Chapter – 6: Squares and Square Roots

Exercise 6.1 (Page 96 of Grade 8 NCERT book)

Q1. What will be the unit digit of the squares of the following numbers?
(i) 81 (ii) 272 (iii) 799 (iv) 3853
(v) 1234 (vi) 26387 (vii) 52698 (viii) 99880
(ix) 12796 (x) 55555

Difficulty Level: Easy

What is known:
Number

What is unknown:
Unit digit of the square of numbers

Reasoning 1:
If a number has 1 or 9 in its unit digit, then it’s square ends with 1.
(11 = 1)

Solution:
Since 81 has 1 as its unit digit, 1 will be the unit digit of its square.
Similar Examples
91, 721, 4321

Reasoning 2:
If a number has either 2 or 8 as its unit digit, then it’s square ends with 4.

Solution:
Since 272 has 2 as its unit digit, then its square number ends with 4.
( 2  2 = 4)
Similar Examples
22, 2432, 147322

Reasoning 3:
If a number has 1 or 9 in its unit digit, then it’s square ends with 1

Solution:
Since 799 has 9 as its unit digit, 1 will be the unit digit of its square.
( 9  9 = 81)
Reasoning 4:
If a number has either 3 or 7 as its unit digit, then its square number ends with 9.

Solution:
Since, 3853 has 3 as its unit digit, 9 will be the unit digit of its square.
(3 3 = 9)
Similar Examples
13, 433, 63

Reasoning 5:
If a number has either 4 or 6 as its unit digit, then its square ends with 6.

Solution:
Since, 1234 has 4 as its unit digit, 6 will be the unit digit of its square.
( 4  4 = 16 )
Similar Examples
14, 114, 484, 1594

Reasoning 6:
If a number has either 3 or 7 as its unit digit, then its square number ends with 9.

Solution:
Since, 26387 has 7 as its unit digit, 9 will be the unit digit of its square.
( 7  7 = 49 )

Reasoning 7:
If a number has either 2 or 8 as its unit digit, then it’s square ends with 4.

Solution:
Since 52698 has 8 as its unit digit, then its square number ends with 4.
(8  8 = 64 )

Reasoning 8:
If a number has 0 as its unit digit, then its square ends with 0.

Solution:
Since, 99880 has 0 as its unit digit, 0 will be the unit digit of its square.
Similar Examples
190, 1240, 167850

Reasoning 9:
If a number has either 4 or 6 as its unit digit, then its square ends with 6.

Solution:
Since, 12796 has 6 as its unit digit, 6 will be the unit digit of its square.
( 6  6 = 36 )
Reasoning 10:
If a number has 5 as its unit digit, then its square ends with 5.
( 5  5 = 25)

Solution:
Since, 55555 has 5 as its unit digit, 5 will be the unit digit of its square.
Similar Examples
105, 85, 3425

Q2. The following numbers are obviously not perfect squares. Give reasons.

(i) 1057 (ii) 23453 (iii) 7928 (iv) 222222

(v) 64000 (vi) 89722 (vii) 222000 (viii) 505050

Difficulty Level: Easy

What is known:
Numbers which are perfect square

What is unknown:
Why these number are not perfect square

Reasoning:
The square of a number has 0,1,4,5,6 or 9 at its units place are perfect squares. Also,
square of a number can only have even number of zeros at the end. (“pages 90 to 92 of
grade 8 NCERT book”).

Solution:
In the above question unit digit of numbers are 7, 3, 8, 2, 000, 2, 000, 0 respectively, so
these number are obviously not perfect square.

Q3. The squares of which of the following would be odd numbers?

(i) 431 (ii) 2826 (iii) 7779 (iv) 82004

Difficulty Level: Easy

What is known:
Numbers
What is unknown:
Square of which number would be odd

Reasoning:
Square of an odd number is always odd and square of an even number is always even.
Solution:
Since, 431 and 7779 are odd number, so squares of these numbers will be odd.

Q4. Observe the following pattern and find the missing digits.
112 = 121
1012 = 10201
10012 = 1002001
1000012 = 1.2....1
100000012 = ..........

Difficulty level: Easy

What is known:
Pattern

What is unknown:
Missing number in the pattern

Reasoning:
The square of the given number has the same number of zeros before and after the digit 2
as it has in the original number.

Solution:
112 = 121
1012 = 10201
10012 = 1002001
1000012 = 10000200001
100000012 = 100000020000001

Q5. Observe the following pattern and supply the missing numbers.
112 = 121
1012 = 10201
101012 = 102030201
10101012 = ?
?2 = 10203040504030201
Difficulty level: Easy

What is known:
Pattern

What is unknown:
Missing number in the pattern
Reasoning:
Start with 1 followed by a zero and go up to as many number as there are number of 1s
given, follow the same pattern in reverse order.

