CH8 - ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE A GLOBAL CONCERN - Sample

Section Name: Environmental Health and Toxicology
LO: Describe the qualities and uses of PFAs.
AI:
What are the qualities of PFAs that make them so useful?

Multiple choice question.
They easily breakdown into their nonharmful base elements.
They are slippery, heat-resistant, and durable.
As effective insulators, they can be used in any application because they do not cause pollution.
Correct Answer
They are slippery, heat-resistant, and durable.
LO: Recall that most people in industrialized nations have PFOA in their blood.
AI:
PFAs are persistent chemicals, so they are Blank______.

Multiple select question.
found even in remote and pristine areas of the world
more likely to break down with time
completely harmless
in the blood of nearly everyone in the United States

Correct Answer
found even in remote and pristine areas of the world
in the blood of nearly everyone in the United States
Section Name: 8.1 Environmental Health
LO: Define health.
AI:
The World Health Organization's definition of health includes Blank______ wellbeing.

mental
spiritual
social
physical
Correct Answer
mental
social
physical
LO: Define disease.
AI:
Disease refers to Blank______.
well-being
Reason:
Well-being is a state of health.
death
Reason:
The word mortality refers to death.
unpleasant experiences
Reason:
Disease refers to physical or psychological impairment.
impairment of body functions

Correct Answer
impairment of body functions
LO: Define disease.
AI:
The term disease refers to Blank______.

illnesses from toxic substances only

Reason:
Besides toxic substances, infections, diet, and many other factors can cause disease.
dietary abnormalities only

Reason:
Diet is just one of many factors that can cause disease.
any abnormal change in body conditions that impairs normal functions
specific illnesses from infectious agents, such as bacteria or viruses

Reason:
An infection is a disease but so are many other changes to the normal state.
Correct Answer
any abnormal change in body conditions that impairs normal functions
LO: Identify the major environmental disease (health) agents.
AI:
Which of the following are environmental disease (health) agents?

Cigarette smoke
Air pollution
Heart disease
Malnutrition
Trauma from road accidents

Correct Answer
Cigarette smoke
Air pollution
Trauma from road accidents
LO: Summarize recent trends in child mortality and/or their causes.
AI:
Declines in child mortality are largely a result of Blank______.

better nutrition
improved sanitation
educating women
high-tech medicine, such as better drugs

Reason:
Reduction in child mortality is largely due to providing clean water and nutritious food.
Correct Answer
better nutrition
improved sanitation
educating women
LO: Summarize recent trends in child mortality and/or their causes.
AI:
Which of these statements correctly describes trends in child mortality?

It is declining globally.
It remains higher in sub-Saharan Africa than elsewhere.
It is rising globally.
Reason:
Child mortality has fallen dramatically since the 1950s.
Causes of child mortality are poorly understood.

Reason:
Better nutrition, improved sanitation, and clean water readily prevent child mortality.
Clean water and improved sanitation support the declining trends.

Correct Answer
It is declining globally.
It remains higher in sub-Saharan Africa than elsewhere.
Clean water and improved sanitation support the declining trends.
LO: Explain the DALY measure and its use.
AI:
The DALY measure is the Blank______.

