Hpex 357 Midterm Review

Review for Midterm
HPEX 357; Fall 2020

Chapter 1 - 9
Chapter 1: Taking Charge of Your Health
! Wellness: the nine dimensions and behaviors associated with them.

! physical, emotional, intellectual, interpersonal, cultural, spiritual, environmental, financial,
occupational
! The leading causes of death in the US: overall, for young population and the shift in causes of death.
! Unintentional injury, obesity, chronic diseases
! Health promotion in the US: Healthy people initiative 2020
! Importance of health determinants, eliminate preventable disease, health equity, promote healthy
behaviors
! Heath disparities: definition, health disparities by race/ethnicity
! Differences lined with social, econ, environmental disadvantage affecting a group of people
! Behavior change: Stages of Transtheoretical Model; order of steps to create a personalized pan;
SMART goal
! precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance,termination
! Monitor behavior, analyze data and patterns, be SMART, devise plan of action, contract
! Smart - specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, time-frame specific
Chapter 2: Stress: The Constant Challenge
! Stressor and stress response: The definitions and examples and differences.
! Stressor - physical or psychological event or condition that produces reaction
! Stress response - physical and emotional reaction to a stressor
! Physical response to stress: two systems responsible; functions of autonomic nervous system; physiological
changes in response to stress (fight-or-flight reaction).
!Autonomic - parasympathetic and sympathetic
! Homeostasis: definition. - normal workings, housekeeping functions
! State of balance stability consistency in physiological function
! Psychological responses to stress: determined by what? Types of coping techniques.
! Det by personality and temperament, culture, experience
! Coping -
! General adaptation syndrome: Stages. Difference between eustress and distress with example.
! Alarm stage, resistance stage, exhaustion stage (people vulnerable to disease)
! Eustress
! Distress
! Common sources of stress and ways to manage stress.
Chapter 3: Psychological Health
! Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: know the order.

! physiological, safety, love and belonging, self-esteem, self-actualization
! Psychological defense mechanisms: definition of repression, projection, rationalization, displacement.
! Meeting life’s challenge: self-esteem, self-concept, & assertiveness.

! Esteem - regarding self and identity as good, competent, worthy of love
! Self-concept - stable, integrated from things, experiences and feeling loved
! Expression forceful but not hostile
! Psychological disorders: know the names of the common disorders; Depression: role of neurotransmitter & treatment;
Obsessive-compulsive disorder: definition & example; Generalized anxiety disorder: definition; Schizophrenia: characteristics and
risk.
! OCD - example: repetitive thought and repetitive action
! Suicide: signs that a person may be suicidal
! Treatment of psychological disorder: know the names of the models of human nature on which therapies are based on.
! Biological
! Behavioral
! Psychodynamic
! Cognitive
Chapter 4: Sleep
➢ Sleep stages and cycle
➢ NREM 1, 2, 3, REM
➢ Repeated 4 to 5 times
➢ Natural sleep drives: definitions, hormone/chemicals related with two sleep drives.
➢ Homeostatic drive - drive to sleep that builds the longer you are awake; adenosine
➢ Circadian rhythm - SCN, internal clock, we encounter zeitgebers the influence and reset the master clock,
melatonin in SCN
➢ Sleep’s relation to health - sleep affects all systems, consciousness changes, things slow down and drop
➢ The public health impact of sleep deprivation
➢ Car accidents
➢ Healthy sleep program: sleep disruptors types with examples
➢ Physicals disruptor
➢ Environmental disruptor - light, activity, exercise, eating - zeitgeber
➢ Sleep disorders: common sleep disorders, sleep apnea: definition & associated risk.
➢ Insomnia
➢ Restless leg
➢ Sleep apnea - definition and risk: hypertension most common, heart attack
➢ Narcolepsy
Chapter 5: Intimate Relationships and
! Gender role: definition.
Communication
- everything you do in daily life like dress, speech, mannerisms, that expresses your gender, intertwined with sexual
orientation
! Love: Sternberg’s triangular theory, elements of long-lasting enduring love.
! commitment, passion, intimacy
! Intimacy - attachment and bond, commitment - long term plans and goals, and passion - attraction
! Challenges in relationship
! Honesty
! Emotional intelligence
! Unrealistic expectation
! Competition
! Unequal commitment
! Time together and apart
! Jealousy
! Supportiveness
! Communication: skills and conflict resolution skills
! Nonverbal
! Digital
! Self-disclosure, listening, feedback, conflict resolution - clarify, find out what everyone wants, how to both get what we want,
negotiate, solidify
! Sexual orientation: definition; queer relationships
! Feelings of self-concept, may not express in behavior; queer - seLf-idenfitier for those who don’t identify with conventional
genders
! Happy marriage: best predictors.
! Realistic expectations, feels good about personality of other, develop friendships with others, communicate well, effective
way to resolve conflict, agree on religious/ethical values, egalitarian role, balance of individual vs joint interests
! Divorce: most common: high expectations; second reason - lack of belief in permanence of marriage;
! Parenting styles: four styles.
! authoritation, authoritarian, permissive, uninvolved
! Successful families: seven major qualities. - commitment, appreciation, communication, time together, spiritual wellness, stress
management, affectionate physical contact
Chapter 6: Sexuality, Pregnancy, and
Childbirth
! Sex hormones: names and where they are secreted from.
! Testes - androgens, ovaries - estrogens and progestogens, - small amp testosterone, adrenal - sex hormones in all people
! Abnormalities in sex chromosomes: Klinefelter syndrome & Turner syndrome XXY, XO
! Menstrual cycle: four phases
! Menses - blood levels of hormones from ovaries and pituitary slow
! Estrogenic phase - menses ceases, FSH and LH increase, endometrium thickens
! Ovulation - estradiol surges from follicle, LH and FSH burst - transformed into corpus luteum
! Pro gestational phase - high progesterone - hCG high
! Sexual dysfunctions in male and female: common ones.
! Male - ED, delayed or premature ejaculation
! Female - lack of desire, orgasm dysfunction
! Conception: know the difference between germ cell - sperm and ova, zygote, blastocyst (implants on uterine wall), embryo (end of
2 weeks, outer layer of cells and inner layer), and fetus (brain starts sending signals to other organs); function of placenta.
! Twins: know the difference between fraternal and identical twins
! Fetal abnormalities: definition of teratogens; characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome - small head, small body, congenital heart
defects, defective joints, mental impairment, impaired vision, abnormal behavior
! Complications of pregnancy: name of the common ones.
! ectopic, premature birth, low birth weight
! Preeclampsia, gestational diabetes
! Miscarriage
Chapter 7: Contraception and Abortion
! Contraceptive methods: types and how they work.