Solution:
112 = 121
1012 = 10201
101012 = 102030201
10101012 = 1020304030201
1010101012 = 10203040504030201

Q6. Using the given pattern, find the missing numbers.

12 + 22 + 22 = 32
22 + 32 + 62 = 7 2
32 + 42 + 122 = 132
42 + 52 + − 2 = 212
52 + − 2 + 302 = 312
62 + 7 2 + − 2 = − 2

Difficulty level: Easy

What is known:
Pattern

What is unknown:
Missing number in the pattern

Reasoning:
The third number is the product of the first two numbers and the fourth number is
obtained by adding 1 to the third number

Solution:
12 + 22 + 22 = 32
22 + 32 + 62 = 7 2
32 + 42 + 122 = 132
42 + 52 + 202 = 212
52 + 62 + 302 = 312
62 + 7 2 + 422 = 432
Q7. Without adding, find the sum.
(i) 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9
(ii) 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17 +19
(iii) 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17 + 19 + 21 + 23

Difficulty level: Easy

What is known:
Consecutive odd numbers.

What is unknown:
Sum of these consecutive odd number without adding.

Reasoning:
Sum of the first n odd natural numbers is n 2 .

Solution:
i. 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9
Here number of term (n) is 5
sum = (5) 2 = 25

ii. 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17 + 19
Here number of term (n) is 10
sum = (10) 2 = 100

iii. 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17 + 19 + 21 + 23
Here number of term (n) is 12
sum = (12) 2 = 144

Q8. (i) Express 49 as the sum of 7 odd numbers.

(ii) Express 121 as the sum of 11 odd numbers.

Difficulty level: Easy

What is known:
Sum of 7 odd number is 49
Sum of 11 odd number 121

What is unknown:
Express 49 as the sum of 7 odd numbers and 121 as the sum of 11 odd numbers.

Reasoning:
The sum of successive odd natural numbers is n2.
Solution:
49 = ( 7 )
2
i.

Therefore ,49 is the sum of first 7 odd natural numbers

49 = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13

ii. (121) = (11) 2

Therefore ,121 is the sum of first 11 odd natural numbers
121 = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17 + 19 + 21

Q9. How many numbers lie between squares of the following numbers?
(i) 12 and 13 (ii) 25 and 26 (iii) 99 and 100

Difficulty level: Medium

What is known:
Numbers

What is unknown:
How many numbers lie between squares of given numbers

Reasoning:
There lies “2n” number between the square of the number n and (n+1)

Solution:
(i) 12 and 13
Here, n=12 gives 2 12 = 24 , i.e., 24 numbers between (12 ) and (13) .
2 2

(ii) 25 and 26
Here, n=25 gives 2  25 = 50 , i.e., 50 numbers. between ( 25 ) and ( 26 ) .
2 2

(iii) 99 and 100

Here, n=99 gives 2  99 = 198 , i.e., 198 numbers between ( 99 ) and (100 ) .
2 2
 Chapter – 6: Squares and Square Roots
Exercise 6.2 (Page 98 of Grade 8 NCERT book)

Q1. Find the squares of the following numbers.

(i) 32 (ii) 35 (iii) 86 (iv) 93 (v) 71 (vi) 46

Difficulty Level: Easy

What is known:
Numbers

What is unknown:
Square of the numbers.

Reasoning:
There is a way to find this by without multiplication.

Solution (i):
32 = 30 + 2
322 = (30 + 2)2
= 30(30 + 2) + 2(30 + 2)
= 302 + 30  2 + 2  30 + 22
= 900 + 60 + 60 + 4
= 1024

Reasoning:
If a number have its unit digit 5 i.e. a5, its square number will be [a (a+1) hundred+25].

Solution (ii):
35
Hence a = 3
Square of the number 35
= [3(3+1) hundreds+25]
= [ ( 3  4 ) hundreds+25]
= 1200+25
= 1225
Solution (iii):
86 = 80 + 6
862 = (80 + 6) 2
= 80(80 + 6) + 6(80 + 6)
= 802 + 80  6 + 6  80 + 62
= 6400 + 480 + 480 + 36
= 7396

Solution (iv):
93 = 90 + 3
932 = (90 + 3) 2
= 90(90 + 3) + 3(90 + 3)
= 902 + 90  3 + 3  90 + 32
= 8100 + 270 + 270 + 9
= 8649

Solution (v):
71 = 70 + 1
712 = (70 + 1) 2
= 70(70 + 1) + 1(70 + 1)
= 702 + 70 1 + 1 70 + 12
= 4900 + 70 + 70 + 1
= 5041

Solution (vi):
46 = 40 + 6
462 = (40 + 6) 2
= 40(40 + 6) + 6(40 + 6)
= 402 + 40  6 + 6  40 + 62
= 1600 + 240 + 240 + 36
= 2116

Q2. Write a Pythagorean triplet whose one member is.

