Cambridge IGCSE™

* 7 5 8 4 0 0 0 1 5 6 *

CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/32

Paper 3 Theory (Core) February/March 2023

2 hours

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 120.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
● The Periodic Table is printed in the question paper.

This document has 24 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (CE/CB) 312401/2
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1 (a) Fig. 1.1 is a diagram of the circulatory system in humans.

lungs

liver

D
intestines
B

kidneys

C
other organs

Fig. 1.1

(i) State the name of the blood vessels labelled A and C in Fig. 1.1.

A ........................................................................................................................................

C ........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Identify blood vessels B, D, and E in Fig. 1.1 as either an artery or a vein.

B ........................................................................................................................................

D ........................................................................................................................................

E ........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(iii) State the name of the structures in the circulatory system that ensure one-way flow of
blood.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) State the name of the part that separates the left side of the heart from the right side.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(b) The boxes on the left show the names of three types of blood vessel.
The boxes on the right show the average thickness of the wall of each type of blood vessel.

Draw lines to link each blood vessel with the average thickness of their walls.

blood vessel average thickness of wall

artery 0.0005 mm

capillary 0.5 mm

vein 1 mm

[2]

(c) Describe the function of capillaries.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) State the names of two main components of blood.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 11]

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2 (a) The list gives the names of seven elements.

aluminium carbon copper chlorine

helium phosphorus sulfur

State which of the elements in the list:

(i) forms diamond and graphite ....................................................................................... [1]

(ii) is a halogen ................................................................................................................. [1]

(iii) is electroplated onto another metal ............................................................................. [1]

(iv) is extracted from bauxite ............................................................................................. [1]

(v) is used in the manufacture of sulfuric acid .................................................................. [1]

(vi) is used to sterilise drinking water ................................................................................ [1]

(b) The formula of phosphorus oxide is P4O10.

State the number of atoms of phosphorus and of oxygen contained in one molecule of
phosphorus oxide.

phosphorus ...............................................................................................................................

oxygen ......................................................................................................................................
[1]

(c) Explain why phosphorus oxide makes an acidic solution when it dissolves in water.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) Phosphorus is contained in fertilisers.

State the two other elements commonly found in fertilisers.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 10]

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3 (a) High frequency sound waves are called ultrasound.

An ultrasound wave travels 13.5 cm in 0.000 090 s through water.

Calculate the speed of the ultrasound wave in m / s.

speed = ................................................. m / s [3]

(b) Ultrasound waves are used in hospitals to scan unborn babies.

(i) Suggest a reason why it is not safe to scan unborn babies with X-rays.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State one use for X-rays in a hospital.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) (i) γ-radiation is used in hospitals to kill cancerous cells.

Fig. 3.1 shows an incomplete electromagnetic spectrum.

Write γ-radiation in its correct place.

increasing frequency

X-rays ultraviolet infrared

Fig. 3.1
[1]

(ii) A source of γ-radiation in a hospital is technetium-99.

Technetium-99 has a half-life of 6 hours.

The source contains 1280 undecayed atoms.

Calculate how many atoms will have decayed after 12 hours.

number of decayed atoms = ......................................................... [2]

[Total: 8]

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4 (a) Albinism is a condition in humans where no pigment is made by the skin.

The allele for no albinism is dominant and represented by the letter A.
The allele for albinism is recessive and represented by the letter a.

(i) Table 4.1 shows some genotypes, phenotypes and descriptions of the genotypes for
three people.

Complete Table 4.1.

Table 4.1

person genotype phenotype description of genotype

1 albinism homozygous recessive

2 Aa

3 AA homozygous dominant

[4]

(ii) Person 2 and person 3 have a child together.

Complete the Punnett square diagram in Fig. 4.1 to show the possible genotypes of the
offspring.

person 2 gametes

A a

person 3 A

gametes A

Fig. 4.1
[1]

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(b) Chromosomes carry genetic information.

(i) Complete the definition of the term chromosome.

A chromosome is a thread-like structure of ................................. ,

carrying genetic information in the form of ................................. .

[2]

(ii) State where chromosomes are found in human cells.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) State the sex chromosomes found in male gametes in humans.

.................................... or .................................... [1]

(c) State the name of the male gametes in humans.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) State the name of the organ where male gametes are produced in humans.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 11]

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5 (a) Fig. 5.1 is a chart showing the composition of clean air.

other gases

oxygen

nitrogen

Fig. 5.1 (not to scale)

Use your knowledge of the composition of clean air to determine the percentage of
other gases in clean air.

