03.2020 shall qualify for 45% depreciation.

ADDITIONAL DEPRECIATION on new plant and machinery:

Conditions for claiming additional depreciation – Section 32(1)(iia)

• It should be:
− a manufacturing unit; or
− an assessee engaged in the business of generation or transmission or
distribution of power.

• Rate of additional depreciation is 20% of cost of new plant and machinery acquired
and installed in a previous year

Additional Depreciation is NOT available in the following cases:

• Not available for assets like building or furniture
• Not available for assets like ships or aircrafts
• Should not be a second-hand machinery
• Machinery or plant used in any office premises or any residential premises
• Office appliances or road transport vehicles.
• Machinery or plant where whole of the cost is allowed as deduction in one year.

note: If the new machinery is put to use for less than 180 days: Additional depreciation is
allowed @ 10% (50% of 20%) and balance 10% shall be allowed in the next year.

note: Additional depreciation is allowed every year on the new investment made.

CBDT Circular: Business of printing or printing and publishing amounts to manufacture or

production of any article or thing and is therefore eligible for additional depreciation.
 53

Problems:
1. The following are the assets owned by X as on 1.4.2021:
Asset Rate of Depreciation
Building A 10%
Building B 10%
Building C 5%
Building D 40%
Machinery A 15%
Machinery B 15%
Machinery C 40%
Machinery D 15%
Car X 15%
Furniture and fixtures 10%
Patent rights 25%
Technical know-how 25%

Classify the assets into different block of assets.

2. The w.d.v. of a block (machinery, rate of depreciation 15%) as on 31.03.2021 is Rs.3,20,000.

A machinery costing Rs.50,000 was acquired on 01.09.2021 but put to use on 01.11.2021.
During January, 2022, part of this block was sold for Rs.2,00,000. The depreciation for
A.Y.22-23 would be:-

A. 21,750 B. 25,500 C. 21,125 D. None of these

3. A motor car is the only asset in a block. Cost Rs.2,00,000. Rate of depreciation is 15%. 20%
is disallowed for estimated personal use. WDV of the block is Rs…………………………..

ASSETS MEANT FOR PERSONAL USE AND LATER BROUGHT INTO BUSINESS:

Building used for personal purpose and subsequently brought into business use:
The cost of the building as reduced by notional depreciation calculated up to the year of
bringing the asset to business use will be the cost for the purpose of claiming depreciation.

However, this provision does not apply to any other asset (for eg. car, computer, furniture)
and therefore the original cost will be the cost for the purpose of depreciation.

4. Ram introduced his building costing Rs.10,00,000 acquired in April, 2017 into business
newly commenced by him from 01.04.2021. The actual cost of building for the purpose of
depreciation for the assessment year 2022-23 would be Rs.
 54

A. 10,00,000 B. 5,90,490 C. 6,56,100 D. None of these

5. A car purchased by Mr.S on 10.08.2018 for Rs.5,25,000 for personal use is brought into the
business of the assessee on 01.07.2021, when its market value is Rs.2,50,000. Compute the
actual cost of the car and the amount of depreciation for the Assessment Year 2022-23
assuming the rate of depreciation is 15%.

6. Mr.X furnishes the following details pertaining to the financial year 2021-2022:-

Description Plant Building Patents

Rate of depreciation 15% 10% 25%

Opening balance as on 01.04.2021 14,50,000 25,00,000 15,00,000

Acquired before 30.09.2021 12,00,000 nil 5,00,000
Acquired after 01.12.2021 4,00,000 18,00,000 nil
One of 2 patents transferred in March 2022 nil nil 3,00,000

A machinery acquired in July 2021 (original cost Rs.1,50,000) was destroyed by fire and the
assessee received compensation of Rs.50,000 from the insurance company. Newly acquired
building given above includes value of land of Rs.3,00,000. Calculate the eligible
depreciation claim for the assessment year 2022-23.

7. A newly qualified Chartered Accountant Mr.Dhaval, commenced practice and has acquired
the following assets in his office during F.Y.2021-2022 at the cost shown against each item.
Assume that all the assets were purchased by way of account payee cheque. Calculate
depreciation that can be claimed from his professional income for A.Y. 2022-23:

Sl. Description Date of Date when Amount

No. acquisition put to use
1. Computer including
computer software 27.09.2021 1.10.2021 35,000

2. Computer UPS 02.10.2021 8.10.2021 8,500

3. Computer printer 1.10.2021 1.10.2021 12,500

4. Books (other than

annual publications
are of Rs.12,000) 1.04.2021 1.04.2021 13,000
 55

5. Office furniture
(acquired from a
practising CA) 1.04.2021 1.04.2021 3,00,000

6. Laptop 26.09.2021 8.10.2021 43,000

SHARING OF DEPRECIATION IN THE CASE OF CONVERSION OR TAKE OVER:

Total depreciation allowable in the year of SUCCESSION to the PREDECESSOR and the
SUCCESSOR is to be restricted to depreciation allowable as if succession had not taken
place, and such depreciation is to be apportioned on the basis of NUMBER OF DAYS used
by each of them.

8. Mr.Gopi carrying on business as proprietor converted the same into a limited company by name
Gopi Pipes (P) Ltd. from 01-07-2021. The details of the assets are given below:

Rs.
Block - I WDV of P&M (rate of depreciation @ 15%) on 01.04.2021 12,00,000
Block - II WDV of building (rate of depreciation @ 10%) on 01.04.2021 25,00,000

The company Gopi Pipes (P) Ltd. acquired P&M in December 2021 for Rs.10,00,000. It has been
doing the business from 01-07-2021. Compute the quantum of depreciation to be claimed by
Mr.Gopi and successor Gopi Pipes (P) Ltd. for the assessment year 2022-2023.

Assume that plant and machinery were purchased by way of account payee cheque. Note: Ignore
additional depreciation.

9. M/s.R & Co., a sole proprietary concern is converted into a company, R Ltd. with effect from
29.11.2021. The written down value of assets as on 01.04.2021 is as follows:

Item Rate of depreciation WDV as on 01.04.2021

Building 10% 3,50,000
Furniture 10% 50,000
Plant and Machinery 15% 2,00,000

Further, on 15.10.2021, M/s.R & Co. purchased a plant for Rs.1,00,000 (rate of depreciation
15%). After conversion, the company added another plant worth Rs.50,000 (rate of depreciation
15%). Compute the depreciation available to: (i) M/s.R & Co. & (ii) R Ltd. for
A.Y.2022-2023.
Problems on Additional Depreciation:
10. X Ltd, a manufacturing concern, furnishes the following particulars:
 56

Opening WDV of the block of plant and machinery Rs.5,00,000

Purchase of plant and machinery (put to use before October 1, 2021) Rs.2,00,000
Sale proceeds of plant and machinery which became obsolete
(it was purchased on 01.04.2019 for Rs.5,00,000) Rs.5,000

Further, out of purchase of plant and machinery, machinery of Rs.20,000 has been installed in
office and another machinery of Rs.20,000 was used previously for the purpose of business by
the seller. Compute depreciation and additional depreciation for the A.Y. 2022-23.

11. Mr.A is engaged in the business of generation and distribution of electric power. He always opts
to claim depreciation on written down value for income tax purposes. From the following details,
compute the depreciation allowable for the A.Y.2022-23:

i. Opening WDV of block (15% rate)

42,00,000
ii. New machinery purchased on 12.10.2021
10,00,000
iii. Machinery imported from China on 12.04.2021. This
machine had been used only in China earlier and
the assessee is the first user in India 9,00,000
iv. New computer installed in generation wing of the unit on 15.07.2021 2,00,000

All assets were purchased by A/c payee cheque.

12. Mr.Venus., engaged in manufacture of pesticides, furnishes the following particulars relating to
its manufacturing unit at Chennai, for the year ending 31-3-2022:

(in lakhs)
Opening WDV of Plant and Machinery 20
New machinery purchased on 1-9-2021 10
New machinery purchased on 1-12-2021 8
Computer purchased on 3-1-2022 4

Additional information:
• All assets were purchased by A/c. payee cheque
• All assets were put to use immediately.
• New machinery purchased on 01.12.2021 and computer have been installed in the office.

During the year ended 31-3-2021, a new machinery had been purchased on 31-10-2020, for
Rs.10 lacs. Additional depreciation, besides normal depreciation, had been claimed thereon.
Depreciation rate for machinery may be taken as 15%.

Compute the depreciation available to the assessee as per the provisions of the Income-tax
Act, 1961 and the WDV of different blocks of assets as on 31-3-2022.
 57

13. Mr.R resides in Delhi. As per new rule in the city, private cars can be plied in the city only on
alternate days. He has purchased a car on 21-09-2021, for the purpose of his business as per
following details:

Cost of car (excluding GST) 12,00,000

Add: Delhi GST at 14% 1,68,000
Add: Central GST at 14% 1,68,000
Total price of car 15,36,000

He estimates the usage of the car for personal purposes will be 25%. He is advised that since the
car has run only on alternate days, half the depreciation, which is otherwise allowable, will be
actually allowed. He has started using the car immediately after purchase. Determine the
depreciation allowable on car for the AY 2022-23, if this is the only asset in the block. Rate of
depreciation may be taken at 15%.

If this car were to be used in the subsequent Assessment Year 2023-24 on the same terms and
conditions above, what will be the depreciation allowable? Assume that there is no change in
the legal position under.

14. Mr.Tenzingh is engaged in composite business of growing and curing (further processing) coffee
in Coorg, Karnataka. The whole of coffee grown in his plantation is cured. Relevant information
pertaining to the year ended 31.3.2022 are given below:
Rs.
WDV of car as on 1.4.2021 3,00,000
WDV of machinery as on 1.4.2021 (15% rate) 15,00,000
Expenses incurred for growing coffee 3,10,000
Expenditure for curing coffee 3,00,000
Sale value of cured coffee 22,00,000

Besides being used for agricultural operations, the car is also used for personal use; disallowance
for personal use may be taken at 20%. The expenses incurred for car running and maintenance
are Rs.50,000. The machines were used in coffee curing business operations. Compute the
income arising from the above activities for the assessment year 2022-2023. Show the WDV of
the assets as on 1.4.2022.

15. Mr.Gamma, a proprietor started a business on 01.01.2021 for manufacture of tyres and tubes for
motor vehicles. The manufacturing unit was set up on 01.05.2021. He commenced his
manufacturing operations on 01.06.2021. The total cost of the plant and machinery installed in
the unit is Rs.120 crore. The said plant and machinery included second hand machinery bought
for Rs.20 crore and new machinery for scientific research relating to the business of the assesse
acquired at a cost of Rs.15 crore.

Compute the amount of depreciation allowable under section 32. Assume that all the assets were
purchased by of account payee cheque.
 58

16. A manufacturing company was transporting two of its machines from unit ‘A’ to unit ‘B’ (which
is at a distance of 100 miles) on September 1, 2021 by a truck. The written down value of this
block of assets as on 01.04.2021 is Rs.4,80,000.

On account of a civil disturbance, both the machines were damaged. The insurance company
paid Rs.5,00,000 for the damaged machineries. On these facts, for submitting the return of
income for the previous year ending March 31, 2022, your advise is sought as to:

a. Whether the damage of machines results in any transfer?

b. How the amounts received from the insurance company are to be treated for taxability?

17. Compute the quantum of depreciation available u/s.32 of the Income-tax Act, 1961 in respect of
the following items of Plant and Machinery purchased by Gupta Textile Ltd., which has set up a
manufacturing unit Andhra Pradesh to manufacture textile fabrics during the year 2021-22. Also
compute the WDV of the block of assets as at the year end.

Particulars Amount (Rs. in Crore)

New Machinery installed on 01-05-2021 84

Items purchased after 30th November, 2021:

Lorries for transporting goods to sales depots 3
Fork-lift-trucks, used inside factory 4
New imported machinery 12

The new imported machinery arrived at Chennai port on 30-03-2022 and was installed on 03-
04-2022. All others items were installed and put to use during the year ended 31-03-2022.

MCQs:
1. Additional depreciation on the factory building constructed during the PY 2021-22 and put to use for
manufacturing of garments on 1st February, 2022 having cost of Rs.100 lakhs shall be allowed in AY
2022-23 at a rate of:

(a) 20%
(b) 10%
(c) 15%
(d) Nil

2. Dr.Sen has surgical equipment whose WDV as on 1.4.2021 was Rs.4,10,000. He acquired some more
equipment in December 2021 for Rs.3,50,000. He sold an equipment in March 2022 for Rs.2,00,000
whose original cost was Rs.1,70,000. The written down value of the block for the purpose of
computing depreciation for the assessment year 2022-23 is:

(a) Rs.5,90,000
(b) Rs.5,60,000
(c) Rs.7,30,000
(d) Rs.4,30,000
 59

3. Madhu Ltd. owns machinery (rate of depreciation is 15%) the written down value of which as on 1st
April, 2021 Rs.30,00,000. Due to fire, entire assets in the block were destroyed and the insurer paid
Rs.25,00,000. The eligible depreciation in respect of this machinery is:

(a) Rs.4,50,000
(b) Rs. 75,000
(c) Rs.5,00,000
(d) Nil

4. Vaibhav, deriving business income, owns a car whose WDV as on 1st April, 2020 was Rs.3,00,000.
This is the only asset in the block of assets with rate of 15%. It is estimated that one-third of the total
usage of the car is for personal use in both years. The WDV of the block of assets as on 31st March,
2022 would be:

(a) Rs.2,16,750
(b) Rs.2,43,000
(c) Rs.2,55,000
(d) None of the above

5. Ramson Industries acquired a factory building for self-use in November, 2021. The value of land
underneath the building was Rs.5 lakh and value of building was Rs.10 lakh. The amount of eligible
depreciation allowable for assessment year 2022- 23 is:

(a) Rs.1,50,000
(b) Rs.25,000
(c) Rs.1,00,000
(d) Rs.50,000

6. The WDV of the block of asset of P & M depreciated @ 15% as on 1st April, 2021 was of Rs.13,50,000.
Out of this block, one machine was sold on 1st July, 2021 for Rs.4,50,000 and a new machine of
Rs.7,50,000 was purchased on 1st August, 2021 which could be put to use from 1st March, 2022. The
amount of depreciation (excluding additional depreciation) to be claimed on the block of plant &
machinery in the computation of income for A.Y. 2022-23 shall be:

(a) Rs.1,35,000
(b) Rs.2,47,500
(c) Rs.1,91,250
(d) Rs.2,53,125

7. Zed Ltd., a domestic company engaged in manufacturing activity acquired a plant for Rs.5 lakhs on
7.1.2022 which is eligible for depreciation @ 15%. It paid Rs.4 lakh through ECS system from bank
and balance Rs.1 lakh in cash on23.02.2022. The plant was put to use on 12.3.2022. The amount of
depreciation (normal and additional) on this plant for AY 2022-23 shall be:
 60

(a) Rs.40,000
(b) Rs.30,000
(c) Rs.70,000
(d) Rs.60,000

8. Mr.X, a retailer acquired furniture on 10th May 2021 for Rs.10,000 in cash and on 15th May 2021, for
Rs.15,000 and Rs.20,000 by a bearer cheque and account payee cheque, respectively. Depreciation
allowable for A.Y.2022-23 would be:-

(a) Rs.2,000
(b) Rs.3,000
(c) Rs.3,500
(d) Rs.4,500

9. The WDV of a block (plant and machinery 15%) as on 01.04.2021 is Rs.3,20,000. A second hand
machinery costing Rs.50,000 was acquired on 01.09.2021 through account payee cheque but put to
use on 01.11.2021. During January, 2022, part of this block was sold for Rs.2,00,000. The
depreciation for A.Y. 2022-23 would be:

(a) Rs.21,750
(b) Rs.25,500
(c) Rs.21,125
(d) Rs.12,750

10. Depreciation whether to be allowed on the purchase and installation of a fire extinguisher by a
practicing CA in his office, even when the same is not put to use or used during the year of
acquisition as stipulated under section 32:

(a) No, failure to use for the profession

(b) Yes, kept stand by, treated as passive use and eligible for deprn @ 15%
(c) Yes, allowable @ 10% of the cost
(d) Yes, allowable @ 50% of the cost
 61

Loss under the head How to set-off current If carried forward, No. of years cfd Whether return has
year losses? how to set-off? to be filed in time?

House property Inter-source adjustment Only against HP income 8 Can be a belated return
(SOP or LOP) (no limit)

Inter-head adjustment
(max Rs.2 lakhs)

Business Loss:
Non-speculative business Inter-source adjustment Only against Business income 8 Yes
Inter-head adjustment

Speculative business loss Only against speculative Only against speculative

business income business income 4 Yes

Specified business loss Only against specified Only against specified

under section 35 AD business income business income Indefinitely Yes

Capital Loss:
Short-term capital loss Against any capital gains Only against capital gains 8 Yes

Long-term capital loss Against LTCG only Only against LTCG 8 Yes

LTCL on sale of listed

shares through stock
exchange and STT paid Against LTCG only Only against LTCG 8 Yes

Other Sources:
Loss from the activity of Income from the activity of Income from the activity of
owning and maintaining owning and maintaining owning and maintaining
race horses race horses race horses 4 Yes
 62

CHAPTER – 13 SET-OFF AND CARRY-FORWARD OF LOSSES

Step 1: Inter-source Adjustment:
Set-off within the same head of income

Step 2: Inter-head Adjustment:

Set-off against income from any other head of income

Step 3: Carry forward of a loss:

Unabsorbed loss (if any) will be carried forward.

Important points:
Business loss cannot be set-off against salary income.

House property loss can be set-off without any limit against HP income (inter-source adjustment).
Loss from HP can be set-off up to a maximum of Rs.2 lakhs (with limit) against other income and
balance loss if any shall be carried forward.

No loss can be set off against casual income. Similarly, loss from gambling, etc can neither be set off
nor carried forward.

Loss of a discontinued business can be carried forward and be set-off against income from any other
business.

Meaning of unabsorbed depreciation: Business profits are insufficient to absorb the entire amount
of depreciation. Unabsorbed depreciation can be carried forward for any number of years and can be
set off against any head of income.

Meaning of Speculative business: Profit or loss made in a business without taking delivery at the
time of purchase (or) giving delivery at the time of sale but the contract is ultimately settled.

Compulsory filing of loss returns (Section 80): In order to claim the benefit of carry forward of a
loss, the assessee should file his loss return before the “due date”. However, loss under the head “house
property” & “unabsorbed depreciation” can be carried forward even if the return is filed after the “due
date”.

Order of set off if business profits are insufficient:

A. Current year capital expenditure on scientific research;
Current year depreciation;
Current year expenditure on family planning

B. Brought forward business loss

C. Unabsorbed depreciation;
Unabsorbed capital expenditure on scientific research;
Unabsorbed family planning expenditure
 63

1. From the following information, compute total income of Mr.A for the A.Y.2022-23.

Income from salary (after standard deduction) 6,80,000

Income from house property 40,000
Business loss (-) 1,80,000
Loss from a specified business referred to in section 35 AD (-) 60,000
Short-term capital loss (-) 60,000
Long-term capital gains 1,40,000
Loss from gambling (-) 30,000

2. Mr.Brajesh is a partner in a partnership firm named XYZ Associates. He provides the details regarding
his income and losses for the year ending 31.03.2022:

➢ Salary from XYZ Associates Rs.3,75,000 which was claimed by the firm in its return and allowed
as deduction.
➢ Brought forward business loss from A.Y.21-22 Rs.6,25,000
➢ Loss on sale of shares listed in NSE Rs.1,50,000. Shares were held for 15 months and STT paid
on sale and acquisition.
➢ Long-term capital gain on sale of his house Rs.2,50,000
➢ Rs.51,000 received in cash from friends in party
➢ Rs.27,500 (gross) received towards dividend on listed equity shares of domestic companies
➢ Loss from speculative business brought forward from AY 2019-20 Rs.2,50,000
➢ Life Insurance Premium paid (10% of the capital sum assured) Rs.1,00,000

Compute total income of Mr.Brajesh for the AY 2022-23 and show the items eligible for carry
forward. (Ignore provisions of section 115BAC).

3. The following are the details of Mr.SRIVATSAN, a resident Indian, relating to the year ended
31.03.2022:
Income from salaries (after standard deduction) Rs.2,30,000
Loss from house property Rs.2,10,000
Loss from cloth business Rs.2,40,000
Income from speculation business Rs.30,000
Loss from specified business covered by section 35AD Rs.20,000
Long-term capital gain from sale of urban land Rs.3,60,000
LTCL from sale of listed shares in stock exchange (STT paid) Rs.1,10,000
Loss from card games Rs.32,000
Income from betting (gross) Rs.45,000
Life Insurance Premium paid Rs.45,000

Compute the total income and show the items eligible for carry forward.
 64

4. Mr.Sohan submits the following details of his income for the assessment year 2022-23.

Income from salary (after standard deduction) Rs.3,00,000

Loss from let out house property Rs.40,000
Income from sugar business Rs.50,000
Loss from iron ore business b/f (discontinued in 2017-18) Rs.1,20,000
Short term capital loss u.s. 111A Rs.70,000
Long term capital gain from shares (STT paid) Rs.10,000
Long term capital gain Rs.40,000
Income received from lottery winning (gross) Rs.50,000
Winnings in card games (gross) Rs.6,000
Bank interest on fixed deposit Rs.5,000
Dividend from domestic companies Rs.5,000

Calculate gross total income and losses to be carried forward.

5. Mr.X furnishes the following details for the year ending 31.03.2022:

Short term capital gain Rs.1,40,000

Loss from speculative business Rs.60,000
Long term capital gain on sale of land Rs.30,000
Long term capital loss on sale of listed shares (STT not paid) Rs.1,00,000
Income from business of textile (after allowing current year depreciation) Rs.50,000
Income from activity of owning and maintaining race horses Rs.15,000
Income from salary (after standard deduction) Rs.1,00,000
Loss from house property Rs.40,000

Following are the carried forward losses:

a. Losses from activity of owning and maintaining race horses (A.Y.2019-20) Rs.25,000
b. Carried forward loss of textile business of the A.Y.2014-15 Rs.60,000

Compute GTI of Mr.X and the cfd losses for the A.Y. 2022-23.

6. X, a businessman of Delhi, furnishes the following, determine the net income of Mr.X:

Income from house property (computed) Rs.60,000

Business profits (before claiming the following deductions) Rs.34,000

Current depreciation allowance Rs.8,000
Current scientific research expenditure Rs.6,000

Unabsorbed depreciation allowance of the previous year:

18-19 Rs.13,000 and 11-12 Rs.3,500

Unabsorbed business losses of the previous year:

18-19 Rs.9,000 and 11-12 Rs.4,000
 65

7. Compute GTI of Mr.M for the A.Y. 2022-23 from the following particulars:

House property income as computed under the head “IFHP” Rs.2,70,000

Income from growing and manufacturing coffee (cured, roasted & grounded) Rs.1,00,000

Income from textile business before adjusting the following Rs.90,000

(a) Brought forward business loss Rs.70,000
(b) Current year depreciation Rs.30,000
(c) Brought forward unabsorbed depreciation Rs.1,40,000

Short term capital gain – jewellery Rs.1,60,000

Long term capital loss – listed equity shares (STT paid) Rs.40,000
Long term capital gains – Debentures Rs.2,00,000
Dividend on shares held as stock in trade Rs.10,000
Dividend from a company carrying on agricultural operation Rs.12,000

8. Mr.R submits the following information for the financial year ending 31.03.2022. He desires
that you should compute the total income and the losses that can be cfd.

He has two houses:

House I: Income after all statutory deductions Rs.72,000
House II: Current year loss (Rs.30,000)

He has three proprietary businesses:

a. Textile business:
Discontinued from 31.12.2021 - Current year loss Rs.40,000
Brought forward business loss of A.Y.2018-19 Rs.95,000

b. Chemical business:
Discontinued from 1.3.2020 - hence no profit or loss Nil
Bad debts allowed in earlier year recovered in this year Rs.35,000
Bfd business loss of the A.Y. 2020-21 Rs.50,000

c. Leather business income: Profit for the current year Rs.1,00,000

d. Share of profit in a firm in which he is a partner since 2008 Rs.16,550

Short-term capital gain Rs.60,000

Long-term capital gain Rs.35,000
Contribution to LIC towards premium Rs.10,000

Late filing of income tax return: Effect on losses:

9. Mr.X filed his return of income for the assessment year 2021-22 after the expiry of due date for filing
the return, showing business loss of Rs.3.35 lakhs, unabsorbed depreciation of Rs.1 lakh, loss from
house property of Rs.75,000 and loss of Rs.1.30 lakhs under the head “capital gains”. What is the effect
of such return of income?
 66

10. Mr. Aditya furnishes the following details for the year ended 31-03-2022:

Loss from speculative business A 25,000

Income from speculative business B 5,000
Loss from specified business covered under section 35AD 20,000
Income from salary (after standard deduction) 3,00,000
Loss from house property 2,50,000
Income from trading business 45,000
Long-term capital gain from sale of urban land 2,00,000
Long-term capital loss on sale of shares (STT not paid) 75,000
Long-term capital loss on sale of listed shares in recognized stock
exchange (STT paid at the time of acquisition and sale of shares) 1,02,000

Following are the brought forward losses:

(1) Losses from owning and maintaining of race horses pertaining to A.Y. 2020-21: Rs.2,000.
(2) Brought forward loss from trading business Rs.5,000 relating to A.Y. 2017-18.

Compute the total income of Mr.Aditya and show the items eligible for carry forward.

11. Ms.Pooja, a resident individual provides the following information of her income/losses for the year
ended on 31st March, 2022:

Income from salary (computed) Rs.2,20,000

Income from house property (let out) (net annual value) Rs.1,50,000
Share of loss from firm in which she is a partner Rs.10,000
Loss from specified business covered under section 35AD Rs.20,000

Income from textile business before adjusting the following items: Rs.3,00,000
a) Current year depreciation Rs.60,000
b) Unabsorbed depreciation of earlier year Rs.2,25,000
c) Brought forward loss of textile business of the A.Y.2020-21 Rs.90,000

Long term capital gain on sale of debentures Rs.75,000

Long term capital gain on sale of listed equity shares (STT paid) Rs.1,50,000
Long term capital loss on sale of equity shares (STT not paid) Rs.1,00,000

Dividends from units of UTI Rs.5,000

During the previous year 2021-22, Ms.Pooja has repaid Rs.5,25,000 towards housing loan from a bank.
Out of this Rs.3,16,000 was towards payment of interest and rest towards principal.

Compute the gross total income of Ms.Pooja and ascertain the amount of loss that can be carried
forward. Ms.Pooja has always filed her return within due date specified u.s.139(1) of the IT Act.
 67

12. Mr.Tarun, a resident individual, furnishes the following particulars of his income and other details for
the previous year 21-22:

Income from salary (computed) Rs.25,00,000

Business loss before providing current year depreciation Rs.1,20,000
(Business discontinued on 31.05.2021)
Current year depreciation Rs.80,000
Interest from fixed deposit Rs.12,14,000
Interest on loan in respect of self-occupied property Rs.2,15,000
Income from specified business (not eligible for deduction u.s.35AD) Rs.20,000

Brought forward losses (pertaining to AY 2021-22)

Unabsorbed depreciation Rs.58,000
Loss from specified business (eligible for deduction u.s.35AD) Rs.24,000

You are required to compute his total income for A.Y.2022-23 in such a way that his tax liability is
minimized.

13. Following are the details of incomes/losses of Mr.R for the financial year 2021-22:
(figures in brackets represents losses)

Taxable salary income (computed) Rs.3,60,000

Taxable income from house property (computed)

- from rented house property X Rs.1,20,000
- from rented house property Y (Rs.3,40,000)

Taxable profit from business (computed)

- business P Rs.2,30,000
- business Q (Rs.12,000)
- business R (speculative business) Rs.15,000
- business T (speculative business) (Rs.25,000)

Taxable income from other sources:

- from card games Rs.16,000
- from owning & maintenance of race horses (Rs.7,000)
- Interest on securities Rs.5,000

You are required to determine the gross total income of Mr.R for A.Y.22-23.
Nov.2019 IPCC new syllabus
 68

14. Gopal, a resident aged 50 years furnishes the following information for the year ended 31.03.2022:

Income by way of salary (computed) Rs.2,75,000

Income from house property (computed) (Rs.1,85,000)
Business income – Retail business Rs.1,20,000
Business income – wholesale business (Rs.1,00,000)
Brought forward business loss (AY 2020-21) (Rs.1,35,000)
LTCG from sale of listed equity shares (STT paid) Rs.2,00,000
Lottery winning (gross) Rs.45,000
Contribution to provident fund and NSC Rs.1,50,000
Income of minor daughter from special talent Rs.2,00,000
Interest from bank received by minor daughter made
out of her special talent Rs.15,000

Compute his income tax liability assuming that he does not opt for Section 115BAC and his wife does
not earn any income.

15. The following information is furnished by Mr.Shankar for the financial year 2021-22:

Particulars Rs.

Income from let out house property (computed) 3,50,000

Interest paid on housing loan for self-occupied property 2,00,000
Income from Textile business 5,75,000
Brought forward business loss of Assessment Year 2018-19 1,05,000
Short-term capital loss 1,70,000
Brought forward long-term loss from Assessment Year 2020-21 90,000
Long-term capital gain on sale of house 75,000
Interest on enhanced compensation from Government for acquisition
of land in 2017 5,00,000
Dividend received from ABC Ltd. Andhra Pradesh 15,000
Deposit made on 20.01.2022 in his Public Provident fund account 75,000
Loss from owning and maintaining race horse of A.Y. 2020-21 20,000
Loss from Gambling 8,000

Mr.Shankar filed the return of income for assessment year 2018-19 after the expiry of due date for
filing the return. Compute the total income of Mr.Shankar for the assessment year 2022-23 under
proper heads and also state the loss that can be carried forward.

MCQs
1. Mr.A incurred short-term capital loss of Rs.10,000 on sale of shares through the National Stock Exchange.
Such loss:-
(a) can be set-off only against short-term capital gains
(b) can be set-off against both short-term capital gains and long-term capital gains.
(c) can be set-off against any head of income.
(d) not allowed to be set-off.
 69

2. According to section 80, no loss which has not been determined in pursuance of a return filed in accordance
with the provisions of section 139(3), shall be carried forward. The exceptions to this are –

(a) Loss from specified business under section 73A

(b) Loss under the head "Capital Gains" and unabsorbed depreciation
(c) Loss from house property and unabsorbed depreciation
(d) Loss from speculation business under section 73

3. Brought forward loss from house property of Rs.3,10,000 of A.Y. 2021-22 is allowed to be set-off against
income from house property of A.Y. 2022-23 of Rs.5,00,000 to the extent of —

(a) Rs.2,00,000
(b) Rs.3,10,000
(c) Rs.2,50,000
(d) Rs.1,00,000

4. Mr.Rohan incurred loss of Rs.3 lakh in the P.Y. 2021-22 in retail trade business. Against which of the
following income during the same year, can he set-off such loss?

(a) profit of Rs.1 lakh from wholesale cloth business

(b) long-term capital gains of Rs.1.50 lakhs on sale of land
(c) speculative business income of Rs.40,000
(d) All of the above

5. Virat runs a business of manufacturing of shoes since the P.Y. 2019-20. During the P.Y. 2019-20 and P.Y.
2020-21, Virat had incurred business losses. For P.Y. 2021-22, he earned business profit (computed) of
Rs.3 lakhs. Considering he may/may not have sufficient business income to set off his earlier losses, which
of the following order of set off shall be considered:

(He does not have income from any other source)

(a) First adjustment for loss of P.Y. 2019-20, then loss for P.Y. 2020-21 and then unabsorbed
depreciation, if any.
(b) First adjustment for loss of P.Y. 2020-21, then loss for P.Y. 2019-20 and then unabsorbed
depreciation, if any.
(c) First adjustment for unabsorbed depreciation, then loss of P.Y. 2020-21 and then loss for P.Y. 2019-
20, if any.
(d) First adjustment for unabsorbed depreciation, then loss of P.Y. 2019-20 and then loss for P.Y. 2020-
21, if any.

6. Mr.Ravi incurred loss of Rs.4 lakh in the P.Y. 2021-22 in leather business. Against which of the following
incomes earned during the same year, can he set-off such loss?

(i) Profit of Rs.1 lakh from apparel business

(ii) Long-term capital gains of Rs.2 lakhs on sale of jewellery
(iii) Salary income of Rs.1 lakh
 70

Choose the correct answer:

(a) First from (ii) and thereafter from (i); the remaining loss has to be carried forward.
(b) First from (i) and thereafter from (ii) and (iii)
(c) First from (i) and thereafter from (iii); the remaining loss has to be carried forward
(d) First from (i) and thereafter from (ii); the remaining loss has to be carried forward

7. During the A.Y.2021-22, Mr.A has a loss of Rs.8 lakhs under the head "Income from house property" which
could not be set off against any other head of income as per the provisions of section 71. The due date for
filing return of income u/s 139(1) in case of Mr.A has already expired and Mr.A forgot to file his return of
income within the said due date. However, Mr.A filed his belated return of income for A.Y.2021-22. Now,
while filing return of income for A.Y.2022-23, Mr.A wishes to set off the said loss against income from house
property for the P.Y. 2021-22. Determine whether Mr.A can claim the said set off.

(a) No, Mr.A cannot claim set off of loss of Rs.8 lakhs during A.Y. 2022-23 as he failed to file his return
of income u/s 139(1) for A.Y. 2021-22.
(b) Yes, Mr. A can claim set off of loss of Rs.2 Iakhs, out of Rs.8 Iakhs, from its income from house
property during A.Y. 2022-23, if any, and the balance has to be carried forward to A.Y.2023-24.
(c) Yes, Mr. A can claim set off of loss of Rs.2 lakhs, out of Rs.8 Iakhs, from its income from any head
during A.Y 2022-23 and the balance, if any, has to be carried forward to A.Y. 2023-24.
(d) Yes, Mr.A can claim set off of loss of Rs.8 lakhs during A.Y. 2022-23 from its income from house
property, if any, and the balance has to be carried forward to A.Y.2023-24.

8. The details of income/loss of Mr.Kumar for A.Y. 2022-23 are as follows:

Particulars Amt. (in Rs.)

Income from Salary (computed) 5,20,000
Loss from self-occupied house property 95,000
Loss from let-out house property 2,25,000
Loss from specified business u/s 35AD 2,80,000
Loss from medical business 1,20,000
Long term capital gain 1,60,000
Income from other sources 80,000

What shall be the gross total income of Mr.Kumar for A.Y. 2022-23?