(i) 6 (ii) 14 (iii) 16 (iv) 18

Difficulty level: Medium

What is known:
One of the members of Pythagorean triplet

What is unknown:
Other two member of Pythagorean triplet
Reasoning:
For any natural number “m” where m>1, we have (2m)2 + ( m2 − 1) = ( m2 + 1) . So, 2m,
2 2

m2 − 1 and m2 + 1 forms a Pythagorean triplet (Page 98 of Grade 8 NCERT book)

Solution (i):
6

If we take, m2 + 1 = 6
m2 = 5
the value of m will not be an integer.

If we take m2 − 1 = 6
m2 = 7
Again, the value of m will not be an integer.

Let ,2m = 6
6
m=
2
=3

m 2 − 1 = (3) 2 − 1
= 9 −1
=8

m 2 + 1 = (3) 2 + 1
= 9 +1
= 10

Therefore, Pythagorean triplets are 6, 8 and 10

Solution (ii):
14
If we take m + 1 = 14
2

m2 = 13
the value of the m will not be an integer.

If we take m2 − 1 = 14
m2 = 15
Again, the value of m will not be an integer.
Let 2m = 14
14
m=
2
=7

m2 − 1 = 72 − 1
= 49 − 1
= 48

m2 + 1 = 72 + 1
= 49 + 1
= 50

Therefore ,14, 48, 50 are Pythagorean triplets.

Solution (iii):
16

If we take m2 + 1 = 16
m2 = 15
the value of m will be an integer.

If we take m2 − 1 = 16
m2 = 17
the value of m will be an integer.

Let 2m=6
16
m=
2
=8

m 2 − 1 = 82 − 1
= 64 − 1
= 63

m 2 + 1 = 82 + 1
= 64 + 1
= 65

Therefore, 16, 63 and 65 are Pythagorean triplets.

Solution (iv):
18
If we take m + 1 = 18
2

m2 = 17
the value of m will be an integer.

If we take m2 − 1 = 18
m2 = 19
the value of m will be an integer.

Let 2m=18
18
m=
2
=9

m 2 − 1 = 92 − 1
= 81 − 1
= 80

m 2 + 1 = 92 + 1
= 81 + 1
= 82

Therefore, 18, 80 and 82 are Pythagorean triplets.

 Chapter – 6: Squares and Square Roots
Exercise 6.3 (Page 102 of Grade 8 NCERT book)

Q1. What could be the possible one’s digits of the square root of each of the
following numbers?
(i) 9801
(ii) 99856
(iii) 998001
(iv) 998001

Difficulty level: Easy

What is unknown:
Square of numbers

What is unknown:
Unit digit of square root

Reasoning:
If the number ends with 1, then the one’s digit of the square root of that number may be 1
or 9.

If number ends with 6, the one’s digit of the square root of that number may be 4 or 6.

If number ends with 5, the one’s digit of square root of that number will be 5. (Page 100
of Grade 8 NCERT Book)

Solution (i):
9801
Since the number ends with 1, the one’s digit of the square root may be 1 or 9.

Solution (ii):
99856
Since the number ends with 6, the one’s digit of the square root may be 4 or 6.

Solution (iii):
998001
Since the number ends with 1, the one’s digit of the square root may be 1 or 9.

Solution (iv):
657666025
Since the number ends with 5, the one’s digit of the square root will be 5.
Q2. Without doing any calculations, find the numbers which are surely not perfect
squares.
(i) 153 (ii) 257 (iii) 408 (iv) 441

Difficulty level: Easy

What is known:
Numbers

What is unknown:
Numbers which are surely not perfect square.

Reasoning:
The perfect square of a number can end with 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 or 9 at unit’s place.

Solution (i):
153
Since the number 153 has 3 at its unit’s place, it is not a perfect square.

Solution (ii):
257
Since the number 257 has 7 at its unit’s place, it is not a perfect square.

Solution (iii):
408
Since the number 408 has 8 at its unit’s place, it is not a perfect square.

Q3. Find the square roots of 100 and 169 by the method of repeated subtraction.

Difficulty level: Medium

What is known:
Perfect square

What is unknown:
Square root of following square by using repeated subtraction method.