calculated life expectancy of a person who is paralyzed due to a traffic accident or stroke
measure of the predicted difference in the lifetime quality of life between a child born in the
developed versus developing world
average number of days it takes a person to recover from an infectious disease
disability-adjusted life years, which evaluates the total cost of disease, not just how many people
die
Correct Answer
disability-adjusted life years, which evaluates the total cost of disease, not just how many people
die
LO: Explain the DALY measure and its use.
AI:
Today health agencies calculate DALYs rather than mortality rates as a measure of disease
burden because Blank______.
DALYs are a more complete measure combining premature deaths and the loss of a healthy life
resulting from mental illness or physical disability
mortality data fail to capture the impacts of nonfatal outcomes of disease and injury on human
well-being
as the global disease burden shifts from infectious diseases toward chronic conditions, it is more
useful to focus on the economic cost of disease
Reason:
Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) measure the total cost of disease, combining premature
deaths and loss of a healthy life resulting from illness or disability.
Correct Answer
DALYs are a more complete measure combining premature deaths and the loss of a healthy life
resulting from mental illness or physical disability
mortality data fail to capture the impacts of nonfatal outcomes of disease and injury on human
well-being
LO: Describe the changes in ranking of major causes of disease burden from 1990 to 2019.
AI:
What two causes of global disease burden, as ranked by DALYs, held the top two spots
(although switched places) in 1990 and 2019?
Infectious diseases
Childbirth
Diabetes
Heart disease
Malnutrition
Correct Answer
Childbirth
Heart disease
LO: Identify major trends in global health.
AI:
Which of the following statements about global health trends are true?
Chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes are increasing and spreading to
poorer populations.
Infectious diseases such as diarrhea are on the decline globally.
Cancer and heart disease are declining in the developed world while they are increasing in the
developing world.
Reason:
Chronic diseases of aging are increasing everywhere as deaths due to infectious diseases decline.
Infectious diseases like typhoid and smallpox are rapidly being eradicated in the developing
world but are making a comeback in the developed world.
Reason:
Part of the epidemiological transition involves infectious diseases rates, like typhoid, declining
globally. Smallpox was eradicated in 1977.
Correct Answer
Chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes are increasing and spreading to
poorer populations.
Infectious diseases such as diarrhea are on the decline globally.
LO: Identify major trends in global health.
AI:
What are the three top factors that are controlling the rise in chronic conditions such as heart
disease, diabetes, and cancer in lower- and middle-income regions?
Tobacco use
Diet
Electronics use
Pollution exposure
High blood pressure

Correct Answer
Tobacco use
Diet
High blood pressure
LO: Recognize that maternal and neonatal illnesses still cause a relatively high percent of deaths.
AI:
How much improvement has there been in deaths from childbirth and neonatal conditions in low-
income countries in the past 30 years?
It has worsened by about 1 percent.
No improvement; it is still about 9 percent of deaths (for women) in 2019.
It has improved a few percent.
It has improved dramatically.

Correct Answer
No improvement; it is still about 9 percent of deaths (for women) in 2019.

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Section Name: Environmental Health and Toxicology

LO: Describe the qualities and uses of PFAs.

What are the qualities of PFAs that make them so useful?

They easily breakdown into their nonharmful base elements.

They are slippery, heat-resistant, and durable.

PFAs are persistent chemicals, so they are Blank______.

found even in remote and pristine areas of the world

more likely to break down with time

in the blood of nearly everyone in the United States

LO: Define health.

The World Health Organization's definition of health includes Blank______ wellbeing.

LO: Define disease.

impairment of body functions

The term disease refers to Blank______.

illnesses from toxic substances only

dietary abnormalities only

any abnormal change in body conditions that impairs normal functions

specific illnesses from infectious agents, such as bacteria or viruses

LO: Identify the major environmental disease (health) agents.

Which of the following are environmental disease (health) agents?

Trauma from road accidents

Declines in child mortality are largely a result of Blank______.

high-tech medicine, such as better drugs

LO: Summarize recent trends in child mortality and/or their causes.

Which of these statements correctly describes trends in child mortality?

It remains higher in sub-Saharan Africa than elsewhere.

Causes of child mortality are poorly understood.

Clean water and improved sanitation support the declining trends.

LO: Explain the DALY measure and its use.

The DALY measure is the Blank______.

average number of days it takes a person to recover from an infectious disease

LO: Explain the DALY measure and its use.

LO: Identify major trends in global health.

Infectious diseases such as diarrhea are on the decline globally.

LO: Identify major trends in global health.

High blood pressure

It has worsened by about 1 percent.

No improvement; it is still about 9 percent of deaths (for women) in 2019.

It has improved a few percent.

It has improved dramatically.

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