(a) Rs.4,40,000
(b) Rs.3,20,000
(c) Rs.1,60,000
(d) Rs.4,80,000

9. The loss computed under the head “income from house property” can be set-off by intra head adjustment
during the same from:
(a) Any other head of income up to a maximum of Rs.2,50,000
(b) Any other head of income up to maximum of Rs.3,00,000
(c) Any other head of income up to maximum of Rs.5,00,000
(d) Any other head of income up to maximum of Rs.2,00,000
 71

10. If a person is eligible to claim:

(1) Unabsorbed depreciation

(2) Current scientific research expenditure
(3) Current depreciation
(4) Brought forward business loss

The order of priority to set-off would be —

(a) (4), (3), (2) & (1)
(b) (2), (3), (4) & (1)
(c) (3), (4), (1) & (2)
(d) (1), (2), (3) & (4)

11. Mathur Storage (P) Ltd. engaged in chain cold storage has brought forward business loss of Rs.12 lakhs
relating to assessment year 2021-2022. During the previous year 2021-2022, its income from the said
business is Rs.9 lakhs. It also has profit from trade in food grains of Rs.6 lakhs.

The total income of the company for the assessment year 2022-2023 is:
(a) Rs.15 lakhs
(b) Rs. 6 lakhs
(c) Rs.9 lakhs
(d) Rs.3 lakhs
 72

CHAPTER – 14 CLUBBING OF INCOME

Transfer of income without transfer of asset:
Transfer of income alone without transfer of asset under an agreement, arrangement,
settlement, etc., will be clubbed in the hands of the transferor.

1. Mr.V has transferred through a duly registered document the income arising from a godown, to
his son, without transferring the godown. In whose hands will the rental income from godown
be charged?

2. X has a fixed deposit of Rs.5,00,000 in SBI. He instructs the bank to credit the interest on the
deposit @ 6% p.a. to the savings bank account of Y, son of his brother, to help him in his
education. Discuss the tax treatment of the interest income.

Revocable Transfer Vs. Irrevocable Transfer:

Revocable Transfer: Income will be clubbed in the hands of the transferor
Irrevocable Transfer: Income will NOT be clubbed. Taxed in the hands of transferee

“Revocable” means the transferor has the right to take back the asset during the life time of
the transferee.

SALARY INCOME OF SPOUSE:

Salary received by spouse will be clubbed if the following conditions are satisfied:

− If the assessee has “substantial interest” in a concern where the spouse is employed;
and

− If remuneration is received by the spouse from such concern “without any technical
or professional knowledge or experience”

Where both husband and wife have substantial interest and both are getting remuneration
from a concern without any technical or professional knowledge or experience:
Income shall be clubbed in the hands of that spouse whose other income is greater without
taking in to account the above remuneration.

Meaning of “Substantial Interest”

In the case of a company:
If an individual beneficially holds (individually or along with his relatives) 20% or more of
equity shares in the company at any time during the previous year.

In any other case:

If an individual is entitled to 20% share in the profits of the concern
 73

3. Mr.A is an employee of X Ltd. and he along with his brother owns 25% shares of that company.
His salary is Rs.1,00,000 p.m. Mrs.A is working as a computer software programmer in X Ltd. at
a salary of Rs.70,000 p.m. She is, however, not qualified for the job. Compute the gross total
income of Mr.A and Mrs.A for the A.Y.2022-23 assuming that they do not have any other income.

4. Mr.B along with his father holds shares carrying 30% voting power in Y Ltd. Mrs.B is working as
accountant in Y Ltd. getting income under the head salary (computed) of Rs.3,44,000 without
any qualification in accountancy. Mr.B also receives Rs.30,000 as interest on securities. Mrs.B
owns a house which she has let out. Rent received from tenants is Rs.6,000 p.m. Compute gross
total income of Mr.B and Mrs.B for A.Y. 2022-23.

HOUSE PROPERTY TRANSFERRED TO SPOUSE – DEEMED OWNER:

‘Deemed Owner’ provisions shall apply in the following cases:

a. Where a house is transferred to spouse for an inadequate consideration; or
b. Where there is no agreement between them to live apart.

In other words, ‘deemed owner’ provisions shall not apply if the house is transferred for an
adequate consideration or there is agreement between them to live apart (live separately).

5. State whether “deemed owner” provisions are applicable or not:

X owns two houses:

House 1: It is transferred for an adequate consideration to Mrs.X on 1.12.2021. This house is

let out at Rs.10,000 p.m. to a tenant.

House 2: X gifts this house to his wife Mrs.X on 1.10.2021. There is no agreement between
them to live separately.

Briefly state the income-tax consequences showing clearly the person in whose hands the same
is chargeable to tax.

INCOME FROM BUSINESS – CLUBBING PROVISIONS WHEN APPLICABLE?

Amount to be clubbed in the hands of the spouse is determined as follows:

a. In the case of existing business: Ratio that

existed as on the 1 day of the previous year
st

b. In the case of new business: Ratio that

existed as on the 1st day of commencement of
business.
 74

6. Mrs.A started a business in 2019. Her capital in the business as on 1.4.2020 stood at Rs.3,00,000.
Mr.A (her husband) gifted a sum of Rs.2,00,000 to Mrs.A on 10.12.2020, which was also invested
in the aforesaid business on the same date. She earned a profit of Rs.1,50,000 and Rs.3,90,000
during the previous year 2020-21 and 2021-22 respectively. Compute the amount of the income
to be clubbed in the hands of Mr.A.

7. Mr.A started a proprietary business on 20.04.2020 with a capital of Rs.5,50,000. His wife Smt.P
gifted Rs.2,00,000 on the occasion of his birthday on 28.07.2020, out of which he introduced
Rs.1,00,000 into his proprietary business.

Details of his income from business are given below:

Financial Year (Loss) Income

2020-21 Rs.1,50,000
2021-22 Rs.4,00,000

He did not withdraw any amount from the business for his personal use. Determine the amount
chargeable to tax in the hands of Mr.A and the amount liable for clubbing in the hands of his wife
Smt.P.

8. Mr.Vaibhav started a business on 01.04.2020 with a capital of Rs.5,00,000. He incurred a loss of

Rs.2,00,000 during the year 2020-21. To overcome the financial position, his wife Mrs.Vaishaly,
a software engineer, gave a gift of Rs.5,00,000 on 01.04.2021, which was immediately invested
in the business by Mr.Vaibhav. He earned a profit of Rs.4,00,000 during the year 2021-22.

Compute the amount to be clubbed in the hands of Mrs.Vaishaly for the A.Y. 2022-23. If
Mrs.Vaishaly gave the said amount as loan, what would be the amount to be clubbed?

INCOME FROM ASSETS TRANSFERRED TO SPOUSE WITHOUT ADEQUATE

CONSIDERATION (CAPITAL GAINS AND INCOME FROM OTHER SOURCES):

Any income from asset transferred without adequate consideration shall be clubbed in the
hands of the transferor spouse.

When income is NOT clubbed:

a) if the asset has been transferred for an adequate consideration; or
b) if the transfer is in connection with an agreement to live apart (i.e. agreement to live
separately)

Note: Clubbing provisions are attracted only if husband and wife relationship subsist both at
the time of transfer of asset and at the time of accrual of income.

Whether income on income (ACCRETION) be clubbed?:

 75

Clubbing provisions will apply only in respect of income which arises out of assets
transferred. However, income on income (accretion) will not be clubbed. In other words,
where there is any ACCRETION to the asset transferred, income arising to the transferee
from such accretion will not be clubbed.

Mr.X had transferred Rs.5,00,000; 9% debentures of ABC Ltd to his wife Mrs.X. The interest on such
debentures was received by Mrs.X during the year 2021-22. Later, she invested the same in a fixed
deposit with SBI and earned Rs.4,000 as interest from the deposit. Discuss in whose hands will
interest on debentures and interest on fixed deposit shall be assessed?

9. On 01.05.2021, Mr.Rama transferred the right to receive rental income arising from a factory
godown owned by him, to his major son Mr.Lava, for a period of 10 years. The rental income
derived is Rs.10,000 p.m.

On 12.03.2017, he gifted 2000 shares of face value of Rs.100 each in ITC Ltd., a listed company,
to his wife Mrs.Seetha. Mr.Rama had purchased them on 19.02.2015 at Rs.110 each.

ITC Ltd. allotted bonus shares in the ratio of 1:1 on 12.04.2019. Mrs.Seetha sold all shares of the
above company on 15.01.2022 in the National Stock Exchange for a net consideration of Rs.180
per share, paying the applicable STT thereon.

Discuss how the above items will be treated in the hands of Mr.Rama and Mrs.Seetha for the
Assessment Year 2022-23. (Computation of income is not required).

Income of spouse - provisions in brief:

a. Salary: If the spouse is working in a concern where the tax-payer

has substantial interest and the spouse is not qualified for the job to
justify the remuneration drawn. Clubbing provisions shall apply.

b. House property: Deemed owner provisions u.s.27 shall apply

c. Business Income: Ratio as on the first day of the previous year

d. Capital gains: Will be clubbed if the asset has been transferred

without adequate consideration

e. Other sources: Will be clubbed if the asset has been transferred

without adequate consideration

Note: Income includes loss. In other words if income is clubbed then

loss should also be allowed to be set-off.

INCOME FROM ASSETS TRANSFERRED TO SON’S WIFE:

 76

Any income from assets transferred (directly or indirectly) to son’s wife without adequate
consideration will be clubbed in the hands of the transferor. However, the relationship of
father-in-law/mother-in-law and daughter-in-law should exist both at the time of transfer of
asset and at the time of accrual of income.

10. Mr.A has gifted a house property valued at Rs.50 lakhs to his wife, Mrs.B, who in turn has gifted
the same to Mrs.C, their daughter-in-law. The house was let out at Rs.25,000 per month
throughout the year. Compute the total income of Mr.A and Mrs.C. Will your answer be different
if the said property was gifted to his son, husband of Mrs.C?

11. Mr.Shiva gifted a let-out building which fetches rental income of Rs.10,500 per month to his son’s
wife on 01.11.2021. The municipal tax of Rs.6,000 on the property was paid on 10.01.2022. The
total income from all other sources (computed) amounts to Rs.2,60,000 except from above said
property. His total income chargeable to tax is:

a. Rs.3,11,450
b. Rs.3,44,000
c. Rs.3,80,000
d. Rs.3,33,500

CLUBBING OF INCOME OF A MINOR CHILD:

The income of minor will be included in the income of that parent whose total income is
greater. Income of the minor child will be clubbed after providing exemption u/s.10 (32) to
the extent of Rs.1,500 for each child.

Income of minor child will not be clubbed in the following cases:

a. Income of minor child suffering from any disability specified u/s.80 U
b. Income of minor child on account of any manual work
c. Income of minor child on account of any skill, talent or experience.

12. Mr.G has four minor children consisting of 2 daughters and 2 sons. The annual income of 2
daughters was Rs.7,500 and Rs.5,000 and of sons were Rs.5,500 and Rs.1,250 respectively. The
daughter who was having income of Rs.5,000 was suffering from a disability specified u.s.80 U.
Work out the amount of income earned by minor children to be clubbed in the hands of Mr.G.

13. Compute total income of Mr.A & Mrs.A from the following information:
Salary Income (computed) of Mrs.A Rs.5,30,000
Income from profession of Mr.A Rs.9,90,000
Income of minor son B from company deposit Rs.15,000
Income of minor daughter C from special talent Rs.72,000
Interest from bank received by C on deposit made out of her special talent Rs.6,000
Gift received by C from friend of Mrs.A Rs.20,000

14. Mr.Daniel and his wife Mrs.Helan furnish the following information:
 77

Salary income (computed) of Mrs.Helan Rs.4,60,000

Income of minor son B who suffers from disability specified u.s. 80 U Rs.1,08,000
Income of minor daughter C from singing Rs.86,000
Income from profession of Mr.Daniel Rs.7,50,000
Income of minor married daughter A from company deposit Rs.30,000

Compute the total income of Mr.Daniel and Mrs.Helan for the A.Y. 2022-23.

15. Mr.Mahadev, a noted bhajan singer of Rajasthan and his wife Mrs.Dariya furnish the following
information relating to the Assessment Year 2022-23.
Rs.
Income of Mr.Mahadev – professional bhajan singer (computed) 5,65,000
Salary income of Mrs.Dariya (computed) 3,80,000

Loan received by Mrs.Dariya from Ramu & Jay (Pvt) Ltd.

(Mrs.Dariya holds 35% shares of the Co. The Co. has incurred losses
since its inception 2 years back) 2,50,000

Income of their minor son Golu from winning

singing reality show on T.V. 2,50,000

Cash gift received by Golu from friend of Mr.Mahadev

on winning the show 21,000

Interest income received by minor married daughter Gudia

from deposit with Ramu & Jay Pvt Ltd. 40,000

Compute taxable income of Mr.Mahadev & Mrs.Dariya for the Assessment Year 2022-23.

16. Mr.S is a trader. Particulars of his income and those of the members of his family are given below.
These relate to the previous year ended 31.03.2022:

Income from business – Mr.S Rs.4,90,000

Salary derived from an educational institution by Mrs.S (computed) Rs.3,50,000
Interest on company deposits derived by Master Deep (minor son).
These deposits were made in the name of Deep by his father’s father
6 years ago
Rs.12,000
Receipts from sale of paintings and drawings made by minor Deepthi
(minor daughter of Mr. and Mrs.S and a noted child artiste) Rs.60,000

Income by way of lottery earnings by Master Dippu (minor son of Mr.S) Rs.6,000

Discuss whether the above will form part of the assessable income of any individual and also compute
the assessable income of Mr.S.

17. During the p.y. 2021-22, the following transactions are noted from the records of X.
 78

a. X has a fixed deposit of Rs.5,00,000 in State Bank of India. He instructs the bank to credit the interest
on the deposit at the rate of 9% from 01.04.2021 to 31.03.2022 to the savings bank account of Y, son
of his brother, to help him in his education.

b. X holds 75% share in a partnership firm. Mrs.X receives a commission of Rs.25,000 from the firm for
promoting the sales of the firm. Mrs.X possesses no technical or professional qualification.

c. X gifts a flat to Mrs.X on 01.04.2021, during the previous year. The flat generates a net income
(computed) of Rs.52,000 to Mrs.X.

d. X gifts Rs.2,00,000 to his minor son who invested the same in a business and he derived income of
Rs.20,000 from the investment.

e. X’s minor son derives an income of Rs.20,000 through a business activity involving application of his
skill and talent.

During the year X gets a pension of Rs.1,70,000 p.a. He has no other income. Mrs.X receives salary of
Rs.2,90,000 p.a. from a part-time job. Discuss the tax implications of each transaction and compute
the total income of X, Mrs.X and their minor child.

18. Mr.Jayabrata gifted Rs.10,00,000 to his wife, Mrs.Sangeeta on 1st January, 2021. Out of the same,
Sangeeta lent Rs.4,00,000 for 6 months to her friend, Bedabati on 1st April, 2021 bearing interest @
20% p.a.

Sangeeta received half-yearly interest of Rs.40,000 on such loan on 1st October, 2021. The aforesaid
interest was immediately invested in debentures of a company. These debentures were sold by
Sangeeta for Rs.70,000 on 31st January, 2022.

The balance amount of gift received from Mr.Jayabrata was invested as her capital in a sole
proprietary business, which resulted in a loss of Rs.50,000 for the previous year 2021-22.

Mr.Jayabrata’s own income (computed) consisted of salary of Rs.30 lakhs and income from other
sources of Rs.80,000. The return of income is being filed on 21.12.2022.

Compute the total income of Mr.Jayabrata under suitable heads of income, indicating brief reason for
treatment of all the important items.

CROSS TRANSFERS:
19. Mr.Vasudevan gifted a sum of Rs.6 lakhs to his brother’s wife on 14.6.2021. On 12.7.2021, his
brother gifted a sum of Rs.5 lakhs to Mr.Vasudevan’s wife. The gifted amounts were invested as
fixed deposits in banks by Mrs.Vasudevan and wife of Mr.Vasudevan’s brother on 01.8.2021 at
7% interest. Discuss the consequences of the above under the provisions of the Income-tax Act,
1961 in the hands of Mr.Vasudevan and his brother.

Solution:
 79

In the given case, Mr.Vasudevan gifted a sum of Rs.6 lakhs to his brother’s wife on 14.06.2021 and
simultaneously, his brother gifted a sum of Rs.5 lakhs to Mr.Vasudevan’s wife on 12.07.2021. The
gifted amounts were invested as fixed deposits in banks by Mrs.Vasudevan and his brother’s wife.
These transfers are in the nature of cross transfers.

If two transactions are inter-connected and are part of the same transaction, clubbing
provisions would be attracted.

Accordingly, the interest income arising to Mrs.Vasudevan would be included in the total income of
Mr.Vasudevan and interest income arising in the hands of his brother’s wife would be taxable in the
hands of Mr.Vasudevan’s brother, to the extent of amount of cross transfers i.e., Rs.5 lakhs.

This is because both Mr.Vasudevan and his brother are the indirect transferors of the income to
their respective spouses with an intention to reduce their burden of taxation.

Important: However, the interest income earned by his spouse on fixed deposit of Rs.5 lakhs alone
would be included in the hands of Mr.Vasudevan’s brother and not the interest income on the entire
fixed deposit of Rs.6 lakhs, since the cross transfer is only to the extent of Rs.5 lakhs.

Income of HUF:

Clubbing before partition:

Where a member of a HUF has converted or transferred his self-acquired property into joint
family property (i.e. throwing such property into common stock of the family) for an
inadequate consideration, income arising therefrom is taxable (clubbed) as the income of the
transferor-member.

Example:
X gifts his self-acquired property yielding an annual income of Rs.60,000 to his HUF, consisting of X,
Mrs.X, his major son Y and minor son Z. Income of Rs.60,000 will be clubbed in the income of X (and not
of the HUF).

Clubbing after partition:

If the converted property is subsequently partitioned among the members of the family, the
income derived from such converted property as is received by the spouse and minor child
of the transferor will be taxable as income of the transferor.

Example:
Assume in the above example, that the property is partitioned equally among the family members,
income derived from converted property by Mrs.X (i.e. ¼ of Rs.60,000) and share of minor son (i.e. ¼ of
Rs.60,000) will be included in the income of Mr.X.

Additional Problems:
 80

20. Details of Income of Mr.R and his wife Mrs.R for the previous year 2021-22 are as under:

i. Mr.R transferred his self-occupied property without any consideration to the HUF of
which he is a member. During the previous year 2021-22 the HUF earned an income of
Rs.50,000 from such property.

ii. Mr.R transferred Rs.4,00,000 to his wife Mrs.R on 01.04.2007 without any consideration
which was given as a loan by her to Mr.Girish. She earned Rs.3,50,000 as interest during
the earlier previous years which was also given as a loan to Mr.Girish. During the previous
year 2021-2022 earned interest @ 11% per annum.

iii. Mr.R and Mrs.R both hold equity shares of 27% and 25% respectively in AMC Limited.
They are also working as employees in such Company. During the financial year 2021-
22 they have withdrawn a salary of Rs.3,20,000 and Rs.2,70,000 respectively.

iv. Mrs.R transferred 5,000 equity shares of RSB Ltd. on 17.09.2014 to Mr.R without any
consideration. The Company issued 3,000 bonus shares to Mr.R in 2017. On 04.03.2022,
Mr.R sold entire share holdings and earned Rs.5,20,000 as capital gains.

Apart from above income, Mr.R has income from commission Rs.4,00,000 and Mrs.R has interest
income of Rs.3,30,000. Compute Gross Total income of Mr.R and Mrs.R for the assessment year
2022-23.

21. S. No. Particulars Amount (Rs.)

(a) Salary income (computed) of Mrs.Anandi 9,60,000
(b) Income of minor son "A" who suffers from disability
specified in section 80U 3,08,000
(c) Income of minor daughter "C"
from script writing for Television Serials 1,86,000
(d) Income from garment trading business of Mr.Dharmesh 17,50,000
(e) Cash gift received by minor daughter "C" on 02.10.2021
from friend of Mrs.Anandi, on winning of a story writing competition 45,000
(f) Income of minor son "B" form scholarship received from his school 1,00,000
(g) Income of minor son "B" from fixed deposit with
Punjab National Bank, made out of income earned from scholarship 5,000

Compute the total income of Mr.Dharmesh and his wife Mrs.Anandi for Assessment Year 2022-
23 assuming that they have not opted to be taxed under section 115BAC.

22. Mr.Gupta and his wife Mrs.Gupta are partners in a partnership firm holding 25% share each.
During the FY 2021-22, the firm paid Rs.2,50,000 to each of them as remuneration. Apart from
this, they provide you the following information in respect of FY 2021-22:

i. Salary received by Mr.Gupta from his employer Rs.12,50,000.

 81

ii. Interest on fixed deposit earned by Mrs.Gupta Rs.14,00,000. (The fixed deposit was
opened by using her "Stridhan")

iii. Income of their three minor children Neeta, Meeta and Seeta was Rs.15,000, Rs.10,000
and Rs.2,000 respectively.

You are required to compute the gross total income of Mr. and Mrs.Gupta as per the provisions
of Income-tax Act for the AY 2022-23. Ignore provisions of Section 115BAC.

23. Determine the Gross total income of Shri Ram Kumar and Smt. Ram Kumar for the assessment
year 2022-23 from the following:

i. Salary received by Shri Ram Kumar from a company Rs.1,80,000 p.a. and Smt. Ram
Kumar also doing job in a company and getting salary of Rs.2,40,000 p.a.

ii. Shri Ram Kumar transferred a flat to his wife Smt. Ram Kumar on 01.09.2021 for
adequate consideration. The rent received from this let-out flat is Rs.9,000 p.m.

iii. Shri Ram Kumar and his wife Smt. Ram Kumar both are partners in a firm. Shri Ram
Kumar received Rs.36,000 and Smt. Ram Kumar received Rs.64,000 as interest from the
firm and also had a share of profit of Rs.12,000 and Rs.26,000 respectively.

iv. Smt. Ram Kumar transferred 10% debentures worth Rs.3,00,000 to Shri Ram Kumar.
The whole amount of Rs.3,30,000 invested by Shri Ram Kumar in the similar investments
and earned income of Rs.39,000.

v. Mother of Shri Ram Kumar transferred a property to Master Rohit (son of Shri Ram
Kumar) in the year 2020 Master Rohit (aged 13 years) received Rs.15,000 as income
from this property on 20th February, 2022.

24. (i) Mr.Raghav owns two house properties in Mumbai. The details of these properties are as
under -
House 1 House 2
Self-occupied Let-out
Rent received per month Not applicable Rs.60,000
Municipal taxes paid Rs.7,500 Nil
Interest on loan
(taken for purchase of property) Rs.3,50,000 Rs.5,00,000
Principal repayment of loan
(taken from HDFC bank) Rs.2,00,000 Rs.3,00,000

(ii) Mr.Raghav had a house in Delhi. During financial year 2012-13, he had transferred the house
to Ms.Vamika, daughter of his sister without any consideration. House would go back to
 82

Mr.Raghav after the life time of Ms.Vamika. The transfer was made with a condition that 10% of
rental income from such house shall be paid to Mrs.Raghav. Rent received by Ms.Vamika during
the previous year 2021-22 from such house property is Rs.5,50,000.

(iii) Mr.Raghav receives following income from M/s M Pvt. Ltd. during P.Y. 2021-22:
• Interest on Debentures of Rs.7,50,000; and
• Salary of Rs.3,75,000.

He does not possess the adequate professional qualification commensurate with the salary
received by him.

Shareholding of M/s.M Pvt. Ltd. as on 31.3.2022 is as under –

Equity shares Preference shares
Mr.Raghav Nil Nil
Mrs.Raghav 2% 25%
Mr.Jai Kishan (brother of Mrs.Raghav) 98% 75%

(iv) Mr. and Mrs.Raghav form a partnership firm with equal share in profits. Mr.Raghav
transferred a fixed deposit of Rs.1 crore to such firm. Firm had no income or expense other than
the interest of Rs.9,00,000 received from such fixed deposit. Firm distributed the entire surplus
to Mr. and Mrs.Raghav at the end of the year.

(v) Mr.Raghav holds preference shares in M/s.K Pvt. Ltd. He instructed the company to pay
dividends to Ms.Geeta, daughter of his servant. The transfer is irrevocable for the life time of
Geeta. Dividend received by Ms.Geeta during the previous year 2021-22 is Rs.13,00,000.

(vi) Other income of Mr.Raghav includes:–

Interest from saving bank account of Rs.2,00,000
Cash gift of Rs.75,000 received from daughter of his sister on his birthday

Compute total income of Mr.Raghav for the Assessment Year 2022-23.

MCQs:
1. Ram owns 500, 15% debentures of Reliance Industries Ltd. of Rs.500 each. Annual interest of
Rs.37,500 was declared on these debentures for P.Y. 2021-22. He transfers interest income to
his friend Shyam, without transferring the ownership of these debentures. While filing return of
income for A.Y.2022-23, Shyam showed Rs.37,500 as his income from debentures. As tax advisor
of Shyam, do you agree with the tax treatment done by Shyam in his return of income?

(a) Yes, since interest income was transferred to Shyam therefore, after transfer it becomes
his income.

(b) No, since Ram has not transferred debentures to Shyam, interest income on the
debentures is not taxable income of Shyam.
(c) Yes, if debentures are not transferred, interest income on debentures can be declared by
anyone, Ram or Shyam, as taxable income depending upon their discretion.
 83

(d) No, since Shyam should have shown the income as interest income received from Mr.
Ram and not as interest income earned on debentures.

2. On 20.10.2021, Pihu (minor child) gets a gift of Rs.20,00,000 from her father's friend. On the
same day, the amount is deposited as fixed deposit in Pihu's bank account. On the said deposit,
interest of Rs.13,000 was earned during the P.Y. 2021-22. In whose hands the income of Pihu
shall be taxable? Also, compute the amount of income that shall be taxable.

(a) Income of Rs.20,11,500 shall be taxable in the hands of Pihu's father.

(b) Income of Rs.20,13,000 shall be taxable in the hands of Pihu's father.
(c) Income of Rs.20,11,500 shall be taxable in the hands of Pihu's father or mother, whose
income before this clubbing is higher.
(d) Income of Rs.20,13,000 shall be taxable in the hands of Pihu's father or mother, whose
income before this clubbing is higher.

3. Mr.Arvind gifted a house property to his wife, Ms.Meena and a flat to his daughter-in law, Ms.
Seetha. Both the properties were let out. Which of the following statements is correct?

(a) Income from both properties is to be included in the hands of Mr.Arvind by virtue of
section 64.
(b) Income from property gifted to wife alone is to be included in Mr.Arvind's hands by virtue
of section 64.
(c) Mr.Arvind is the deemed owner of house property gifted to Ms.Meena and Ms.Seetha.
(d) Mr.Arvind is the deemed owner of property gifted to Ms.Meena. Income from property
gifted to Ms.Seetha would be included in his hands by virtue of section 64.

4. Mrs.Shivani, wife of Mr.Anurag, is a partner in a firm. Her capital contribution of Rs.5 lakhs to
the firm as on 1.4.2021 included Rs.3.5 lakhs contributed out of gift received from Anurag. The
firm paid interest on capital of Rs.50,000 and share of profit of Rs.60,000 during the F.Y.2021-
22. The entire interest has been allowed as deduction in the hands of the firm. Which of the
following statements is correct?

(a) Share of profit is exempt but interest on capital is taxable in the hands of Mrs.Shivani.
(b) Share of profit is exempt but interest of Rs.39,286 is includible in the income of Mr.
Anurag and interest of Rs.10,714 is includible in the income of Mrs.Shivani.
(c) Share of profit is exempt but interest of Rs.35,000 is includible in the income of Mr.
Anurag and interest of Rs.15,000 is includible in the income of Mrs.Shivani.
(d) Share of profit to the extent of Rs.42,000 and interest on capital to the extent of Rs.
35,000 is includible in the hands of Mr.Anurag.

5. Mr.Aarav gifted a house property valued at Rs.50 lakhs to his wife, Geetha, who in turn has gifted the
same to her daughter-in-law Deepa. The house was let out at Rs.25,000 per month throughout the
 84

P.Y.2021- 22. Compute income from house property for A.Y.2022-23. In whose hands is the income
from house property chargeable to tax?

(a) Rs.3,00,000 in the hands of Mr.Aarav

(b) Rs.2,10,000 in the hands of Mr.Aarav
(c) Rs.2,10,000 in the hands of Geetha
(d) Rs.2,10,000 in the hands of Deepa

6. If the converted property is subsequently partitioned among the members of the family, the income
derived from such converted property as is received by the spouse of the transferor will be taxable -

(a) as the income of the karta of the HUF

(b) as the income of the spouse of the transferor
(c) as the income of the HUF
(d) as the income of the transferor-member

7. Baby Meena (age 12), a child artist acted in feature films and earned Rs.3,50,000. The total income
of her father is Rs.5,20,000 and mother is Rs.4,80,000. The minor’s income would be:
a. Chargeable to tax in the hands of father
b. Chargeable to tax in the hands of mother
c. Chargeable to tax in her own hands
d. Fully exempt from tax

8. Rohit (a Chartered Accountant) is working as Accounts Officer in Raj (P) Ltd. on a salary of Rs.50,000
p.m. He got married to Ms.Pooja who holds 25% shares of this company. What will be the impact of
salary paid to Rohit by the company in the hands of Ms.Pooja:
a. 100% salary to be clubbed
b. 50% salary to be clubbed
c. No amount be clubbed
d. 25% salary to be clubbed

9. Choose the correct answer:

Income arising to a minor married daughter is:
a) To be assessed in the hands of the minor married daughter
b) To be clubbed with the income of that parent whose total income is higher
c) Completely exempt from tax
d) To be clubbed with the income of her husband

10. Mr.A has three minor children – two twin daughters and one son. Income of the twin daughters is
Rs.2,000 p.a. each and that of the son is Rs.1,200 p.a. Compute the income, in respect of minor
children, to be clubbed in the hands of Mr.A.
 85

CHAPTER – 15 CHAPTER VIA DEDUCTIONS

➢ Deductions under chapter VIA cannot exceed Gross Total Income

➢ Deductions are NOT available against incomes that are taxed at SPECIAL RATE

➢ Deductions can be in respect of certain:

• Expenditure incurred or payment made (eg. 80C, 80D); or
• Incomes (eg. 80IA to 80TTB)

➢ Deduction in respect of certain incomes such as 80-IA, 80-IAB, 80-IAC, 80-IB, 80IBA, 80-IC,
80-IE, 80JJA, 80JJAA, 80LA, 80M, 80P, 80PA, 80QQB and 80RRB shall be allowed only if the
return of income is filed before ‘due date’.

➢ Chapter VIA deductions are not available under the new tax regime under section 115BAC
except for Section 80CCD (2) and Section 80JJAA.

Section 80 C Deduction in respect of certain investments, deposits

To whom available: Individuals and HUF (resident or non-resident)

Amount of deduction: Maximum Rs.1,50,000

Condition: Payment should be made on or before 31st March

Investments which qualify for deduction under section 80 C:

• Life insurance premium paid on the life of individual, spouse, children (minor or major;
dependent or not)

Policy issued: Qualifying amount

Before 01.04.2012 20% of sum assured or actual premium (w.e.l)
On or after 01.04.2012 10% of sum assured or actual premium (w.e.l)

Policy on the life of any person suffering from any disability or disease:
Before 01.04.2012 20% of sum assured or actual premium (w.e.l)
Between 2012-13 10% of sum assured or actual premium (w.e.l)
On or after 01.04.2013 15% of sum assured or actual premium (w.e.l)

• Contribution to SPF or RPF out of salary

• Amount deposited in 15-year PPF (individual, spouse and children)
• Amount invested in NSC certificates (VIII issue) and interest accrued thereon
• Repayment of loan taken from banks for purchase or construction of a house
• Stamp duty (registration charges) paid on purchase or construction of a residential house
 86

• Tuition fees for education of the children in India (max: 2 children) (full time education)
• Investment in units of a tax-saver mutual fund
• Fixed deposit (tax-saver) in a scheduled bank for a period of 5 years
• Amount deposited in five year time deposit scheme in post office
• Contribution towards Unit Linked Insurance Plan (ULIP)
• Deposit in Senior Citizen Saving Scheme
• Deposit in Notified Bonds of NABARD
• Contribution to Sukanya Samriddhi Account notified by Central Government

Section 80 CCC: Contribution to the Pension Fund of LIC or any other

Insurance company

To whom available: Individuals only

Amount of deduction: Actual premium paid or Rs.1,50,000 (whichever is less)

Note: The aggregate of section 80C, 80CCC and 80CCD(1) cannot exceed Rs.1,50,000

Section 80 CCD: Contribution to the Notified Pension Scheme (NPS) set-

up by the Central Government

To whom available: Individuals only

U.S. 80CCD(1):
Amount of deduction: a. In case of a salaried employee:
• Amount contributed; or
• 10% of salary (basic + DA (F))
(whichever is less)

b. In case of self-employed:
• Amount contributed; or
• 20% of gross total income; or
(whichever is less)

Important: The aggregate of Section 80C, 80CCC & 80CCD(1) cannot exceed
Rs.1,50,000.

A. Additional deduction u.s.80CCD(1B) (apart from Rs.1,50,000):

Section 80CCD(1B) provides for an additional deduction up to Rs.50,000 in respect of amount
contributed under NPS. Hence an assessee can claim Rs.1,50,000 and also additional Rs.50,000
(in total Rs.2,00,000) to reduce his tax liability.
 87

B. Contribution by the EMPLOYER to the pension fund:

Contribution made by the employer is taxable under the head “salary” and such contribution is
separately allowed as deduction under section 80CCD (2) but not exceeding 10% of salary.
(14% shall be allowed as deduction if employer is Central Government).

C. ON CLOSURE OR OPTING OUT OF NPS BY ANY ASSESSEE:-

Section 10(12A) provides that any payment from NPS Trust on account of closure or his opting
out of the pension scheme, 60% of the total amount payable shall be exempt from tax.

D. PARTIAL WITHDRAWAL – EXEMPTION ONLY IN CASE OF EMPLOYEES:

Section 10(12B): In case of partial withdrawal by any employee: 25% of amount of contribution
made by the employee shall be exempt.

Note: Difference between 10(12A) and 10(12B): Section 10(12A) exemption is for all individuals
(salaried or self-employed) but Section 10(12B) is only for ‘salaried’ individuals.

Important: However, the amount received by the nominee on the death of the assessee shall NOT
be deemed to be the income of the nominee, hence exempt from tax.