Reasoning:
The sum of the first n odd natural numbers in n 2 i.e. every square number can be
expressed as a sum of successive odd numbers starting from 1. (Page 100 of Grade B
NCERT Book)

Solution:
Consider 100 , then
(i) 100 – 1 = 99
(ii) 99 – 3 = 96
 (iii) 96 – 5 = 91
(iv) 91 – 7 = 84
(v) 84 – 9 = 75
(vi) 75 – 11 = 64
(vii) 64 – 13 = 51
(viii) 51 – 15 = 36
(ix) 36 – 17 = 19
(x) 19 – 19 = 0

We have subtracted successive odd numbers, and 10 steps have been required for getting
the result as 0.

So, the square root of 100 is 10.

Consider 169 , then

i) 169 – 1= 168
ii) 168 – 3= 165
iii) 165 – 5=160
iv) 160 – 7=153
v) 153 – 9=144
vi) 144 – 11=133
vii) 133 – 13=120
viii) 120 – 15=105
ix) 105 – 17=88
x) 88 – 19=69
xi) 69 – 21=48
xii) 48 – 23=25
xiii) 25 – 25=0

We have subtracted successive odd numbers, and 13 steps have been required for getting
the result as 0.

So, the square root of 169 is 13.

Q4. Find the square roots of the following numbers by the Prime Factorisation
Method.
(i) 729 (ii) 400 (iii) 1764 (iv) 4096
(v) 7744 (vi) 9604 (vii) 5929 (viii) 9216
(ix) 529 (x) 8100

Difficulty level: Medium

What is known:
Squares

What is unknown:
Square root by using factorisation method
Reasoning:
As we know that each prime factor in the prime factorisation of the square of a number,
occurs twice the number of times it occurs in the prime factorisation of the number itself.
Let us use this to find the square root of a given square number by pairing the prime
factors.

Solution (i):
729 = 3  3  3  3  3  3
729 = 3  3  3  3  3  3 3 729
= 3 3 3 3 243
= 27 3 81
3 27
39
3

Solution (ii):
400 = 2  2  2  2  5  5
400 = 2  2  2  2  5  5 2 400
= 2 25 2 200
= 20 2 100
2 50
5 25
5

Solution (iii):
1764 = 2  2  3  3  7  7
1764 = 2  2  3  3  7  7 2 1764
= 2  3 7 2 882
= 42 3 441
3 147
7 49
7

Solution (iv):
2 4096
4096 = 2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2
2 2048
4096 = 2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2 2 1024
= 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 512
= 64 2 256
2 128
2 64
2 32
2 16
28
24
2
Solution (v):
7744 = 2  2  2  2  2  2 1111 2 7744
7744 = 2  2  2  2  2  2 1111 2 3872
2 1936
= 2  2  2 11
2 968
= 88
2 484
2 242
11121
11

Solution (vi):
9604 = 2  2  7  7  7  7
2 9604
9604 = 2  2  7  7  7  7
2 4802
= 2 7 7
7 2401
= 98
7 343
7 49
7

Solution (vii):
5929 = 7  7 1111 7 5929
5929 = 7  7 1111 7 847
= 7 11 11121
= 77 11

Solution (viii):
2 9216
2 4608
9216 = 2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  3  3 2 2304
2 1152
9216 = 2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  3  3
2 576
= 2 2 2 2 23
2 288
= 96
2 144
2 72
2 36
2 18
39
3

Solution (ix):
529 = 23  23
529 = 23  23
23 529
= 23
23
Solution (x):
8100 = 2  2  3  3  3  3  5  5 2 8100
8100 = 2  2  3  3  3  3  5  5 2 4050
3 2025
= 2  3 3 5
3 675
= 90
3 225
3 75
5 25
5

Q5. For each of the following numbers, find the smallest whole number by which it
should be multiplied so as to get a perfect square number. Also find the square root
of the square number so obtained.

(i) 252 (ii) 180 (iii) 1008 (iv) 2028 (v) 1458 (vi) 768

Difficulty level: Medium

What is known:
Numbers

What is unknown:
The smallest whole number by which it should be multiplied so as to get a perfect square
number

Reasoning:
To get a perfect square, each factor of the given number must be paired.

Solution (i):
252
252 = 2  2  3  3  7
2 252
2 126
3 63
3 21
77
11

Hence, Prime factor 7 does not have its pair. If 7 gets a pair, then the number becomes a
perfect square. Therefore, 252 has to be multiplied with 7 to get a perfect square.

So, perfect square is 252  7 = 1764

1764 = 2  2  3  3  7  7

So, perfect root of 1764 is 2  3  7 = 42

Solution (ii):
180
180 = 2  2  3  3  5
2 180
2 90
3 45
315
55
11
Hence, prime factor 5 does not have its pair. If 5 gets a pair, then the number becomes a
perfect square. Therefore, 180 has to be multiplied with 5 to get a perfect square.