Show your working.

percentage = ..................................................... % [2]

(b) (i) Argon is one of the other gases in clean air.

Use the Periodic Table on page 24 to determine the electronic structure of an argon
atom.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Use your answer to (b)(i) to explain why argon is very unreactive.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) State one use for argon gas that depends on it being unreactive.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(c) (i) Small quantities of carbon dioxide are found in the air.

State one source of the carbon dioxide found in the air.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Carbon dioxide is a compound formed from the elements carbon and oxygen.

Describe the difference between an element and a compound.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas.

State the name of one other greenhouse gas.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) (i) Water is neutral.

State the pH value of pure water.

pH = ......................................................... [1]

(ii) Carbon dioxide in the air dissolves in rainwater. This causes the rainwater to become
slightly acidic.

Suggest a pH value for this rainwater.

pH = ......................................................... [1]

[Total: 10]

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6 (a) Fig. 6.1 shows an athlete running on a level road.

Four forces A, B, C and D act on the runner.

D B

Fig. 6.1

Force B is the driving force which moves the athlete forward.

State the names of forces C and D.

C ...............................................................................................................................................

D ...............................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Complete the sentence to describe how forces change a body.

Forces may change the direction of motion of a body,

the ............................................................................ of a body

and the ............................................................................ of a body.

[2]

(c) The athlete runs up a hill at constant speed.

Use words or phrases from the list below to complete the sentences about the energy
transfers taking place. Each word or phrase may be used once, more than once or not at all.

chemical potential gravitational potential

kinetic light

Stored ............................................................ energy from food is

transferred to ............................................................ energy as the athlete moves.

As the athlete moves up the hill his store of ............................................................ energy

increases.

The speed of the athlete is constant when moving up the hill, so his

............................................................ energy remains constant.

[2]
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(d) Explain why the athlete’s power output is greater when he runs faster.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(e) A photographer takes a photograph of the athlete using a digital camera with a thin converging
lens as shown in Fig. 6.2.

Two rays of light are shown passing from the head of the athlete to the lens.

ray 1

ray 2
F F

thin image
converging sensor
principal focus = F lens

Fig. 6.2

(i) A focused image of the athlete’s head is formed on the image sensor.

Complete Fig. 6.2 to show how these two rays pass from the lens to form the image on
the sensor. [2]

(ii) On Fig. 6.2, draw a double headed arrow (↔) to show the focal length of the lens. [1]

(iii) Circle two words or phrases that describe the image formed.

diminished enlarged inverted

same size upright

[2]

[Total: 12]

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7 (a) A student investigates the effect of temperature on the rate of transpiration.

Fig. 7.1 shows the apparatus used.

plant shoot

capillary tube

water
ruler air bubble

Fig. 7.1

The student measures the distance the air bubble moves in 22 minutes.

The distance the air bubble moves is used to calculate the rate of transpiration.

The experiment is repeated at three different temperatures.

Table 7.1 shows the results.

Table 7.1

distance the air bubble

temperature
moves in 22 minutes
/ °C
/ mm
4 3
10 7
25 20

(i) Calculate the rate of transpiration at 10 °C.

Give your answer to 1 significant figure.

...................................................................................................................... mm / min [2]

(ii) State one other factor that affects the rate of transpiration.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(iii) Define the term transpiration.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(b) Fig. 7.2 shows the initial pathway of water through a plant.

soil particle soil water xylem vessel

Fig. 7.2

(i) State the names of the cells labelled X and Y in Fig. 7.2.

X ........................................................................................................................................

Y ........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) State the name of the process that causes absorption of water into the plant cells.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 9]

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8 Ethanol has the formula C2H5OH.

(a) State the number of different elements in one molecule of ethanol.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Complete Fig. 8.1 to show the structure of ethanol.

C C

Fig. 8.1
[2]

(c) State two ways of producing ethanol.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(d) Complete the word equation for the complete combustion of ethanol.

ethanol + ................................ ................................ + ................................

[2]

(e) Explain why ethanol is not a hydrocarbon.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(f) Ethanol is used in alcoholic drinks.

State one other use for ethanol.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 9]

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BLANK PAGE

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9 (a) Fig. 9.1 shows two different car tyres.

tyre X tyre Y

Fig. 9.1

A car driver observes that her car sinks into soft ground when she uses tyres X. She changes
the tyres on her car to Y, so that it does not sink into the soft ground.