Summary: Amount received on closure or opting out of NPS:

➢ 60% shall be exempt in case of total withdrawal for all assesses – Section 10(12A)
➢ 25% of the amount of contribution made by the employee shall be exempt in case of partial
withdrawal – Sec 10(12B)
➢ Received by nominee on death of the assessee shall be fully exempt

Section 80 CCE – Maximum deduction restricted to Rs.1,50,000:

The aggregate of section 80C, section 80CCC and section 80CCD(1) cannot exceed Rs.1,50,000.
Deduction u.s.80CCD(1B) and 80CCD(2) are separate deductions in addition to Rs.1,50,000.

Important: Section 80CCD(1B) and Section 80CCD(2) are not included in the above limit. They
are separate deductions.

Section 80 D: Health insurance premium paid to Insurance Company

or to Central Government Health Schemes

To whom available: Individuals and HUF (resident or non-resident)

Deduction on account of: a. Medical insurance premium paid; or

b. Expenditure on preventive health check-up; or
c. Medical expenditure on the health of a senior citizen not
having a mediclaim policy.
 88

I. Amount of deduction:

Category I:
For assessee, spouse and Rs.25,000 (or) actual premium paid (whichever is less)
dependent children Rs.50,000 if the assessee is a resident senior citizen

Category II:
For parents Separate deduction of Rs.25,000 if policy is taken on the health
of parents (dependant or not). Higher deduction of Rs.50,000
if parent is a resident senior citizen.

Conditions: a. Premium can be paid by any mode EXCEPT cash.

b. Mediclaim Policy can be taken on the health of the
individual, spouse, dependent children and parents.

Premium paid to cover more than one year:

In case of single premium health insurance policies having cover of more than one year, the
deduction is allowed on proportionate basis for the number of years for which health insurance
cover is provided.

II. Deduction in respect of expenditure on preventive health check-up:

The aggregate deduction on account of preventive health check-up of self, spouse, dependent
children, parents cannot exceed Rs.5,000. This is within the overall limit of Rs.25,000 (or)
Rs.50,000 mentioned above.

Important: Expenditure on preventive health check-up can be paid in cash.

III. Medical expenditure incurred on the health of a SENIOR CITIZEN (WHO IS NOT COVERED
BY ANY HEALTH INSURANCE) (as a welfare measure):
Expenditure on medical treatment of senior citizen (resident) for whom health insurance is not
available: Deduction is Rs.50,000 (or) actual medical expenditure (w.e.l.)

Provisions in brief: For his family For his parents

a. Medical Insurance premium Rs.25,000 Rs.25,000 (including expenses)
(no senior citizen)

b. Medical Insurance premium Rs.25,000 Rs.50,000 (including expenses)

(if parent is a senior citizen)

c. Medical Insurance premium Rs.50,000 Rs.50,000 (including expenses)

(if assesse is also a senior citizen)
 89

Section 80 DD Deduction in respect of expenditure incurred for

dependent persons with disability

To whom available: Resident individuals or resident huf

Amount of deduction: Rs.75,000 flat with less than 80% disability

Rs.1,25,000 flat with 80% or more disability
note: Actual expenditure is not relevant

note: A Certificate from the medical authority should be produced.

note: ‘Family’ includes: spouse, dependant children, dependant parents,

dependant brothers and sisters of the individual.

Section 80 DDB: Deduction in respect of expenditure incurred on medical

treatment of specified diseases or ailments

To whom available: Resident individuals or resident huf

Amount of deduction: Rs.40,000 or actual expenditure (whichever is less)

Rs.1,00,000 or actual expenditure (w.e.l for res. senior citizen)

Condition: The assessee is required to obtain a PRESCRIPTION from a

specialist doctor.

‘Family’ includes the assessee, spouse, dependant children, dependant parents, dependant brothers
and sisters of the individual.

Note: Deduction will be reduced to the extent of amount received from Insurance Company or towards
medical reimbursement from Employer.

Points Section 80DD Section 80DDB

• Assessee should be a: Resident Resident
• Suffering from: Disability Disease
• Actual expenditure: Not relevant Relevant
• Whether assessee is also included: No Yes
• Requirement: Medical certificate Prescription
 90

Section 80 E: Deduction i.r.o. loan taken for higher education

To whom available: Individuals only

Amount of deduction: Actual amount of interest

• The loan can be for the assessee himself or his spouse or his children or a student for whom the
assessee is the legal guardian.
• Loan can be borrowed from any Financial Institution or approved charitable institution
• Deduction is allowed for a period of 8 years
• Higher education in an educational institution can be in India or outside India

“Higher Education” means any course of study pursued after passing the Senior Secondary
Examination or its equivalent from any school or board recognized by the Government.

Section 80EE: Deduction i.r.o. interest on loan taken for

acquisition of a residential house

To whom available: Individuals only

Amount of deduction: Maximum Rs.50,000 (in addition to Rs.2,00,000 u.s.24)

Period of benefit: Till the repayment of loan

Conditions:
• The value of residential house does not exceed Rs.50,00,000
• The loan amount does not exceed Rs.35,00,000
• The loan is sanctioned during the previous year 2016-17
• The loan is borrowed from a bank or a housing finance company
• The assessee does not own any residential house on the date of sanction of loan

Note: The above deduction is only in respect of a self-occupied property

Section 80EEA: Deduction i.r.o. interest on loan taken for

acquisition of a residential house

To whom available: Individuals only

Amount of deduction: Maximum Rs.1,50,000 (in addition to Rs.2,00,000 u.s.24)

Period of deduction: Till the repayment of loan

 91

Conditions:
• The stamp duty value of residential house does not exceed Rs.45,00,000
• The loan should be sanctioned during the period 01.04.2019 to 31.03.2022
• The loan is borrowed from a bank or a housing finance company
• The assessee should not own any residential house on the date of sanction of loan

Note: The above deduction is available for both self-occupied and let-out properties

Points Section 80EE Section 80EEA

• Value of the property Rs.50 lakhs Rs.45 lakhs
• Deals with: Actual purchase price Stamp duty value
• Amount of loan: Rs.35 lacs Not specified
• Loan sanctioned during the period 2016-17 1.4.19 to 31.03.22
• Amount of deduction: Rs.50,000 Rs.1,50,000
• Deduction available: Only for self-occupied Both self and let out

Section 80 EEB: Deduction i.r.o. interest on loan taken for purchase of

Electric Vehicle:

To whom allowed: Individuals only

Conditions: a. Loan should be sanctioned during the period between 01.04.2019 to

31.03.2023

b. Loan should be sanctioned by a bank or NBFCs (non-banking finance

companies)

Amount of deduction: Maximum deduction Rs.1,50,000 in respect of interest

Period of deduction: Till the repayment of loan

 98

Section 80 G: Deduction in respect of Donations

To whom allowed: All Assessees (individuals, huf, firms, companies)

Conditions: Donation should be made only to approved institutions;

Donation should not be in kind;
Donation can be made in cash. However, donations in excess of
Rs.2,000 by cash not eligible for deduction.
Donation should not be made for the benefit of any particular religion,
caste, community, class, creed, etc

Amount of deduction: 100% of donations made to the following funds:

• Prime Minister’s Citizen Assistance and Relief in Emergency
Situations Fund (PM Cares Fund)
• Prime Minister’s National Relief Fund
• National Children’s Fund
• National Defence Fund
• National Foundation for Communal Harmony
• Zila Saksharta Samiti
• National Illness Assistance Fund
• National or State Blood Transfusion Council
• Gujarat Earth Quake Relief Fund
• National Sports Fund
• National Cultural Fund
• National Trust for Welfare of Persons with Mental Retardation,
Autism, Cerebral Palsy and multiple disabilities
• Swachh Bharat Kosh
• Clean Ganga Fund
• National Fund for Control of Drug Abuse

50% of donation made to the following funds:

• Prime Ministers Drought Relief Fund
• Jawaharlal Nehru Fund
• Indira Gandhi Memorial Trust
• Rajiv Gandhi Foundation

50% of qualifying amount if donations are made to the following:

• Approved charitable institution for charitable purpose
• Any approved temples, mosque, church, gurudwara or any
other place of national importance for repairs or renovation

Qualifying amount: Actual donation made (or) 10% of adjusted gross total income
(whichever is less) will qualify for 50% deduction.

Adjusted Gross Total Income means: Gross total income (-) incomes taxed at special rates (-)
all deductions u.s. 80 except 80 G
 99

Note: If donations are made to the Government for the PROMOTION OF FAMILY PLANNING then
100% of qualifying amount is allowed as deduction.

Section 80 GG: Deduction in respect of House Rent paid

To whom allowed: Individuals only

Amount of deduction: 25% of adjusted gross total income;

Rs.5,000 per month;
Rent paid (-) 10% of adjusted gross total income

whichever is less is allowed as deduction

Conditions:
• Deduction under this section is not available for salaried employees who receive HRA
• The assessee or his spouse or his minor child should not own any residential house at the
place where the assessee is employed or where he carries on his business.
• The assessee should not own any self-occupied property in India.

Adjusted Gross Total Income means: Gross total income (-) incomes taxed at special rates (-)
all deductions u.s. 80 except 80 GG.

Section 80 GGB: Deduction in respect of contributions made by companies

to any political party or an electoral trust:

To whom available: Indian Company

Amount of deduction: 100% of contribution made

Note: “Contribution” also includes expenditure incurred on

advertisement in a souvenir or a brochure published by a
political party.

Important: No deduction if donations are in cash.

 100

Section 80 GGC: Deduction in respect of contributions made by any person

to political parties or to an electoral trust

To whom available: Any assessee other than an Indian Company

Amount of deduction: 100% of contribution made to a political party or to an electoral

trust

Important: No deduction if donations are in cash.

Section 80 JJAA: Deduction i.r.o new employment

To whom available: All assesses to whom section 44AB applies (Tax Audit)

Amount of deduction: 30% of “additional employee cost”.

Period of deduction: 3 Assessment Years

1. “Additional employee”: An employee who is newly employed during the previous year

Who is not an additional employee:

• an employee whose total emoluments exceed Rs.25,000 per month; or

• an employee employed for a period of less than 240 days during the previous year
(150 days in case of an assessee engaged in the business of manufacturing of apparel or
footwear or leather products)

• an employee who does not participate in the recognized provident fund

2. “Additional Employee Cost”: Total emoluments paid or payable to additional employees

Condition: Emoluments should not be paid in cash. However, in the case of

first year of a new business the emoluments can be in cash.
 101

Section 80 QQB: Deduction in respect of royalty income of authors:

To whom available: Resident Individual

Conditions: a) Should be a book on literary, artistic or scientific nature

b) Income is derived by way of Royalty or Copyright fee

Amount of deduction: If received by way of lumpsum:

• Royalty income; or
• Rs.3,00,000 (whichever is less)

If not by way of lumpsum:

• Royalty income (not to exceed 15% of the value of books sold)
(before allowing expenses); or
• Rs.3,00,000 (whichever is less)

Note: ‘Books’ here does not include journals, guides, newspapers, textbooks for school students,
pamphlets, dairies and other publications of similar nature.

Note: Royalty earned outside India will qualify for deduction u.s.80QQB only if it is brought to
India in convertible foreign exchange within a period of six months from the end of the previous
year or within the time extended by RBI.

Section 80 RRB: Deduction in respect of royalty income on Patents

To whom available: Resident Individual

Conditions: a) Owner or Co-owner of a Patent

b) Patent should be registered under the Patents Act, 1970

Amount of deduction: 100% of royalty income (or) Rs.3,00,000 (whichever is less)

Section 80 TTA: Deduction i.r.o. interest on deposits in SAVINGS account

To whom available: Individual or HUF

Amount of deduction: Interest income (in aggregate) or Rs.10,000 (whichever is less)

Income eligible: Interest on savings account with a bank

Interest on savings account with a post office
Interest on savings account with a co-operative bank
 102

Important:
Deduction under this section is not available for senior citizens. Senior citizens can claim
deduction under section 80TTB.

Interest on post office savings account is also exempt u.s.10(15) up to Rs.3,500 in a single account
and Rs.7,000 in a joint account. Deduction u.s.80TTA is in addition to the amount exempt.

Section 80 TTB: Deduction i.r.o. interest on deposits in case of a senior

citizen (both SAVINGS & TIME DEPOSIT):

To whom available: A resident senior citizen

Amount of deduction: Interest income (in aggregate) or Rs.50,000 (whichever is less)

Income eligible: Interest on ‘time deposit’ or ‘savings account’ with a:

i. Bank; or
ii. Post Office; or
iii. Co-operative banks

Points Section 80 TTA Section 80 TTB

• To whom available Not allowed for Snr Ctzns Only for senior citizens
• Deals with: Interest on savings a/c only Any interest on savings/fixed/recurring
• Amount of deduction: Rs.10,000 (max) Rs.50,000 (max)

Section 80 U: Deduction in case of an assessee with disability

To whom available: Resident Individuals

Amount of deduction: Rs.75,000 in case of a person with disability

Rs.1,25,000 in case of a person with severe disability

Conditions: Medical Certificate should be produced

 92

Problems on Gross Total Income

1. Mr.A, resident, aged about 61 years, has earned business income of Rs.1,35,000; lottery income of
Rs.1,20,000 (gross) during the previous year 2021-22. He also has interest on fixed deposit of Rs.30,000
with banks. He invested an amount of Rs.1,50,000 in Public Provident Fund account. What is the total
income of Mr.A for the A.Y.2022-23. Ignore the provisions of Section 115BAC.

2. Compute the eligible deduction u.s. 80C for A.Y.2022-23 in respect of life insurance premium paid by
Mr.G during the previous year 2021-22, the details of which are given hereunder:

Date of issue Insured in the Actual capital Insc prm

of policy name of sum assured paid
30.03.2012 Self 5,00,000 51,000
01.05.2017 Spouse 1,50,000 20,000
01.06.2019 Handicapped son 4,00,000 80,000

3. Compute deduction allowed u.s.80 C from the following information:

Income from salary (after standard deduction) 10,00,000

Income from other sources 50,000

LIP on his own life (sum assured Rs.1,00,000) (issued on 01.04.2011) 25,000
LIP on the life of his major married son (not dependent on A) 10,000
LIP on the life of daughter suffering from disability (sum assured
Rs.1,00,000; issued on 01.04.2018) 18,000

Contribution to a Recognized Provident Fund 20,000

Amount deposited in 15-year PPF Account 15,000
Contribution to ULIP 10,000
Subscription to units of a Mutual fund notified u/s 10(23D) 25,000
Term deposit for 5 years with a scheduled bank 20,000
Deposit in Sukanya Samriddhi Scheme in the name of his girl child 10,000

Amount incurred on the education of:

Child X: Rs.14,000; Child Y: Rs.7,000; Child: Z Rs.5,000

Repayment of housing loan taken from LIC (principal amount Rs.20,000

and interest Rs.40,000). He had taken loan from LIC for construction of a
residential house which was completed in 1998 and which is being utilized
by A for his own residence. 60,000
 93

4. Mr.S, aged 67 years, furnishes the following particulars for the year ending 31.03.2022:

a. LIP paid – Rs.50,000, policy assured for Rs.2,00,000. Policy was taken in 2011.
b. Contribution to PPF – Rs.30,000 in the name of mother
c. Tuition fee payment – Rs.10,000 each for 3 daughters pursuing full time graduation course in
Chennai; Tuition fee for son pursuing MBA in a foreign university – Rs.1,00,000
d. Housing loan principal repayment – Rs.24,000 to HDFC Ltd. This property is under construction at
Chennai as on 31.03.2022
e. Principal repayment of housing loan taken from friend – Rs.50,000, property is self-occupied.
f. Deposit under Senior Citizens Savings Scheme – Rs.50,000
g. Deposits under Post Office Time Deposit Scheme (five years) – Rs.30,000
h. Investment in National Savings Certificate – Rs.30,000
i. Subscription to bonds issued by NABARD Rs.25,000
j. Term Deposits of Rs.25,000 with a Scheduled bank for a period of 5 years. This deposit was pledged
to avail education loan for his son. Compute deduction eligible under section 80 C.

Sec. 80 CCD
5. The basic salary of Mr.A is Rs.1,00,000 p.m. He is entitled to dearness allowance, which is 40% of basic
salary. 50% of dearness allowance forms part of pay for retirement benefits. Both Mr.A and his
employer, ABC Ltd., contribute 15% of basic salary to the pension scheme referred to in section 80
CCD. Explain the tax treatment in respect of such contribution in the hands of Mr.A.

6. Mrs.Sheela, widow of Mr.Satish (who was an employee of M/s. XYZ Ltd.), received Rs.7 lakhs on
1.10.2021, being amount standing to the credit of Mr.Satish in his NPS Account, in respect of which
deduction has been allowed under section 80CCD to Mr.Satish in the earlier previous years. Such
amount received by her as a nominee on closure of the account is deemed to be her income for
A.Y.2022-23. State whether the statement is true or false.

7. Mr.D a salaried employee with HDFC Bank is a subscriber to a National Pension Scheme (NPS). The
accumulated balance in his NPS account as on 31.01.2022 is Rs.50 lakhs. Out of which Rs.30 lakhs
were contributed by his employer and the balance of Rs.20 lakhs is his own contribution. Compute the
taxable amount on withdrawal in the following situations:

a. On 28th February, 2022 he had opted out of the scheme and withdrew the entire amount of
Rs.50 lakhs;

b. On 28th February, 2022 he made a partial withdrawal of Rs.20 lakhs out of contribution made
by him to his NPS account.

Sec 80 D:
8. Mr.A, aged 40 years, paid medical insurance premium of Rs.20,000 during the previous year 2021-22
to insure his health as well as the health of his spouse. He also paid medical insurance premium of
Rs.47,000 during the year to insure the health of his father, aged 63 years, who is not dependent on
him. He contributed Rs.3,600 to Central Government Health Scheme during the year on his health. He
has incurred Rs.3,000 in cash on preventive health check-up of himself and his spouse and Rs.4,000 by
cheque on preventive health check-up of his father. Compute the deduction u.s.80D for the A.Y.2022-
23.
 94

9. Mr.Y, aged 40 years furnishes the following information relating to premium on mediclaim policy paid
by cheque for the year ending 31.03.2022:

a. For self – Rs.15,000; b. for spouse, aged 37 years – Rs.7,000; c. for dependent father aged 63
years – Rs.52,000; d. for dependent mother-in-law, aged 57 years – Rs.5,000

b. Cash paid for preventive health check up of self and spouse – Rs.6,000

Compute deduction u.s.80D. What would be your answer, in case the premium was paid in cash.

10. Mr.X (58 years) is the assessee. Other members of his family are Mrs.X (55 years) and dependent
children Y and Z. Parents of X are resident in India but they have annual income of more than Rs.25
lakhs from business, rent and interest.

The following expenditure is incurred by X during the previous year 2021-22 for the purpose of
claiming deduction under section 80D:

Particulars: For X, Mrs.X, Y and Z For parents of X

Mediclaim insurance premium by cheque Rs.2,000 Rs.50,000
Paid by cheque to Central Govt Health Scheme Rs.6,000 nil
Cash payment for preventive health check-up Rs.8,000 Rs.7,000

11. Mr.Y, aged 40 years, paid medical insurance premium of Rs.22,000 during the previous year 2021-22
to insure his health as well as the health of his spouse and dependent children. He also paid medical
insurance premium of Rs.33,000 during the year to insure the health of his mother, aged 67 years, who
is not dependent on him. He incurred medical expenditure of Rs.20,000 on his father, aged 71 years,
who is not covered under Mediclaim policy. His father is also not dependent upon him. He contributed
Rs.6,000 to Central Government Health Scheme during the year. Compute the deduction u.s.80D for
the A.Y.2022-23.

12. Mr.A (aged 63), a resident Indian, paid for himself through account payee cheque, health insurance
premium of Rs.2,10,000 for 5 years in one lump sum on 28.12.2021. The eligible amount of deduction
u.s.80D for A.Y.2022-23 would be Rs………………….

a. Rs.50,000 c. Rs.30,000
b. Rs.35000 d. Rs.42,000

13. Rajiv paid Rs.1,20,000 by cheque on 05.01.2022 towards medical insurance premium for his parents
who are senior citizens and not dependent on him. The premium was to provide health insurance cover
for 3 years. How much is deductible u.s.80D for the A.Y.2022-23?

a. Rs.40,000 c. Rs.25,000
b. Rs.30,000 d. Rs.50,000
 95

14. Mr.Srivastav, aged 72 years, paid medical insurance premium of Rs.52,000 by cheque and Rs.4,000 by
cash during May, 2021 under a Medical Insurance Scheme of the General Insurance Corporation. The
above sum was paid for insurance of his own health. He would be entitled to a deduction under section
80D of a sum of –

(a) Rs.30,000
(b) Rs.50,000
(c) Rs.52,000
(d) Rs.56,000

Sec 80 DD
15. Mr.X is a RESIDENT individual. He deposits a sum of Rs.50,000 with Life Insurance Corporation every
year for the maintenance of his handicapped grandfather who is wholly dependent upon him. The
disability is one which comes under the Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of
Rights and Full Participation) Act, 1995. A copy of the certificate from the medical authority is
submitted. Compute the amount of deduction available u.s.80DD for A.Y.2022-23.

What will be the deduction if Mr.X had made this deposit for his dependant father with severe
disability?

16. Rajan, a resident Indian, has incurred Rs.15,000 for medical treatment of his dependent brother, who
is a person with severe disability and has deposited Rs.20,000 with LIC for his maintenance. For
A.Y.2022-23, Rajan would be eligible for deduction under section 80DD of an amount equal to:

(a) Nil
(b) Rs.35,000
(c) Rs.75,000
(d) Rs.1,25,000

Sec 80 DDB
17. Find out the amount of deduction under section 80DDB:

Name of the taxpayer X Y Z A B

Residential status Res Res Res Res Non-res

Expenditure incurred on
dependent mother 90,000 26,000 70,000 1,00,000 34,000

Age of mother 89 years 59 yrs 64 yrs 63 yrs 65 yrs

Residential status of mother Res Non-res Res Non-res Res

 96

Problems on Section 80 E:

18. X has taken three education loans from a Bank on April 1, 2021. The details are below:

Loan 1 Loan 2 Loan3

For whose education loan was taken X Son of X Daughter of X
Purpose of loan MBA B. Sc. BA

Amount of loan 5,00,000 2,00,000 4,00,000

Annual repayment of loan 1,00,000 40,000 80,000
Annual repayment of interest 20,000 10,000 18,000

Find out the amount deductible under section 80 E for the assessment year 2022-23.

Problem on Section 80EE:

19. Mr.A purchased a residential house property for self-occupation at a cost of Rs.45 lakh on 1.4.2017, in
respect of which he took a housing loan of Rs.35 lakh from Bank of India @ 9% p.a. on the same date.
The loan was sanctioned on 28th March, 2017. Compute the eligible deduction in respect of interest
on housing loan for A.Y. 2022-23 under the provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961, assuming that the
entire loan was outstanding as on 31.3.2022 and he does not own any other house property.

20. The following are the particulars relating to Mr.A and Mr.B, salaried individuals for A.Y.2022-23:

Particulars Mr.A Mr.B

Stamp duty value of the house Rs.45 lakhs Rs.48 lakhs
Amount of loan taken Rs.43 lakhs Rs.45 lakhs
Loan taken from HFC NBFC
Rate of interest 9% p.a. 9% p.a.

Date of sanction of loan 01.04.2021 01.04.2020

Date of disbursement of loan 01.05.2021 01.05.2020

Purpose of loan Purchase of Purchase of

house for self-occ house for self-occ

Compute deduction u.s.80EEA for A.Y.2022-23 assuming no principal repayment is made.

21. In respect of loan of Rs.40 lakhs sanctioned by SBI in April, 2021 for purchase of residential house
intended for self-occupation, compute the interest deduction allowable under the provisions of the Act
for A.Y.2022-23, assuming that the disbursement was made on 1st June, 2021, the rate of interest is
8% p.a. and the loan sanctioned was 80% of the stamp duty value of the property.

(a) Rs.2,00,000 u/s.24 and Rs.66,667 u/s.80EEA

(b) Rs.1,50,000 u/s.80EEA and Rs.1,16,667 u/s.24
(c) Rs.12,00,000 u/s.24 and Rs.50,000 u/s.80EEA
(d) Rs.2,00,000 u/s.24
 97

22. Mr.Ritvik has purchased his first house in Gwalior for self-occupation on 5.4.2021 for Rs.45 lakhs
(stamp duty value being the same) with bank loan sanctioned on 30.3.2021 and disbursed on 3.4.2021.
He paid interest of Rs.3.8 lakhs during the P.Y.2021-22. What is the tax treatment of interest paid by
him?

(a) Interest of Rs.2 lakhs allowable u/s 24

(b) Interest of Rs.2 lakhs allowable u/s 24 and Rs.1.8 lakhs allowable u/s 80EEA
(c) Interest of Rs.2 lakhs allowable u/s 24 and Rs.1.5 lakhs allowable u/s 80EEA
(d) Interest of Rs.1.5 lakhs allowable u/s 24 and Rs.1.5 lakhs allowable u/s 80EEA

Problem on Section 80EEB:

23. The following are the particulars relating to Mr.A and Mr.B, salaried individuals, for A.Y.2022-23:

Mr.A Mr.B
Amount of loan taken Rs.20 lakhs Rs.15 lakhs
Loan taken from NBFC Public Sector Bank

Date of sanction of loan 01.04.2020 30.3.2019

Date of disbursement of loan 01.05.2020 01.05.2019
Purpose of loan Electric vehicle Electric vehicle
for personal use for personal use

Cost of electric vehicle Rs.22 lakhs Rs.18 lakhs

Rate of interest 10% p.a. 10% p.a.
 103

Problems on Section 80 G:
24. Compute deduction u.s. 80 G of the IT Act in respect of Mr.X for A.Y. 2022-23:
Income from salary (computed) Rs.8,00,000. No other income for the assessee.
Deduction eligible under section 80 C Rs.1,50,000
Interest paid on loan taken (p.y. 21-22) from SBI for purchase of Electric vehicle Rs.1,72,000
Donation to PM CARES fund Rs.20,000 by cheque
Donation to Swachh Bharat Rs.20,000 by cheque
Donation to Prime Minister’s Drought Relief Fund Rs.20,000 by cheque
Donation to a registered charitable trust Rs.60,000 by cheque
Donation to a notified temple Rs.5,000 in cash

25. X (34 years), a resident individual, submits the following particulars:

Business income Rs.2,55,000;
Interest on debentures Rs.50,000;
Long-term capital gains on transfer of gold Rs.4,10,000;
Short-term capital gain on sale of shares taxable u/s.111A Rs.20,000;
Other short-term capital gain Rs.10,000;

Contribution towards PPF Rs.40,000;

Payment of medical insurance premium on own life Rs.28,000 through net banking
Interest paid on loan taken (p.y. 21-22) from NBFC for purchase of Electric vehicle Rs.1,80,000 for
personal use.

Donation to PM CARES fund Rs.4,000;

Donation to Swachh Bharat Kosh Rs.3,000;
Donation to Rajiv Gandhi Foundation Rs.1,000;
Donation to Prime Minister’s Drought Relief Fund Rs.5,000;
Donation to a poor boy for higher education Rs.5,000;
Donation to approved public charitable institution Rs.11,000;
Donation of clothes to an approved institution Rs.5,000;
Donation in cash to National Children Fund Rs.5,000
Donation to a charitable institution for construction of a rest house only for a particular religious
community Rs.25,000. Compute total income. Ignore provisions of Section 115BAC.

26. Mr.Shiva aged 58 years, has gross total income of Rs.9,25,000 comprising of income from salary and
house property. He has made the following payments and investments:

a. Premium paid to insure the life of his major daughter (policy taken on 1.4.2018) (assured value
Rs.1,80,000) – Rs.20,000.
b. Deposit in PPF Rs.1,00,000
c. LIC Pension Fund – Rs.60,000
d. Interest paid on loan taken from NBFC for purchase of Electric vehicle Rs.1,75,000
e. Medical Insurance premium for self – Rs.12,000; spouse – Rs.14,000.
f. Donation to PM CARES fund – Rs.25,000 by way of cheque
g. Donation to Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund – Rs.25,000 by way of cheque
h. Donation to approved institution for promotion of family planning – Rs.40,000 by cheque.
i. Donation to a public charitable institution registered under 80G Rs.50,000 by cheque.
Compute the total income of Mr. Shiva for A.Y. 2022-23.
 104

27. The maximum amount which can be donated in cash for claiming deduction under section 80G for the
P.Y. 2021-22 is:

(a) Rs.5,000
(b) Rs.10,000
(c) Rs.1,000
(d) Rs.2,000

28. Mr.Shiva made a donation of Rs.50,000 to PM Cares Fund and Rs.20,000 to Rajiv Gandhi Foundation
by cheque. He made a cash donation of Rs.10,000 to a public charitable trust. The deduction allowable
to him under section 80G for A.Y.2022-23 is:

(a) Rs.80,000
(b) Rs.70,000
(c) Rs.60,000
(d) Rs.35,000

Problems on Section 80 GG:

29. X, a professional tax consultant, based at New Delhi furnishes the following:

Income from profession Rs.8,30,000

Short-term capital gain (covered by section 111A) Rs.4,000
Long-term capital gain Rs.10,000
Winning from lottery (gross) Rs.50,000
Income from other sources Rs.10,000

Medical insurance premium paid by credit card Rs.8,000

Expenses on preventive health check-up on his health paid in cash Rs.7,500
Interest paid on loan taken from SBI for purchase of Electric vehicle Rs.1,72,000 for personal use
Payment of house rent Rs.80,000
Deposit in PPF Rs.70,000

Determine the amount of deduction under section 80 GG.

30. Mr.G (age 42), who is working in Delhi as a Manager of X Ltd. furnishes the following:

Income from salary (computed) Rs.5,64,000; Interest on bank fixed deposit Rs.10,000; Winning from
races (gross) Rs.7,000; He has taken on rent a furnished accommodation in Noida (UP) for which he
pays Rs.6,000 p.m. as rent.

Neither he, nor his wife, nor any minor child, owns any residential accommodation at Delhi or Noida.
However, his wife owns an accommodation in Bangalore, which she is claiming as self-occupied in her
assessment. Compute total income of Mr.G assuming he donates Rs.6,000 to PM CARES fund and
deposits Rs.20,000 in Suganya Samridhi Scheme. Compute total income for A.Y.2022-23. Ignore the
provisions of Section 115BAC.
 105

31. Mr.Ramesh pays a rent of Rs.5,000 per month. His total income is Rs.2,80,000 (i.e., Gross Total Income
as reduced by deductions under Chapter VI-A except section 80GG). He is also in receipt of HRA. He
would be eligible for a deduction under section 80GG of an amount of:

(a) Rs.60,000.
(b) Rs.32,000
(c) Rs.70,000
(d) Nil

32. Mr.Anuj is a businessman whose total income (after allowing deduction under Chapter VI-A except
under section 80GG) for A.Y. 2022-23 is Rs.5,95,000. He does not own any house property and is
staying in a rented accommodation in Patna for a monthly rent of Rs.9,000. Deduction under section
80GG for A.Y. 2022-23 is:

(a) Rs.48,500
(b) Rs.1,48,750
(c) Rs.1,08,000
(d) Nil

Problems on Section 80 GGB:

33. During the previous year 2021-22, ABC Ltd., an Indian company,
Contributed a sum of Rs.2,00,000 to an electoral trust by an account payee cheque; and
Incurred an expenditure of Rs.25,000 on advertisement in a souvenir of a political party

Is the company eligible for deduction in respect of such contribution/expenditure? If so, what is the
quantum of deduction?

Problems on Section 80 JJAA:

34. X & Co. is a limited liability partnership (date of commencement of business May 1, 2021). It owns and
operates retail outlets in different parts of North India. During the previous year 2021-22, it appoints
the following persons:

Date of appointment No. of employees Designation Salary (per person)

May 1, 2021 8 Storekeeper Rs.18,000 p.m.
June 1, 2021 12 Salesperson Rs.25,000 p.m.
July 1, 2021 4 Supervisor Rs.28,000 p.m.
October 1, 2021 25 Helper Rs.11,000 p.m.

Salary to storekeepers is paid in cash up to December 31, 2021. In other cases, salary is transferred by
use of electronic clearing system through SBI, Noida. Determine the amount of deduction available
u.s.80JJAA for the A.Y. 2022-23 under the following two situations:

1. Turnover of X & Co. for previous year 2021-22 is Rs.6 crores and tax audit is applicable
2. Turnover of X & Co. for previous year 2021-22 is Rs.90 lakhs and tax audit is not applicable.
 106

35. Mr.A has commenced the business of manufacture of computers on 1.4.2021. He employed 350 new
employees during the previous year 2021-22, the details of which are as follows:

No. of employees Date of Regular/Casual Monthly emoluments

employment per employee
75 1.4.2021 Regular Rs.24,000
125 1.5.2021 Regular Rs.26,000
50 1.8.2021 Casual Rs.24,500
100 1.9.2021 Regular Rs.24,000

The regular employees participate in provident fund while the casual employees do not.

Compute the deduction, if any, available to Mr.A for A.Y.2022-23, if the profits and gains derived from
manufacture of computers for that year is Rs.75 lakhs and total turnover is Rs.10.16 crores. What would
be your answer if Mr.A has commenced the business of manufacture of footwear on 1.4.2021?

Problem on section 80QQB:

36. Mr.X, an author, received a lumpsum royalty of Rs.8,00,000 for assignment of interest in copyright to a
publisher. The book is covered by section 80QQB. Expenditure incurred for earning such royalty is
Rs.2,40,000. Compute deduction available u.s.80QQB for Mr.X for A.Y.2022-23.

37. Mr.Y, an author, received royalty of Rs.2,70,000 which is 18% on value of books sold. The book is covered
by section 80QQB. Expenditure incurred for earning such royalty is Rs.10,000. The royalty is not a
lumpsum payment. Compute deduction available u.s.80QQB for Mr.Y for A.Y.2022-23.

38. Mr.A received royalty of Rs.2,88,000 from a foreign country for a book authored by him, being a work of
literary nature. The rate of royalty is 18% of value of books. The expenditure incurred by him for earning
this royalty was Rs.40,000. The amount remitted to India till 30 th September, 2021 is Rs.2,30,000. The
remaining amount was not remitted till 31 st March, 2022. Compute the amount includible in the gross
total income of Mr.A and the amount of deduction which he will be eligible for under section 80QQB.