So, perfect square is 180  5 = 900

900 = 2  2  3  3  5  5

So, perfect root of 900 is 2  3  5 = 30

Solution (iii):
1008
1008 = 2  2  2  2  3  3  7
2 1008
2 504
2 252
2 126
3 63
3 21
77
11
Hence, prime factor 7 does not have its pair. If 7 gets a pair, then the number becomes a
perfect square. Therefore, 1008 has to be multiplied with 7 to get a perfect square.

So, perfect square is 1008  7 = 7056

7056 = 2  2  2  2  3  3  7  7

So, perfect root of 7056 is 2  2  3  7 = 84

Solution (iv):
2028
2028 = 2  2 13 13  3
2 2028
2 1014
13 507
13 39
33
11
Hence, prime factor 3 does not have its pair. If 3 gets a pair, then the number becomes a
perfect square. Therefore, 2028 has to be multiplied with 3 to get a perfect square.

So, perfect square is 2028  3 = 6084

6084 = 2  2 13 13  3  3

So, perfect root of 6084 is 2 13  3 = 78

Solution (v):
1458
1458 = 3  3  3  3  3  3  2
31458
3 486
3162
3 54
318
36
22
11

Hence, prime factor 2 does not have its pair. If 2 gets a pair, then the number becomes a
perfect square. Therefore, 1458 has to be multiplied with 2 to get a perfect square.

So, perfect square is 1458  2 = 2916

2916 = 3  3  3  3  3  3  2  2

So, perfect root of 2916 is 3  3  3  2 = 54

Solution (vi):
768
768 = 2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  3
2 768
2 384
2 192
2 96
2 48
2 24
2 12
26
33
11

Hence, prime factor 3 does not have its pair. If 3 gets a pair, then the number becomes a
perfect square. Therefore, 768 has to be multiplied with 3 to get a perfect square.
So, perfect square is 768  3 = 2304
2304 = 2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  3 3

So, perfect root of 2304 is 2  2  2  2  3 = 48

Q6. For each of the following numbers, find the smallest whole number by which it
should be divided so as to get a perfect square. Also find the square root of the
square number so obtained.

(i) 252 (ii) 2925 (iii) 396 (iv) 2645 (v) 2800 (vi)1620

Difficulty level: Medium

What is known:
Numbers

What is unknown:
The smallest whole number by which it should be divided so as to get a perfect square
number

Reasoning:
To get a perfect square, each factor of the given number must be paired.

Solution (i):
252
252 = 2  2  3  3  7
2 252
2 126
3 63
3 21
77
11

Hence, prime factor 7 does not have its pair. If number is divided by 7 then rest of the
prime factor will be in pairs. Therefore, 252 has to be divided by 7 to get a perfect square.

252  7 = 36

36 is perfect square
36 = 2  2  3  3
= 22  32
= (2  3) 2
36 = 2  3 = 6
Solution (ii):
2925
2925 = 5  5  3  3 13
5 2925
5 585
3117
3 39
1313
11

Hence, prime factor 13 does not have its pair. If number is divided by 13 then rest of the
prime factor will be in pairs. Therefore, 2925 has to be divided by 13 to get a perfect
square.
2925 13 = 225

225 is a perfect square

225 = 5  5  3  3
= 52  32
= (5  3)2
225 = 15

Solution (iii):
396
396 = 3  3  2  2  11
3 396
3132
2 44
2 22
1111
11

Hence, prime factor 11 does not have its pair. If number is divided by 11 then rest of the
prime factor will be in pairs. Therefore, 396 has to be divided by 11 to get a perfect
square.
396 11 = 36
36 = 3  3  2  2
= 32  22
= (3  2) 2
36 = 3  2 = 6
36 is a perfect square
Solution (iv):
2645
2645 = 5  23  23
5 2645
23 529
23 23
11

Hence, prime factor 5 does not have its pair. If number is divided by 5 then rest of
the prime factor will be in pairs. Therefore, 2645 has to be divided by 5 to get a
perfect square.
2645  5 = 529

529 is a perfect square

529 = 23  23
= 232
529 = 23

Solution (v):
2800
2800 = 2  2  3  3  3  3  5
2 2800
2 1400
2 700
2 350
5 175
5 35
77
11

Hence, prime factor 7 does not have its pair. If number is divided by 7 then rest of the
prime factor will be in pairs. Therefore, 2800 has to be divided by 7 to get a perfect
square
2800  7 = 400

400 is a perfect square

400 = 2  2  2  2  5  5
= 2 2  2 2  52
= (2  3  5) 2
400 = 2  2  5
= 20
Solution (vi):
1620
1620 = 2  2  2  3  3  3  5
2 1620
2 810
3 405
3135
3 45
315
55
11

Hence, prime factor 5 does not have its pair. If number is divided by 5 then rest of
the prime factor will be in pairs. Therefore, 1620 has to be divided by 5 to get a
perfect square.