! Barrier method
! Hormonal method - ova and sperm slow, can’t unite; chemical changes in mucus membrane, too thick for sperm
! IUD
! Natural method - ovulation, withdrawal
! Permanent method - surgical
! Long acting and short acting reversible contraception methods: names.
! types: long acting reversible, short acting reversible
! pill, patch, ring - short acting
! Injectable - short acting
! Male condom, female, diaphragm, cap, sponge - barrier
! Long acting - take once and good for whole year
! Oral contraceptives: know the advantages and disadvantages, know the danger signs (ACHES); differences with contraceptive patches.
! Condoms: know the advantages and disadvantages
! Emergency and permanent contraception methods: names.
! Plan B
! Abortion: history (Roe v Wade), statistics (change in abortion rate), indicators, advantages and disadvantages of medical abortion, and most
common cause of spontaneous abortion.
Chapter 8: Drug Use and Addiction
! Addictive behaviors: definition and examples

! Habits out of control, negative effects on health
! Gambling, substance misuse
! Substance misuse and addiction: differences
! Misuse - use inconsistent with medical or legal gudelines; ex taking prescribed painkillers to get high - misuse
! Addiction - excessive behavior or done to provide pleasure, avoid pain- reinforcement
! Tolerance and withdrawal: definitions
! Tolerance - low sensitivity to a drug or substance so the dose no longer exerts the usual effect and larger doses are needed
! Withdrawal - unpleasant symptoms when you stop using
! Drug misuse: risk factors
! Brain chemistry, substitute for health coping strategies, male, troubled childhood, thrill-seeker, dysfunctional family, peer group, poor, girl
dating older boy
! intoxication, unexpected side effects, infection and injection drug use, legal
! Drug-effects on body: associated factors
! Pharmacological properties, dose-response, time-action, drug hisotry, method of use - ingestion, inhalation, injection, absorption
! Psychoactive drugs: groups
! Opioids, CNS depressants, CNS stimulants, marijuana, hallucinogens, inhalants
! Cocaine: negative effects on body
! Sudden death, respiratory collapse, high blood pressure, fetal problems
! Amphetamine: state dependence
! Info learned in a drug-induced state makes info difficult to recall when drug wears off - can result in paranoid psychosis
! Hallucinogen: how it works; effects of LSD
! Pharmacological effects - alter user’s perception, feelings, thoughts
! synesthesia, altered sense of time, visual disturbances, improved hearing, mood changes, distortion of body
! Treating drug addiction: how methadone works
! Methadone prevents withdrawal, reduces craving for heroine - can help you function normally
Chapter 9: Alcohol and Tobacco
! Alcohol
▪ Factors that affect blood alcohol concentration (BAC)
▪ Body weight
▪ Percentage body fat

▪ Sex
▪ Metabolism of liver
▪ Immediate effects of alcohol
Low concentration - relaxed and jovial, mild euphoria, sociable

▪
High concentration - interference with motor movement, verbal, intellectual functions

▪
▪ hangover, poisoning, use with other drugs, injury and violence, aggression, decision making
▪ Consequences of alcohol use during pregnancy
▪ ARND, damage brain, spontaneous abortion or miscarriage

▪ Warning signs of alcohol use disorder
▪ Large amount over large period
▪ Efforts to control unsuccessful
▪ Excessive time recovering
▪ Strong desire to use
▪ Use despite problems
▪ Reduced important activities
▪ Persist in using during risky times
▪ Continue event hought you know it can worsen your problems
▪ Tolerance and increased withdrawal symptoms
▪ Gender differences in alcoholism - men more likely to drink, misuse, have use disorder; may be alcoholic with retirement, loss of friends,
boredom, illness, psychological disorders
▪ Women tend to be alcoholic at later ages, fewer years of heavy drinking
! Tobacco
▪ Why people use tobacco - many reasons, usually long term after being addicted to nicotine
▪ Health hazards of tobacco use (immediate and long term) - triggers norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, stimulant, mild sedative, milder
mood, loss of control
▪ Most common cause of death from tobacco use - CHD coronary heart disease
▪ E-cigarettes: the truth - carcinogens, formaldehyde, nanoparticles causing breathing problems, no proof its a smoking cessation product
Good Luck on Midterm 
 

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Review for Midterm

HPEX 357; Fall 2020

! Wellness: the nine dimensions and behaviors associated with them.

! Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: know the order.

! Meeting life’s challenge: self-esteem, self-concept, & assertiveness.

! Contraceptive methods: types and how they work.

! Addictive behaviors: definition and examples

▪ Percentage body fat

Low concentration - relaxed and jovial, mild euphoria, sociable

High concentration - interference with motor movement, verbal, intellectual functions

▪ ARND, damage brain, spontaneous abortion or miscarriage

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