Problem on Section 80 TTA:

39. Mr.R (42 years) furnishes the following information for the previous year 2021-22:
Income from salary (computed) Rs.24,00,000; Dividend from domestic companies Rs.12 lakhs (interest
paid on loan borrowed for investment in shares Rs.2,50,000); Interest on savings account with a bank
Rs.6,000; Interest on post office savings account Rs.8,500. Compute total income of the assessee.

Problems on Section 80 U:
40. X (age 39 years), suffers from disability (60%) duly certified by a specialist. X is employed as personal
assistant to the Managing Director in a private company on a monthly salary of Rs.50,000. Besides, X
submits the following particulars of income for the year ending 31.03.2022:

Interest on deposits with Indian companies Rs.50,000; Dividend from ABC (Pvt) Ltd. Rs.12 lakhs;
(interest paid on loan borrowed for investment in shares Rs.2,50,000); Interest on post office savings
bank account Rs.12,000. Determine the taxable income for the A.Y.2022-23.
41. Examine the following statements with regard to the provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961:
 107

(a) For grant of deduction u.s. 80JJAA, filing of audit report in prescribed form is must for a corporate
assessee; filing of return within the due date is not required.

(b) Filing of belated return under section 139(4) of the Income-tax Act, 1961 will debar an assessee from
claiming deduction under section 80QQB.

Solution:
(a) The statement is not correct. Filing of return of income on or before the due date is compulsory, for
availing the benefit of deduction, under section 80JJAA.

(b) The statement is correct. The assessee has to furnish his return of income on or before the due date
specified under section 139(1), to be eligible to claim deduction under section 80QQB.

ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS FROM THE INSTITUTE MATERIAL:

42. Mr.Gurnam, aged 42 years, has salary income (computed) of Rs.5,50,000 for the previous year ended
31.03.2022. He has earned interest of Rs.14,500 on the saving bank account with State Bank of India
during the year. Compute the total income of Mr.Gurnam for the assessment year 2022-23 from the
following particulars assuming that he does not opt for section 115BAC:

(i) Life insurance premium paid to Birla Sun life Insurance in cash amounting to Rs.25,000 for
insurance of life of his dependent parents. The insurance policy was taken on 15.07.2019 and the sum
assured on life of his dependent parents is Rs.2,00,000.

(ii) Life insurance premium of Rs.25,500 paid for the insurance of life of his major son who is not
dependent on him. The sum assured on life of his son is Rs.2,50,000 and the life insurance policy was
taken on 30.3.2012.

(iii) Life insurance premium paid by cheque of Rs.22,500 for insurance of his life. The insurance policy
was taken on 08.09.2018 and the sum assured is Rs.2,00,000.

(iv) Premium of Rs.26,000 paid by cheque for health insurance of self and his wife.

(v) Rs.1,500 paid in cash for his health check-up and Rs.4,500 paid in cheque for health check-up for
his parents, who are senior citizens.

(vi) Paid interest of Rs.6,500 on loan taken from bank for MBA course pursued by his daughter.

(vii) A sum of Rs.5,000 donated in cash to an institution approved for purpose of section 80G for
promoting family planning.

43. Examine the following statements with regard to the provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961:
 108

(i) During the financial year 2021-22, Mr.Amit paid interest on loan availed by him for his son’s higher
education. His son is already employed in a firm. Mr.Amit will get deduction u.s. 80E.
(ii) Subscription to notified bonds of NABARD would qualify for deduction under section 80C.

(iii) In order to be eligible to claim deduction under section 80C, investment/contribution/

subscription etc. in eligible or approved modes, should be made out of income chargeable to tax.

(iv) Where an individual repays a sum of Rs.30,000 towards principal and Rs.14,000 as interest in
respect of loan taken from a bank for pursuing eligible higher studies, the deduction allowable under
section 80E is Rs.44,000.

44. Examine the allowability of the following:

(i) Rajan has to pay to a hospital for treatment Rs.62,000 and spent nothing for life insurance or for
maintenance of handicapped dependent.

(ii) Raja, a resident Indian, has spent nothing for treatment in the previous year and deposited
Rs.25,000 with LIC for maintenance of handicapped dependant.

(iii) Rajan has incurred Rs.20,000 for treatment and Rs.25,000 was deposited with LIC for maintenance
of handicapped dependant.

(iv) Payment of Rs.50,000 by cheque to an electoral trust by an Indian company.

45. For A.Y. 2022-23, the GTI of Mr.Chaturvedi, a resident, was Rs.8,18,240 which includes LTCG of
Rs.2,45,000 taxable u.s.112 and STCG of Rs.58,000. The GTI also includes interest income of Rs.12,000
from savings account with banks and Rs.40,000 interest on fixed deposits with banks.

Mr.Chaturvedi has invested in PPF Rs.1,20,000 and also paid a medical insurance premium Rs.51,000.
Mr.Chaturvedi also contributed Rs.50,000 to Public Charitable Trust eligible for deduction u.s.80G by
way of an account payee cheque. Compute the total income and tax thereon of Mr.Chaturvedi, who is
70 years old as on 31.3.2022. Ignore the provisions of section 115BAC.

46. Mr.Rajmohan whose gross total income was Rs.6,40,000 for the financial year 2021-22 furnishes you
the following information:

a. Stamp duty paid on acquisition of residential house (self-occupied) Rs.50,000.

b. Five-year Post-Office Time Deposit Rs.20,000.
c. Donation to a recognized charitable trust Rs.25,000 eligible for deduction u.s. 80G.
d. Interest on loan taken for higher education of spouse paid during the year Rs.10,000.

Compute total income of Mr. Rajmohan for A.Y. 2022-23. Ignore the provisions of section 115BAC.
 109

47. Mr.Sharma, a resident individual, aged 40 years, suffers from severe disability as certified by medical
authority. He gives the following information for the previous year 2021-22:

He had written a book for Himalaya Publication on “Yoga and its benefits”. A lump sum amount of
royalty income earned in the previous year 2021-22 amounted to Rs.6,00,000. Expenses incurred for
writing the book amounted to Rs.20,000.

His friends gifted a statue of Lord Ganesh to his daughter Ms.Diya (aged 14 years) on the successful
completion of her secondary school. Fair market value of the statue is Rs.55,000.

The following gift was received on the occasion of his son’s (aged 10 years) thread ceremony:
• From in-laws, gold chain worth Rs.35,000

He had deposited Rs.50,000 in fixed deposit with Bank of Baroda in the name of his son in March 2022.
Interest earned on such deposit Rs.5,000.

He donated Rs.5,000 in cash to Swabhiman, a NGO set up for the destitute (the association was
registered under section 80G of the Income-tax Act, 1961).

He paid life insurance premium on his life Rs.10,000 (sum assured Rs.1,00,000)

Compute the total income of Mr.Sharma for the Assessment Year 2022-23. Ignore the provisions of
section 115BAC.

Answer:

Income from other sources:

Royalty received 6,00,000
Less: Expenses 20,000 5,80,000

Gift of Statue (sculpture) 55,000

Less: Exempt u.s.10(32) 1,500 53,500

Value of gold chain received from relative not taxable

Interest on fixed deposit 5,000

Less: Exempt u.s.10(32) 1,500 3,500

Gross Total Income 6,37,000

Less: Chapter VIA deductions:

Section 80C 10,000
Section 80G (in cash) not eligible
Section 80QQB (5,80,000 or 3 lacs) 3,00,000
Section 80U (severe disability) 1,25,000 4,35,000
Total Income 2,02,000
 115

Section Item Limit Tds rate Remarks

192 Salary basic exemption Slab rate At the time of payment
192A P.F. amount Rs.50,000 or more 10% Premature withdrawal

194A Interest Rs.5,000/Rs.40,000 10% On time deposits (50k for senr cit)

194B Casual Income >Rs.10,000 30% At the time of payment

194BB Horse races >Rs.10,000 30% At the time of payment

194C Contract payment >Rs.30,000 or Rs.1 lakh 1% or 2% Nil for transport operators

194D Insurance commission >Rs.15,000 5% Payment or credit (w.e.earlier)

194DA Life Insc maturity Rs.1 lac or more 1% No tds if exempt u.s.10(10D)

194E Non-resident sportsman Any amount 20.8% basic rate + cess applicable

194G Commn on sale of lottery >Rs.15,000 5% Payment or credit (w.e.earlier)

194H Commission/Brokerage >Rs.15,000 5% Payment or credit (w.e.earlier)

194I Rent >Rs.2,40,000 p.a. 10% or 2% Payment or credit (w.e.earlier)

194IA Purchase of imm property Rs.50 lakhs or more 1% N.A. for agrl land in rural area

194IB Payment of rent > Rs.50,000 p.m. 5% Applicable for non-audit cases

194IC Payment under specified

agreement Any amount 10% No tds for consideration in kind

194J Professional services >Rs.30,000 10% or 2%

Director fee no limit specified Payment or credit (w.e.earlier)

194LA Compensation from Govt > Rs.2,50,000 10% ****

194M Contract/Prof fee/Commn > Rs.50 lakhs 5% Applicable for non-audit cases
194N Cash withdrawal > 1 crore; > 20 lacs 2% or 5% By Banks, Post office or Co-op soc
194O ECO to resident ECP any amount 1% Other sections not applicable
 110

CHAPTER – 16A: ADVANCE TAX PROVISIONS

The total income of an assessee for the previous year is taxable in the relevant assessment year.
For example, the total income for the P.Y. 21-22 is taxable in the A.Y. 22-23. However, income-
tax is recovered from the assessee in the previous year itself through:-

a. Tax deduction at source (TDS);

b. Tax collection at source (TCS);
c. Advance tax

Advance tax is payable by every person where the final tax payable after adjusting TDS is
Rs.10,000 or more. Advance payment of tax is also known as “Pay as you Earn” scheme.

The assessee is required to estimate his CURRENT INCOME for the year under various heads
and pay advance tax on due dates. However, in the case of, income by way of CAPITAL GAINS
and CASUAL INCOME, assessee is required to pay advance tax only after such income is earned.

Note: Tax paid before 31st March of the relevant previous year is called “Advance Tax”
e.g. tax paid between 01.04.2021 and 31.03.2022 shall be treated as advance tax paid for the
previous year 2021-22. Any tax paid after 31st March is called as Self-assessment tax.

What is self-assessment tax?

‘Self-Assessment Tax’ means final tax payable by the assessee on the returned income after
adjusting TDS and Advance tax.

Important: Tds credit can be taken only if it is deducted by the payer. If tax is not deducted
at source then no credit can be taken by the assessee.

Advance tax payable by assesse covered u.s.44AD & 44ADA:

An assessee who has opted Section 44AD or Section 44ADA, shall pay the whole amount of
Advance Tax in one installment on or before 15th March.

NOT APPLICABLE FOR SENIOR CITIZENS:

Advance tax provisions are NOT applicable in the case of a RESIDENT SENIOR CITIZEN not
having income by way of business or profession.

For all assesses:

Advance tax is payable as follows: For all assesses
• On or before June 15 15% of advance tax
• On or before September 15 45% of advance tax
• On or before December 15 75% of advance tax
• On or before March 15 100% of advance tax
 111

1. Discuss whether the following assesses are liable to pay advance tax for AY 2022-23:

• Where the total income of Mr.X (a non-resident) is Rs.4,00,000 (tds: nil)

• Where the total income of Mr.Y (a resident) is Rs.6,00,000 (tds: Rs.23,800)
• Turnover of Mr.A Rs.1,50,00,000; He has opted for section 44 AD.
• Gross receipts of a Doctor Rs.34,00,000. He has opted for section 44ADA.
• A senior citizen having pension income of Rs.3 lakhs and property income of Rs.5 lakhs
• Total income of Mr.R (a resident), aged 64 years is Rs.15,00,000 (having business income)

2. Mr.A, whose total sales is Rs.201 lakhs, declares profit of Rs.10 Iakhs for the F.Y. 2021-22. He is
liable to pay advance tax:–

(a) in one instalment

(b) in two instalments
(c) in three instalments
(d) in four instalments

3. Mr.Raj (a non-resident and aged 65 years) is a retired person, earning rental income of Rs.40,000
per month from a property located in Delhi. He is residing in Canada. Apart from rental income, he
does not have any other source of income. Is he liable to pay advance tax in India?

(a) Yes, he is liable to pay advance tax in India as he is a non-resident and his tax liability in
India exceeds Rs.10,000.
(b) No, he is not liable to pay advance tax in India as his tax liability in India is less than
Rs.10,000.
(c) No, he is not liable to pay advance tax in India as he has no income chargeable under the
head "Profits and gains of business or profession" and he is of the age of 65 years.
(d) Both (b) and (c)

4. The benefit of payment of advance tax in one installment on or before 15th March is available to
assessees computing profits on presumptive basis:—

(a) only under section 44AD

(b) under section 44AD and 44ADA
(c) under section 44AD and 44AE
(d) under section 44AD, 44ADA and 44AE

5. Mr.Jha, an employee of FX Ltd, attained 60 years of age on 15.05.2021. He is resident in India during
F.Y 2021-22 and earned salary income of Rs.5 lakhs (computed). During the year, he earned Rs.7
Iakhs from winning lotteries. What shall be his advance tax liability for A.Y. 2022-23? Assume he
does not opt to pay tax under section 115BAC.
 112

(a) Rs.2,20,000 + Cess Rs.8,800 = Rs.2,28,800, being the tax payable on total Rs.12 Iakhs
(b) Rs.2,10,000 + Cess Rs.8,400 = Rs.2,18,400, being the tax payable on lottery income of Rs.7
Iakhs
(c) Rs.10,000 + Cess Rs.400 = Rs.10,400, being the net tax payable on salary income, since
tax would have been deducted at source from lottery income.
(d) Nil

6. An interior decorator has opted for presumptive taxation scheme under section 44ADA for A.Y.
2022-23:–

(a) He is liable to pay advance tax on or before 15.3.2022

(b) He is not liable to advance tax
(c) He is liable to pay advance tax in three instalments i.e., on or before 15.9.2021,
15.12.2021 and 15.3.2022
(d) He is liable to pay advance tax in four instalments i.e. on or before 15.6.2021, 15.9.2021,
15.12.2021 and 15.3.2022

7. The following details are provided by Mr.P, an individual, for the assessment year 2022-23.
Total estimated tax payable Rs.2,00,000
TDS (estimated but not deducted) Rs.55,000
Determine the advance tax payable with their due dates for the assessment year 2022-2023.

8. The estimated Total Income of Mr.R is Rs.9,00,000 which includes Rs.1,00,000 on account of LTCG
on sale of jewellery earned on 26.09.2021. Compute the advance tax payable by R, assuming
Rs.11,000 has been deducted at source.

9. Mr.K furnished the following information for the year ended 31.03.2022:
Income from business Rs.40,000
Lottery winnings (gross) Rs.6,00,000
Income by way of salary (computed) Rs.90,000
Loss from house property Rs.20,000

Compute his total income, tax liability and advance tax obligations.

10. Mr.Mani, a resident individual, sold a plot of land on 20 th March, 2022. Long term capital gain on
such sale amounted to Rs.5,00,000. Since he had no other income during the previous year 2021-
22, he did not pay any advance tax instalment. You are required to calculate the amount of advance
tax payable by Mr.Mani, if any.

Base your answer on the relevant provisions relating to the payment of advance tax on income from
capital gain and advise Mr.Mani suitably, so that the liability on late payment does not arise.
 113

INTEREST UNDER SECTION 234 A, B & C:

Interest u.s.234 A:
a. When interest is charged: If return is not filed before due date and tax is still due
b. Rate of Interest: 1% p.m. or part of a month on the tax due
c. Period of interest: From 1st day immediately following the due date till taxes
are paid

note: Self-assessment tax paid before the due date and return submitted after due date:
If entire amount of taxes are paid before the due date of filing return, no interest shall
be charged for mere delay in filing the tax return.

note: Interest is to be calculated on the amount of tax due rounded off in multiples of Rs.100
ignoring fraction. For eg. Tax due Rs.35730 or Rs.35,780; Interest will be computed
on Rs.35,700.

11. Taxable income of Mr.A for the year ending 31.03.2022 is Rs.10,00,000. Tax deducted at source
is Rs.37,000. Advance tax paid is Rs.25,000. Due date of filing return of income is 31 st July,
2022. Self-assessment tax including interest was paid on 25th September 2022 and return was
filed by Mr.A on the same day. Compute the interest payable u.s.234 A.

Would your answer differ if he had paid the self-assessment tax on 30.07.2022 but filed his
return of income on 31.10.2022.

Interest u.s.234 B:
a. When interest is charged: Failure to pay advance tax (or) advance tax paid is less than
90% of the “assessed tax”.

b. Rate of Interest: 1% p.m. or part of a month of the tax due commencing from 1 st
April of the relevant assessment year and ending till the entire
tax is paid.

Note: For A.Y.2022-23, interest will be charged from 01.04.2022, if

advance tax is not paid before 31.03.2022.

Note: “Assessed tax” means Original tax (-) TDS

Interest u.s.234 C:
a. When interest is charged: If the installments paid are not proper (i.e. amount paid is less
than the installment due)

b. Rate of Interest: 1% p.m. or part of a month

 114

note: Interest u.s.234 C will be charged only up to 31 st March of the relevant previous year.
Interest u.s.234 B will be charged from 1 st of April of the relevant assessment year.

Note: An assessee is required to pay first two installments of 15% and 45% of the “assessed
tax” in advance on the due dates. However, interest u.s.234C shall not be charged if the
assessee had paid atleast 12% and 36% of the “assessed tax”.

12. Tax on total income of Mr.X for the previous year 2021-22 is Rs.4,80,000. Tax deducted at
source Rs.80,000. Compute interest under section 234B in the following situations if:

a. No advance tax is paid by Mr.X and self-assessment tax is paid on 10.09.2022; or

b. Advance tax paid on 31.03.2022 is Rs.3,75,000

13. Original tax due Rs.1,00,000; Tax deducted at source Rs.40,000; Compute interest payable
under section 234C in the following situations if:

a. No advance tax is paid by the assesse; or

b. Advance tax paid on:

15.06.2021 Rs.5,000
15.09.2021 Rs.10,000
15.12.2021 Rs.15,000
15.03.2022 Rs.20,000

c. Advance tax paid on:

15.06.2021 Rs.8,000
15.09.2021 Rs.14,000
15.12.2021 Rs.18,000
15.03.2022 Rs.14,000

14. Mr.Jay having total income of Rs.8,70,000, did not pay any advance tax during the previous year
21-22. He wishes to pay the whole of the tax, along with interest if any, on filing the return in
the month of July, 2022. What is the total tax which Mr.Jay has to deposit as self-assessment
tax along with interest, if he files the return on 29.07.2022? Assume that he does not exercise
the option u.s.115BAC.
 116

CHAPTER – 16B: TAX DEDUCTED AT SOURCE

1. When tax is required to be deducted at source?
Tax is required to be deducted at source either at the time of making the payment (or) at the time of
giving credit, whichever is earlier. However, in few cases, tax shall be deducted only at the time of
making the payment.

2. State whether an “individual” is required to comply with tds provisions.

Companies & Firms have to compulsorily comply with TDS provisions. Individuals are required to
deduct tax at source only if Turnover/Sales/Gross receipts during the immediately preceding
financial year has exceeded Rs.1 crore in case of business or Rs.50 lakhs in case of profession.

3. When tds is required to be remitted to the Government?

The TDS amount has to be remitted within ONE WEEK FROM THE END OF THE MONTH during
which such tax was liable to be deducted. However, tds relating to the month of MARCH, can be
remitted before 30th of April.

4. Failure to furnish PAN will attract higher rate of tds – Section 206AA.
Every person shall furnish his PAN to the person responsible for deducting such tax. In case there is
a failure to do so, tax shall be deducted at the HIGHER of the following rates:

• at the rate prescribed in the Act; or

• at the rate in force i.e., the rate mentioned in the Finance Act; or
• at the rate of 20% (5% in case of section 194O and section 194Q)

5. Higher rate of tds for non-filers of income-tax return – Section 206AB.

TDS on amount payable to a specified person shall be at HIGHER of the following rates:

• at twice the rate prescribed in the relevant provisions of the Act; or

• at twice the rate or rates in force i.e., the rate mentioned in the Finance Act; or
• at 5%

Important:
If both sections are applicable (section 206AA and 206AB); the higher of the two rates shall apply.
Section 206AB is not applicable for section 192, 192A, 194B, 194BB or 194N

Specified person: A person who has not filed income-tax returns for last two previous years
preceding the previous year in which the tax is required to be deducted and the aggregate of tds
and tcs in his case is Rs.50,000 or more in each of these two previous years.

6. What are the due dates for filing e-tds returns.

Quarter ending Due date
30th June On or before 31st July
30 September
th On or before 31st October
31 December
st On or before 31st January
31st March On or before 31st May of the following financial year
 117

OTHER POINTS:
a. Tax shall be deducted only on business payments and not on personal payments
(also refer Section 194M)
b. No TDS shall be made on payments made to Government, Banks
c. TDS is only on the INCOME portion excluding GST

Problems:
1. Mr.Y, an individual whose total sales in business during the year ending 31.03.2021 was Rs.3.20
crores, pays Rs.9 lakhs by cheque on 1.1.2022 to a contractor for construction of his business
premises in full and final settlement. Whether Y has to deduct tds?

2. SBI pays Rs.1,00,000 p.m. as rent to the Central Government for a building in which one of its
branches is situated. Whether SBI has to deduct tax at source?

3. Mrs.Rakshita, a Chartered Accountant has raised a fees bill on LMN P Ltd., for Rs.3,00,000 and in
addition, has charged separately GST of 18% i.e. Rs.54,000, the total amount of the bill being
Rs.3,54,000. The amount of tax to be deducted at source by LMN P Ltd. is:

A) Rs.30,000 C) Rs.6,000
B) Rs.31,200 D) Rs.6,240

Section 192: TDS ON SALARIES:

Time of deduction: At the time of payment
Rate of TDS: Slab rates
Limit: If salary exceeds basic exemption

Note: The employee can also declare his other incomes, if any, to the
employer for the purpose of tax deduction.

Note: No loss can be declared to the employer except loss from house
property.

Section 192A: PREMATURE WITHDRAWAL FROM PROVIDENT FUND:

Time of deduction: At the time of payment
Rate of TDS: 10% (42.744% if PAN is not furnished)
Limit: Rs.50,000 or more

Note: Tax shall be deducted on the amount withdrawn only in case where
the employee has not completed five years of continuous service
(NO TDS in cases of termination due to ill health, contraction or
discontinuance of business, cessation of employment).
 118

4. Mr.Sharma, an employee of M/s.ABC Ltd. since 10.04.2018 resigned on 31.03.2022 and withdrew
Rs.60,000 being the balance in his EPF account. State with reasons whether the provisions of Chapter
XVII-B are attracted and if so, what is the net amount receivable by Mr.Sharma? Would your answer
differ if the termination of employment was due to his ill health?

Section 193: INTEREST ON SECURITIES

Rate of TDS: 10%
Limit: If income exceeds Rs.5,000

Section 194: DIVIDEND TO RESIDENT SHAREHOLDERS

Rate of TDS: 10%
Limit: If income exceeds Rs.5,000

Section 194A: TDS ON INTEREST OTHER THAN INT ON SECURITIES

Time of deduction: Payment or credit (whichever is earlier)
Rate of TDS: 10%
Limit: If the amount of interest exceeds Rs.5,000

Note: “Time” deposits with (banks, post office or co-operative banks) are
required to deduct tax only if the interest exceeds Rs.40,000
(Rs.50,000 for senior citizen). “Time” deposits include “fixed”
deposits and “recurring” deposits.

Note: TDS is not attracted in the following cases:

a. Interest on savings account;
b. Interest paid by a firm to its partner;
c. Interest on the compensation amount awarded by the Motor Accidents Claims
Tribunal where interest payment does not exceed Rs.50,000.

5. Examine the TDS implications under section 194A in the cases mentioned hereunder:
On 1.10.2021, Mr.H made a six-month fixed deposit of Rs.10 lakhs @ 9% p.a. with ABC Co-operative
Bank. The fixed deposit matures on 31.03.2022.

On 1.6.2021, Mr.G made three nine month fixed deposit of Rs.3 lakh each carrying interest @ 9%
with ‘A’ Branch, ‘B’ Branch and ‘C’ Branch of SBI, a bank which has adopted CBS. The fixed deposits
mature on 28.02.2022.

On 1.4.2021, Mr.R started a 1 year recurring deposit of Rs.80,000 per month @ 8% p.a. with PQR
Bank. The recurring deposit matures on 31.03.2022 and interest amount is Rs.41,600.
 119

6. Nathan Gramin Bank, which does not have core banking facility, has paid the following amounts as
interest to Mrs.H, a resident individual on 31.03.2022:

Particulars Branch I Branch II

Interest on fixed deposit Rs.24,000 Rs.28,000
Interest on recurring deposit Rs.14,000 Rs.9,200
Total Rs.38,000 Rs.37,200

What is the amount of tax to be deducted at source? Will the answer differ, if the bank has core
banking facility?

7. A firm pays salary and interest on capital to its resident partners. The salary and interest paid fall
within the limits specified in section 40(b). Which of the following statements is true?

(a) Tax has to be deducted u/s.192 on salary and u/s.194A on interest

(b) Tax has to be deducted u/s.192 on salary but no tax needs to be deducted on interest
(c) No tax has to be deducted on salary but tax has to be deducted u/s.194A on interest
(d) No tax has to be deducted at source on either salary or interest

Section 194B: TDS ON CASUAL INCOME

Time of deduction: At the time of payment
Rate of TDS: 30% with or without PAN
Limit: If income exceeds Rs.10,000

Note: In a case where the winnings are in kind, the person responsible for paying shall, before
releasing the winnings, ensure that tax has been paid in respect of the winnings.

8. X won the first prize in a lottery ticket on 15.01.2022 and the prize was a Car worth Rs.5 lakhs. What
is the procedure to be adopted before handing over the car to X?

9. A TV channel pays Rs.15,00,000 on 1.11.2021 as prize money to the winner of a quiz programme,
“who will become a millionaire”?

10. Mr.X, a resident Indian, wins Rs.10,000 in a lottery. Which of the statement is true?
(a) Tax is deductible u.s.194B @ 30%
(b) Tax is deductible u.s.194B @ 30.9%
(c) No tax is deductible at source
(d) None of the above

Section 194BB: TDS ON WINNINGS FROM HORSE RACE

Time of deduction: At the time of payment
Rate of TDS: 30% with or without PAN
Limit: If income exceeds Rs.10,000
 120

Section 194C: PAYMENT TO CONTRACTORS & SUB-CONTRACTORS

1. Contract of WORK: Payment to a contractor or to a sub-contractor for carrying out any

WORK (including supply of labour for carrying out any work),
in connection with a contract or a sub-contract.

2. Rate of TDS: 1% in case payment is made to an individual or huf

2% in case payment is made to others (eg. firm or company)

No tds in case payment is made to a truck operator, if he furnishes

PAN and also gives a declaration that he does not own more than
ten trucks.

3. Limit for deduction: Single contract exceeding Rs.30,000 or the aggregate of all the
contracts exceeds Rs.1,00,000 in a year

4. Time of deduction: Payment or credit (whichever is earlier)

Note: “Work” includes:

• advertising;
• broadcasting and telecasting including production of programmes;
• catering;
• carriage of goods or passengers by any mode of transport other than by railways;
• manufacturing or supplying a product according to the requirement or specification of
the customer by using material purchased from such customer or its associate, being a
person related to the customer.

Explanation:
However, “WORK” does not include manufacturing or supplying a product according to the
requirement or specification of a customer by using material purchased from a person other than
such customer or associate of such customer. Such a contract is a contract for ‘sale’.

Note: Where any sum paid to the contractor by an individual and such sum is incurred
exclusively for PERSONAL PURPOSES, tax shall not be deducted at source.

11. Godrej Ltd. gives cloth to Mr.X and asks Mr.X to stitch shirts as per the specifications given by Godrej
Ltd. Mr.X charges in his invoice Rs.200 per shirt for stitching 10,000 shirts and raises a bill for
Rs.20,00,000. Discuss whether Godrej Ltd. has to deduct tax at source.

12. By virtue of an agreement with a nationalized bank, a catering organization (a sole proprietary
concern) receives a sum of Rs.50,000 p.m. towards supply of food, water, snacks, etc, during office
hours to the employees of the bank.
 121

13. ABC Ltd. makes the following payments to Mr.X, a contractor, for contract work during the previous
year 2021-22:

Rs.20,000 on 1.05.2021
Rs.25,000 on 1.08.2021
Rs.28,000 on 1.12.2021

On 1.3.2022, a payment of Rs.30,000 is due to Mr.X on account of a contract work. Discuss whether
ABC Ltd. is liable to deduct tax at source u.s.194 C from payments made to Mr.X

14. State the concessions granted to transport operators in the context of cash payments u/s.40A(3) and
deduction of tax at source u/s.194C.

Section 194D: TDS ON INSURANCE COMMISSION

Time of deduction: Insurance companies on payments made to insurance agents
Rate of TDS: 5%
Limit: If payment exceeds Rs.15,000

Section 194DA: MATURITY AMOUNT FROM INSURANCE COMPANY

Time of deduction: Insurance companies at the time of payment
Rate of TDS: 5% on the amount of “INCOME”
Limit: Maturity amount is Rs.1,00,000 or more

Note: Maturity amount received from Insurance company is exempt

u.s.10(10D) if certain conditions are satisfied. No tax shall be
deducted if the maturity amount is exempt.

Note: ‘INCOME’ means: Amount received on maturity (-) total premium paid

15. Examine the applicability of Section 194DA in the following cases:

a. Mr.X, a resident, is due to receive Rs.4,50,000 on 31.3.2022, towards maturity proceeds of LIC
policy taken on 1.4.2019, for which the sum assured is Rs.4,00,000 and the annual premium is
Rs.1,25,000.

b. Mr.Y, a resident, is due to receive Rs.3,25,000 on 31.3.2022 on LIC policy taken on 31.03.2012,
for which the sum assured is Rs.3,00,000 and annual premium is Rs.35,000

c. Mr.Z, a resident, is due to receive Rs.95,000 on 1.10.2021 towards maturity proceeds of LIC
policy taken on 1.10.2015 for which the sum assured is Rs.90,000. The annual premium was
Rs.12,000.
 122

16. Mr.X, a resident, is due to receive Rs.4.50 lakhs on 31.3.2022, towards maturity proceeds of LIC
policy taken on 1.4.2019, for which the sum assured is Rs.4 lakhs and the annual premium is
Rs.1,25,000. Mr.Z, a resident, is due to receive Rs.95,000 on 1.10.2021 towards maturity proceeds
of LIC policy taken on 1.10.2013 for which the sum assured is Rs.90,000 and the annual premium is
Rs.10,000.

(a) Tax is required to be deducted on income comprised in maturity proceeds payable to

Mr.X and Mr.Z
(b) Tax is required to be deducted on income comprised in maturity proceeds payable to
Mr.X
(c) Tax is required to be deducted on income comprised in maturity proceeds payable to
Mr.Z
(d) No tax is required to be deducted on income comprised in maturity proceeds payable to
either Mr.X or Mr.Z

Section 194E: TDS ON PAYMENTS MADE TO NON-RESIDENT SPORTSMAN

Who will deduct tax: Any person making payment to any non-resident sportsman
(including an athlete) who is not a citizen of India.

Rate of TDS: 20.8% (including cess) of such payments. If payment exceeds

Rs.50 lacs or one crore then surcharge is also applicable.

Note: Income received by a non-resident sportsman (including an athlete) by way of:

• participation in any game or sport in India; or
• advertisement; or
• contribution of articles relating to any game or sport in India in newspapers, magazines
or journals.

17. Calculate the amount of tax to be deducted at source (TDS) on payment made to Ricky Ponting, an
Australian cricketer, by a newspaper agency for contribution of articles Rs.80,000.

Section 194G: COMMISSION ON THE SALE OF LOTTERY TICKETS

Time of deduction: Payment or credit (whichever is earlier)
Limit for deduction: Commission exceeding Rs.15,000
Rate of TDS: 5%

Section 194H: TDS ON COMMISSION OR BROKERAGE

Time of deduction: Payment or credit (whichever is earlier)
Limit for deduction: Commission exceeding Rs.15,000
Rate of TDS: 5%
 123

Section 194I: TDS ON RENT

Time of deduction: Payment or credit (whichever is earlier)
Limit for deduction: Rent exceeding Rs.2,40,000 p.a. for each co-owner
Rate of TDS: 10% in case land and building or furniture
2% in case of plant and machinery

Note: Rent means any payment under any lease or sub-lease

CBDT Circular: Payments made by the customers on account of cooling charges to

the Cold Storage owners cannot be treated as rent. In such cases,
tds is required to be deducted u.s.194C and not u.s..194I.

Note: No tds if the house owner furnishes declaration in Form 15G/15H

to the tenant

18. Mr.R, Mr.M and Mr.S, jointly owned a flat in Mathura, which was let out to Dr.Rajesh from
01.04.2021. The annual rent paid by Dr.Rajesh for the flat was Rs.5,40,000, credited equally to each
of their account. Mr.Rajesh approached his tax consultant to seek clarity in relation to deduction of
tax on payment of the rent. He informed his consultant that he occupied such flat for his personal
use and his receipts from his profession during the previous year 2020-21 was Rs.58 lakhs. As tax
consultant, choose the correct answer —

(a) No tax at source is required to be deducted since the rental payments are towards flat
occupied for personal purpose
(b) Tax is required to be deducted at source since the rent payment exceeds Rs.2,40,000 and
Dr.Rajesh is an individual having gross receipts from profession exceeding Rs.50 lakh in the
preceding financial year.
(c) No tax is required to be deducted at source since the rent credited to each co-owner is less
than Rs.2,40,000
(d) No tax is required to be deducted at source since Dr.Rajesh's gross receipts during the
preceding financial year were less than Rs.1 crore

SECTION 194-IA: TDS ON TRANSFER OF IMMOVABLE PROPERTY

Time of deduction: Payment or credit (whichever is earlier)
Limit for deduction: Rs.50 lakhs or more payment to a resident
Rate of TDS: 1%

Note: This section is not applicable if immovable property is an

agricultural land situated in a rural area.

Note: Consideration includes all charges of the nature of club

membership fee, car parking fee, electricity or water facility fee,
maintenance fee, etc.
 124

19. Mr.R sells his house property in Chennai as well as his agricultural land in rural area for a
consideration of Rs.60 lakhs and Rs.15 lakhs respectively to Mr.S on 1.8.2021. He purchased the
house property and land in 2020 for Rs.40 lakhs and Rs.10 lakhs respectively. The Stamp Duty
Value on the date of transfer was Rs.85 lakhs and Rs.20 lakhs. Determine the tax implications in
the hands of Mr.R and Mr.S and the TDS implications, assuming both are resident Indians.