1620  5 = 324

324 is a perfect square

324 = 2  2  3  3  3  3
= 22  32  32
= (2  3  3) 2
324 = 2  3  3
= 18

Q7. The students of Class VIII of a school donated Rs. 2401 in all for the
Prime Minister’s National Relief Fund. Each student donated as many rupees
as the number of students in the class. Find the number of students in the class.

Difficulty level: Hard

What is known or given:

Total amount of donation donated by students.

What is unknown:
Number of students in the class.

Reasoning:
Each student donated as many rupees as the number of students in the class i.e. money
donated by each student is equal to the number of students in the class. Total amount of
donation is equal to the product of number of students in the class and money donated by
each student.
Solution:
Let number of students in a class be x
So, money donated by each student is also x (as they donated as much amount as number
of students in the class).

Total amount of donation = Rs 2401

Total amount of donation = number of students  money donated by each student
2401 = x  x
2401 = x 2
x = 2401

7 2401
7 343
7 49
77
11

x = 2401
x = 7777
x = 72  72
x = (7  7) 2
x = 7  7 = 49

Therefore, the number of students in class is 49.

Q8. 2025 plants are to be planted in a garden in such a way that each row contains
as many plants as the number of rows. Find the number of rows and the number of
plants in each row.

Difficulty level: Hard

What is known:
Number of plants that is to be planted in the garden.

What is unknown:
Number of rows and the number of plants in each row.

Reasoning:
Each row contains as many plants as the number of rows i.e. number of rows equal to
number of plants in each row. Total number of plants that to be planted is equal to the
product of number of plants and number of rows.
Solution:
Let number of rows be x

Number of plants in each row is also x

(number of rows) (number of plants in each row) = 2025

x  x = 2025
x 2 = 2025
x = 2025

5 2025
5 405
3 81
3 27
39
33
11

x = 2025
x = 5 5 3 3 3 3
x = 52  32  32
x = (5  3  3) 2
x = 5  3  3 = 45

Therefore, the number of rows and the number of plants in each row is 45.

Q9. Find the smallest square number that is divisible by each of the numbers 4, 9
and 10.

Difficulty level: Medium

What is known:
Divisor are 4, 9 and 10

What is unknown:
The smallest square that is divisible by 4, 9 and 10.

Reasoning:
The number that will be perfectly divisible by each one of the numbers is their LCM.
Solution:
2 4,9,10
2 2,9,5
31,9,5
31,3,5
5 1,1,5
11,1,1

LCM of 4,9,10
= 2  2  3  3 5
= 180

Hence, number 5 does not have a pair. Therefore 180 is multiplied by 5 then the number
obtained is a perfect square. Therefore, 1805 = 900

So, 900 is the smallest square that is divisible by 4, 9 and 10.

Q10. Find the smallest square number that is divisible by each of the numbers 8, 15
and 20

Difficulty level: Medium

What is known:
Divisor are 8, 15 and 20

What is unknown:
The smallest square that is divisible by 8, 15 and 20.

Reasoning:
The number that will be perfectly divisible by each one of the numbers is their LCM.

Solution:

LCM of 8,15, 20
2 8,15, 20
2 4,15,10
2 2,15,5
31,15,5
5 1,5,5
11,1,1

LCM of 8,15, 20
= 2 2  2  3  5
= 120
Hence prime factor 2, 3, 5 do not have their respective pairs.

Therefore 120 is not a perfect square. If 120 is multiplied by 2  3  5 , then the number
obtained will be a perfect square.

Therefore, 120  2  3  5 = 3600

Thus, the perfect square number is 3600 which is completely divisible by 8, 15 and 20.
 Chapter – 6: Squares and Square Roots
Exercise 6.4 (Page 107 of Grade 8 NCERT book)

Q1. Find the square root of each of the following numbers by division method.
(i) 2304 (ii) 4489 (iii) 3481 (iv) 529 (v) 3249 (vi) 1369
(vii) 5776 (viii) 7921 (ix) 576 (x) 1024 (xi) 3136 (xii) 900

Difficulty level: Medium

What is known:
Perfect squares

What is unknown:
Square root by using division method.

