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    FM - Unit 3-Part 2

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    ameykatdare
    The document discusses the Hagen-Poiseuille equation for laminar flow in pipes. It describes the assumptions and derivation of the equation. Key aspects covered include the parabolic velocity distribution, equations for shear stress, maximum and average velocity, head loss, and power required.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    FM - Unit 3-Part 2

    Uploaded by

    ameykatdare
    9 views12 pages
    The document discusses the Hagen-Poiseuille equation for laminar flow in pipes. It describes the assumptions and derivation of the equation. Key aspects covered include the parabolic velocity distribution, equations for shear stress, maximum and average velocity, head loss, and power required.

    Original Title

    FM__Unit 3-Part 2

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    The document discusses the Hagen-Poiseuille equation for laminar flow in pipes. It describes the assumptions and derivation of the equation. Key aspects covered include the parabolic velocity distribution, equations for shear stress, maximum and average velocity, head loss, and power required.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    9 views12 pages

    FM - Unit 3-Part 2

    Uploaded by

    ameykatdare
    The document discusses the Hagen-Poiseuille equation for laminar flow in pipes. It describes the assumptions and derivation of the equation. Key aspects covered include the parabolic velocity distribution, equations for shear stress, maximum and average velocity, head loss, and power required.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 12

    Hazen-Poiseuille equation for

    (Major) loss of head (Laminar


    flow)
    Dr A D Katdare
    05/10/2020
    Hazen-Poiseuille Equation
    • Assumptions Fluid follows Newton’s la of viscosity.
    • No slip at boundry (i.e. velocity at boundry will be zero)
    • Consider horizontal pipe as shown in the figure below.
    Hagen-Poiseulle equation
    Let P be the intensity of pressure at left end.
    Therefore, pressure intensity at right end, +
    Forces acting on element are,
    • Shear force, 2 on surface of element
    • from left side
    • + from right side
    For steady flow, net force on element must be zero.

    - + - 2 =0
    Hazen-Poiseuille Equation
    - + - 2 =0
    Simplyfying,
    =− ….(1)

    Above equation (1) indicated that, flow will occur only of pressure
    gradient exists in the direction of flow.
    But, we know that, at r = 0, =
    r = R, = −

    Hence, at boundary shear stress is maximum and at center it is zero.


    Velocity and shear stress distribution in laminar flow
    Hazen-Poiseuille Equation
    Now, from Newton’s law of viscosity,
    = …..(i) y is measured from boundary
    Therefore, y = R – r dy = - dr (R is constant)
    Substituting in equation (i), = − ….. (3)

    Now, comparing equation (1) and (3),


    − =−
    Therefore, = . .
    Hazen-Poiseuille Equation

    = . .

    Integrating w.r.t. ‘r’ = + (a)


    To determine, value of C, we will use boundary conditions.
    At r = R, u = 0
    0= + ∴ =
    Substituting in (a),
    = (! − ) (4)

    Equation 4 is a parabola, hence velocity distribution will be parabolic.


    Hazen-Poiseuille Equation
    We know that, maximum velocity is at centre,
    #$ = (! ) …(5)
    From equation (4) and (5),
    = 1− (6)
    %&'

    Equation (6) represents, ratio of velocity at any value to maximum velocity

    %&'
    Similarly we can find, average velocity as, ) =
    +
    Therefore, discharge will be given by, * = ! #$
    Hazen-Poiseuille Equation
    Now substitute the value of umax in )
    - .
    )= ! …, =
    If pressure between section 1-1 and 2 -2 at a point distance x and x2, from entrance
    respectively will be,
    - .
    / − 0 = /
    1 1
    8 )
    − − = −
    !

    − =
    8 3 32 3
    4 − =
    4 4
    Hazen-Poiseuille Equation
    +
    • But, u=(Q/A) and 7 = 4
    32 )3 128 *3
    − = − =
    4 4
    Loss of head of terms of velocity Loss of head of terms of discharge

    Above two equations are known as Hagen-Poiseuille equation.

    Power required to overcome viscous resistance,

    8 9
    = * (watt)
    :
    Summary of Hagen- Poiseuille equation
    SN Description Equation

    1 Shear stress at any point ‘r’ from =−


    centre
    2 Velocity at any point = . .
    3 Maximum velocity #$ = (! )
    4 Average velocity 1 −1 ,
    )= !
    2 4 ,
    5 Ratio of max to average velocity %&'
    .
    =2

    6 Pressure difference 32 )3
    − =
    4
    7 Head loss 32 )3
    ℎ< =
    =4
    8 Power required 8 .9
    = :
    *
    Calculation of major head loss
    SN Turbulent flow Laminar flow

    1 Darcy-Weisbach equation with Darcy-Weisbach equation with


    > D.8 >
    friction factor f as f = friction factor f as f = 1/F
    ? ( ?)

    Head loss equation, Head loss equation,


    @3A @3A
    ℎ< = ℎ< =
    2B4 2B4

    2 --- Hazen-Poiseuille Equation as,


    32 3
    ℎ< =
    =4

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