20. Mr.Ram acquired a house property at Chennai from Mr.Satyam, a resident, for a consideration of
Rs.85 lakhs, on 23.8.2021. On the same day, Mr. Ram made two separate transactions, thereby
acquiring an urban plot in Gwalior from Mr.Vipun, a resident, for a sum of Rs.50 lakhs and rural
agricultural land from Mr.Danish, a resident, for a consideration of Rs.75 lakhs. Which of the
following statements are correct assuming that in the consideration amounts as aforementioned all
the charges incidental to transfer of the immovable property are included?

(a) No tax deduction at source is required in respect of any of the three payments.
(b) TDS @ 1% is attracted on all the three payments.
(c) TDS @ 1% on Rs.85 lacs and Rs.50 lacs are attracted. No tds on payment of Rs.75 lacs for
acquisition of rural agricultural land
(d) TDS @ 1% on Rs.85 lacs is attracted. No tds on payments of Rs.50 lacs and Rs.75 lacs

SECTION 194IB: TDS ON RENT PAID ON IMMOVABLE PROPERTY

Applicable for: Individuals & HUF (other than those whose turnover or sales or
gross receipts during the immediately preceding financial year has
exceeded Rs.1 crore in case of business or Rs.50 lacs in case of
profession. Such assesses are required to deduct tax at source
u.s.194I)

Rate of tds: 5%

Limit: Rent should exceed Rs.50,000 per month or part of the month

Time of deduction: Last month of the previous year or the last month of tenancy, if the
property is vacated (whichever is earlier)

Important: The amount of tds shall not exceed last month rent.

Deposit of tds: Within 30 days from the end of the month

21. Mr.A, a Chartered Accountant employed as CFO with Google India Ltd draws a salary of Rs.5,00,000
p.m. He has taken on rent an independent house from Mr.B. Determine the amount of TDS u.s.194-
IB for the financial year 2021-22 under the following situations:

a. If the amount of rent is Rs.55,000 p.m.

b. If the amount of rent is Rs.55,000 p.m. and Mr.B does not furnish PAN;
 125

c. If the amount of rent is Rs.55,000 p.m. and Mr.A vacates the property by 31 st July, 2021 and
Mr.B does not furnish PAN;

d. In case Mr.A is carrying on the profession of Chartered Accountancy (instead of employment)

and his gross receipts from the practice for the year ended 31 st March, 2021 is Rs.60,00,000
and the rent paid for his residence to Mr.B is Rs.55,000 p.m.

22. Mr.P is a professional who is responsible for paying Rs.2,00,000 as rent for use of building to
Mr.Harshit, a resident, for the month of February, 2022. The gross receipts of Mr.P are as under:

From 01.04.2020 to 31.03.2021: Rs.55,00,000

From 01.04.2021 to 28.02.2022: Rs.45,00,000

Whether Mr.P is responsible for deducting any tax at source from the rent of Rs.2,00,000 payable
to Mr.Harshit?
(a) Tax at source is required to deducted u.s.194I @ 10%
(b) Tax at source is required to deducted u.s.194IB @ 5%
(c) Tax at source is required to deducted u.s.194IB @ 7.5%
(d) No tax is required to be deducted at source

Section 194IC: TDS on payment made under “Specified Agreement”

To whom applicable: Any person paying to a resident any consideration under a

specified agreement.

Rate of TDS: 10% on monetary consideration

Note: This section refers to TDS payments covered under Joint

Development Agreements covered u.s.45 (5A) (refer Cap Gains)

23. Mr.A, who has a piece of land, has entered into an agreement with XYZ Ltd., a real estate developer.
As per the terms of the agreement, Mr.A is entitled to receive 5 flats whose stamp duty value as on
the date of completion is Rs.70,00,000 and a monetary consideration of Rs.30,00,000. Compute the
tax to be deducted for A.Y.2022-23.

Section 194J: TDS ON PROFESSIONAL OR TECHNICAL SERVICES

1. Payments covered: a. Fees for professional services; or
b. Fees for technical services; or
c. Royalty; or
d. Non-compete fees; or
e. Remuneration to a director; or
f. Call centre services
 126

2. Limit for deduction: Amount exceeding Rs.30,000 in aggregate in a year. The limit of
Rs.30,000 is applicable separately for each of the payments
mentioned above.

However, there is no such exemption limit for deduction of tax on

any remuneration payable to a director.

3. Rate of TDS: 10%

2% in case of:

a) fees for technical services; or

b) royalty in the nature of consideration for sale, distribution or
exhibition of cinematographic films; or
c) an assessee engaged ONLY in the business of call centre services.

Important: Individuals and huf are required to deduct tax at source only if
Turnover or Sales or Gross receipts during the immediately
preceding financial year has exceeded Rs.1 crore in case of
business or Rs.50 lakhs in case of profession respectively.

Important: Where any sum paid by an individual and such sum is incurred
exclusively for PERSONAL PURPOSES of such individual, tax shall
not be deducted at source.

24. X Ltd credited Rs.28,000 towards fees for professional services and Rs.22,000 towards fees for
technical services to the account of ABC Ltd in its books of account on 6.9.2021. The total sum of
Rs.50,000 was paid by cheque to ABC Ltd on 18.12.2021. Examine whether tds is applicable.

25. XYZ Ltd is a back office engaged as a call centre for ICICI with effect from 01.06.2021. During the
financial year 2021-22, ICICI has paid a sum of Rs.2 crores towards call centre services provided by
XYZ Ltd. Determine the amount of TDS u.s.194J. Would your answer differ if XYZ Ltd is also engaged
in the business of providing cab services to HDFC Ltd.

26. A) Mr.X paid fees for professional services of Rs.40,000 to Mr.Y, who is engaged only in the business
of operation of call centre on 15.7.2021. Tax is to be deducted by Mr.X @ of:—
(a) 0.75% (b) 1%
(b) 1.5% (d) 2%

B) XYZ Ltd paid non-compete fee to DEF Ltd for not marketing their products in North-Eastern
States Rs.10 lakhs. The non-compete agreement bars DEF Ltd for a period of 5 years ending
31.03.2027. State whether tds has to be deducted by XYZ Ltd on payment made to DEF Ltd.
 127

Section 194LA: PAYMENT OF COMPENSATION BY GOVERNMENT

ON ACQUISITION OF IMMOVABLE PROPERTY
When to deduct tax: Payment or credit (whichever is earlier)
Limit for deduction: Should exceed Rs.2,50,000
Rate of TDS: 10%

Section 194M: Contract payments, Professional payments or

Commission payments:
Who will deduct tax: Individuals or HUF (if not subject to tds u.s.194C or 194J or 194H)
Limit: Should exceed Rs.50 lakhs
Rate of Tds: 5%

Note: If the turnover of the assessee in his business exceeds Rs.1 crore or
gross receipts in his profession exceeds Rs.50 lacs during the
immediately preceding previous year 20-21 and such expenditure
is not a personal payment then Section 194C or Section 194J or
Section 194H shall be applicable.

27. Examine whether tds provisions would be attracted in the following cases, and if so, under which
section. Also specify the rate of tds applicable in each case.

Mr.GANESH, an individual carrying on retail business with turnover of Rs.2.5 crores in the
previous year 2020-21 made the following payments:
A. Contract payment for repair of residential house Rs.5 lakhs.
B. Payment of commission to Mr.Vinodh for business purpose Rs.80,000

Mr.RAJESH, a wholesale trader whose turnover was 95 lakhs in P.Y.2020-21 made contract
payment for reconstruction of residential house Rs.20 lakhs in January, 2022; Rs.15 lakhs in
February, 2022 and Rs.20 lakhs in March, 2022.

Mr.SATISH, a salaried individual paid brokerage for buying a residential house in March, 2022
amounting to Rs.51 lakhs.

Mr.DHEERAJ, a pensioner made contract payment during October-November, 2021 for

reconstruction of residential house amounting to Rs.48 lakhs.

Section 194N: TDS on CASH withdrawal:

Who will deduct tax: Banks, Post Office or a Co-operative society

Limit: Cash withdrawal exceeds Rs.1 crore in aggregate from one or more
accounts maintained with a bank by any person

Rate of TDS: 2% on the amount exceeding Rs.1crore.

 128

Important: For recipients who have not filed returns of income for last 3 years,
the tds rate is 2% for cash withdrawal exceeding Rs.20 lakhs and
5% for cash withdrawals exceeding Rs.1 crore.

28. Mr.A has two bank accounts maintained with ICICI Bank and HDFC Bank. From 01.04.2021 till
31.03.2022, Mr.A withdrew the following amounts as cash from both the said accounts:

HDFC Bank: Rs.50 lakhs

ICICI Bank: Rs.120 lakhs

Compute the amount of tax to be deducted at source u.s.194N by HDFC Bank and ICICI Bank,
respectively, while making payment in cash to Mr.A.

a) Rs.1,00,000 and Rs.2,40,000

b) Nil and Rs.40,000
c) Nil and Rs.2,40,000
d) Rs.50,000 and Rs.1,20,000

29. Mr.Nihar maintains a Savings a/c and a Current a/c with Axis Bank Ltd. The details of withdrawals
on various dates during the previous year 2021-22 are as follows:

Date of cash Savings account Current account

05.04.2021 15 lacs
10.05.2021 22 lacs
25.06.2021 20 lacs
17.07.2021 5 lacs
28.10.2021 35 lacs
10.11.2021 38 lacs
12.12.2021 25 lacs

Mr.Nihar regularly files his return of income. Is Axis Bank Limited required to deduct tax at source
on the withdrawals made by Mr.Nihar during the p.y. 21-22? If yes, what would the amount of tax
deducted at source?

(a) Tds of Rs.4,60,000 is required to be deducted

(b) No, tds is not required to be deducted as the cash withdrawal does not exceed Rs.1 crore
neither in savings account nor in current account
(c) Tds of Rs.3,00,000 is required to be deducted
(d) Tds of Rs.1,20,000 is required to be deducted
 129

Section 194-O: Payment made by E-commerce operator to

resident E-commerce participant:

Tds rate: 1% of gross amount of sales or services

Time of deduction: Payment or credit, whichever is earlier

Limit: No tds if gross amount paid does not exceed Rs.5 lacs to an
e-commerce participant, being an individual or HUF and such
e-commerce participant has furnished PAN or Aadhaar to e-
commerce operator. (If PAN or Aadhar no. is not furnished, tds
rate shall be 5%).

Important: Tds is attracted even if payment is directly made to the e-

commerce participant by the purchaser which is facilitated by
e-commerce operator.

Terms: E-commerce operator: A person who owns, operates or manages

digital or electronic facility or platform for e-commerce.

E-commerce participant: A person RESIDENT in India selling

goods or providing services or both, including digital products,
through digital or electronic facility or platform for e-commerce.

Services: It includes both technical and professional services

Section 194P: In case of a specified senior citizen and exemption

from filing of IT return:

Who should deduct: Specified Bank (pension and interest income received with the
same bank).

Limit and tds rates: Basic exemption limit and applicable slab rates (after chapter VIA
deductions and rebate u.s.87A)

Specified Senior Citizen: - Should have completed 75 years of age

- Having income by way of Pension; and
- Income by way of Interest on any account maintained with the
specified bank in which he is receiving pension income
- Should have no other income except pension and interest
- Has furnished declaration to the Specified Bank
 130

30. Mr.Sharma, a resident Indian aged 77 years, gets pension of Rs.52,000 p.m. from the UP-State
Government. The same is credited to his savings account in SBI, Lucknow Branch. In addition, he
gets interest @ 8% on fixed deposit of Rs.20 lakh with the said bank. Out of the deposit of Rs.20 lakh,
Rs.2 lakh represents five-year term deposit made by him on 1.4.2021. Interest on savings bank
credited to his SBI savings account for the P. Y.2021-22 is Rs.9,500.

1) From the above facts, compute the total income and tax liability of Mr.Sharma for the A.Y.
2022-23, assuming that he has not opted for section 115BAC.

2) What would be the amount of tax deductible at source by SBI, assuming that the same is a
specified bank? Is Mr.Sharma required to file his return of income for A.Y.2022-23, if tax
deductible at source has been fully deducted? Examine.

3) Would your answer to Q.2 be different if the fixed deposit of Rs.20 lakh was with Canara Bank
instead of SBI, other facts remaining the same?

Section 194Q: Tds on purchase of goods (w.e.f. 01.07.2021)

Who should deduct: “Buyer” of goods whose total sales, gross receipts or turnover from
business carried on by him exceed Rs.10 crore during the financial
year immediately preceding the financial year in which the
purchases are made.

Limit: Aggregate value of purchases should exceed Rs.50 lakhs

Rate of tds: 0.1% of sum exceeding Rs.50 lakhs (5% if PAN not furnished)

Time of deduction: Payment or credit, whichever is earlier

Non-applicability of tds: if tds is deductible under any other provisions of this Act; or
if tcs is collectible u.s.206C, other than section 206C(1H)
(refer ‘tcs’ chapter)

Important: In case of a transaction to which both section 194Q and section

206C(1H) applies, tax is required to be deducted u.s.194Q.

31. Mr.Gupta, a resident Indian, is in retail business and his turnover for f.y.2020-21 was Rs.12 crores.
He regularly purchases goods from another resident, Mr.Agarwal, a wholesaler, and the aggregate
payments during the F.Y.2021-22 was Rs.95 lakhs (Rs.20 lakhs on 01.06.2021, Rs.25 lakhs on
12.08.2021, Rs.22 lakhs on 23.11.2021 and Rs.28 lakhs on 25.03.2022). Assume that the said
amounts were credited to Mr.Agarwal’s account in the books of Mr.Gupta on the same date.
Mr.Agarwal’s turnover for F.Y.2020-21 was Rs.15 crores.

(1) Based on the above facts, examine the TDS/TCS implications, if any, under the IT Act, 1961
 131

(2) Would your answer be different if Mr.Gupta’s turnover for F.Y.2020-21 was 8 crores, all other
facts remaining the same?

(3) Would your answer to (1) and (2) change, if PAN has not been furnished by the buyer or seller,
as required?

Additional Problems:
32. State with reasons, whether tax deduction at source provisions are applicable to the following
transactions and if so, the rate of tax deduction:

a. An Insurance Company paid Rs.50,000 as Insurance Commission to its agent Mr.Hari

b. Interest on compensation amount awarded by the Motor Accidents Claims Tribunal to Mr.R:
Rs.70,000
c. AB Ltd. allowed a discount of Rs.50,000 to XY & Co. (a firm) on prompt payments of its dues
towards supply of automobile parts.

33. Ashwin doing textiles business furnishes you the following information:

Turnover for the financial year:

2020-21 Rs.2,05,00,000
2021-22 Rs.2,45,00,000

State whether the provisions of tax deduction at source are attracted for the following expenses
incurred during the financial year 2021-22:

a. Interest paid to Indian Bank on term loan Rs.92,800

b. Advertisement expenses to R (two individual payments of
Rs.24,000 and Rs.34,000) Rs.58,000
c. Shop rent paid to (one payee) Rs.2,50,000
d. Brokerage paid to B, a sub-broker Rs.16,000

34. State the applicability of TDS provisions and TDS amount in the following cases:

a. Rent paid for hire of machinery by B Ltd. to Mr.Raman Rs.2,80,000

b. Fee paid to Dr.R by Sundar (HUF) Rs.35,000 for surgery performed to a member of the family.
c. ABC Ltd paid Rs.19,000 to one of its Directors as sitting fees on 01.01.2022
d. Mr.X sold his house to Mr.Y on 01.02.2022 for Rs.60 lakhs
 132

35. State in brief the applicability of tax deduction at source provisions, the rate and the amount
of tax deduction in the following cases for the financial year 2021-22:

1. Rs.27,000 paid to Jacques Kallis, a South African Cricketer, by an Indian newspaper agency on
02.12.2021 for contribution of articles in relation to the sport of cricket

2. Payment made by a company to sub-contractor Rs.3,00,000 with outstanding balance of

Rs.1,20,000 shown in the books as on 31.03.2022

3. Winning from horse race Rs.1,50,000

4. Rs.2,00,000 paid to Mr.A, resident Individual on 22.02.2022 by the State of Uttar Pradesh on
compulsory acquisition of his urban land.

36. Compute the amount of tds on the following payments made by M/s.S Ltd during the financial year
2021-22 as per the provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961.

S. No. Date Nate of Payment

1. 01.10.21 Paid Rs.2 lacs to Mr.R a transporter who owns 6 trucks and having
PAN. Declaration is also given by Mr.R.

2. 01.11.21 Payment of fee for technical services of Rs.25,000 and Royalty of Rs.20,000
to Mr.Shyam who is having PAN

3. 30.06.21 Payment of Rs.25,000 to X Ltd for repair of building

4. 01.01.22 Payment of Rs.2,00,000 made to Mr.A for purchase of diaries made

according to specifications of S Ltd. However, no material was supplied
for such diaries to Mr.A by S Ltd.

5. 01.01.22 Payment of commission of Rs.16,000 to Mr.Y

6. 01.01.22 Fees paid to Mr.K Rs.25,000 who is a Director of S Ltd. Mr.K is not an
employee of S Ltd

37. Examine whether tax is required to be deducted at source from the following payments made by P
Ltd. if so, state the amount of tax to be deducted.

a. Commission of Rs.18,000 paid to Mr.V, an agent;

b. Payment of Rs.3 lacs to M/s.Graphic Printers for purchase of calendars according to

specifications of P Ltd. No materials were supplied by P Ltd. to M/s.Graphic Printers.

c. Royalty from writing books of Rs.32,000 paid to Mr.R, a resident of India.

 133

38. State in brief the applicability of tax deduction at source provisions, the rate and amount of tax
deduction in the following cases for the financial year 2021-22 under the Income-tax Act, 1961.
Assume that all payments are made to residents:

i. Sanjay, a resident individual, not deriving any income from business or profession makes
payments of Rs.12 lakh in January, 2022, Rs.20 lakh in February, 2022 and Rs.20 lakh in
March, 2022 to Mohan, a contractor for reconstruction of his residential house.

ii. ABC Ltd. makes the payment of Rs.1,50,000 to Ramlal, an individual transporter who owned
6 goods carriages throughout the previous year. He does not furnish his PAN.

39. State in brief the applicability of provisions of tax deduction at source, the rate and amount of tax
deduction in the following cases for the financial year 2021-22 under Income Tax Act, 1961. Assume
that all payments are made to residents:

i. Mr.Mahesh has paid Rs.6,00,000 on 05.10.2021 to M/s.Fresh Cold Storage Pvt. Ltd, for
preservation of fruits and vegetables. He is engaged in the wholesale business of fruits &
vegetable in India having turnover of Rs.3 Crores during the previous year 2020-21.

ii. Mr.Ramu, a salaried individual, has paid rent of Rs.60,000 per month to Mr.Shiva from 1 st July,
2021 to 31st March, 2022. Mr.Shiva has not furnished his PAN.

40. Compute the amount of TDS under the following situations:

i. Rs.51,000 paid to Mr.R, a resident individual as interest income on compensation awarded by

Motor Accidents Claims Tribunal by a transport company.

ii. Mr.K, deposited Rs.30 lakhs @ 10% p.a. with Dagru Co-operative Bank Ltd for one Year.

iii. Mr.Lakhpati got Rs.20,000 at 10th level of crossword after using life-line of phone a friend in
online crossword gaming.

iv. Mr.R, deposited Rs.1,00,000 @ 12% p.a. for half year in Growth Investment LLP.

41. Briefly discuss the provisions of tax deducted at source in respect of the following payments:

i. Mr.Raju (a resident aged 54 years) has maintained two fixed deposits in two different
branches of BFG Bank of India (working on core banking solution). During the year 2021-22,
the bank paid Rs.32,000 and Rs.17,000 as interest on these fixed deposits.

ii. Mr.Avinash pays Rs.55,00,000 during FY 2021-22 to Mr.Harsh, for supply of labour for
carrying out the construction work of his factory. During the PY 2020-21, Mr.Avinash was not
liable for tax audit under section 44AB.
 134

42. Examine the TDS implications in the following cases, assuming that the deductees are residents and
having PAN which they have duly furnished to the respective deductors.

i. Mr.Tandon received a sum of Rs.1,75,000 as pre-mature withdrawal from Employees

Provident Fund Scheme before continuous service of 5 years on account of termination of
employment due to ill-health.

ii. A sum of Rs.42,000 has been credited as interest on recurring deposit by a banking company
to the account of Mr.Hasan (aged 63 years).

iii. Ms.Kaul won a lucky draw prize of Rs.21,000. The lucky draw was organized by M/s. Maximus
Retail Ltd. for its customer.

iv. Finance Bank Ltd. sanctioned and disbursed a loan of Rs.10 crores to Borrower Ltd. on 31-3-
2021. Borrower Ltd. paid a sum of Rs.1,00,000 as service fee to Finance Bank Ltd. for
processing the loan application.

v. Mr.Ashok, working in a private company, is on deputation for 3 months (from December 2021
to February, 2022) at Hyderabad where he pays a monthly house rent of Rs.52,000 for those
three months, totalling to Rs.1,56,000. Rent is paid by him on the first day of the relevant
month.

43. Examine TDS/TCS implications in case of following transactions, state the rate and amount to be
deducted, in case TDS/TCS is required to be deducted/collected.

i. M/s AG Pvt. Ltd. took a loan of Rs.50,00,000 from Mr.Haridas. It credited interest of Rs.79,000
payable to Mr.Haridas during the previous year 2021-22. M/s AG Pvt. Ltd. is not liable for tax
audit during previous years 2020-21 and 2021-22.

ii. Mr.Prabhakar is due to receive Rs.6 lakh on 31.3.2022 towards maturity proceeds of LIC
policy taken on 1.4.2018, for which the sum assured is Rs.5 lakhs and the annual premium is
Rs.1,40,000.

44. Examine the applicability of tax deduction at source provisions, the rate and amount of tax deduction
in the following cases for the financial year 2021-22:

(a) Gupta & Co. (firm) engaged in wholesale business, assigned a contract for construction of its
godown building to Mr.Ravi. The firm paid an aggregate of Rs.10,00,000 to Mr.Ravi during
the year.

(b) Y and Co. engaged in real estate business, conducted a lucky dip and gave a Maruti Car worth
Rs.5,00,000 to the prize winner

(c) An advertisement company paid Rs.5,00,000 to a cricketer Mr.Peter from England for working
in an advertisement film.
 135

45. Examine whether TDS provisions would be attracted in the following cases, and if so, under which
section. Also specify the rate of TDS and amount required to be deducted at source as applicable in
each case. Assume that all payments are made to residents.

S. Particulars of the payer Nature of payment Aggregate of

No. payments made in
the F.Y. 2021-22
(Amt in Rs.)
(A) Mr.Kale, receiving Contractual payment made during April
pension from Central 2021 for reconstruction of his 52,50,000
Government residential house in AP
(B) Mr.Rahul, a wholesale Contract payment for construction of 50,00,000
trader of spices whose office godown during January to March
turnover was Rs.5 crores 2022 to Mr.Akhilesh, an individual
F.Y. 2020-21
(C) Mr.Golu, an individual Payment of commission to Mr.Vinay for
carrying garment securing a contract from a big business 1,20,000
trading business with house in November 2021
turnover of Rs.95 lakhs
in F.Y. 2020-2021
(D) XYZ Urban Co-operative Payment by way of cash withdrawal, by 1,20,00,000
bank ABC & Co. a partnership firm,
amounting Rs.1.2 crores during
Financial Year 2021-22. ABC & Co. has
filed its tax returns for the last 3
financial years with in time.

46. Mr.X, a salaried individual, pays rent of Rs.55,000 p.m. to Mr.Y from June, 2021. Is he required to
deduct tax at source? If so, when is he required to deduct tax? Also compute the amount of tax to be
deducted at source. Would your answer change if Mr.X vacated the premises on 31 st December,
2021? Also, what would be your answer if Mr.Y does not provide his PAN to Mr.X?

Problems on Section 194-O:

47. Samsung India Ltd. has sold 1,000 television sets at ₹ 50,000 each through Reliance Digital on
01.12.2021. Reliance Digital receives payment of ₹ 5,00,00,000 from various buyers and deducts
commission of 10% and wants to remit ₹ 4,50,00,000 to Samsung India Ltd. Advise.

Samsung India Ltd is the E-Commerce Participant and Reliance Digital is the E-Commerce Operator.
Reliance Digital shall deduct TDS of 1% on ₹ 5,00,00,000 i.e. ₹ 5,00,000. Therefore, Reliance Digital
will remit ₹ 4,45,00,000 to Samsung India Ltd after deducting TDS of ₹ 5,00,000.

There is no liability of Samsung India Ltd to deduct TDS under section 194H on the commission it
pays to Reliance Digital since:
 136

A transaction on which tax has been deducted by e-commerce operator u.s. 194-O, shall not be liable
to tax deduction under any other section. TDS has been deducted on the entire transaction of ₹
5,00,00,000.

48. Suppose in Question 47, all facts remaining the same and instead of Samsung India Ltd, it was
Samsung Japan, a non-resident foreign company.

As per section 194-O, "E-Commerce Participant" means a person resident in India. Samsung Japan is
a non-resident and therefore it does not fall in definition of "E-Commerce Participant" and hence TDS
under section 194-O shall not be deducted.

49. Suppose in Question 47, all facts remaining the same and instead of Reliance Digital, it was
AMAZON USA selling products through its website in India. AMAZON USA is a non-resident.

As per section 194-O, "E-Commerce Operator" includes resident as well as non-resident. Therefore,
AMAZON USA being a non-resident is “E-Commerce Operator”
and it is required to deduct TDS under section 194-O @ 1% on ₹ 5,00,00,000.

50. Mr.A, a resident, manufactures perfumes and sells through Flipkart. The total sales made by
Mr.A through Flipkart are ₹ 5,00,000 for the previous year ending 31.3.2022. Flipkart deducts
commission @ 10% and remits ₹ 4,50,000 to Mr.A.

Section 194-O shall not be applicable since the gross sales does not exceed ₹5,00,000. Hence, Flipkart
shall not deduct TDS provided that Mr.A gives his PAN or Aadhaar to Flipkart. If he does not give
PAN/Aadhaar to Flipkart, then TDS shall be deducted @ 5% on ₹ 5,00,000. TDS on commission paid
to Flipkart is also not required to be deducted.

51. M/s.ABC sells Women Apparel through Myntra and total sales of M/s.ABC through Myntra are
₹2,00,00,000 during the previous year ended 31.3.2022. Myntra charges 10%, commission on
sales made by it. The payment gateway of Myntra is so designed that ₹ 20,00,000 comes to
Myntra from customers and ₹ 1,80,00,000 goes to M/s.ABC directly.

As per Explanation to section 194-O, any payment by purchaser directly to E-Commerce participant
for sale of goods facilitated by an E-Commerce Operator shall be deemed to be the amount credited
or paid by E-Commerce Operator to E-Commerce Participant and shall be included in gross amount
of sale for purpose of tax deduction under section 194-O. Tds will be on 2 crores @ 1%.

52. A Chartered Accountant renders professional advices to various clients through “Consult-CA", a
website run by E-Commerce Operator. Various clients pays ₹ 1,00,00,000 to Consult-CA and
Consult-CA deducts 20% commission and remits ₹ 80,00,000 to the Chartered Accountant for the
financial year ending 31.3.2022.

As per section 194-O, "Services" include professional services. Therefore Consult-CA will deduct 1%
TDS on ₹ 1,00,00,000 and remit ₹ 79,00,000 to the Chartered Accountant. Section 194J shall not be
applicable.
 137

LATE FILING OF TDS RETURN:

Late fee of Rs.200 per day subject to a maximum of tds amount u.s.234E

53. Mr.M is regular in deducting tax at source and depositing the same. In respect of the quarter ended
31st December, 2021 a sum of Rs.80,000 was deducted at source from the contractors. The statement
of tax deducted at source under section 200 was filed on 23rd March, 2022 for the quarter ended
31.12.2021.

a. Is there any delay on the part of Mr.M in filing the statement of TDS?
b. How much amount can be levied on Mr.M for such default under section 234E?

Answer:
TDS return for quarter ending 31.12.2021 should be filed on or before 31.01.2022. The same was
filed on 23rd March, 2022. There is a delay of 51 days.

Late fee u.s.234E @ Rs.200 per day is Rs.10,200 (51 x 200)

FAILURE TO DEDUCT TDS (OR) FAILURE TO DEPOSIT TDS AMOUNT ON TIME:

Failure to deduct tds:

Shall attract simple interest @ 1% p.m. or part of a month commencing from the date on which the
liability to deduct tds arises to the date on which such tax was actually deducted.

Failure to deposit tds on time:

Shall attract simple interest @ 1.5% p.m. or part of a month from the date on which tax was deducted
to the date on which such tax is actually paid.

54. An amount of Rs.40,000 was paid to Mr.X on 01.07.2021 towards fees for professional services
without deduction of tax at source. Subsequently, another payment of Rs.50,000 was due to Mr.X on
28.02.2022, from which tax @ 10% (amounting to Rs.9,000) on the entire amount of Rs.90,000 was
deducted. However, this tax of Rs.9,000 was deposited only on 22.06.2022. Compute the interest
chargeable under section 201(1A).

Answer:
Interest on failure to deduct tds: 40,000 x 10% x 1% x 8 months = Rs.320
(01.07.2021 to 28.02.2022)
Interest on delay in depositing tds amount: 90,000 x 10% x 1.5% x 4 months = Rs.540
(28.02.2022 to 22.06.2022)
Total Interest payable = Rs.860
 146

CHAPTER – 16C: TAX COLLECTION AT SOURCE

WHAT IS TCS?
Tax Collection at Source (TCS) means collection of tax at source at prescribed rates by the seller
from the buyer of certain specified

i. Goods u.s.206C(1); or
ii. Services u.s.206C(1C); or
iii. a motor vehicle u.s.206C(1F); or
iv. Overseas remittance for education and other purposes u.s.206C(1G); or
v. Overseas remittance for tour package u.s.206C(1G); or
vi. Sale of goods above Rs.50 lacs u.s.206C(1H)

Goods specified under section 206C(1):

Nature of Goods specified Rates with PAN

(a) Alcoholic liquor for human consumption 1%

(b) Tendu leaves 5%
(c) Timber obtained under a forest lease 2.5%
(d) Timber obtained by any mode other than (c) 2.5%
(e) Any other forest produce not being timber or tendu leaves 2.5%
(f) Scrap 1%
(g) Minerals, being coal or lignite or iron ore 1%

Non-applicability of TCS [Section 206C(1A)]

No TCS if the goods referred to in section 206C(1) are to be utilised for the purpose of
manufacturing, processing or producing articles or things or for the purposes of generation of
power and NOT for trading purposes.

Problem:
M/s.PMPC, a Partnership firm, is engaged in the manufacture of cardboard carton boxes used in
packaging industry. During the year, it has sold cutting waste generated amounting to Rs.30
lakhs to XYZ Ltd, a paper manufacturing company. XYZ Ltd uses such cutting waste purchased
as raw material for its production. Discuss the implication of this transaction with respect to tax
collected at source.

Answer: A seller is required to collect tax @ 1% from the buyer on sale of scrap. However, tax
is not required to be collected at source if the resident buyer furnishes a declaration in the
prescribed form that such scrap is to be utilised for the purpose of manufacturing of any article
or thing. Hence no tcs.
 147

Section 206C (1C) provides for collection of tax by every person who grants a lease or a licence
or otherwise transfers any right or interest in any:

- parking lot or
- toll plaza or
- a mine or a quarry

to another person for the use of such parking lot or toll plaza or mine or quarry for the purposes
of business. The applicable TCS rate is 2%. (5% without PAN).

Problem:
KLS Ltd. gives a multilevel parking building in front of a shopping mall in Delhi to PQR Ltd. on a
lease of 90 years. PQR Ltd. is liable to pay Rs.3 crores as one time lease premium.

Answer:
Every person who grants a lease in respect of a “parking lot” to another person for the use of
such parking lot shall collect tax at source @ 2%. (5% if PAN not furnished). KLS Ltd shall collect
2% of Rs.3 crores as tax from PQR Ltd.

a. MOTOR CAR - Section 206C(1F) provides that every person, being a seller, who receives any
amount as consideration for sale of a MOTOR VEHICLE of the value exceeding Rs.10 lakhs, shall
collect tax from the buyer @ 1% of the sale consideration. (5% without PAN).

OTHER PROVISIONS IN RESPECT OF TCS ON SALE OF MOTOR VEHICLE:

a. TCS is applicable only at retail level and not on sale of motor vehicles by manufacturers
to dealers or distributors.

b. It is applicable on sale of any motor vehicle (luxury or non-luxury) of the value exceeding
Rs.10 lakhs.

c. It is applicable on each sale of a Motor Vehicle and not on aggregate value of sale during
the year.

d. Provisions are applicable whether the payment is made in cash or by any other mode.

e. An individual, if his turnover in business exceeds Rs.1 crore or gross receipts exceeds
Rs.50 lakhs in profession in the immediately preceding financial year, is also liable to
collect tax at source @ 1% on sale of motor car by him.

1. When a motor car is sold for Rs.12 lakhs by a dealer to a buyer holding PAN, the amount of tax
collectible at source shall be:
(a) Rs.12,000 (1%) (c) Rs.24,000 (2%)
(b) Rs.1,20,000 (10%) (d) Nil
 148

2. What are clarifications made by CBDT with respect to Section 206C (1F) relating to the following
issues:

i. Whether TCS on sale of motor vehicle is applicable only to luxury car?

ii. Whether TCS is applicable on each sale or aggregate value of sale of motor vehicle,
exceeding Rs.10 lakhs?
iii. Whether TCS is applicable in case of an individual?
iv. Whether TCS on sale of motor vehicle is at retail level also or only by manufacturer to
distributor or dealer?

Answer:
i. It is applicable on sale of any motor vehicle (luxury or non-luxury)

ii. It is applicable on each sale and not on aggregate value of sale.

iii. An individual, if his turnover in business exceeds Rs.1 crore or gross receipts in
profession exceeds Rs.50 lakhs in the immediately preceding financial year, is also liable
to collect tax at source @ 1% on sale of motor car by him.

iv. TCS is applicable only at retail level and not on sale of motor vehicles by manufacturers
to dealers or distributors.