Reasoning
When a number is large, even the method of trading the square root by prime
factorization becomes lengthy and difficult, so the division method is used.

Solution (i):
The square root of 2304 is calculated as follows.

Since remainder is zero and number of digits and left in the given number. Therefore,
2304 = 48

Solution (ii):
The square root of 4489 is calculated as follows.

4489 = 67
Solution (iii):
The square root of 3481 is calculated as follows.

3841 = 59

Solution (iv):
The square root of 529 is calculated as follows.

529 = 23

Solution (v):
The square root of 3249 is calculated as follows.

3249 = 57
Solution (vi):
The square root of 1369 is calculated as follows.

1369 = 37

Solution (vii):
The square root of 5776 is calculated as follows.

5776 = 146

Solution (viii):
The square root of 7921 is calculated as follows.

7921 = 89

Solution (ix):
The square root of 576 is calculated as follows.

576 = 24
Solution (x):
The square root of 1024 is calculated as follows.

1024 = 32

Solution (xi):
The square root of 3136 is calculated as follows.

3136 = 56

Solution (xii):
The square root of 900 is calculated as follows.

900 = 30

Q2. Find the number of digits in the square root of each of the following numbers
(without any calculation).
(i) 64 (ii) 144 (iii) 4489 (iv) 27225 (v) 390625

Difficulty level: Easy

What is known:
Squares

What is unknown:
Number of digits in square root
Reasoning
n
If a perfect square is of n digits then it’s square root will have digits, if n is even and
2
( n + 1) , if n is odd
2
Solution (i):
64
n = 2 (even)
2
Number of digits = = 1
2

Solution (ii):
144
n=3
n +1 3 +1 4
Number of digits = = = =2
2 2 2
Solution (iii):
4489
n=4
n 4
Number of digits = = =2
2 2

(iv)Solution:
27225
n=5
n +1 5 +1 6
Number of digits = = = =3
2 2 2

(v) Solution:
390625
n=6
n 6
Number of digits = = =3
2 2

Q3. Find the square root of the following decimal numbers.

(i) 2.56 (ii) 7.29 (iii) 51.84 (iv) 42.25 (v) 31.36

Difficulty level: Medium

What is known:
Perfect squares in decimal form.

What is unknown:
Square root by using division method.
Reasoning
To find the square root of decimal numbers put bars on the integral part of the number
and place bars on the decimal part on every pair of digits starting with the first decimal
place.

(i) Solution:
Square root of 2.56 is calculated as

2.56 = 1.6

(ii) Solution:
Square root of 7.29 is calculated as

7.29 = 2.7

(iii) Solution:
Square root of 51.84 is calculated as

51.84 = 7.2
(iv) Solution:
Square root of 42.25 is calculated as follows

42.25 = 6.25

(v) Solution:
Square root of 31.36 is calculated as follows

31.36 = 5.6

Q4. Find the least number which must be subtracted from each of the following
numbers so as to get a perfect square. Also find the square root of the perfect
square so obtained.
(i) 402 (ii) 1989 (iii) 3250 (iv) 825 (v) 4000

Difficulty level: Medium

What is known:
Numbers that are not perfect square

What is unknown:
What must be subtracted from the numbers so as to get perfect square

Reasoning:
If we subtract the remainder from the number, we get a perfect square.

Solution (i):
Square root of 402 is calculated as:
It is evident that square of 20 is less than 402 by 2. If we subtract the remainder from the
number, we get a perfect square. Therefore, the required perfect square is

Therefore, required perfect square = 402 − 2 = 400

402 − 2 = 400 and 400 = 20

(ii) Solution:
Square root of 1989 by long division method.

The remainder obtained is 53. The square of 44 is less than the given number 1989 by 53.
Therefore, perfect square can be obtained by subtracting 53 from the given number 1989.

Therefore, required perfect square = 1989 − 53 = 1936

And 1936 = 44

(iii) Solution:
Square root of 3250 can be calculated by long division method as follows

The remainder obtained is 1. The square of 57 is less than 3250 by 1. Therefore, the
required perfect square = 3250 − 1 = 3249
And 3249 = 57
(iv) Solution:
Square root of 825 can be calculated by the long division method as follows

The remainder is 41.it shows that the square of 28 is less than 825 by 41.
Therefore, required perfect square = 825 − 41 = 784
And 784 = 28

(v) Solution:
Square root of 4000 can be calculated by the long division method as follows.