Explain why tyre Y will cause less pressure to be exerted on the ground than tyre X.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) A thermometer is used to measure the temperature of the air in a tyre.

Fig. 9.2 shows a simple liquid-in-glass thermometer.

–10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 °C

Fig. 9.2

(i) State the name of the temperature scale used in the thermometer in Fig. 9.2.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) The liquid in the thermometer is alcohol.

State the physical property of alcohol that varies with temperature used in this
thermometer.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) State the two physical properties that define the fixed points on this temperature scale.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]

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(c) Fig. 9.3 shows two horizontal forces acting on a car as it moves along a straight road.

550 N 900 N

Fig. 9.3

(i) Calculate the size and direction of the resultant horizontal force on the car.

size of resultant force = .....................................................................................................

direction of resultant force .................................................................................................

[2]

(ii) The driver of the car applies the brakes to slow the car.

Fig. 9.4 shows the force from the driver’s foot on the brake pedal.

pivot 18 cm
40 N

brake pedal

Fig. 9.4

Calculate the moment of the force from the driver’s foot about the pivot.

moment = ................................................ N cm [2]

[Total: 9]

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10 (a) (i) Define the term enzyme.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Fig. 10.1 is a graph showing the activity of enzyme A at different pH values.

enzyme
activity

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
pH

Fig. 10.1

Describe the trend shown in Fig. 10.1.

Use data in your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

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(b) Photosynthesis and respiration are both enzyme-controlled reactions.

The table shows some features of photosynthesis and aerobic respiration.

Place ticks (3) in the boxes to show the correct features of each process.

occurs in releases produces

process
plants carbon dioxide oxygen
photosynthesis
aerobic respiration
[2]

(c) Respiration is one of the characteristics of living organisms.

State three other characteristics of living organisms.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

3 ................................................................................................................................................
[3]

[Total: 9]

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11 (a) State the name given to mixtures made from a metal with other elements.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Iron is an element in Period 4 of the Periodic Table.

State the name of the collection of metals in Period 4 that contains iron.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) Describe the test used to identify iron(II) ions and give the observation for a positive result.

test ............................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

observation ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(d) State the two substances that react with iron to make rust.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(e) An isotope of iron has a proton number of 26 and a nucleon number of 58.

(i) Deduce the number of neutrons and the number of electrons in this isotope of iron.

neutrons = ...............................................................

electrons = ...............................................................
[2]

(ii) State the meaning of the term isotope.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(f) A teacher reacts dilute hydrochloric acid with four metals.

The observations are shown in Table 11.1.

Table 11.1

metal observation
calcium bubbles quickly
iron only a few bubbles
lithium bubbles very quickly
silver no bubbles

Place the four metals in order of their reactivity from the most reactive to the least reactive.

most reactive ............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

least reactive ............................................................................................................................

[2]

[Total: 11]

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12 A room in a house has an electric heater.

(a) Fig. 12.1 shows part of the circuit containing the heater.

240 V
a.c. supply

heater

Fig. 12.1

Complete the circuit diagram in Fig. 12.1 by adding the correct electrical symbol for a fuse.
[1]

(b) When the circuit is switched on, the current in the heater is 3 A and the supply voltage is
240 V.

(i) Calculate the resistance of the heater.

State the unit of your answer.

resistance = ...................................... unit ........... [3]

(ii) The fuse in the circuit needs to be replaced.

Explain why a 5 A fuse is used and not a 3 A fuse.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Fig. 12.2 shows the heater as part of an underfloor heating system.

solid floor

heating cables

Fig. 12.2
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(i) When the heater is switched on, thermal energy passes through the solid floor to heat
the air in the room.

The temperature of the air in the room increases slowly.

State the method of thermal energy transfer through the solid floor.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State the method of thermal energy transfer that heats all the air in the room.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) Some water spills onto the floor and evaporates.

Describe evaporation in terms of the motion of water molecules.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(e) There are solar cells on the roof of the house.

State one advantage and one disadvantage of generating electricity using solar cells. Do not
include the cost.

advantage .................................................................................................................................

disadvantage ............................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 11]

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reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2023 0654/32/F/M/23

 The Periodic Table of Elements
Group

© UCLES 2023
I II III IV V VI VII VIII
1 2

H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
7 9 relative atomic mass 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
24

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131

0654/32/F/M/23
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
lanthanoids
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Fl Lv
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium flerovium livermorium
– – – – – – – – – – – – –

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
lanthanoids La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
actinoids Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).