REMITTANCE UNDER LIBERALISED REMITTANCE SCHEME (LRS) - Section 206C (1G):

Purpose of Remittance Rate of TCS collected Threshold limit

by an Authorised Dealer

With PAN No PAN

b. Overseas tour programme/package
(seller of tour programme from the
buyer) 5% 10% no exemption limit

c. Other remittances 5% 10% Rs.7 lakhs

(education; medical treatment; (in excess of Rs.7 lakhs)
investment in shares; immovable
property; gift)

d. Remittances out of a loan 0.5% 5% Rs.7 lakhs

borrowed from any financial instn (in excess of Rs.7 lakhs)
for education

Note: TCS shall not be applicable if the buyer is liable to deduct tax at source.
 149

Section 206C (1H): TCS on sale of goods:

Who will collect TCS: Seller from buyer provided the turnover of the Seller
exceed Rs.10 crores during the immediately preceding
previous year.

Limit: Above Rs.50 lakhs

TCS rate: 0.1% on consideration received exceeding Rs.50 lakhs

If PAN not furnished tcs rate is 1%

Section 206C(1H) not applicable: If TCS is collected u.s.206C(1); 206C(1F) and 206C(1G)
If buyer has deducted tds u.s.194Q
On goods exported out of India

3. Amin Co. (p) Ltd is a dealer of motor cars manufactured by Zeet Ltd. Amin Co. (P) Ltd paid
through banking channel Rs.110 lakhs to Zeet Ltd. for purchase of cars in January 2022. Of the
total motor cars so purchased, 4 motor cars cost Rs.11 lakhs each and 7 motor cars are for the
balance amount. Decide whether any TDS/TCS provisions will apply. Will your answer be
different if Amin Co. (P) Ltd. is not a dealer of motor cars and had acquired the same for the
purpose of plying cars on hire?

Answer:
A. If Amin Co (P) Ltd is a dealer of motor cars: No TCS u.s.206C1(F)

If section 206C(1F) is not applicable then tds shall be deducted u.s.194Q by the buyer.

If section 194Q is not applicable then tcs shall be collected u.s.206C(1H) by the seller

B. If Amin Co (P) Ltd is not a dealer of motor cars but uses for plying cars on hire:
TCS u.s.206C(1F): cost of each car > Rs.10 lacs; tcs (11 lakhs x 1% x 4) Rs.44,000

For the remaining 7 cars: TCS is nil (cost is < 10 lakhs each) u.s.206C(1F).

If section 206C(1F) is not applicable then tds shall be deducted u.s.194Q @ 0.1% on Rs.16
lacs (i.e. 66 lacs – 50 lacs) by the buyer.

If section 194Q is not attracted then tcs shall be collected u.s.206C(1H) @ 0.1% on Rs.16
lacs by the seller.

4. Rahil & Co., a partnership firm is having a car dealership show-room. They have purchased cars
for Rs.2 crores from XYZ Ltd., car manufacturers, the cost of each car being more than Rs.12 lakhs.
They sell the cars to individual buyers at a price yielding 10% margin on cost. State whether
there will be any obligation to collect tax in the above two situations.
 150

Answer:

On sale of cars by XYZ Ltd (car manufacturer) to Rahil & Co. (car dealer)
TCS is applicable only at retail level and not on sale of motor vehicles by manufacturers to
dealers or distributors. Hence there is no obligation to collect tax u.s.206C(1F) when the cars
are sold by car manufacturers to Rahil & Co. (the dealers).

If Section 206C(1F) is not applicable:

Rahil & Co., (buyer) will deduct tds u.s.194Q @ 0.1% on payment made to XYZ Ltd Rs.150 lakhs
(2 crores – 50 lakhs) provided the turnover of Rahil & Co. for the p.y.20-21 is > Rs.10 crores.

However, if turnover of Rahil & Co., for the p.y.20-21 has not exceeded Rs.10 crores then XYZ Ltd
(seller) shall collect tax @ 0.1% u.s.206C(1H) from Rahil & Co. on Rs.150 lakhs (2 crores – 50
lakhs).

On subsequent sale by Rahil & Co. to individual buyers:

Tax is required to be collected by Rahil & Co from individual buyers when they sell the cars to
them (at retail level) u.s.206C(1F) as cost of each car is > Rs.10 lakhs.

Provisions of Section 194Q and Section 206C(1H) in brief:

Particulars Section 194Q Section 206C(1H)
When tds/tcs? On purchase On sale
Liability on: Buyer Seller

Turnover of PY 20-21: > Rs.10 crores > Rs.10 crores

Tds / tcs rate: 0.1% 0.1%
Without PAN: 5% 1%

Liability to deduct or collect: payment or credit (wel) At the time of “receipt”

Limit: > Rs.50 lakhs > Rs.50 lakhs

a) If both Sec.194Q and Sec.206C(1H) are attracted; tds will be u.s.194Q

b) TCS u.s.206C(1H) not be applicable if tcs is collected under any other section [(e.g. section
206C(1) or 206(1F)].

5. Examine the following transactions with reference to applicability of the provision of tax
collected at source and the rate and amount of the TCS for the Assessment year 2022-23.

i. Mr.Kalpit bought an overseas tour programme package for Singapore for himself and his
family of Rs.5 lakhs on 01.11.2021 from an agent who is engaged in organizing foreign
tours in course of his business. He made the payment by an account payee cheque and
provided PAN to the seller. Assume Kalpit is not liable to deduct tax at source under any
other provisions of the Act.
 151

ii. Mr.Anu doing business of textile as a proprietor. His turnover in the business is 11 crores
in the previous year 2020-21. He received payment against sale of textile goods from
Mr.Ram Rs.75 lakhs against the sales made to him in the previous year and preceding
previous years. (Assuming all the sales are domestic sales and Mr.Ram is not liable to
deduct tax on the purchase from Mr.Anu).

Answer:
i) Under section 206C(1G); tcs @ 5% on the amount collected by the seller. Amount of tcs (5 lacs
x 5%) Rs.25,000. No exemption limit is provided for overseas tour programme.

ii) Under section 206C(1H); Turnover of Mr.Anu exceeded Rs.10 crores during the p.y.2020-21.
He is required to collect tax @ 0.1% on the amount received in excess of Rs.50 lacs from Mr.Ram.
Amount of tcs (75 lacs – 50 lacs) x 0.1% is Rs.2,500.

6. BMW Ltd. and Maruti Suzuki Ltd. sells as follows to Car Dealers Ltd.

i. 20 BMW cars @ Rs.100 lakhs each plus 18% GST

ii. 100 Maruti cars @ 5 lakhs each plus 18% GST

Discuss provisions u.s.206C(1F) or u.s.194Q or u.s.206C(1H)

Answer:

CASE A:
BMW Ltd is a car manufacturer
Car Dealers Ltd is a car dealer

Section 206C(1F) not applicable as sale is by a manufacturer to a car dealer CBDT circular.

Section 194Q: Car Dealers Ltd. (buyer) shall deduct tds @ 0.1% from payment made to BMW Ltd on
Rs.2,000 lacs – Rs.50 lacs.

Section 206C(1H): However, if turnover of Car Dealers Ltd. was less than Rs.10 crores for the
P.Y.2020-21, BMW Ltd. shall be liable to collect TCS @ 0.1% u.s. 206C(1H) from Car Dealers Ltd on
Rs.2,360 lakhs – Rs.50 lakhs.

CASE B:
Maruti Suzuki Ltd is a car manufacturer
Car Dealers Ltd is a car dealer

Section 206C(1F) not applicable as sale is by a manufacturer to a car dealer CBDT circular.

Section 194Q: Car Dealers Ltd. (buyer) shall deduct tds @ 0.1% from payment made to Maruti Suzuki
Ltd on Rs.500 lacs – Rs.50 lacs.

Section 206C(1H): However, if turnover of Car Dealers Ltd. was less than Rs.10 crores for the
P.Y.2020-21, Maruti Suzuki Ltd. shall be liable to collect TCS @ 0.1% u.s. 206C(1H) from Car Dealers
Ltd on Rs.590 lakhs – Rs.50 lakhs.
 152

Higher rates of TCS for non-filers of income-tax return and non-furnishers of PAN
(Section 206CC and 206CCA)

Section 206CC: If PAN is not furnished: TCS will be twice the normal rates or 5% (1%
u.s.206C(1H) (whichever is higher).

Section 206CCA: (non-filers of ITR): TCS from a “specified person” will be twice the normal
rates or 5% (whichever is higher).

In case both the above sections are applicable, tcs will be the higher of the two rates provided in
section 206CC and section 206CCA.

Specified person:-
A person who has not filed income-tax returns for last two previous years preceding the previous
year in which the tax is required to be collected and the aggregate of tds and tcs in his case is
Rs.50,000 or more in each of these two previous years.

Examples:

Section Normal rates PAN not furnished Non-filer of ITR

206C(1) 5% (tendu leaves) 10% or 5% (weh) 10% or 5% (weh)

206C(1F) 1% (motor car) 2% or 5% (weh) 2% or 5% (weh)

206C(1H) 0.1% 0.2% or 1% (weh) 0.2% or 5% (weh)

Important: In the above section 206C(1H), if a person has not furnished PAN and also has not
filed income-tax returns; highest of the two rates shall apply (i.e. 1% or 5%) 5%
 138

Answers to problems in TDS:

1. Total sales of Mr.Y in business during the previous year 20-21 exceeds Rs.1 crore. Hence, tds
provisions are attracted for P.Y. 2021-22. Mr.Y is required to deduct tax at source on the payment
made to the contractor u.s.194C.

2. Payments made to Government or Banks are not subject to tax deduction. Hence, SBI is not required
to deduct tax at source on payments made to Central Government.

3. Option A (10% on fees amount excluding GST) (300000 x 10%) u.s.194J

4. Tds u.s.192A @ 10%. Limit Rs.50,000 or more; Amount received by Mr.Sharma is Rs.54,000 (60,000
– 6,000). If the termination of employment was due to ill health then amount received by Mr.Sharma
is not subject to tds. He will receive the entire amount of Rs.60,000.

5. A. Tax is required to be deducted u.s.194A @ 10% by the co-operative bank on the interest payment
if the limit exceeds Rs.40,000. Interest amount Rs.45,000 (10 lakhs x 9% x 6/12). Tds amount
Rs.4,500.

B. Since the bank adopts core banking solutions, the aggregate of interest payment on fixed deposits
in all the branches of SBI should be considered for the limit. Total interest Rs.60,750 (> Rs.40,000)
from all the branches of SBI. Tax has to be deducted @ 10% on Rs.60,750; Rs.6,075 has to be
deducted at source. (300000 x 9% x 9/12) x 3

C. Time deposits also include recurring deposits. Tax @ 10% has to be deducted on interest of
Rs.41,600. Limit Rs.40,000 and tds amount Rs.4,160.

6. Case A: No core banking facility available (branch-wise should be seen):

Branch I: Total interest (Rs.38,000) does not exceed Rs.40,000, hence tds u.s.194A is nil
Branch II: Total interest (Rs.37,200) does not exceed Rs.40,000, hence tds u.s.194A is nil

Case B: If core banking facility is available (aggregate should be seen):

The aggregate of interest income from all the branches of the bank should be considered for tds. The
aggregate interest of both the branches is Rs.75,200 which is more than the limit of Rs.40,000. Hence
tds u.s.194A @ 10% is Rs.7,520.

Note: “Time deposits” include both fixed deposit and recurring deposit.

7. Option D.

8. Tax on casual income u.s.194B @ 30% if the limit exceeds Rs.10,000. However, in case where the
winnings are in kind, the person responsible for paying shall, before releasing the winnings, ensure
that tax has been paid in respect of the winnings. Amount of tds Rs.1,50,000.

9. Section 194B; Limit Rs.10,000; Tds rate 30% with or without pan; Tds amount Rs.4,50,000
 139

10. Option C; no tax is required to be deducted at source. Does not exceed the limit of Rs.10,000.

11. Godrej Ltd has to deduct tax u.s.194C. The material (cloth) is supplied by Godrej Ltd. Mr.X has to do
only the stitching job. Hence it is a contract of work. Tax will be deducted @ 1% on the payment
made as the contractor is an individual. Tds amount Rs.20,000.

12. “Work” includes catering also. Hence tax is required to be deducted at source @ 1% on the payment
made u.s.194C.

13. Date Amount TDS Payment made

1.05.21 20,000 nil 20,000
1.08.21 25,000 nil 25,000
1.12.21 28,000 nil 28,000
1.03.22 30,000 1030 28,970
Total 1,03,000

14. Cash payment can be made up to Rs.35,000 without attracting disallowance u.s.40A(3). Tds u.s.194C
is not attracted if the transport operator furnishes pan and gives a declaration that he does not own
more than 10 trucks.

15. A. Policy issued after 01.04.12. (i.e. on 01.04.2019)

Premium paid is Rs.1,25,000 which is more than 10% of sum assured (Rs.40,000)
Therefore, maturity amount is not exempt u.s.10(10D).
Tds @ 5% on income of Rs.75,000 as the maturity amount exceeds Rs.1,00,000.
Income = Rs.4,50,000 (-) Rs.3,75,000 (1,25,000 x 3) = Rs.75,000
TDS amount u.s.194DA is Rs.3,750.

B. Policy issued before 01.04.2012. (i.e. on 31.03.2012)

Premium paid is Rs.35,000 which is less than 20% of sum assured (Rs.60,000)
Therefore, maturity amount is exempt u.s.10(10D). No Tds

C. Policy issued after 01.04.12. (i.e. on 01.10.2015)

Premium paid is Rs.12,000 which is more than 10% of sum assured (Rs.9,000)
Therefore, maturity amount is not exempt u.s.10(10D).
Maturity amount does not exceed Rs.1,00,000.
TDS amount u.s.194DA is Nil.

16. Option B

17. U.s.194E tds @ 20.8% on payment to non-resident sportsman. Tds amount Rs.16,640.

18. Option C
 140

19. In the hands of Mr.R:

A. Capital Gains on sale of house at Chennai:

Sale consideration (as per section 50C) 85 lakhs (85 / 60 x 100 > 110%)
Less: Cost of acquisition 40 lakhs
Short term capital gain (<24 months) 45 lakhs

B. On sale of agricultural land in rural area:

Not a capital asset. No capital gain tax

In the hands of Mr.S:

A. Income from other sources:

The house is purchased for an inadequate consideration. Hence the difference between
stamp duty value and purchase price is taxable.
Taxable amount Rs.25 lakhs (85 – 60) (difference is > 10% and also > Rs.50,000)

B. Agricultural land in rural area is not a capital asset. Gift provisions are not applicable.

C. TDS provisions:
U/s.194IA tax has to be deducted at source @ 1% if the purchase price is Rs.50 lakhs or more.
Therefore, tds amount Rs.60,000 (60 lakhs x 1%)

20. Option C

21. Tds Rs.33,000 (55,000 x 12 x 5%) shall be deducted in the month of March, 2022
being the last month of the previous year.

Tds Rs.55,000 (55,000 x 12 x 20% = Rs.1,32,000; but cannot exceed rent payable for the last month)

Tds Rs.44,000 (55,000 x 4 x 20%) to be deducted at the time of vacating the property being July 2021.

Gross receipts of Mr.A from profession exceeds Rs.50 lakhs for the year ended 31.03.2021. Hence,
tax has to be deducted at source under section 194I. TDS 10%. Tds amount (55,000 x 12 x 10%)
Rs.66,000. Exceeds limit of Rs.2,40,000.

22. Option D; Section 194I is applicable. Does not exceed Rs.2,40,000; hence no tds

23. i. In respect of non-monetary consideration: Nil.

ii. In respect of monetary consideration: TDS Rs.3,00,000 being 10% of Rs.30,00,000

24. Section 194J; Limit Rs.30,000 should be considered separately for each item. Fees for professional
services does not exceed Rs.30,000 and fees for technical services does not exceed Rs.30,000; tds nil.
25. If XYZ Ltd is engaged in providing call centre services only:
Tds @ 2% u.s.194J on Rs.2 crores is Rs.4,00,000
 141

If XYZ Ltd is also engaged in providing CAB services (multiple businesses):

Tds shall be deducted @ 10% u.s.194J on Rs.2 crores which is Rs.20,00,000

26. A. Option D – 2% B. under section 194J @ 10% on Rs.10 lacs Rs.1 lacs

27. Mr.Ganesh: The turnover in his business exceeded Rs.1 crore during the p.y.20-21. Hence,
Tds provisions are attracted for P.Y.21-22.

Contract payment for residential house:

Section 194C is not attracted as it is personal payment
No tds under section 194M as the amount does not exceed Rs.50 lakhs. Hence tds: nil

Payment of commission to Mr.Vinodh for business purpose

Section 194H: Tds is required to be deducted @ 5% on Rs.80,000. Tds amount Rs.4,000

Mr.Rajesh: Contract payment for reconstruction of residential house:

Section 194C is not applicable as turnover of Mr.Rajesh in his business during the p.y.20-21 has not
exceeded Rs.1 crore. It is also a personal payment.
Section 194M: The aggregate amount exceeds Rs.50 lacs. Tds @ 5% on Rs.55 lacs: Rs.2,75,000

Satish: Payment of brokerage for buying a residential house:

Section 194H is not applicable as Mr.Satish is a salaried employee. Not subject to Tax Audit in 20-21
Section 194M: Amount exceeds Rs.50 lacs. Tds @ 5% on Rs.51 lacs: Rs.2,55,000

Dheeraj: Contract payment made during Oct-Nov. 2021 for reconstruction of res house:
Section 194C is not applicable as Mr.Dheeraj is a pensioner. Not subject to Tax Audit in 20-21
Section 194M: Amount does not exceed Rs.50 lacs. Hence no tds

28. Case A: Nil and Rs.40,000 (HDFC – nil and ICICI Rs.20 lacs x 2%)

Note: In case the assesse has not filed his income-tax returns for the last three years and the time
allowed for filing belated return has expired then tds u.s.194N will be as follows:

HDFC Bank (50 lacs – 20 lacs) x 2% = 60,000

ICICI Bank (100 lacs – 20 lacs) x 2% = 1,60,000 + (120 lacs – 100 lacs) x 5% = 1 lac = Rs.2.6 lacs

29. Option D tds u.s. 194N (160 lakhs – 100 lakhs) x 2% = Rs.1,20,000

Note: In case the assesse has not filed his income-tax returns for the last three years and the time
allowed for filing belated return has expired then tds u.s.194N will be as follows:

Tds (100 lacs – 20 lacs) x 2% = Rs.1,60,000 + (60 lacs x 5%) = Rs.3 lacs Total tds: Rs.4,60,000

30. 1. Income from salary 574000 (after std deduction)

Income from other sources
a) Interest on fixed deposit 160000
 142

b) Interest on savings account 9500

Gross total income 743500
Less: Section 80C 150000
Less: Section 80TTB 50000
Total Income 543500

Tax on the above Rs.19,450 (rounded off)

2. SBI, being a specified bank, is required to deduct tax at source u.s.194P (after considering the tax,
if any, deducted on pension u.s.192) and remit the same to the Central Government. In such case,
Mr.Sharma would not be required to file his return of income u.s.139.

3. If the fixed deposit of Rs.20 lakhs is with a bank other than SBI, which is the bank where his pension
is credited, then, Mr.Sharma would not qualify as a “specified senior citizen”, consequent to which
SBI would not be liable to deduct tax u.s.194P. In this case, Mr.Sharma would have to file his return
of income u.s.139, since his total income (without giving effect to deduction under Chapter VIA)
exceeds the basic exemption limit.

It may be noted that in this case, TDS provisions u.s.192 would, in any case, be attracted in respect of
pension income. Further, Canara Bank would, be liable to deduct tax @ 10% u.s.194A on interest on
fixed deposit, since the same exceeds Rs.50,000.

31. 1. Since Mr.Gupta’s turnover for F.Y.2020-21 exceeds Rs.10 crores and payments made by him to
Mr.Agarwal, a resident seller exceeds Rs.50 lakhs in the P.Y.2021-22, he is liable to deduct tax @ 0.1%
of Rs.45 lakhs (being the sum exceeding Rs.50 lakhs) in the following manner:-

No tax is to be deducted u.s.194Q on the payments made on 01.06.2021 and 12.08.2021, since the
aggregate payments till that date i.e. Rs.45 lakhs, has not exceeded the threshold of Rs.50 lakhs.

Tax of Rs.1,700 (i.e. 0.1% of Rs.17 lakhs) has to be deducted u.s.194Q from the payment/credit of
Rs.22 lakhs on 23.11.2021 (22 lakhs – 5 lakhs, being the balance unexhausted threshold limit).

Tax of Rs.2,800 (i.e. 0.1% of Rs.28 lakhs) has to be deducted u.s.194Q from the payment/credit of
Rs.28 lakhs on 25.03.2022.

NOTE: In this case, since both section 194Q and 206C(1H) applies, tax has to be deducted u.s.194Q.

2. If Mr.Gupta’s turnover for the F.Y.2020-21 was only Rs.8 crores, TDS provisions u.s.194Q would
not be attracted. However, TCS provisions u.s.206C(1H) would be attracted in the hands of
Mr.Agarwal, since his turnover exceeds Rs.10 crores in the F.Y. 2020-21 and his receipts from
Mr.Gupta exceed Rs.50 lakhs.

No tax is to be collected u.s.206C(1H) on 01.06.2021 and 12.08.2021, since the aggregate receipts till
that date i.e. Rs.45 lakhs, has not exceeded the threshold of Rs.50 lakhs.

Tax of Rs.1,700 (i.e. 0.1% of Rs.17 lakhs) has to be collected u.s.206C(1H) on 23.11.2021 (22 lakhs –
5 lakhs, being the balance unexhausted threshold limit).

Tax of Rs.2,800 (i.e. 0.1% of Rs.28 lakhs) has to be collected u.s.206C(1H) on 25.03.2022.
 143

3. In case (1), if PAN is not furnished by Mr.Agarwal to Mr.Gupta, then, Mr.Gupta has to deduct tax @
5%, instead of 0.1%. Accordingly, tax of Rs.85,000 (i.e. 5% of Rs.17 lakhs) and Rs.1,40,000 (5% of
Rs.28 lakhs) has to be deducted by Mr.Gupta u.s.194Q on 23.11.2021 and 25.03.2022 respectively.

In case (2), if PAN is not furnished by Mr.Gupta to Mr.Agarwal, the Mr.Agarwal has to collect tax @
1% instead of 0.1%. Accordingly, tax of Rs.17,000 (i.e. 1% of Rs.17 lakhs) and Rs.28,000 (1% of Rs.28
lakhs) has to be collected by Mr.Agarwal u.s.206C(1H) on 23.11.2021 and on 25.03.2022,
respectively.

32. Section 194D; Limit Rs.15,000; Tds rate 5%; Tds amount Rs.2,500
Section 194A; Limit Rs.50,000; Tds rate 10%; Tds amount Rs.7,000
Discount to customers not subject to tds.

33. Turnover during the immediately preceding previous year 20-21 exceeds Rs.1 crore. Hence, Tds
provisions are applicable for A.Y.2021-22.

a. Payment to banks are not subject to tds.

b. Section 194C; Limit Rs.30,000 in case of a single contract or Rs.1,00,000 in case of all the
contracts; Tds rate 1%; Tds amount Rs.340

c. Section 194I; Limit Rs.2,40,000; Tds rate 10%. Tds amount Rs.25,000

d. Section 194H; Limit Rs.15,000; Tds rate 5%; Tds amount Rs.800

34. Section 194I; Limit Rs.2,40,000; Tds rate 2%; Tds amount Rs.5,600

TDS u.s.194J is not attracted since the payment is for personal purpose and tds u.s.194M is not
attracted as aggregate does not exceed Rs.50 lakhs.

Section 194J; Limit not specified; Tds rate 10%; Tds Rs.1,900
Section 194IA; Limit Rs.50 lakhs or more; Tds rate 1%; Tds Rs.60,000

35. Section 194E; Limit not specified; Tds rate 20.8%; Tds amount Rs.5,616
Section 194C; Limit Rs.30,000 or Rs.1,00,000; Tds rate 1%; Tds Rs.4,200 (420000 x 1%); Payment or
credit (whichever is earlier)
Section 194BB; Limit Rs.10,000; Tds rate 30%; Tds amount Rs.45,000
Section 194LA; Limit Rs.2,50,000; Tds rate 10%; Tds amount nil

36. a. No tds (PAN and declaration is furnished) – Section 194C

b. No tds (limit Rs.30,000 should be applied for each and every item separately) – Section 194J
c. Amount does not exceed Rs.30,000. No tds u.s.194C
d. Contract of sale. No tds (not a contract of work). No material was supplied by the customer
e. Tds u.s.194H @ 5% Rs.800
 144

f. Tds u.s.194J @ 10% Rs.2,500 (limit not specified)

37. a. Tds u.s.194H @ 5% Rs.900

b. Contract of sale. No tds (not a contract of work). No material was supplied by the customer
c. Tds u.s.194J @ 10% Rs.3,200 (2% in case of royalty in relation to cinematographic films)

38. i) Section 194C is not applicable as it is a personal payment

Section 194M is applicable. Limit > Rs.50 lacs; Tds rate @ 5% on 52 lacs is Rs.2,60,000

ii) Section 194C; PAN not furnished. Tds @ 20% on Rs.1,50,000 is Rs.30,000

39. i. Tds u.s.194I is not attracted as payment made to Fresh Cold Storage Pvt Ltd is not in the nature of
rent. It is cooling charges paid for preservation of fruits and vegetables. However, tds is required to
be deducted u.s.194C @ 2%. CBDT Circular. Tds amount (6 lacs x 2%) is Rs.12,000.

ii.Tds u.s.194IB; Limit should exceed Rs.50,000 p.m.; tds (60000 x 9 x 20%) Rs.1,08,000; but cannot
exceed Rs.60,000 being last month rent; PAN not furnished. Tds u.s.194IB is Rs.60,000

40. Section 194A; Limit Rs.50,000; Tds rate 10%; Tds amount Rs.5,100
Section 194A; Limit Rs.40,000; Tds rate 10%; Tds amount Rs.30,000 (3 lacs x 10%)
Section 194B; limit Rs.10,000; tds rate 30%; tds amount Rs.6,000
Section 194A; Limit Rs.5,000; Tds rate 10%; Tds amount Rs.600 (100000 x 12% x 6/12) x 10%

41. I) U.s.194A; Limit all the branches in aggregate Rs.40,000; tds rate 10%; tds amount Rs.4,900 (Total
interest Rs.49,000).

II) Section 194C is not applicable as turnover of Mr.A during the p.y.20-21 has not exceeded Rs.100
lakhs. Tds is attracted u.s.194M as payment > Rs.50 lacs. Tds @ 5% on Rs.55 lacs is Rs.2,75,000.

42. i. Section 192A; not taxable as termination was due to ill-health of Mr.Tandon
ii. Section 194A; Limit Rs.50,000 (senior citizen); tds rate 10% and tds amount Rs.0
iii. Section 194B; Limit Rs.10,000; tds rate 30% and tds amount Rs.6,300
iv. No tds on payment made to banks and Government.
v. Section 194IB; limit should exceed Rs.50,000 p.m. tds rate 5%; tds amount 156000 x 5% Rs.7800

43. i) Section 194A; Limit Rs.5,000; tds rate 10%; tds amount Rs.7,900. AG Pvt Ltd, being a company is
compulsorily required to comply tds provisions whether or not subject to tax audit in PY 20-21.

ii) Policy issued after 01.04.2012; 10% of sum assured is Rs.50,000 and premium paid is Rs.1,40,000.
Since premium paid > 10% of sum assured, tds is attracted. It is not exempt u.s.10(10D). Tds @ 5%
 145

of income. Income is Rs.40,000 (6 lacs – 560000). Tds amount Rs.2000. Maturity amount also
exceeds Rs.1 lakh. Section 194DA

44. i. Section 194C; Limit Rs.30000; tds rate is 1% and tds amount Rs.10,000. Tds provisions are
compulsory in the case of a firm whether or not turnover of P.Y.20-21 exceeded Rs.100 lakhs.

ii. Winnings in kind; Section 194B; Limit Rs.10,000 and tds rate is 30%; tds amount Rs.1,50,000

iii. Section 194E; Limit not specified; tds rate is 20.8% and tds amount is Rs.1,04,000

45. Mr.Kale: Section 194C is not applicable. Reason: Not subject to tax audit and being a personal
payment. Section 194M is therefore applicable. Exceeds Rs.50 lacs. Tds @ 5% on Rs.52,50,000 is
Rs.2,62,500.

Mr.Rahul: Last year subject to Tax Audit. Business payment (office godown). Tds u.s.194C @ 1% on
Rs.50 lacs is Rs.50,000

Mr.Golu: Not subject to Tax Audit last year. Section 194H is not applicable. Section 194M is not
applicable as the payment does not exceed Rs.50 lacs. Tds is nil

XYZ Urban Co-op Bank: Section 194N; (120 lacs – 100 lacs) x 2% is Rs.40,000

46. Rent paid by Mr.X exceeds Rs.50,000 p.m. Hence, he is required to deduct tax at source u.s.194IB.
Mr.X is required to deduct tds from the amount of rent payable in March, 2022. Amount of tds
Rs.27,500 (55,000 x 10 x 5%).

If Mr.X vacated the premises on 31.12.2021 then he is required to deduct tax from the amount of rent
payable in December, 2021. Tds Rs.19,250 (55,000 x 7 x 5%).

If Mr.Y does not provide his PAN to Mr.X, tax would be deductible @ 20% instead of 5%.

Tax would be Rs.1,10,000 (55,000 x 10 x 20%) but the same has to be restricted to Rs.55,000 being
the rent for March, 2022.
 153

CHAPTER – 17 FILING OF RETURNS

Due date of filing return of income – Section 139(1):

a) An assessee who is required to furnish

Transfer Pricing Report 30th November

b) Any Company (other than ‘a’ above) 31st October

c) A person whose accounts are required to be

audited under the IT Act or under any other law 31st October

d) A partner of a firm (working or sleeping)

whose accounts are required to be audited
under the IT Act or under any other law 31st October

e) In the case of any other assessee 31st July

Who are required to furnish return of income?

1. Every COMPANY or a FIRM is compulsorily required to file return of income irrespective of
income or loss.

2. Every other person (individuals or huf) is required to furnish return of income if his total income
without giving effect to:
a. Chapter VI-A deductions; or
b. Section 54, 54B, 54D, 54EC, 54F; exceeds the basic exemption.

3. Mandatory filing of IT returns in certain cases:

An individual who is not required to furnish a return u.s.139(1), is required to file income-tax
return before the due date, if such person:

a. has deposited an amount or aggregate of the amounts exceeding Rs.1 crore in one or more
current accounts maintained with a banking company or a co-operative bank; or

b. has incurred expenditure of an amount or aggregate of the amounts exceeding Rs.2 lakhs
for himself or any other person for travel to a foreign country; or

c. has incurred expenditure of an amount or aggregate of the amount exceeding Rs.1 lakh
towards consumption of electricity; or

d. fulfils such other prescribed conditions.

 154

4. Mandatory filing of return by resident person in certain cases:

An individual, being a resident and ordinary resident in India, who is not required to furnish a
return under section 139(1) and who at any time during the previous year:

a) holds, as a BENEFICIAL OWNER, any asset (including financial interest in any entity)
located outside India or has signing authority in any account located outside India; or

b) is a BENEFICIARY of any asset (including financial interest in any entity) located outside
India,

shall furnish, on or before the due date, a return in respect of his income or loss for the previous
year.

a) ‘Beneficial owner’ means an individual who has provided, directly or indirectly,

consideration for the asset for the immediate or future benefit, direct or indirect, of
himself or any other person.

b) ‘Beneficiary’ means an individual who derives benefit from the asset during the previous
year and the consideration for such asset has been provided by any person other than
such beneficiary.

Late fee for delay in filing return of income – Section 234F:

Total income exceeds Rs.5 lakhs : Rs.5,000
Total income of a person does not exceed Rs.5 lakhs : Rs.1,000

Problems:
1. For filing returns of income in respect of various entities, the Income-tax Act, 1961 has prescribed
(a) One due date (b) Two due dates (c) Three due dates (d) Four due dates.

2. As per section 139(1), filing of returns is compulsory irrespective of whether profit is earned or loss
is incurred, in case of (a) companies only (b) firms only (c) both companies and firms (d) All assesses.

3. Mr.R furnishes the following particulars for the year ending 31.03.2022:
Income from other sources Rs.2,20,000
LTCG on sale of residential house Rs.72 lakhs
Exemption available u.s.54 Rs.72 lakhs
Examine whether Mr.R should file return of income for A.Y.2022-23.

4. Mr.R has taxable income of Rs.1,75,000 during the p.y. 2021-22. He is required to file his IT return
if:
a. He has deposited an amount exceeding Rs………..in his current account in a bank; or
b. His electricity bill exceeds Rs………….; or
c. His expenditure on foreign travel exceeds Rs………..
5. Mr.A furnishes the following particulars for the year ending 31.03.2022:
 155

Income from business Rs.3,30,000;

Income from other sources Rs.10,000;
LTCG on sale of urban land Rs.24 lakhs. Amount invested in NHAI bonds Rs.23 lakhs
Deductions under Chapter VI A Rs.2,00,000.
Examine whether Mr.A should file return of income for A.Y.2022-23.

6. Mr.Dinesh, a resident in India, has gross total income of Rs.2,30,000 comprising of interest on saving
A/c and rental income during the previous year 2021-22. He incurred expenditure of Rs.2,00,000
for his son for a study tour to Europe. Whether he is required to file return of income for the
assessment year 2022-23? If yes, what is the due date?

(a) Yes, 31st July of A.Y

(b) Yes, 30th September of A.Y
(c) Yes, 31st October of A.Y
(d) No, he is not required to file return of income. Answer: option D

7. Discuss, with reasons, whether the following statements are correct:

Mahesh, a resident and ordinary resident in India and having a house property and a bank account
outside India, is not required to file return of income for Assessment Year 2022-23, if his total
income is below the maximum amount not liable to tax.

Solution:
Mahesh is a resident and ordinary resident for A.Y.2022-23. He has a house property and a bank
account outside India. Hence, he is required to file return of income for A.Y.2022-23 even if his total
income is below the basic exemption (Rs.2,50,000).

8. In the following cases relating to P.Y.2021-22, the total income of the assessee or the total income
of any other person in respect of which he/she is assessable under Income-tax Act does not exceed
the basic exemption limit.