The remainder is 31, it represents that the square of 63 is less than 4000 by 31. Therefore,
the square perfect square = 4000 − 31 = 3969.
3969 = 63

Q5. Find the least number which must be added to each of the following numbers
so as to get a perfect square. Also find the square root of the perfect square so
obtained.
(i) 525 (ii) 1750 (iii) 252 (iv) 1825 (v) 6412

Difficulty level: Medium

What is known:
Numbers that are not perfect square

What is unknown:
What must be added to the numbers so as to get perfect square.
Reasoning:
First find out square root of the number then round it off to the next whole number, that
number is next possible square root, so add what should be added to the former number to
get perfect square.

(i) Solution:
Square root of 525 is calculated by long division method as follows.

It is evident that 222  525

Next, the perfect square of 23 is

232 = 529
Hence, the number to be added to 529
= 232 − 525
= 529 − 525
=4
The required perfect square is 525 + 4 = 529
529 = 23

(ii) Solution:
Square root of 1750 can be calculated by the long division method as follows.

The remainder is 69.

This shows that 412  1750

Next perfect square is 422 = 1764

Hence number to be added to 1750
= 422 − 1750
= 1764 − 1750
= 14
The required perfect square is 1750 + 14 = 1764
1764 = 42
(iii) Solution:
Square root of 252 is calculated as follows.

The remainder is 27.

This shows that 152  252

Next perfect square is 162 = 256

Hence number to be added to 252

= 162 − 252
= 256 − 252
=4
The required perfect square is 252 + 4 = 256

And 256 = 16

(iv) Solution:
Square root of 1825 is calculated as follows.

The remainder is 61.

This shows that 422  1825

Next perfect square is 432 = 1849

Hence number to be added to 1825

= 432 − 1825
= 1849 − 1825
= 24
The required perfect square is 1825 + 24 = 1849
And 1849 = 43
(v) Solution:
Square root of 6412 is calculated as follows.

The remainder is 12.

This shows that 802  6412

Next perfect square is 812 = 6561

Hence number to be added to 6412 is

= 812 − 6412
= 6561 − 6412
= 149
The required perfect square is 6412 + 149 = 6561

And 6561 = 81

Q6. Find the length of the side of a square whose area is 441 m2.

Difficulty level: Medium

What is known/given?
Area of the square

What is unknown?
Length of the side of a square

Reasoning:
Since, area of a square is equals to square of its side. The length of the side can be
calculated by finding the square root of the area.

Solution:
Area of the square = side of a square  side of a square
441m2 = (side of a square)2
Side of a square = 441 = 21m

Q7. In a right triangle ABC, ∠ B = 90°.

(i) If AB = 6 cm, BC = 8 cm, find AC
(ii) If AC = 13 cm, BC = 5 cm, find AB

Difficulty level: Medium

What is known/given?
Two sides right triangles

What is unknown?
One side of the given triangle.

Reasoning:
In a right-angle triangle if two sides are given then third side can be calculated using the
Pythagoras theorem.

(i) Solution:
AB = 6 cm, BC = 8 cm, AC =?

According to Pythagoras theorem

AC2 = AB2 + BC2
AC2 = (6)2 + (8)2
AC2 = 100
AC = 100
AC = 10 cm

(ii) Solution:
AC = 13 cm, BC = 5 cm, AB =?
According to Pythagoras theorem
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
(13)2 = AB2 + (5) 2
169 = AB2 + 25
AB2 = 169 − 25 = 144
AB = 144 = 12 cm
Q8. A gardener has 1000 plants. He wants to plant these in such a way that the
number of rows and the number of columns remain same. Find the minimum
number of plants he needs more for this.

Difficulty level: Hard

What is known/given?
Number of plants.

What is unknown?
Minimum number of more plants to make the number of rows and number of columns
same.

Reasoning:
If number of rows and number of columns are equal, then number of plants has to be a
perfect square

Solution:
Number of plants = 1000
The square root of 1000 can be calculated by long division method.

The remainder is 39.

It shows that 312  1000

The square of 32 is 1024

Hence number to be added to 1000 to make it perfect square.

= 322 − 1000
= 1024 − 1000
= 24

Thus, the required number of plants = 24

Q9. There are 500 children in a school. For a P.T. drill they have to stand in such a
manner that the number of rows is equal to number of columns. How many
children would be left out in this arrangement?

Difficulty level: Hard

What is known/given?
Number of children in a school.

What is unknown?
Number of children would be left out in PT drill.

Reasoning:
Here, we have to find the number which should be subtracted from total number of
children to make it a perfect square.

Solution:
Number of children in a school = 500

The square root of 500 can be calculated using long division method.

The remainder is 16. It shows that (22) 2 is less than 500.

Therefore, perfect square can be obtained by subtracting 16 from the given number.
Therefore, required perfect square is
= 500 − 16
= 484

And 484 = 22

Number of children left out in PT drill arrangement = 16