INFINITIVE PAST PAST TRANSLATION

(PRESENT) PARTICIPLE
INFINITIVE (PRESENT) PAST PAST TRANSLATION
PARTICIPLE 8TH Group: -STAND / -STOOD / -STOOD

1 Group: ESSENTIAL VERBS

st
STAND (STOODS) STOOD /stʊd/ STOOD /stʊd/ Estar de pie / Soportar
/stænd/
BE (AM-IS-ARE) /bi/ WAS /wʌz/ WERE /wɜr/ BEEN /bɪn/ Ser / Estar UNDERSTAND UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD Entender
DO (DOES) /du/ DID /dɪd/ DONE /dʌn/ Hacer (UNDERSTANDS) /ˌʌndɚˈstʊd/ /ˌʌndɚˈstʊd/
HAVE (HAS) /hæv/ HAD /hæd/ HAD /hæd/ Tener /ˌʌndɚˈstænd/
COME (COMES) /kʌm/ CAME /keɪm/ COME /kʌm/ Venir
GET (GETS) /gɛt/ GOT /gɑt/ GOT /gɑt/ Conseguir / Obtener 9th Group: -EE- / -E- / -E- /
GO (GOES) /goʊ/ WENT /wɛnt/ GONE /gɑn/ Ir
MAKE (MAKES) /meɪk/ MADE /meɪd/ MADE /meɪd/ Hacer/Elaborar BLEED (BLEEDS) /blid/ BLED /ˈblɛd/ BLED /ˈblɛd/ Sangrar
SAY (SAYS) /seɪ/ SAID /sɛd/ SAID /sɛd/ Decir FEED (FEEDS) /fid/ FED /fɛd/ FED /fɛd/ Alimentar/Dar de comer
TELL (TELLS) /tɛl/ TOLD /toʊld/ TOLD /toʊld/ Contar FEEL (FEELS) /fil/ FELT /fɛlt/ FELT /fɛlt/ Sentir
KEEP (KEEPS) /kip/ KEPT /kɛpt/ KEPT /kɛpt/ Mantener / Guardar
2nd Group: PERCEPTION VERBS MEET (MEETS) /mit/ MET /mɛt/ MET /mɛt/ Conocer / Reunirse
SLEEP (SLEEPS) /slip/ SLEPT /slɛpt/ SLEPT /slɛpt/ Dormir
HEAR (HEARS) /hɪr/ HEARD /hɜrd/ HEARD /hɜrd/ Oír SWEEP (SWEEPS) /swip/ SWEPT /swɛpt/ SWEPT /swɛpt/ Barrer
SEE (SEES) /si/ SAW /sɔ/ SEEN /sin/ Ver
SMELL (SMELLS) /smɛl/ SMELT /smɛlt/ SMELT /smɛlt/ Oler 10th Group: -D / -T / -T

BUILD (BUILDS) /bɪld/ BUILT /bɪlt/ BUILT /bɪlt/ Construír

3rd Group: NO CHANGE
LEND (LENDS) /lɛnd/ LENT /lɛnt/ LENT /lɛnt/ Prestar
SEND (SENDS) /sɛnd/ SENT /sɛnt/ SENT /sɛnt/ Enviar
COST (COSTS) /kɑst/ COST /kɑst/ COST /kɑst/ Costar
SPEND (SPENDS) /spɛnd/ SPENT /spɛnt/ SPENT /spɛnt/ Gastar / Pasar (tiempo)
CUT (CUTS) /kʌt/ CUT /kʌt/ CUT /kʌt/ Cortar
HIT (HITS) /hɪt/ HIT /hɪt/ HIT /hɪt/ Golpear
11th Group: -T / -T
HURT (HURTS) /hɜrt/ HURT /hɜrt/ HURT /hɜrt/ Herir / Lastimar
LET (LETS) /lɛt/ LET /lɛt/ LET /lɛt/ Permitir / Dejar
BURN (BURNS) /bɜrn/ BURNT /bɜrnt/ BURNT /bɜrnt/ Quemar
PUT (PUTS) /pʊt/ PUT /pʊt/ PUT /pʊt/ Poner
DREAM (DREAMS) /drim/ DREAMT /drɛmt/ DREAMT /drɛmt/ Soñar
READ* (READS) /rid/ READ* /rɛd/ READ* /rɛd/ Leer
LEARN (LESRNS) /lɜrn/ LEARNT /lɜrnt/ LEARNT /lɜrnt/ Aprender
SHUT (SHUTS) /ʃʌt/ SHUT /ʃʌt/ SHUT /ʃʌt/ Cerrar
LEAVE (LEAVES) /liv/ LEFT /lɛft/ LEFT /lɛft/ Dejar / Salir
LIGHT (LIGHTS) /laɪt/ LIT /lɪt/ LIT /lɪt/ Encender (fuego)
4TH Group: I – E / O – E / I – EN and others
LOSE (LOSES) /luz/ LOST /lɔst/ LOST /lɔst/ Perder
MEAN (MEANS) /min/ MEANT /mɛnt/ MEANT /mɛnt/ Querer decir
BITE (BITES) /baɪt/ BIT* /bɪt/ BITTEN /ˈbɪtən/ Morder / Picar
SHOOT (SHOOTS) /ʃut/ SHOT /ʃɑt/ SHOT /ʃɑt/ Disparar
BREAK (BREAKS)* /breɪk/ BROKE /broʊk/ BROKEN /ˈbroʊkən/ Romper
SIT (SITS) /sɪt/ SAT /sæt/ SAT /sæt/ Sentarse
CHOOSE (chooses)* /tʃuz/ CHOSE /tʃoʊz/ CHOSEN /ˈtʃoʊzən/ Escoger / Elegir
SPELL (SPELLS) /spɛl/ SPELT /spɛlt/ SPELT /spɛlt/ Deletrear
DRIVE (DRIVES) /draɪv/ DROVE /droʊv/ DRIVEN /ˈdrɪvən/ Conducir
EAT (EATS)* /it/ ATE* /eɪt/ EATEN /ˈitən/ Comer
12th Group: MISCELLANEOUS
FALL (FALLS)* /fɔl/ FELL* /fɛl/ FALLEN (fô′lən) Caer
GIVE (GIVES) /gɪv/ GAVE* /geɪv/ GIVEN /ˈgɪvən/ Dar
BECOME (BECOMES) BECAME /bɪ BECOME /bɪ Volverse
FORGET (forgets)* /fɚˈgɛt/ FORGOT* /fɚˈgot′/ FORGOTTEN /fɚˈgot′n/ Olvidar /bɪˈkʌm/ ˈkeɪm/ ˈkʌm/
FORGIVE (forgives) /fɚˈgɪv/ FORGAVE* /fɚˈgeɪv/ FORGIVEN /fɚˈgɪv′n/ Perdonar FIND (FINDS) /faɪnd/ FOUND /faʊnd/ FOUND /faʊnd/ Encontrar
FREEZE (FREEZES)* /friz/ FROZE /froʊz/ FROZEN /ˈfroʊzən/ Congelar HANG (HANGS) /hæŋ/ HUNG /hʌŋ/ HUNG /hʌŋ/ Colgar
HIDE (HIDES) /haɪd/ HID* /hɪd/ HIDDEN /ˈhɪdən/ Esconder HOLD (HOLDS) /hoʊld/ HELD /hɛld/ HELD /hɛld/ Sostener
RIDE (RIDES) /raɪd/ RODE /roʊd/ RIDDEN /ˈrɪdən/ Montar LAY (LAYS) /leɪ/ LAID /leɪd/ LAID /leɪd/ Poner (huevos) encima
RISE (RISES) /raɪz/ ROSE /roʊz/ RISEN /ˈrɪzən/ Elevarse LIE (LIES) /laɪ/ LAY /leɪ/ LAIN /leɪn/ Recostarse
SHAKE (SHAKES)* /ʃeɪk/ SHOOK* /ʃʊk/ SHAKEN /ˈʃeɪkən/ Sacudir / Agitar PAY (PAYS) /peɪ/ PAID /peɪd/ PAID /peɪd/ Pagar
SPEAK (SPEAKS)* /spik/ SPOKE /spoʊk/ SPOKEN /ˈspoʊkən/ Hablar RUN (RUNS) /rʌn/ RAN /ræn/ RUN /rʌn/ Correr / Dirigir
STEAL (STEALS)* /stil/ STOLE /stoʊl/ STOLEN /ˈstoʊlən/ Robar SELL (SELLS) /sɛl/ SOLD /soʊld/ SOLD /soʊld/ Vender
TAKE (TAKES)* /teɪk/ TOOK* /tʊk/ TAKEN /ˈteɪkən/ Tomar / Agarrar / Llevar
SHINE (SHINES) /ʃaɪn/ SHONE /ʃoʊn/ SHONE /ʃoʊn/ Brillar
WAKE (UP) (WAKES)* /weɪk/ WOKE /woʊk/ WOKEN /ˈwoʊkən/ Despertar SHOW (SHOWS) /ʃoʊ/ SHOWED /ʃoʊd/ SHOWN /ʃoʊn/ Mostrar
WRITE (WRITES) /raɪt/ WROTE /roʊt/ WRITTEN /ˈrɪtən/ Escribir WEAR (WEARS) /wɛr/ WORE /wɔr/ WORN /wɔrn/ Llevar puesto/ Usar
WIN (WINS) /wɪn/ WON /wʌn/ WON /wʌn/ Ganar
5th Group: I / U*-A / U
PRESENT SIMPLE
BEGIN (BEGINS) /bɪˈgɪn/ BEGAN /bɪˈgæn/ BEGUN /bɪˈgʌn/ Empezar
DRINK (DRINKS) /drɪŋk/ DRANK /dræŋk/ DRUNK /drʌŋk/ Beber Examples: They play tennis
RING (RINGS) /rɪŋ/ RANG /ræŋ/ RUNG /rʌŋ/ Timbrar They don’t play tennis.
SING (SINGS) /sɪŋ/ SANG /sæŋ/ SUNG /sʌŋ/ Cantar Do they play tennis? Yes, they do / No, they don’t.
SWING (SWINGS) /swɪŋ/ SWUNG* /swʌŋ/ SWUNG /swʌŋ/ Balancearse
SWIM (SWIMS) /swɪm/ SWAM /swæm/ SWUM /swʌm/ Nadar  Affirmative: 3RD person singular adds –S/-ES.
He plays tennis
6 Group: AW-OW / EW / OWN
th
 Negative: Don’t add –s/-es.
He doesn’t play tennis.
BLOW (BLOWS) /bloʊ/ BLEW /blu/ BLOWN /bloʊn/ Soplar / Estallar  Interrogative: Don’t add –s/-es.
DRAW (DRAWS) /drɔ/ DREW /dru/ DRAWN /drɔn/ Dibujar / Atraer Does he play tennis? Yes, he does / No, he doesn’t
FLY* (FLIES) /flaɪ/ FLEW /flu/ FLOWN /floʊn/ Volar
GROW (GROWS) /groʊ/ GREW /gru/ GROWN /groʊn/ Crecer
KNOW (KNOWS) /noʊ/ KNEW /nyu/ KNOWN /noʊn/ Conocer / Saber PAST SIMPLE
THROW (THROWS) /θroʊ/ THREW /θru/ THROWN /θroʊn/ Lanzar / Arrojar
 Regular verbs in the past simple and past participle end in –ed. Example: He played tennis
yesterday.
7th Group: -AUGHT / -OUGHT
 Both Irregular verbs and regular verbs form negatives and questions in the same way: did /
BRING (BRINGS) /brɪŋ/ BROUGHT /brɔt/ BROUGHT /brɔt/ Traer didn’t + infinitivo.
BUY (BUYS) /baɪ/ BOUGHT /bɔt/ BOUGHT /bɔt/ Comprar  Examples: He didn’t go to Benidorm last Sunday.
CATCH (CATCHES) /kætʃ/ CAUGHT /kɔt/ CAUGHT /kɔt/ Agarrar/ Atrapar Did he go to Benidorm last Sunday?
FIGHT /faɪt/ FOUGHT /fɔt/ FOUGHT /fɔt/ Pelear He didn’t play tennis yesterday.
TEACH (TEACHES) /titʃ/ TAUGHT /tɔt/ TAUGHT /tɔt/ Enseñar Did he play tennis yesterday?
THINK (THINKS) /θɪŋk/ THOUGHT /θɔt/ THOUGHT /θɔt/ Pensar
PAST SIMPLE OF TO BE

I WAS / I WASN’T / WAS I? WE WERE / WE WEREN’T / WERE WE?

YOU WERE / YOU WEREN’T / WERE YOU? YOU WERE / YOU WEREN’T / WERE
HE/SHE/IT WAS /WASN’T / WAS HE/SHE/IT? YOU?
THEY WERE / THEY WEREN’T / WERE
THEY?