You are required to state with reasons, whether the assessee is still required to file the return of
income or loss for A.Y.2022-23 in each of the following independent situations:

i. Manish & Sons (HUF) sold a residential house on which there arose a long term
capital gain of Rs.12 lakhs which was invested in Capital Gain Bonds u/s.54EC so that
no long term capital gain was taxable.

ii. Mrs.Archana was born in Germany and married in India. Her residential status under
section 6(6) of the Income-tax Act. 1961 is 'resident and ordinarily resident'. She owns
a car in Germany which she uses for her personal purposes during her visit to her
parents' place in that country.

iii. Sudhakar has incurred an expenditure of Rs.1,20,000 towards consumption of

electricity, the entire payment of which was made through banking channels.
 156

9. Arun's GTI of P.Y. 2021-22 is Rs.2,45,000. He deposits Rs.45,000 in PPF. He pays electricity bills
aggregating to Rs.1.20 lakhs in the P.Y.2021-22. Which of the statements is correct?

(a) Arun is not required to file his return of income u/s.139(1) for P.Y. 2021-22, since his total
income before giving effect to deduction u.s. 80C does not exceed the basic exemption limit.
(b) Arun is not required to file his return of income u/s.139(1) for P.Y. 2021-22, since his
electricity bills do not exceed Rs.2,00,000 for the P.Y.2021-22.
(c) Arun is not required to file his return of income u/s.139(1) for P.Y. 2021-22, since neither
his total income before giving effect to deduction under section 80C exceeds the basic
exemption limit nor his electricity bills exceed Rs.2 lakh for the P.Y.2021-22.
(d) Arun is required to file his return of income u/s 139(1) for P.Y. 2021-22, since his electricity
bills exceed Rs.1 lakh for the P.Y.2021-22.

10. Mr.Y has a total income of Rs.4,50,000 for A.Y.2022-23. He furnishes his return of income for A.Y.
2022-23 on 2nd December, 2022. He is liable to pay fee of:– (a) Rs.1,000 u.s.234F (b) Rs.5,000 u.s.
234F (c) Rs.10,000 u.s. 234F (d) Not liable to pay any fee

11. Mr. Z, a salaried individual, has a total income of Rs.8 lakhs for A.Y. 2022-23. He furnishes his return
of income for A.Y. 2022-23 on 28th August, 2022. He is liable to pay fee of:– (a) Rs.1,000 u.s.234F
(b) Rs.5,000 u.s.234F (c) Rs.10,000 u.s.234F (d) Not liable to pay any fee.

12. State the conditions when a person is required to furnish Income-tax return in the prescribed form
& manner on or before the due date even if such person (other than a company or a firm) is not
otherwise required to furnish a return u.s.139(1).

BELATED RETURN u.s.139 (4)

A belated return can be filed at any time:
a. before three months prior to the end of the relevant assessment year (i.e. 31.12.2022); or
b. before the completion of the assessment (whichever is earlier).

Mr.A, who has only salary income for the p.y. 2021-22 (AY 2022-23) ought to have filed return of
income on or before 31.07.2022, being the time limit allowed u.s.139(1). In case if he has not filed
the return on or before 31.07.2022, he may file a belated return on or before 31.12.2022, which is
before three months prior to the end of the relevant assessment year. In case assessment is
completed by the A.O., say by 10.12.2022, the corresponding time limit for furnishing belated
return u.s.139(4) also concludes by 10.12.2022.

Note: a. A belated return shall attract interest u.s.234A if there is any tax due
b. A belated return shall attract late fee
c. Losses cannot be carried forward

REVISED RETURN u.s.139 (5)

 157

If an assesse, after furnishing the return of income, discovers ANY OMISSION OR ANY WRONG
STATEMENT in the return filed, he may furnish a revised return.

A revised return can be filed at any time:

a. before three months prior to the end of the relevant assessment year (i.e. 31.12.2022); or
b. before completion of assessment (whichever is earlier).

Revised return filed shall replace the original return for all purposes.

Example:
For Assessment Year 2022-23
Due date for filing ITR: 31st July, 2022
A belated return can be filed before 31 st December, 2022
The return filed (in time or belatedly) can be revised before 31 st December, 2022.

Note:
a. A revised return can be revised again.
b. A belated return can also be revised.

Problems:
1. Mr.Y filed a return of income on 28.11.2022 (belated return) for A.Y.22-23 returning a taxable income
of Rs.10,00,000. Later, on 01.12.2022 he filed a revised return declaring a reduced taxable income of
Rs.6,00,000. As on 01.12.2022 assessment order was not passed. Advise on the validity of the return?

Solution:
A belated return can also be revised. A revised return can be filed before three months prior to the end
of the relevant assessment year (i.e. before 31st December, 2022). A revised return was filed by the
assessee on 01.12.2022 reducing the taxable income to Rs.6,00,000. A revised return filed shall replace
the original return for all purposes. The return filed is a valid return in law.

2. Mr.V submits his return of income on 12.09.2022 for A.Y.2022-23 consisting of income under the head
house property and other sources. On 21.11.2022, he realized that he had not claimed deduction
u.s.80TTA in respect of his interest on savings bank account. He wants to revise his return of income.
Can he do so? Discuss. Would your answer be different if he discovered this omission on 21.01.2023?

Solution:
Mr.V is not subject to Tax Audit. Due date for filing return of income for A.Y.2022-23 is 31st July, 2022.

A return furnished u.s.139(1) or a belated return u.s.139(4) can be revised. Therefore, Mr.V can revise
the return of income filed by him in November 2022, to claim deduction u.s.80TTA, since the time limit
for filing a revised return is before three months prior to the end of the relevant assessment year, which
is 31.12.2022.

However, he cannot revise return had he discovered this omission only on 21.01.2023, since it is beyond
31.12.2022. Sum no.2; page 10.41
3. Explain with brief reasons whether the return of income can be revised u.s.139(5) of the Income-
tax Act, 1961 in the following cases:
 158

a. Belated return filed under section 139(4).

b. Return already revised once under section 139(5).
c. Return of loss filed under section 139(3). Sum no.2; page 10.12

Solution:
Any person who has furnished a return u.s.139(1) or 139(4) can file a revised return at any time
before three months prior to the end of the relevant assessment year or before completion of
assessment, whichever is earlier, if he discovers any omission or any wrong statement in the return
filed earlier. Accordingly,

(i) A belated return filed u.s.139(4) can be revised.

(ii) A return revised earlier can be revised again as the first revised return replaces the original
return. Therefore, if the assessee discovers any omission or wrong statement in such a revised
return, he can furnish a second revised return within the prescribed time i.e. before three
months prior to the end of the relevant assessment year or before the completion of
assessment, whichever is earlier.

(iii) A return of loss filed u.s.139(3) is deemed to be return filed u.s.139(1), and therefore, can be
revised u.s.139(5).

4. Which of the following returns can be revised under section 139(5)?

(i) A return of income filed u/s 139(1)
(ii) A belated return of income filed u/s 139(4)
(iii) A return of loss filed u/s 139(3)

Choose the correct answer:

(a) Only (i) (c) Only (i) and (ii)
(b) Only (i) and (iii) (d) (i), (ii) and (iii)

DEFECTIVE RETURN:
The A.O. may intimate the defect in the return of income to the assesse. The assesse may be
called upon to rectify the defect within 15 days from the date of intimation. The Assessing Officer
has the discretion to extend the time period beyond 15 days, on an application made by the
assessee.

If the return is not so rectified within 15 days or within the extended time, the AO shall treat the
return of income as an invalid return.

Where, however, the assessee rectifies the defect after the expiry of the period of 15 days or
within the extended period, but before assessment is made, the Assessing Officer can condone
the delay and treat the return as a valid return.

PERMANENT ACCOUNT NUMBER (PAN).

 159

The following persons are required to apply and obtain PAN

a. Every person whose total income or the total income of any other person in respect of which
he is assessable under this Act during any previous year exceeded the basic exemption limit;
or

b. Any person carrying business or profession whose turnover or gross receipts is likely to
exceed Rs.5,00,000 in any previous year; or

c. Every person, being a resident, other than an individual, which enters into a financial
transaction of an amount aggregating to Rs.2,50,000 or more in a financial year; or

d. Every person who is the managing director, director, partner, trustee, author, founder, karta,
chief executive officer, principal officer or office bearer of the person mentioned in (c) above
or any person competent to act on behalf of such person.

5. An individual client has consulted you on the matter of PAN. He is carrying on the business of sale
& purchase of electronic appliances. His turnover is Rs.3,00,000 and the profit is Rs.75,000 for the
P.Y. 2021-22. He has asked you to provide him threshold of turnover, if any, exceeding which he has
to apply for PAN.

(a) More than Rs.2,00,000

(b) More than Rs.2,50,000
(c) More than Rs.3,00,000
(d) More than Rs.5,00,000

i. PAN is required for the following purposes:

a. Purchase of UNITS OF MUTUAL FUND exceeding Rs.50,000
b. Purchase of DEBENTURES of a company exceeding Rs.50,000
c. Purchase of RBI BONDS exceeding Rs.50,000
d. Purchase of SHARES in a company exceeding Rs.2,00,000

e. Sale or purchase of SHARES NOT LISTED in a recognized stock exchange exceeding

Rs.1,00,000 per transaction.

f. Sale or purchase of any IMMOVABLE PROPERTY value or SDV exceeding Rs.10 lakhs
g. Sale or purchase of MOTOR VEHICLE other than a two wheeler (no minimum amount)

h. Making an application for issue of a CREDIT CARD or a DEBIT CARD

i. Opening a DEMAT account
j. CASH DEPOSIT exceeding Rs.50,000 with a bank/post office during any one day

k. TIME DEPOSIT WITH A BANK or A POST OFFICE exceeding Rs.50,000 or aggregate exceeding
Rs.5 lakhs during a financial year
 160

l. Payment of LIFE INSURANCE PREMIUM aggregating to more than Rs.50,000 in a year to an

insurer

m. Payment in CASH exceeding Rs.50,000 to a HOTEL OR RESTAURANT against a bill or bills at

any one time.

n. Payment in CASH exceeding Rs.50,000 in connection with TRAVEL TO ANY FOREIGN

COUNTRY or payment for purchase of any FOREIGN CURRENCY at any one time.

o. Sale or purchase of goods or services of any nature other than those specified above for an
amount exceeding Rs 2 lakh per transaction.

1. Pertaining to the following transactions, what is the, minimum amount above which quoting of
Permanent Account Number is mandatory?

a. Sale or purchase of Car

b. Payment to a hotel or restaurant against a bill or bills at any one time.
c. Payment in connection with travel to any foreign country.
d. Payment to the Reserve Bank of India for acquiring bonds issued by it.
e. A Time Deposit with a Post Office.
f. Payment as Life Insurance Premium to an insurer.
g. Sale or purchase of shares of a company not listed in a recognized stock exchange.
h. Sale or purchase of any immovable property.

Solution:
a. Quoting of PAN is compulsory (no minimum amount specified)
b. Payment in CASH to hotels or restaurant if bill amount exceeds Rs.50,000 at one time
c. Payment in CASH exceeding Rs.50,000 in connection with travel to any foreign country at one
time.
d. Exceeding Rs.50,000
e. Time deposit with a bank or a post office exceeding Rs.50,000 or aggregate exceeding Rs.5
lakhs during a financial year
f. Payment of life insurance premium exceeding Rs.50,000 in a year to an insurer
g. Applying for purchase of shares in an unlisted company exceeding Rs.1,00,000
h. Sale or purchase of any immovable property value exceeding Rs.10 lakhs
 161

2. Mr.Aakash has undertaken certain transactions during the F.Y.2021-22, which are listed below.
You are required to identify the transactions in respect of which quoting of PAN is mandatory in
the related documents:—

S.No. Transaction
1. Payment of life insurance premium of Rs.45,000 in the F.Y.2021-22 by account payee
cheque to LIC for insuring life of self and spouse
2. Payment of Rs.1,00,000 to a five-star hotel for stay for 5 days with family, out of which
Rs.60,000 was paid in cash
3. Payment of Rs.80,000 by ECS through bank account for acquiring the debentures of A
Ltd., an Indian company
4. Payment of Rs.95,000 by account payee cheque to Thomas Cook for travel to Dubai for
3 days to visit relatives
5. Applied to SBI for issue of credit card.

Answer:
a) PAN is not mandatory as life insurance premium paid does not exceed Rs.50,000
b) PAN is mandatory as payment in cash exceeds Rs.50,000
c) PAN is mandatory as payment exceeds Rs.50,000
d) PAN is not mandatory as payment is not paid by cash
e) PAN is mandatory for issue of credit card.

3. In which of the following transactions, quoting of PAN is mandatory by the person entering into
the said transaction?

i. Opening a basic savings bank deposit account with a bank

ii. Applying to a bank for issue of a credit card.
iii. Payment of Rs.40,000 to mutual fund for purchase of its units
iv. Cash deposit with a post office of Rs.1,00,000 during a day.
v. A fixed deposit of Rs.30,000 with a NBFC registered with RBI aggregating the total
deposits to Rs.3,50,000 for the F.Y up to the date of this deposit made.
vi. Sale of shares of an unlisted company for an amount of Rs.60,000

Choose the correct answer:

(a) II, IV
(b) II, III, IV
(c) I, II, III, V, VI
(d) II, IV, VI
 162

SUBMISSION OF RETURNS THROUGH TAX RETURN PREPARERS:

“Tax Return Preparer” can be any individual, who has been authorized by the CBDT to assist the
“specified class of persons” in preparing and filing their return of income and affix his signature
on such return.

“Specified class or classes of persons” shall mean any person, other than
f) a company or
g) a person whose accounts are required to be audited u.s.44 AB or
h) whose accounts are required to be audited under any other law for the time being in force

Educational Qualification for TRPs

“Tax Return Preparer” shall be an individual who holds a bachelor degree from a recognized
Indian University or has passed the intermediate examination conducted by the Institute of
Chartered Accountants of India or Institute of Company Secretaries of India or Institute of Cost
Accountants of India.

However, TRPs do not include:

• a Chartered Accountant;
• a Legal Practitioner who is entitled to practice in any civil court in India and
• any officer of a Scheduled Bank with which the assessee maintains a current account or
has other regular dealings.

Problem:
Mrs.H, an individual, engaged in the business of Beauty Parlour, has got her books of account for
the financial year ended on 31st March, 2022, audited u.s.44 AB. Her total income for the A.Y.2022-
23 is Rs.6,75,000. She wants to furnish her return of income for A.Y. 2022-23 through a tax return
preparer. Can she do so? Sum no.3; page no.10.30

Solution:
Section 139B provides a scheme for submission of return of income for any assessment year through
a tax return preparer. However, it is not applicable to persons whose books of account are required
to be audited under section 44AB. Therefore, Mrs.H cannot furnish her return of income for
A.Y.2022-23 through a tax return preparer.
 163

Section 140 – Who shall verify the return of income:

Assessee Verified by
a. Individual the individual himself

When absent from India: the individual himself; or any person duly
authorized by him holding a valid power of
attorney from the individual

Where he is mentally incapacitated: his guardian; or any other person

competent to act on his behalf

Where for any other reason he is not able to any person duly authorized by him
verify the return holding a valid power of attorney from the
individual

b. HUF Karta
Where Karta is absent from India or is Any other adult member (male or
mentally incapacitated female) of the family

c. Company Managing Director

Where MD is unable to verify Any director or any other person as may be

prescribed for this purpose

Where company is not resident in India Any person who holds a valid POA

When the company is in liquidation The liquidator

Where the management of the company

has been taken over by Central Govt or any
State Government under any law The principal officer of the company

Where an application for corporate insolvency Insolvency Professional appointed by

resolution process has been admitted by the such Adjudicating Authority
Adjudicating Authority under the Insolvency
and Bankruptcy Code, 2016

d. Partnership firm Managing Partner

When the managing partner is unable to verify Any other partner (not being a minor)
Limited Liability Partnership Designated Partner
When the designated partner is unable to verify Any Partner or any other person as may be
prescribed for this purpose

e. Local Authority Principal Officer

f. Political party Chief Executive Officer
g. Association of Persons Any Member or Principal Officer
 164

Problem:
1. Specify the persons who are authorized to sign the return of income.
a. Political Party c. Local Authority
b. AOP d. LLP

Solution: Political Party: Chief Executive Officer of such party

AOP: Any Member or Principal Officer
Local authority: Principal Officer
LLP: Designated partner

2. Where the Karta of an HUF is absent from India, the return of income can be signed by any male member
of the family. Give reasoning for the statement to be true or false.

Solution: Any other adult member of HUF, can sign the return of income. Thus a male member who is
not an adult cannot sign the return of income. An adult member, whether male or female, can sign the
return of income.

3. Iskon Inc., a foreign company and non-resident in India for A.Y. 2022-23 engaged in the business of
trading of tube-lights outside India. The principal officer of the company has approached you to
enlighten him regarding the provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961 pertaining to the person who is
required to verify the return of income in case of Iskon Inc. Advise him as to which of the following
statements are correct, assuming that the company has a managing director.

I. The return of income in case of Iskon Inc. can be verified by the managing director.
II. The return of income in case of Iskon Inc. can be verified by any director, irrespective of the
availability or otherwise of the managing director.
III. The return of income may be verified by a person who holds a valid power of attorney from such
company to do so, irrespective of the availability or otherwise of the managing director.

Choose the correct answer:

(a) I or II or III
(b) Only I
(c) I or III
(d) Only III

4. Mr.Kamal filed his Return of Income for the AY 2022-23 on 30.11.2022. Can he revise such return
of income?

Solution: Yes. A belated return can be revised. A revised return can be filed before three months
prior to the end of the relevant assessment year or before completion of assessment whichever is
earlier. In this case, he can file a revised return on or before 31.12.2022 assuming assessment is not
completed.
 165

5. Explain the term “return of loss” under the Income-tax Act, 1961. Can any loss be carried forward
even if return of loss has not been filed as required?

Solution:
A return of loss is a return which shows certain losses. Section 80 provides that the losses specified
therein cannot be carried forward, unless such losses are determined in pursuance of return filed
under the provisions of section 139(3).

Section 139(3) states that to carry forward the losses specified therein, the return should be filed
within the time specified in section 139(1).

Following losses cannot be carried forward in the case of a belated filing:

Business loss; Speculative business loss; Specified business loss u.s.35AD; Loss under the head
“capital gains” and loss from the activity of owning and maintaining race horses. However, loss
from house property and unabsorbed depreciation can be carried forward even if return of loss has
not been filed in time.

QUOTING OF AADHAR NUMBER [SECTION 139AA]

1. Mandatory quoting of Aadhar Number:

Every person is required to mandatorily quote Aadhar Number:

(a) in the application form for allotment of PAN

(b) in the return of income

2. Mandatory quoting of Enrolment Id, where person does not have Aadhar Number:
If a person does not have Aadhar Number, he is required to quote Enrolment ID of Aadhar
application form in the application form for allotment of PAN or in the return of income furnished
by him. Enrolment ID means a 28 digit Enrolment Identification Number issued to a resident at
the time of enrolment.

3. Intimation of Aadhar Number to prescribed Authority:

Every person who has been allotted PAN and who is eligible to obtain Aadhar Number, shall
intimate his Aadhar Number to prescribed authority on or before a date as may be notified by
the Central Government (on or before 30th June, 2021).

4. Consequences of failure to intimate Aadhar Number:

If a person fails to intimate the Aadhar Number, the PAN allotted to such person shall be deemed
to be invalid and the other provisions of the Act shall apply, as if the person had not applied for
PAN. Late fee if not intimated before 30th June, 2021 shall be Rs.1000.

5. The provisions of quoting Aadhar shall not apply in the following cases:
a. Individuals residing in the States of Assam, Jammu and Kashmir and Meghalaya;
b. Non-resident;
c. Very senior citizen;
d. Not a citizen of India.
 166

SELF-ASSESSMENT – SECTION 140A

Where any tax is payable on the basis of any return required to be furnished under section 139,
after taking into account –

(i) the amount of tax, already paid,

(ii) the tax deducted or collected at source

the assessee shall be liable to pay such tax together with interest and fees payable under any
provision of this Act for any delay in furnishing the return or any default or delay in payment of
advance tax before furnishing the return.

Order of adjustment of amount paid by the assessee:

Where the amount paid by the assessee u.s.140A falls short of the aggregate of the tax, interest
and fees, the amount so paid shall first be adjusted towards the fees payable and thereafter
towards interest and the balance shall be adjusted towards the tax payable.

Additional problems:
1. Paras aged 55 years is resident of India. During the F.Y. 2021-22, interest of Rs.2,88,000 was credited
to his Non-resident (External) Account with SBI. Rs.30,000, being interest on fixed deposit with SBI, was
credited to his saving bank account during this period. He also earned Rs.3,000 as interest on this saving
account. Is Paras required to file return of income? What will be your answer, if he had incurred Rs.3
lakhs as travel expenditure of self and spouse to US to stay with his married daughter for some time?
Sum no.1; page 10.6

Computation of total income of Mr.Paras for A.Y.2022-23

Income from other sources:

Interest earned from Non-resident (External) Account exempt u.s.10(4)
Interest on fixed deposit with SBI 30,000
Interest on savings bank account 3,000
Gross Total Income 33,000
Less: Section 80TTA 3,000
Total Income 30,000

Interest from NRE A/c is exempt u.s.10(4), assuming that Mr.Paras has been permitted by RBI to
maintain the aforesaid account.

Since the total income before giving effect to Chapter VI-A deductions is less than the basic exemption
limit of Rs.2,50,000, he is not required to file return of income for A.Y.2022-23.

If he has incurred expenditure of Rs.3 lakhs on foreign travel of self and spouse, he has to mandatorily
file his return of income on or before the due date u.s.139(1).
 167

2. Mr.Mukesh born on 1.4.1962 furnished his original return for Assessment Year 2022-23 on
30.07.2022. He has shown salary income of Rs.7.30 lakhs (computed) and interest from his savings
bank of Rs.12,700 and from his fixed deposits of Rs.43,000. He also claimed deduction under section
80C of Rs.1.50 lakhs. He had claimed deduction u/s 80D of Rs.25,000. He also claimed deduction
u/s 8OTTA of Rs.10,000. His employer had deducted TDS of Rs.33,950 from his salary, which he
adjusted fully against tax payable.

He paid health insurance premium of Rs.38,000 by account payee cheque for self and wife. He paid
Rs.1,500 in cash for his health check-up and Rs.4,000 by cheque for preventive health check-up of
his parents. He also paid medical insurance premium of Rs.33,000 during the year to insure the
health of his mother, aged 80 years, staying with his younger brother. He further incurred medical
expenditure of Rs.25,000 on his father, aged 81 years, who is staying with him. His father is not
covered under any Mediclaim policy.

He seeks your advice about possibility of revising his return and if possible file his revised return.
Analyze the above narrated facts as per applicable provisions of the Income-tax Act. 1961. Does he
need to revise his return and for what reasons? Please advise him suitably and if needed, re-compute
his income and tax payable or refund due for the Assessment Year 2022-23.

3. Briefly explain the provisions of section 139A of the Income-tax Act, 1961 with regard to the persons
who are required to apply for Permanent Account Number.

4. Mr.Hari aged 57 years is a resident of India. He provides you the following details of his incomes
pertaining to F.Y. 2021-22.

Interest on Non-Resident (External) Account maintained with

State Bank of India as per RBI stipulations Rs.5,35,000
Interest on savings bank account maintained with SBI Rs.8,000
Interest on Fixed Deposits with Punjab National Bank Rs.40,000

He seeks your advice on his liability to file return of income as per Income-tax Act, 1961 for the
Assessment Year 2022-23.

What will be your answer, if he has incurred Rs.4 lakhs on travel expenses of his newly married son
and daughter in law's honeymoon in Canada?
 168

CHAPTER 18A: SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE – 10AA

Deduction u/s.10AA: Units located in SEZ and deriving profits from export:

To whom available: Any assesse engaged in manufacture or production of any article

or thing or computer software in any SEZ. This deduction is not
available for an assessee who has opted for the new tax regime
u.s.115BAC.

Amount of deduction: 100% of export profits for first five assessment years commencing
from the year of manufacture

50% of export profits for next five assessment years

50% of export profits (or) amount transferred to “SEZ Re-

investment Allowance Reserve Account” whichever is less shall be
allowed as deduction for another five years.

Computation of deduction u.s.10AA:

Profits of SEZ unit (x) Export turnover of SEZ unit

Total turnover of SEZ unit

“Export Turnover” means amount brought into India in convertible foreign exchange within six
months from the end of the previous year or within the time permitted by the RBI.

“Export Turnover” does not include:

Freight, telecommunication charges and insurance charges for delivery of goods outside India.

1. Mrs.V, a resident individual, is running a SEZ unit, as well as a unit in Domestic Tariff Area (DTA).
She furnishes the following details relating to the year ended 31.03.2022, pertaining to these two
units
(Rs. in lakhs)
DTA unit SEZ unit
Export turnover 100 1000
Total turnover 400 1100
Net profit 50 220

Compute the deduction available u/s.10AA:

(i) When the SEZ unit had been set up on 12.03.2014; and
(ii) When the SEZ unit had been set up on 12.08.2019.
 169

2. Rudra Ltd. has one unit at Special Economic Zone (SEZ) and other unit at Domestic Traffic Area
(DTA). The company provides the following details for the previous year 2021-22.

Particulars Rudra Ltd. (Rs.) Unit in DTA (Rs.)

Total Sales 6,00,00,000 2,00,00,000
Export Sales 4,60,00,000 1,60,00,000
Net Profit 80,00,000 20,00,000

Calculate the eligible deduction under section 10AA of the Income-tax Act, 1961, for the
Assessment Year 2022-23, in the following situations:

i. If both the units were set up and start manufacturing from 22-05-2014
ii. If both the units were set up and start manufacturing from 14-05-2018

3. XYZ Ltd. has two units, one unit at Special Economic Zone (SEZ) and other unit at Domestic Tariff
Area (DTA). The unit in SEZ was set up and started manufacturing from 12.3.2013 and unit in
DTA from 15.6.2016. Total turnover of XYZ Ltd. and Unit in DTA is Rs.8,50,00,000 and
Rs.3,25,00,000, respectively. Export sales of unit in SEZ and DTA is Rs.2,50,00,000 and
Rs.1,25,00,000, respectively and net profit of Unit in SEZ and DTA is Rs.80,00,000 and
Rs.45,00,000, respectively.

XYZ Ltd. would be eligible for deduction under section 10AA for P.Y. 2021-22 for:-
(a) Rs.38,09,524
(b) Rs.19,04,762
(c) Rs.23,52,941
(d) Rs.11,76,471

4. Mr.Suraj (aged 48 years) furnishes the following particulars for the previous year 2021-22 in
respect of an industrial undertaking established in "Special Economic Zone" in March 2016. It
began manufacturing in April 2016.

Particulars (Rs.)
Total sales 85,00,000
Export sales [proceeds received in India] 45,00,000
Domestic sales; 40,00,000
Profit from the above undertaking 20,00,000

Export Sales of F.Y. of 2021-22 include freight and insurance of Rs.5 lacs for delivery of goods
outside India.

He received rent of Rs.25,000 per month for a commercial property let out to Mr.Sudhir, a
salaried individual. He earned interest on Savings Bank A/c of Rs.12,500 and interest on Post
Office Savings A/c of Rs.5,500 during the P.Y. 2021-22.
 170

Based on the facts of the case scenario given above, choose the most appropriate answer to the
following questions:

i. Compute the amount of deduction available u.s.10AA to Mr.Suraj for A.Y. 2022-23.

(a) Rs.10,00,000
(b) Rs.4,70,577
(c) Rs.5,62,500
(d) Rs.5,00,000

ii. Compute the total income of Mr.Suraj for the previous year 2021-22, assuming that he
does not opt to pay tax under section 115BAC.

(a) Rs.12,14,500
(b) Rs.17,18,000
(c) Rs.17,14,500
(d) Rs.17,28,000

iii. Compute the amount of export turnover and total turnover for purpose of computing
deduction under section 10AA for A.Y. 2022-23.

(a) Rs.45,00,000 and Rs.85,00,000, respectively

(b) Rs.40,00,000 and Rs.80,00,000, respectively
(c) Rs.45,00,000 and Rs.80,00,000, respectively
(d) Rs.40,00,000 and Rs.85,00,000, respectively

iv. Assume for the purpose of this question only that Mr.Suraj established SEZ Unit and
began manufacturing in April, 2018. Compute the amount of deduction available under
section 10AA for A.Y. 2022-23.

(a) Rs.10,00,000
(b) Rs.9,41,154
(c) Rs.11,25,000
(d) Rs.5,00,000

5. A company has two units developing and exporting computer software. Unit A is in a special
economic zone and qualifies for exemption u.s.10AA. It furnishes the following information of
its 3rd year of operation ending on 31.03.2022:

Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31.03.2022 (in lacs)

Unit A Unit B Unit A Unit B

Salaries 270 160 Exports 600 780
Admin exps 210 260 Domestic sales 100 220
Net profit 265 675
 171

Unit A: Foreign exchange received into India by 30.09.2022 amounts to Rs.520 lakhs. Export of
Rs.600 lakhs includes insurance and freight of Rs.100 lakhs. Export realization of Rs.520 lakhs
includes insurance and freight of Rs.70 lakhs.

Compute for Unit A the amount of export turnover and the total turnover for arriving at the
deduction u.s.10AA.

Answer:

Total turnover:
Export turnover including insurance and freight: Rs.600 lacs
Less: Insurance and freight for delivery of goods outside India Rs.100 lacs
Rs.500 lacs
Domestic turnover: Rs.100 lacs
Total turnover Rs.600 lacs

Export turnover:
Amount of foreign exchanged received up to 30.09.2022 Rs.520 lacs
Less: Insurance and freight included in the above Rs.70 lacs
Export turnover Rs.450 lacs
 172

CHAPTER 18 B: ALTERNATIVE MINIMUM TAX

1. AMT provisions shall apply to any person who has claimed deduction under:
a. Section 10AA; or
b. Section 35AD; or
c. Section 80JJAA, Section 80QQB & Section 80RRB

2. AMT provisions are applicable for all assesses (individuals, huf, firms) except companies.

3. NO AMT: AMT provisions shall NOT apply to an Individual or HUF if the Adjusted Total Income
of such person does not exceed Rs.20 lakhs.

4. AMT rate is calculated @ 18.5% plus surcharge and education cess

5. Tax Liability is computed as under:

a. Tax on Total Income as per the normal provisions; and
b. AMT @ 18.5% on the Adjusted Total Income (whichever is higher)

6. Adjusted Total Income u.s.115JC is computed as follows:

Step 1: “Taxable Income” as per the normal provisions xxx

Step 2: Add: Deduction claimed (3 items):

u.s.80IA to 80RRB (except 80P) xxx
u.s.10AA xxx
u.s.35AD (net of depreciation allowed) xxx

Step 3: Adjusted Total Income xxx

7. AMT CREDIT: Excess tax paid on account of AMT shall be carried forward as “AMT Credit” for a
period of 15 years and can be set off against future tax liability.

8. For each assessment year, two computations are required to be made:

a. Total income under the normal provisions of the Act; and
b. Adjusted Total Income under the provisions of Section 115JC

PROBLEMS:
1. Compute the tax payable by Mr.A & by Mr.B for A.Y.2022-23:

Particulars Mr.A Mr.B

Total Income (after deduction u.s.10AA) 40,00,000 10,00,000
Deduction claimed u/s.10AA 25,00,000 8,50,000

Also compute the amount of AMT credit to be carried forward.

 173

2. Mr.R (age 62 years) furnishes the following information for the year ending 31.03.2022:

Income from business Rs.20,00,000 (set up in SEZ)

Deduction u.s.10AA Rs.10,00,000
Income from royalty (lump-sum) from books Rs.5,00,000 (qualifies for deduction u.s.80QQB)
Income from other sources Rs.1,00,000 (including interest on fixed deposit with SBI Rs.72,000)
Deduction u.s.80C Rs.1,50,000

Compute total income and tax liability for AY 22-23.

3. Mr.A, a resident individual and a software engineer, set up one unit in a special economic zone
in the year 2018-19 for development of the software. All the conditions of section 10AA of the
Income-tax Act stand fulfilled.

His P&L A/c. for the year ended 31st March, 2022 shows a net profit of Rs.25 lakhs.

The other details are as follows:

(a) Export turnover Rs.75 Lakhs.
(b) Domestic turnover Rs.25 Lakhs.

Debit side of the P&L A/c. includes corporation tax of Rs.5 Lakhs for office premises, which was
not paid due to certain dispute. Compute tax payable by Mr.A for the A.Y. 2022-23.

4. Mr.X, an individual set up an unit in SEZ in the financial year 2017-18 for production of washing
machines. The unit fulfills all the conditions of Section 10AA.

During the financial year 2020-21, he has also set up a warehousing facility in a district of Tamil
Nadu for storage of agricultural produce. He fulfills all the conditions of Section 35AD. Capital
expenditure in respect of warehouse amounted to Rs.75 lakhs (including cost of land Rs.10
lakhs), the payment of which has been made by an account payee bank draft. The warehouse
became operational with effect from 1 st April, 2021 and the expenditure of Rs.75 lakhs was
capitalized in the books on that date.

Relevant details for the financial year 2021-22 are as follows:

Profit of unit located in SEZ Rs.40,00,000

Export sales of above unit Rs.80,00,000
Domestic sales of above unit Rs.20,00,000

Profit from operation of warehousing facility (before

considering deduction u.s.35AD) Rs.1,05,00,000

Compute income tax (including AMT u.s.115JC) payable by Mr.X for A.Y.2022-23.
 174

5. Mr.Uttam presents you following data related to his tax liability for A.Y. 2022-23:

Particulars Rs. in lakhs

Tax Liability as per regular provisions of Income-tax Act. 1961 15
Tax Liability as per section 115JC 12
AMT credit brought forward from A.Y. 2021-22 5

What shall be the tax liability of Mr.Uttam for A.Y. 2022-23?

a) Rs.12 lakhs
b) Rs.15 lakhs
c) Rs.10 lakhs
d) Rs.7 lakhs
 175

CHAPTER 18 C: INCOMES EXEMPT U.S.10

1. State with reasons in brief whether the following statements are true or false:

a. Mr. A, a member of a HUF, received ₹ 1,00,000 as his share from the income of the HUF. The same
is to be included in his chargeable income.

b. Share of profit received by a partner from his firm is exempt u.s.10(2A)

c. Interest on moneys standing to the credit of individual in his Non-resident (External) Account
(NRE A/c) is exempt from tax.

d. Interest on post office savings account is exempt u.s.10(15).

e. Compensation on account of disaster received from a local authority by an individual or his/her

legal heir is taxable

f. Mr. Roy received a sum of ₹ 20 lakh on 31.3.2020 from LIC of India in respect of a policy, where
the sum assured was ₹15 lakh, taken on 1.10.2004 and for which a one-time premium of ₹ 10 lakh
was paid. Mr. Roy claims that the amount is totally exempt u.s.10(10D) of the IT Act, 1961.

g. Maturity amount received from LIC is exempt but maturity amount received from keyman
insurance policy is taxable.

h. Amount withdrawn from Public Provident Fund as per relevant rules.

i. Scholarship granted to meet the cost of education shall be fully exempt.

j. Daily allowance received by MP / MLA is fully exempt.

k. Pension received by a recipient of gallantry award is exempt from income-tax.

l. Pension received by the widow of the member of the armed forces, who died during the course of
operational duties is exempt from tax.

m. Exemption is available to a Sikkimese individual, only in respect of income from any source in the
State of Sikkim.

n. Income earned by a minor child not by way of skill or talent is fully exempt.

o. Agricultural land in urban area used for agricultural purposes by the assessee for 4 years was
compulsorily acquired by Government of India and compensation fixed by it Rs.25 lacs.

p. Lumpsum amount received by a senior citizen from a bank under Reverse Mortgage Scheme is
exempt from tax under section 10(43)

q. Amount received by a shareholder on buy-back of shares by a company is exempt from tax.

r. Allowances or perks paid by Government of India to an Indian citizen for rendering services
outside India is fully exempt.
 176

Answer:

False: Share received by member out of the income of the HUF is exempt u.s.10(2)

True: Share of profit received by a partner is exempt in his hands u.s.10(2A)

True: Interest earned by a non-resident Indian in his NRE a/c with a bank is fully exempt
u.s.10(4)

True: Rs.3,500 in a single account and Rs.7,000 in a joint account.

False: As per section 10(10BC), any amount received as compensation by an individual or

his/her legal heir on account of any disaster from the Central Government, State
Government or a local authority is exempt from tax.

False: Policy issued before 01.04.2012. Premium paid is Rs.10 lakhs which is more than 20% of
sum assured (15 lakhs x 20%). Therefore, maturity amount received is fully taxable. Tds
shall be deducted @ 5% on the INCOME. Maturity amount is not exempt u.s.10(10D).

True: Maturity amount received from LIC shall be exempt from tax u.s.10(10D) provided the
premium paid does not exceed the prescribed %. Amount received from maturity of
keyman insurance policy is taxable either under the head ‘salaries’ or ‘business or
profession’ or ‘Income from other sources’.

True: Any amount withdrawn from PPF shall be exempt from tax u.s.10(11)

True: The value of scholarship granted to meet the cost of education would be exempt from
tax in the hands of recipient irrespective of the amount or source of scholarship. Section
10(16)

True: Daily allowance received by MP or MLA shall be fully exempt u.s.10(17)

True: Exempt from tax u.s.10(18). It includes pension received by an individual who has been
awarded ‘Param Vir Chakra’ or ‘Maha Vir Chakra’ or ‘Vir Chakra’ (gallantry award).

True: Exempt from tax under section 10(19)

False: Income from any source in the State of Sikkim, dividend income and interest on securities
is exempt in the hands of a Sikkimese individual. This exemption is not available to a
Sikkimese woman who, on or after 1st April, 2008, marries a non-Sikkimese individual.
Section 10(26AAA).

False: Income of a minor child is exempt up to Rs.1,500 u.s.10(32)

True: Exempt u.s.10(37) – Refer capital gains (section 54B)

True: Exempt u.s.10(43) – Refer capital gains (reverse mortgage scheme)

True: Exempt u.s.10(34A) – Refer capital gains (buy-back)

True: Fully exempt u.s.10(7) – Refer salaries.

 177

CHAPTER – 18D: INCOME DEEMED TO ACCRUE OR ARISE IN INDIA

Income deemed to accrue or arise in India
Any income accruing or arising to an assessee in any place outside India whether directly or
indirectly through any “business connection” in India would be deemed to accrue or arise in
India. Hence, taxable in India.

What is Business Connection?

‘Business Connection’ shall include any business activity carried out through a person acting on
behalf of the non-resident.

However, in the case of a non-resident, the following shall NOT be treated as business
connection in India:

Purchase of goods in India for export:

In the case of a non-resident, no income shall be deemed to accrue or arise in India to him
through or from operations which are confined to the purchase of goods in India for the purpose
of export.

Collection of news and views in India for transmission out of India:

In the case of a non-resident, being a person engaged in business of running a news agency or of
publishing newspapers, magazines or journals, no income shall be deemed to accrue or arise in
India to him through or from activities which are confined to the collection of news and views in
India for transmission out of India.

Shooting of cinematograph films in India:

In the case of a non-resident, no income shall be deemed to accrue or arise in India through or
from operations which are confined to the shooting of any cinematograph film in India, if such
non-resident is:

a) an individual, who is not a citizen of India; or

b) a firm which does not have any partner who is a citizen of India or who is resident in
India; or
c) a company which does not have any shareholder who is a citizen of India or who is a
resident in India.

Activities confined to display of rough diamonds in SNZs:

In the case of a foreign company engaged in the business of mining of diamonds, no income shall
be deemed to accrue or arise in India to it through or from the activities which are confined
to display of uncut and unassorted diamonds in any special zone notified by the Central
Government.
 178

Problems:
1. Examine the tax implications of the following transactions for the A.Y.2022-23:

Government of India has appointed Mr.Rahul as an ambassador in Japan. He received salary of

Rs.7,50,000 and allowances of Rs.2,40,000 during the previous year 2021-22 for rendering his
services in Japan. He is an Indian Citizen having status of non-resident in India for the previous
year 2021-22.

Ms.Juhi, a non-resident in India is engaged in operations which are confined to purchase of goods
in India for the purpose of export. She has earned Rs.2,50,000 during the previous year 2021-22.
Examine the tax implication.

Mr.James, a NRI, borrowed Rs.10,00,000 on 01.04.2021 from Mr.Akash who is also a non-resident
and invested such money in the debentures of an Indian Company. Mr.Akash has received interest
@ 12% per annum.

Mr.Naveen, a non-resident in India, has earned Rs.3,00,000 as royalty for a patent right made
available to Mr.Rakesh who is also a non-resident. Mr.Rakesh has utilized patent rights for
development of a product in India and 50% royalty is received in Indian and 50% outside India.

Answer:
Salary paid by GOI to an Mr.Rahul, an Indian citizen (non-resident), for rendering services
outside India is deemed to accrue or arise in India. Hence, taxable in the hands of Mr.Rahul.
However, allowances and perquisites paid/provided by the GOI is fully exempt from tax
u.s.10(7).

Not taxable: In case of a non-resident, NO income shall be deemed to accrue or arise in India to
her through or from operations which are confined to the purchase of goods in India for the
purpose of export. Hence, Rs.2,50,000 earned during the previous year 2021-22 shall not be
taxable in the hands of Ms.Juhi as it is NOT deemed to accrue or arise in India.

Not taxable, since interest payable by a non-resident to another non-resident would be deemed
to accrue or arise in India only if the borrowed fund is used for the purposes of business or
profession carried on by him in India. In this case, it is used for investing in debentures of
Indian company for earning interest and not for the purposes of business or profession. Hence,
it is not taxable in India.

Taxable: Royalty received by a non-resident from a non-resident is deemed to accrue or arise

in India if the patents are utilized for the purpose of carrying on business in India. Mr.Rakesh
has utilized patent rights for development of a product in India, hence, it is deemed to accrue or
arise in India, hence taxable in the hands of Mr.Naveen (a non-resident).

2. Discuss the taxability of the following items in the hands of different persons briefly explaining the
applicable provisions of the Income-tax Act:

Mr.J, a non-resident is having a plot of land in Chennai. He sells this plot to another non-resident
outside India. The consideration is received outside India in foreign currency.

Mr.A is having a house property in India. The property is let out by him to a foreign company. The
rent agreement is entered outside India. Monthly rent is also received outside India.
 179

Government of Rajasthan has borrowed money from ABC Express Bank, a foreign bank. The
interest payable to ABC Express bank is remitted outside India.

Mr.B, a citizen of India, is appointed by Reliable Industries Ltd. in their Dubai Branch. Mr.B is a
non-resident and receives salary outside India.

Answer:
Capital asset is located in India. Income is deemed to accrue or arise in India. Hence, taxable in
the hands of Mr.J.

House property is located in India. Hence, income is deemed to accrue or arise in India. Hence
taxable in the hands of Mr.A.

Interest paid by Government of Rajasthan on money borrowed from ABC Express Bank, is
deemed to accrue or arise from India. Hence, it is taxable in the hands of ABC Express Bank.

Services are rendered outside India and salary is also received outside India. Not deemed to
accrue or arise in India, hence not taxable in the hands of a non-resident.

3. Mr.Thomas, a non-resident and citizen of Japan entered into following transactions during the
previous year ended 31.03.2022. Examine the tax implications in the hands of Mr.Thomas for the
AY 2022-23 as per Income-tax Act, 1961. (Give brief reasoning)

(a) Interest received from Mr.Marshal, a non-resident outside India (the borrowed fund is used
by Mr.Marshal for investing in Indian company's debt fund for earning interest).

(b) Received Rs.10 lakhs in Japan from a business enterprise in India for granting license for
computer software (not hardware specific).

(c) He is also engaged in the business of running news agency and earned income of Rs.10
lakhs from collection of news and views in India for transmission outside India.

(d) He entered into an agreement with SKK & Co., a partnership firm for transfer of technical
documents and design and for providing services relating thereto, to set up a Denim Jeans
manufacturing plant, in Surat (India). He charged Rs.10 lakhs for these services from SKK
& Co.

Answer:

Not taxable, since interest payable by a non-resident to another non-resident would be deemed
to accrue or arise in India only if the borrowed fund is used for the purposes of business or
profession carried on by him in India. In this case, it is used for investing in Indian company’s
debt fund for earning interest and not for the purposes of business or profession. Hence, it is
not taxable in India.

Taxable: Consideration received for grant of license for computer software is Royalty. Hence,
the amount of Rs.10 lakhs payable by a resident (business enterprise in India) for grant of
license for computer software would be royalty which is deemed to accrue or arise in India in
the hands of Mr.Thomas, a non-resident, since it is for the purpose of business in India. Hence,
the royalty received is taxable in India in the hands of Mr.Thomas.
 180

Not taxable: No income shall be deemed to accrue or arise in India to Mr.Thomas through or
from activities which are confined to the collection of news and views in India for transmission
out of India. Hence, Rs.10 lakhs is not taxable in India in the hands of Mr.Thomas.

Taxable: Fees for technical services paid for services utilized in India. Deemed to accrue or
arise in India. Hence, it is taxable in the hands of Mr.Thomas.

4. Discuss whether the following incomes are taxable or not in India:—

1. A non-resident purchases goods from India and sells these goods abroad.

2. A non-resident is engaged in the business of publication of a magazine from Canada. Some

of the news published in the magazine are collected from India.

3. X Ltd., a non-resident foreign company, is engaged in the business of shooting a

cinematograph film in India. The film after its completion is sold to another non-resident
outside India. None of shareholders of X Ltd. is an Indian citizen or resident in India.

4. A non-resident owns a commercial building in Bombay which is transferred to another

non-resident outside India. The consideration is payable in a foreign currency outside
India.

5. A non-resident owns a residential house in Delhi which is given on rent to a foreign

embassy. Rent is, however, payable outside India in a foreign currency.

6. Interest on loan is paid by the Government of India to a non-resident outside India.

7. Y Ltd., a non-resident, gets royalty from Z Ltd., a non-resident, outside India. Royalty is,
however, payable by Z Ltd. in relation to a business of manufacturing carried on by it in
India.

8. A Ltd., a non-resident, gets interest from B Ltd., an Indian company, outside India. The
capital was borrowed by B Ltd. for the purpose of a business carried on by it outside India.

9. C, a non-resident Indian, is presently appointed by the Government of India in its embassy

at Saudi Arabia. Salary for rendering service is paid to him in a foreign currency outside
India.

10. D, a non-resident Indian, is presently appointed by an Indian company in its foreign branch
at Sudan. Salary is paid to him outside India in a foreign currency.

Answers:
1. Not taxable Not deemed to accrue or arise in India
2. Not taxable Not deemed to accrue or arise in India
3. Not taxable Not deemed to accrue or arise in India
4. Taxable Deemed to accrue or arise in India
5. Taxable Deemed to accrue or arise in India
6. Taxable Deemed to accrue or arise in India
7. Taxable Deemed to accrue or arise in India
8. Not taxable Not deemed to accrue or arise in India
9. Taxable Deemed to accrue or arise in India
10. Not taxable Not deemed to accrue or arise in India
 181

CHAPTER – 19: TOTAL INCOME & TAX LIABILITY

1. Mr.Shivansh, a resident and ordinarily resident, age 61 years, is engaged in the business of
manufacturing of motor parts. He is subject to tax audit under section 44AB of Income Tax
Act, 1961. He has provided following information:

Profit & Loss account for the year ended 31st March, 2022

To Administrative expenses 4,30,000 By Gross Profit 58,30,000

To Salaries & wages 20,00,000 By Profit on sale of asset of
To Interest on loans 7,50,000 scientific research 2,00,000
To Depreciation 6,17,000 By Winning from lottery 31,500
To Professional fees 2,70,000 (net of tds @ 30%)
To Rent, rates & tax 2,80,000
To Travelling & conveyance 1,40,000
To Net Profit 15,74,500

Explanatory information:
Opening and closing stock of finished goods were undervalued by 10%. Opening stock of
Rs.4,50,000 and Closing stock of Rs.5,58,000 was shown.

Salaries & wages include following items:

(a) Contributed 20% of basic salary to National Pension Scheme referred to section
80CCD regarding salary paid to an employee Mr.Ganesh who has withdrawn basic
salary of Rs.3,00,000 and DA is 40% of basic. 50% of DA forms part of salary.

(b) Some of the employees opted for retirement under the voluntary retirement
scheme; a sum of Rs.2,40,000 was paid to them on 1st January, 2022.

Interest on loan includes interest paid @ 15% p.a. on loan of Rs.12,00,000 which was taken
from SBI on 01.05.2021 for purchase of new electric car of Rs.15,00,000. The car is used
for personal purpose.

Depreciation allowable as per Income Tax Rules, 1962 is Rs.4,50,000 but during the
calculation of such depreciation following addition was not considered:
Motor car purchased for Rs.3,00,000 for supply of finished goods to dealers on 25.08.2021.

An asset was purchased for Rs.6,00,000 on 17.11.2020 for conducting scientific research
and the deduction was claimed under section 35 of the Income-tax Act, 1961. This asset
was sold on 05.09.2021 for a consideration of Rs.8,00,000.
 182

Other Information:
A plot of industrial land which was used by Mr.Shivansh for business purpose for last 10
years was compulsorily acquired by Central Government on 07.05.2021. The
compensation of Rs.12,50,000 was received on 27.02.2022. Such property was purchased
by him on 08.08.2005 for Rs.2,34,000. He has purchased another plot of industrial land on
21.04.2022 for Rs.6,00,000. Government has also paid Rs.54,000 as interest on such
compensation on 28.03.2022. Cost Inflation Indices: FY 2021-22: 317, FY 2005-06: 117.

Compute total income and tax liability of Mr.Shivansh for AY 2022-23 assuming that
he has not opted provisions of section 115BAC. Ignore Provisions relating to AMT.

2. Ms.Aanchal aged 40 years is an advocate (Taxation). She keeps her books of accounts on
cash basis. Her profit & loss account for the year ended on March 31, 2022 is as follows:

Profit and Loss Account for the year ending March 31, 2022

Staff Salary 20,10,000 Fees earned from:

Rent 9,00,000 Taxation services 20,00,000
Administrative expenses 6,50,000 Appeals 15,00,000
Incentive to office staff 2,00,000 Consultancy 15,00,000 50,00,000
Meetings, Seminars
and conferences 1,70,000 Dividend from an Indian
Purchase of car (for company (gross) on 01.07.2021 11,00,000
official use) on 01.07.2021 3,00,000 Interest on deposit certificates
Repairs, Maintenance and issued under gold monetization
petrol of car 35,000 scheme, 2015 25,000
Travelling expenses 5,00,000 Gifts 1,00,000
Municipal tax paid in Honorarium received for
respect of HP 9,000 valuation of answer papers 50,000
Net Profit 15,91,000 Rent received (HP) 90,000

Other information:
Gifts represent fair market value of an ‘iPhone 12 pro', which was given by one of her
clients for successful presentation of case in the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal.

Administrative expenses include Rs.50,000 paid to a tax consultant in cash for assisting Ms.
Aanchal in one of the professional assignments.

The traveling expenses include expenditure incurred on foreign professional tour of Rs.
50,000 which was within the RBI norms.

Ms.Aanchal paid medical insurance premium for her parents (senior citizens and not
dependent on her) online amounting Rs.47,000. She also paid Rs.8,500 by cash towards
preventive herself and her spouse.
 183

Repairs and maintenance of car include Rs.25,000 for the period from 1.10.2021 to
30.09.2022.

She has paid Rs.1,00,000 towards advance tax during the P.Y. 2021-22.

Compute Total Income and Net Tax Payable as per the most beneficial taxation
scheme for Ms.Aanchal for the A.Y. 2022-23.

3. Mr.Arun is working as a Senior Manager in ABCD Bank, a listed commercial bank, in Delhi
since January 2006. Following are the details of his income for the previous year 2021-22:

House rent allowance Rs.15,000 p.m.

Basic Salary Rs.20,000 p.m.
Dearness Allowance Rs.5,000 p.m.
(50% forms part of retirement benefits)

Bank paid Rs.5,000 p.a. as premium on personal accident insurance policy taken for Mr.
Arun. The bank also allotted 2000 sweat equity shares to Mr.Arun in May 2021 @ Rs.1,300
per share. The fmv of the share was Rs.1,500 on the date of exercise of option by Mr.Arun.
He sold all the shares for Rs.2,100 on 31.03.2022 on registered stock exchange. Assume
securities transaction tax has been paid.

He transferred Rs.50,000 p.m. as rent, to the bank account of his mother, Mrs.Nirmal, who
owned the house (municipal valuation Rs.2 lakh) in which he stayed at Delhi. He also owns
a house property at Kanpur, whose municipal valuation is Rs.2,60,000 p.a. The fair rent is
Rs.2,20,000 p.a. and the standard rent fixed by the Rent Control Act is Rs.2,40,000 p.a. The
property was let out for a rent of Rs.22,000 p.m. throughout the previous year. He also
paid municipal taxes @ 10% of MV. of the house at Kanpur during the previous year.

He has a son Aditya, aged 12 years having PAN, who is earning interest on a fixed deposit
created by his late grandfather (Mr.Arun's father) in his name. Gross interest credited by
the bank during the year amounted to Rs.43,750.

He received the following gifts from his friends and relatives during the P.Y. 2021-22:
1. Gold chain from friend worth Rs.70,000
2. LED TV set from colleagues on completing 15 years in Bank Rs.1,00,000
3. Rs.51,000 in cash from married sister of wife.

Compute Mr.Arun's total income and the gross tax liability for the A.Y. 2022-23 in a
manner most beneficial to him.
 184

4. Mr.Krishna (aged 65 years), a furniture manufacturer, reported a profit of Rs.5,64,44,700

for the previous year 2021-22 after debiting/crediting the following items:

Debits:
• Rs.20,000 paid to a Gurudwara registered u/s.80 G of the Income-tax Act, in cash
where no cheques are accepted.

• Rs.48,000 contributed to a university approved and notified u/s.35(1)(ii) to be used

for scientific research.

• Interest paid Rs.1,67,000 on loan taken for purchase of E-vehicle on 15.05.2021

from a bank. The E-vehicle was purchased for the personal use of his wife.

• His firm has purchased timber under a forest lease of Rs.20,00,000 for the purpose
of business.

Credits:
• Income of Rs.4,00,000 from royalty on patent registered under the Patent Act
received from different resident clients. No TDS was needed to be deducted by any
of the clients.

• He received Rs.3,00,000 from a debtor which was written off as bad in the year
2017-18. Amount due from the debtor (which was written off as bad) was Rs.
5,00,000, out of which tax officer had only allowed Rs.3,00,000 as deduction in
computing the total income for assessment year 2018-19.

• He sold some furniture to his brother for Rs.7,00,000. The fair market value of such
furniture was Rs.9,00,000.

Other information:
▪ Depreciation in books of accounts is computed by applying the rates prescribed
under the Income tax laws.

▪ Mr.Krishna purchased a new car of Rs.12,00,000 on 1st September, 2021 and the
same was put to use in the business on the same day. No depreciation for the same
has been taken on car in the books of account.

▪ Mr.Krishna had sold a house on 30 th March, 2019 and deposited the long term
capital gains of Rs.25,00,000 in capital gain account scheme by the due date of filing
return of income for that year. On 1st March, 2022, he sold another house property
in which he resided for Rs.1 crore. He earned a long term capital gain of Rs.
50,00,000 on sale of this property. On 25th March, 2022, he withdrew money out of
his capital gain account and invested Rs.1 crore on construction of one house.
 185

▪ Mr.Krishna also made the following payments during the previous year 2021-22
Lump-sum premium of Rs.30,000 paid on 30th March, 2022, for the medical policy
taken for self and spouse. The policy shall be effective for five years i.e. from 30 th
March, 2022 to 29th March, 2027.

▪ Rs.8,000 paid in cash for preventive health check-up of self and spouse.

Compute total income and tax payable by Mr.Krishna for assessment year 2022-23.

5. Given below are the details provided to you by Mr.Rayan, a resident individual aged 54
years, engaged in the manufacture of specified article, in respect of his income earned
during the year 2021-22:

i. Net profit from business Rs.75,21,000 (as per profit and loss account)

ii. On 1.4.2021, Mr.Rayan took Plant and machinery on hire purchase and put that to
use on the same day. Cost of the asset was Rs.12,00,000 which was to be payable in
24 equal monthly installments of Rs.50,000 each. Date of payment of first
installment was 31.7.2021. It is decided between the parties that, out of the
monthly payment of installments, Rayan will pay Rs.45,000 through account payee
cheque and balance Rs.5,000 in cash. The instalments are paid on the last day of
each month.

iii. During the year Mr.Rayan purchased one more plant and machinery for Rs.55 lakhs
for which he took loan from a scheduled hank. (Date of loan 1.4.2021 and rate of
interest 11% p.a.). The asset was acquired on 1.5.2021 and put to use on 1.9.2021.
Interest amount is debited to P/L A/c.

iv. On 1.4.2021, the production manager working in the factory of Mr.Rayan took
voluntary retirement from the services. Mr.Rayan paid him Rs.9,00,000 as
compensation for his services under the Voluntary Retirement Scheme. This
amount has been debited to the profit and loss account under salary head.

v. As per the agreement between Rayan and Mr.Das (Chief Executive Officer), apart
from salary, Mr.Das will also be eligible for a share of profit @ 5% of net profit as
per books of account. He was paid salary of Rs.14,25,000 and bonus of Rs.3,76,050
during the year, which is debited to the profit and loss account under the salary
head.

vi. WDV (as per Income-tax Act) of different assets as on 1.4.2021.

Plant and machinery Rs.9,00,000; Factory Building Rs.5,45,000
Depreciation debited to profit and loss account Rs.17,50,000

vii. He received Rs.14,850 as Income-tax refund out of which Rs.4,850 is interest on

refund. The entire amount is credited to profit and loss account.
 186

viii. He paid Rs.50,000 as life insurance premium taken on the life of his father who is
dependent on him. The sum assured is Rs.80,00,000 and the policy was taken on
1.4.2017.

ix. He also paid Rs.45,000 as life insurance premium taken on the life of his married
daughter who is not dependent on him. The sum assured is Rs.5,00,000 and the
policy was taken on 1.4.2017.

x. On 1.10.2021, he withdrew Rs.2 crores in cash from two current accounts

maintained by him with SGT Bank of India. There are no other withdrawals during
the year.

You are required to compute the total income of Mr.Rayan and also the tax payable
by him for the A.Y. 2022-23.

6. Mr.Ashish, a resident individual, aged 43 years, provides professional services in the field
of interior decoration. His Income & Expenditure A/c for the year ended 31st March, 2022
is as under:

Expenditure Rs. Income Rs.

To Employees’ Remuneration 13,66,000 By Consultancy Charges 58,80,000
To Administrative Exp. 3,14,000 By Interest on PPF Account 60,000
To General Expenses 75,000 By Int on savings bank a/c 20,000
To Electricity Expenses 65,000 By Interest on NSC VIII Issue 21,000
To Medical Expenses 80,000
To Purchase of Furniture 48,000
To Depreciation 90,000
To Net Income 39,43,000

The following other information relates to financial year 2021-22:

The expenses on Employees' Remuneration includes:

(a) Family Planning expenditure of Rs.20,000 incurred for the employees which was
revenue in nature. The same was paid through account payee cheque.

(b) Payment of salary of Rs.25,000 p.m. to sister-in-law of Mr.Ashish, who was in-charge
of the Accounts & Receivables department. However, in comparison to similar work
profile, the reasonable salary at market rates is Rs.20,000 p.m.

Amount received by Mr.Ashish as Employees' Contribution to EPF for the month of

February, 2022 – Rs.10,000 was deposited after the due date under the relevant Act
relating to EPF.
 187

Medical Expenses of Rs.80,000 as appearing in the Income & Expenditure was expensed for
the treatment of father of Mr.Ashish. His father was 72 years old and was not covered by
any health insurance policy. The said payment of Rs.80,000 was made through account
payee cheque.

General expenses as appearing in the Income & Expenditure A/c, includes a sum of Rs.
25,000 paid to Ms.Anjaleen on 5th January, 2022 as commission for securing work from
new clients. This payment was made to her without deduction of tax at source.

Written down value of the depreciable assets as on 1st April, 2021 were as follows:
Professional Books Rs.90,000
Computers Rs.35,000

The new furniture as appearing in the Income & Expenditure A/c was purchased on 31st
August, 2021 and was put to use on the same day. The payment was made as under:
a) Rs.18,000 paid in cash at the time of purchase of new furniture on 31.08.2021
b) Rs.19,000 paid by a/c payee cheque on 05.09.2021 as balance cost of new furniture
and
c) Rs.11,000 paid in cash on 31.08.2021 to the transporter as freight charges for the
new furniture.

Mr.Ashish purchased a car on 02.04.2020 for Rs.3,35,000 for personal use. However on
30.04.2021 he brought the said car for use in his profession. The fair market value of the
car as on 30.04.2021 was Rs.2,50,000.

Mr.Ashish made a contribution of Rs.1,00,000 in his PPF A/c on 31.01.2022.

The Gross Professional Receipts of Mr.Ashish for P.Y. 2020-21 was Rs.52,00,000.

Compute the total income and tax liability of Mr.Ashish for A.Y. 2022-23, assuming that he
has not opted for payment of tax under section 115BAC.

Ignore provisions relating to AMT and under section 14A relating to disallowance of
expenditure incurred in relation to income not includible in total income.
 188

7. From the following particulars furnished by Mr.Ganesh, aged 58 years, a resident Indian for
the previous year ended 31.03.2022, you are requested to compute his total income and tax
liability under normal as well as special provisions (AMT), if any, applicable to him for the
Assessment Year 2022-23.

i. He occupies ground floor of his residential building and has let out first floor for
residential use at an annual rent of Rs.2,28,000. He has paid municipal taxes of Rs.
60,000 for the current financial year.

ii. He owns an industrial undertaking established in a SEZ and which had commenced
operation during the financial year 2019-20. Total turnover of the undertaking was
Rs.200 lakhs, which includes Rs.140 lakhs from export turnover. This industrial
undertaking fulfills all the conditions of section 10AA of the Income-tax Act, 1961.
Profit from this industry is Rs.25 lakhs.

iii. He received royalty of Rs.2,88,000 from abroad for a book authored by him on the
nature of artistic. The rate of royalty is 18% of value of books and expenditure
made for earning this royalty was Rs.40,000. The amount remitted to India till 30th
September, 2022 is Rs.2,30,000.

iv. Received, 40,000 as interest on saving bank deposits.

v. He also sold his vacant land on 10.11.2021 for Rs.10 lakhs. The stamp duty value of
land at the time of transfer was Rs.15.2 lakhs. The fmv of the land as on 01.04.2001
was Rs.4 lakhs. This land was acquired by him on 05.08.1995 for Rs.1.80 lakhs. He
had incurred registration expenses of Rs.10,000 at that time. CII 2001-02 is 100 and
2021-22 is 317.

vi. He paid the following amounts, out of his taxable income:

(a) Insurance premium of Rs.39,000 paid on life insurance policy of son, who is
not dependent on him.
(b) Insurance premium of Rs.48,000 on policy of his dependent father,
(c) Tuition fees of Rs.42,000 for his three children to a school. The fees being
Rs.14,000 p.a. per child.
 189

8. Ms.Kanchan, a resident individual aged 61 years, provides the following information for the
financial year 2021-22:

i. She is a partner in SAR & Associates and received the following amounts from the firm:
Share of profit from the firm Rs.31,100
Interest on capital @ 15% p.a. Rs.2,85,000
Rent for an office Rs.1,44,000
Salary as working partner (fully allowed in the hands of the firm) Rs.1,20,000

ii. She worked as a sales manager in her friend's show-room for 2 months at a salary of Rs.
35,000 per month.

iii. She started her own boutique on 01.08.2021. The net profit as per Profit & Loss account
for the period of initial 8 months is Rs.3,50,000. The following items are debited to
Profit and Loss account:

Advance Income-tax paid Rs.90,000

Personal drawings Rs.80,000

The following items are credited to P & L A/c.

Interest on savings bank account with PNB Rs.27,000
Interest on savings account with post office Rs.11,000
Interest on Fixed Deposits with Canara Bank Rs.25,000

iv. She owned a house property which was sold in June, 2021 for Rs.91 lakhs. This property
was purchased for Rs.31.5 lakhs in January, 2003. She received Rs.90,000 by way of
arrear rent in respect of the said property in March, 2022.

She made the following investments:

Life insurance premium on a policy in the name of her husband Rs.87,000. (The policy was
taken on 01.07.2012 and the sum assured being Rs.8,00,000).

Health insurance premium on a policy covering her mother aged 83. She is not dependent
on Ms.Kanchan. Premium paid by cheque Rs.54,000.

Cost inflation indices for different years are as under:

Financial Year: 2002-03 2003-04 2021-22
Cost inflation index: 105 109 317

Compute the total income and the tax liability of Ms.Kanchan for the AY. 2022-23.
 190

9. Mr.Jayaprakash, aged about 40 years, is an authorized wholesale distributor of Fertilizers

Ltd. dealing with fertilizers and other agricultural products. Given below is his Trading and
Profit & Loss account for the previous year 2021-22.

Trading and Profit and Loss Account of Mr.Jayaprakash

To Opening stock 24,21,000 By Sales 3,12,50,100

To Purchases 2,28,00,500 By Closing stock 26,00,100
To Direct expenses 4,12,040
To Freight inward 2,92,000
To Gross Profit 79,24,660 --------------

To Salaries and wages 17,12,000 By Gross Profit 79,24,660

To General expenses 3,65,000 By Dividend received 17,20,000
To Rates and taxes 2,20,000 By Interest received on
To Interest paid on late FDs (net of tax) 1,08,000
filing of GST 2,845 By Rent received 7,20,000
To Income-tax paid 3,45,000 By Income-tax refund 18,000
To Interest paid to NBFC 1,20,000
To Depreciation 1,82,000
To Net Profit 75,43,815 ------------

The following additional information is provided by him:

(a) Closing stock of previous year was undervalued by Rs.45,000.

(b) Rates and taxes include Rs.1,000 paid towards late filing of his IT return for
Assessment Year 2021-22 under section 234F of Income-tax Act.

(c) Salaries include Rs.25,000 paid on single day by way of cash to his accountant.

(d) Interest paid on loan of Rs.10,00,000 taken from a Non-Banking Finance company.
Out of the loan, amount of Rs.2 lakhs was used for personal purpose and the balance
was used for business purpose. No TDS was deducted while repaying the loan.

(e) An amount of Rs.45,000 was paid by cheque during the year towards health
insurance policy covering himself, his spouse and his children.

(f) General expenses include Advertisement expense of Rs.20,000 paid by cheque

towards an advertisement in a souvenir published by local political party.

(g) Income-tax refund includes Rs.2,000 towards interest.

 191

(h) Depreciation charged is as per Income-tax Rules, however, it does not include
depreciation on a new Maruti Van purchased on 23 rd September 2021 for his
business use. The cost of the vehicle is Rs.2,10,000.

(i) Advance Tax paid during the year is Rs.15 lakhs. TDS has been deducted on interest
received on FDs as per Income-tax Act.

(j) Turnover for the year ending 31.03.2021 was Rs.3.08 crores.

You are required to compute the tax payable by him for the Assessment Year 2022-23.

10. Mr.Jagdish, aged 61 years, has set-up his business in Thailand and is residing in Thailand
since last 20 years. He owns a house property in Bangkok, half of which is used as his
residence and half is given on rent (such rent received, converted in INR is Rs.6,00,000).
The annual value of the house in Thailand is Rs.50,00,000 i.e., converted value in INR.

He purchased a flat in Pune during F.Y. 2017-18, which has been given on monthly rent of
Rs.27,500 since 01.07.2020. The annual property tax of Pune flat is Rs.40,000 which is paid
by Mr.Jagdish whenever he comes to India. Mr.Jagdish last visited India in July 2020. He
has taken a loan from Union Bank of India for purchase of the Pune flat amounting to
Rs.15,00,000. The interest on such loan for the F.Y. 2021-22 was Rs.84,000. However,
interest for March 2022 quarter has not yet been paid by Mr.Jagdish.

He had a house in Jaipur which was sold in May 2017. In respect of this house he received
arrears of rent of Rs.96,000 in Feb. 2020 (not taxed earlier).

He also derived some other incomes during FY 2021-22 which are as follows:
➢ Profit from business in Thailand Rs.2,75,000
➢ Interest on bonds of a Japanese Co. Rs.45,000 out of which 50% was received in India.

Income from Apple Orchid in Nepal given on contract and the yearly contract fee of
Rs.5,00,000 for FY 2021-22 was deposited directly by the contractor in Kathmandu branch
of Union Bank of India in Mr.Jagdish's bank account maintained with Union Bank of India's
Pune Branch.

Compute the total income of Mr.Jagdish for Assessment Year 2022-23 chargeable to
income tax in India.