Unit 4 Review Guide

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Unit 4 Review Guide
Key Terms: Define the following key terms and be able to explain their historical significance. Remember, all chapter
vocabulary terms from the reading guides are also fair game for our tests.
Morrill Act Military Reconstruction Act 13th Amendment 14th Amendment
15th Amendment The Force Acts Kansas-Nebraska Act Compromise of 1850
Bleeding Kansas Dred Scott v. Sandford Stephen Douglas Thaddeus Stevens
Charles Sumner Fugitive Slave Laws Freedmen’s Bureau Ku Klux Klan
Carpetbagger Scalawag U.S. v. Cruikshank Slaughterhouse Cases
Fort Sumter Battle of Bull Run Battle of Antietam Battle of Gettysburg
Siege of Vicksburg Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse Sherman’s March to the Sea Uncle Tom’s Cabin
The “Gag Rule” John Brown’s Raid at Harper’s Ferry Pottawatomie Massacre Free Soilers
Popular Sovereignty Emancipation Proclamation New York Draft Riots Ulysses S. Grant
Robert E. Lee Frederick Douglass Jefferson Davis Abraham Lincoln
John Bell John C. Breckinridge Copperheads Ostend Manifesto
Know-Nothings The Homestead Act Internal Revenue Act Hiram Revels
Robert Smalls Sharecropping Compromise of 1877 King Cotton Diplomacy
Key Ideas: Answer each of the following questions, which are designed to help you understand major concepts of the
era we have just covered.
Sectional Tension and Compromise
1. What were the goals of the compromises over the expansion of slavery? Why weren’t they successful?
2. How did Northerners and Southerners react to the Compromise of 1850? To the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
3. How did the Dred Scott case affect the relationship between the North and the South?
4. What were the goals of the early Republican Party?
5. Why did Uncle Tom’s Cabin have such a big impact on the relationship between the North and the South?
6. What were the effects of John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry?
7. Why were the presidents of the 1850s so ineffective?
8. Describe the results of the 1860 presidential election.
9. Other than slavery, what were the causes of the American Civil War?
Secession and Civil War
1. Describe the order in which the Southern states seceded from the Union.
2. How did Abraham Lincoln respond to secession?
3. What were the key events of the American Civil War?
4. Who did the Emancipation Proclamation actually free? What was the law’s impact?
5. What were the North and South’s diplomatic strategies during the Civil War?
6. Why did the North win the Civil War? Why did the South lose?
7. Describe the effects of the Civil War on African Americans, civilians, and average soldiers.
8. What non-war-related business did the Union government accomplish during the Civil War?
9. Describe the economic situation in the North and the South after the American Civil War.
Reconstruction
1. Describe the various policies that were proposed for Reconstruction.

2. Describe the policies that were actually implemented during Reconstruction.
3. Describe the conflict between President Andrew Johnson and Radical Republicans in Congress.
4. In what ways did Reconstruction help African Americans and the South?
5. In what ways did Reconstruction harm African Americans and the South?
6. Why did Northern Republicans eventually give up on Reconstruction?
7. How did Reconstruction end?
8. What labor system was put into place to replace slavery? How did it work? What was its impact?
9. How did U.S. Supreme Court decisions affect the outcome of Reconstruction?
10. Who were the Redeemers and how did they change the South?
11. Describe the role of race violence and the Ku Klux Klan in the post-war South.
Free-Response Questions: Your Unit 4 Test will have a full-length free-response question. You will have a choice
between two of the four essay topics below and will write one. Therefore, prepare three of the four essays below to
guarantee that at least one of your choices appears on the test. Make sure you have a clear thesis that responds to all
the components of each prompt and plenty of relevant specific factual information.
1. Analyze the effectiveness of political compromise in reducing sectional tensions in the period from 1820 to 1861.
2. Explain why and how the role of the federal government changed as a result of the Civil War with respect to TWO of
the following during the period 1861-1877:
Race Relations
Economic Development
Executive Power
3. Describe American social values in the decade before the Civil War and analyze the extent to which the Civil War
changed these values with respect to two of the following:
Racial Hierarchy
Gender Hierarchy
American Religion
4. “The Civil War was doubly tragic because it was completely unnecessary. Slavery had been ended in other nations by
the stroke of a pen, and so it could have been in the United States.” Assess the validity of this statement.

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Name __________________________________

Unit 4 Review Guide

Morrill Act Military Reconstruction Act 13th Amendment 14th Amendment

15th Amendment The Force Acts Kansas-Nebraska Act Compromise of 1850

Bleeding Kansas Dred Scott v. Sandford Stephen Douglas Thaddeus Stevens

Charles Sumner Fugitive Slave Laws Freedmen’s Bureau Ku Klux Klan

Carpetbagger Scalawag U.S. v. Cruikshank Slaughterhouse Cases

Fort Sumter Battle of Bull Run Battle of Antietam Battle of Gettysburg

Robert E. Lee Frederick Douglass Jefferson Davis Abraham Lincoln

John Bell John C. Breckinridge Copperheads Ostend Manifesto

Know-Nothings The Homestead Act Internal Revenue Act Hiram Revels

Robert Smalls Sharecropping Compromise of 1877 King Cotton Diplomacy

Sectional Tension and Compromise

Secession and Civil War

1. Describe the various policies that were proposed for Reconstruction.

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