Module 1 Algebra

MODULE 1: ALGEBRA
PREPARED BY: ENGR. JOHN PATRICK ABAD

LEAST COMMON MULTIPLE (LCM)
• Is the smallest counting numbers which is a multiple of each of the given

numbers.
• The LCM is the product of the prime factors with the highest power in the
factorization.
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑏𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝐶ℎ𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑠 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑠ℎ 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 8 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠;
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑏𