Python for Non-Programmers

Agenda

1 Installing Python 5 Object Oriented Programming

2 Python Basics 6 Numerical Computing with NumPy

3 Data Structures in Python 7 Data Manipulation with Pandas

4 Python Functions 8 Data Visualization with Matplotlib

How do Humans Communicate?

hello Olá

Bonjour नमस्कार
Grammar in Language

Every Language has Grammar associated with it

I am Sam Am Sam I
Language for Computers

Java Python

C++
Syntax for Computer Language

import pandas as pd

pandas import pd as
Why do we need Programming?
Why do we need Programming?
Why do we need Programming?
Applications of Programming Languages

Gaming Banking Machine Learning

What is Data?

13.4
My Name is Sam
287

(a+b)2 0 1
How to Store Data?

“John”

123

TRUE
Need of Variables

Data/Values can be stored in temporary storage spaces called variables

Student

“John”

0x1098ab
Example of Variable

a+b

10 a
a-b

Multiple operations on the variables

20 b a*b

a/b
Decision Making Statements

If
else
It’s raining:
Go out and Play Football
Sit inside
Decision Making Statements

If
else
Marks > 70:
Give Practice Test
Get Ice-cream
if…else Pseudo Code

If(condition){
Statements to be executed….
}

else{
Statements to be executed….
}
Looping Statements

Looping statements are used to repeat a task multiple times

Looping Statements
Looping Statements
While Loop Pseudo Code

while(TRUE){
Keep executing statements….
}
Functions in Real Life

Eating Running Cycling

Functions in Programming World

Function is a block of code which performs a specific task

Deposit Function to deposit money

Withdraw Function to withdraw money

Balance Function to check balance

Object Oriented Programming
Classes

Class is a template/blue-print for real-world entities

Properties Behavior

• Color • Make Calls

• Cost • Watch Videos
• Battery Life • Play Games
Objects

Objects are specific instances of a class

Apple Motorola Samsung

How do you solve a problem?
 Step by Step Approach

1 Check if you have all the ingredients

2 Take lemon and cut into two halves

3 Squeeze lemon into a glass of water

4 Add sugar and stir it well

5 Serve it cold with ice cubes

What is an Algorithm?

Step by step approach to solve a problem is known as algorithm

Input Steps to be followed Output

Algorithm to find if number is even/odd

Start

Take Number

If number
Even Number Odd Number
% 2 == 0

End
Introduction to Python

Cross-Platform
Compatible

Free & Open Source Large Standard Library

Object Oriented
Installing Python

This is the site to install Python -> https://www.python.org/downloads/

Installing PyCharm

This is the site to install PyCharm -> https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/

Installing Anaconda

This is the site to install Anaconda -> https://www.anaconda.com/

Intro to Jupyter Notebook

Jupyter Notebook is a browser-based interpreter that allows us to interactively

work with Python
Variables in Python

“John”

“Sam”

“Matt”
Variables in Python

Data/Values can be stored in temporary storage spaces called variables

Student

“John”

0x1098ab
Variables in Python

Data/Values can be stored in temporary storage spaces called variables

“John” “Sam” “Matt”

 DataTypes in Python

Every variable is associated with a data-type

10, 500 3.14, 15.97 TRUE, FALSE “Sam”, “Matt”

int float Boolean String

Operators in Python

Arithmetic Operators

Relational Operators Logical Operators

Python Tokens

Smallest meaningful Component in a Program

Keywords

Identifiers

Literals

Operators
Python Keywords

Keywords are special reserved words

False class Finally Is Return

None continue For Lambda Try

True def From Nonlocal While

and del Global Not With

as elif If Or Yield
 Python Identifiers

Identifiers are names used for variables, functions or objects

Rules

No special character expect _(underscore)

Identifiers are case sensitive

First Letter cannot be a digit

Python Literals

Literals are constants in Python

Python Strings

Strings are sequence of characters enclosed within single quotes(‘ ’), double
quotes(“ “) or triple quotes(‘’’ ‘’’)

‘’’ I am going to
‘Hello World’ “This is Sparta”
France tomorrow’’’
Extracting Individual Characters
 String Functions

Finding length of string Converting String to lower case Converting String to upper case
 String Functions

Replacing a substring

Number of occurrences of substring

 String Functions

Finding the index of substring

Splitting a String
Data-Structures in Python

Tuple List

Dictionary Set
Tuple in Python

Tuple is an ordered collection of elements enclosed within ()

tup1=(1,’a’,True)
Extracting Individual Elements
Modifying a Tuple

You cannot modify a tuple because it is immutable

Tuple Basic Operations

Finding Length of Tuple

Concatenating Tuples
 Tuple Basic Operations

Repeating Tuple Elements

Repeating and Concatenating

Tuple Functions

Minimum Value

Maximum Value
List in Python

List is an ordered collection of elements enclosed within []

l1=[1,’a’,True]
Extracting Individual Elements
 Modifying a List

Changing the element at 0th index Popping the last element

Appending a new element

 Modifying a List

Reversing elements of a list Sorting a list

Inserting element at a specified index

 List Basic Operations

Concatenating Lists

Repeating elements
Dictionary in Python

Dictionary is an unordered collection of key-value pairs enclosed with {}

Fruit={"Apple":10,"Orange":20}
 Extracting Keys and Values

Extracting Keys

Extracting Values
 Modifying a Dictionary

Adding a new element

Changing an existing element

 Dictionary Functions

Update one dictionary’s elements with another

Popping an element
Set in Python

Set is an unordered and unindexed collection of elements enclosed with {}

s1={1,"a",True}
 Set Operations

Update one dictionary’s elements with another Removing an element

Updating multiple elements

Set Functions

Union of two sets

Intersection of two sets

 If Statement

If
else
It’s raining:
Go out and Play Football
Sit inside
 If Statement

If
else
Marks > 70:
Give Practice Test
Get Ice-cream
if…else Pseudo Code

If(condition){
Statements to be executed….
}

else{
Statements to be executed….
}
Looping Statements

Looping statements are used to repeat a task multiple times

Looping Statements
Looping Statements
 While Loop

Syntax:
Enter While loop

while condition:
Test Execute Statements
Expression

Exit While loop

True

Body of While
For Loop

For Loop is used to iterate over a sequence(tuple, list, dictionary..)

for val in sequence:

Body of for
Functions in Real Life

Eating Running Cycling

Python Functions

Function is a block of code which performs a specific task

Deposit Function to deposit money

Withdraw Function to withdraw money

Balance Function to check balance

Python Object Oriented Programming
Classes

Class is a template/blue-print for real-world entities

Properties Behavior

• Color • Make Calls

• Cost • Watch Videos
• Battery Life • Play Games
Class in Python

Class is a user-defined data-type

int float

bool str

Mobile
Attributes and Methods

color
Attributes
cost

Play Game
Methods
Make Call
Objects

Objects are specific instances of a class

Apple Motorola Samsung

 Objects in Python

Specific instances of Mobile data type

Apple Motorola Samsung

a = 10 b = 20 c = 30

Specific instances of integer data type

Creating the first Class

Creating the ‘Phone’ class

Instantiating the ‘p1’ object

Invoking methods through object

Adding parameters to the class

Setting and Returning the

attribute values
Creating a class with Constructor

init method acts as the constructor

 Instantiating Object

Instantiating the ‘e1’ object

Invoking the
‘employee_details’
method
Inheritance in Python

With inheritance one class can derive the properties of another class

Man inheriting
features from his
father
Inheritance Example

Creating the base class

Instantiating the object for base class

Inheritance Example

Creating the child class

Instantiating the object for child class

Invoking the child class method

Over-riding init method

Over-riding init method

Invoking show_details()
method from parent class Invoking show_car_details()
method from child class
Types of Inheritance

Single Inheritance

Multiple Inheritance

Multi-level Inheritance

Hybrid Inheritance
Multiple Inheritance

In multiple inheritance, the child inherits from more than 1 parent class

Parent 1 Parent 2

Child
Multiple Inheritance in Python

Parent Class One Child Class

Parent Class Two

Multiple Inheritance in Python

Invoking methods

Instantiating object of child class

Multi-Level Inheritance

In multi-level Inheritance, we have Parent, child, grand-child relationship

Parent

Child

Grand-Child
Multi-Level Inheritance in Python

Grand-Child Class
Parent Class

Child Class
Multi-Level Inheritance in Python

Invoking class methods

Instantiating object of GrandChild class

 Libraries in Python

Python library is a collection of functions and methods that allows you to perform many actions without writing your code

NumPy
Python NumPy

NumPy stands for Numerical python and is the core library for numeric and
scientific computing

NumPy
 Creating NumPy Array

Single-dimensional Multi-dimensional
Array Array
Initializing NumPy Array

Initializing NumPy array with zeros

Initializing NumPy Array

Initializing NumPy array with same number

Initializing NumPy Array

Initializing NumPy array within a range

Initializing NumPy Array

Initializing NumPy array with random numbers

NumPy-Shape

Checking the shape of NumPy arrays

Joining NumPy Arrays

vstack() hstack() column_stack()

Numpy Intersection & Difference
NumPy Array Mathematics

Addition of NumPy Arrays

NumPy Array Mathematics

Basic Multiplication
Basic Addition

Basic Subtraction Basic Division

NumPy Math Functions

Mean Standard Deviation

Median
NumPy Broadcasting

Numpy Array Addition

NumPy Broadcasting

10 20 30 40 50 + 5

10 20 30 40 50

5 5 5 5 5
NumPy Broadcasting
NumPy Broadcasting
NumPy Matrix
NumPy Matrix Transpose
NumPy Matrix Multiplication
NumPy Save & Load

Saving Numpy Array

Loading Numpy Array

Python Pandas

Pandas stands for Panel Data and is the core library for data manipulation and data
analysis
Pandas Data-Structures

Single-dimensional Multi-dimensional

Series Object Data-frame

Pandas Series Object

Series Object is one-dimensional labeled array

Changing Index
Series Object from Dictionary
Changing index position
Extracting Individual Elements

Extracting a single element Extracting elements from back

Extracting a sequence of elements

Basic Math Operations on Series

Adding a scalar value Adding two Series Objects

to Series Elements
Pandas Dataframe

Dataframe is a 2-dimensional labelled data-structure

Creating a Dataframe
Dataframe In-Built Functions

head()

shape() describe()

tail()
.iloc[]
.loc[]
Dropping Columns
Dropping Rows
Combining Data-Frames

Creating first dataframe

Creating second dataframe

Data-Frames Concatenation

Axis=0
Data-Frames Concatenation

Axis=0, Sort = True

Data-Frames Concatenation

Axis=1
Data-Frames Merge – Inner Join

Inner Join
Data-Frames Merge – Left Join

Left Join
Data-Frames Merge – Right Join

Right Join
Data-Frames Merge – Outer Join

Outer Join
More Pandas Functions

Mean Minimum

Median Maximum
More Pandas Functions
More Pandas Functions

Value_counts()

sort_values()
Pokemon Analysis
Understanding Data
Looking at Null Values
Imputing Null Values
Checking Frequency
Renaming Columns
Extracting Primary Types
Extracting Primary & Secondary Types
Extracting Specific Pokemons
Python Matplotlib

Matplotlib is a python library used for data visualization

Line Plot
 Line Plot

Adding Title and Labels

Line Plot

Changing Line Aesthetics

Line Plot

Adding two lines in the same plot

Line Plot
Line Plot

Adding sub-plots
Bar Plot
 Bar Plot

Adding Title and Labels

 Horizontal Bar Plot

Horizontal Bar Plot

 Scatter Plot

Creating a basic scatter-plot

Scatter Plot

Changing Mark Aesthetics

 Scatter Plot

Adding two markers

in the same plot
Scatter Plot

Adding sub-plots
 Histogram

Creating data

Making Histogram
 Histogram

Changing Aesthetics
 Histogram

Working with a dataset

 Box-Plot

Creating data

Making Histogram

Making Plot
 Violin-Plot

Creating data

Making Histogram

Making Plot
 Pie-Chart

Creating data

Making Plot
 Pie-Chart

Changing Aesthetics
DoughNut-Chart

Creating Data

Making Plot
SeaBorn Line Plot
SeaBorn Line Plot

Grouping data with ‘hue’

SeaBorn Line Plot

Adding Styles
SeaBorn Line Plot

Adding Markers
SeaBorn Bar Plot
SeaBorn Bar Plot
SeaBorn Bar Plot
SeaBorn Bar Plot
SeaBorn Bar Plot
SeaBorn Scatterplot
SeaBorn Scatterplot
SeaBorn Scatterplot
SeaBorn Histogram/Distplot
SeaBorn Histogram/Distplot
SeaBorn Histogram/Distplot
SeaBorn Histogram/Distplot
SeaBorn Histogram/Distplot
SeaBorn JointPlot
SeaBorn JointPlot
SeaBorn JointPlot
SeaBorn BoxPlot
SeaBorn BoxPlot
SeaBorn BoxPlot
SeaBorn BoxPlot
SeaBorn BoxPlot
SeaBorn BoxPlot
SeaBorn Pair Plot
Case Study
Case Study

We will have a case study on this census dataset

Case Study
Case Study
Case Study
Case Study

Renaming Columns
Case Study

Extracting Individual Columns

Case Study
Case Study
Case Study
Case Study
Case Study
Case Study
Case Study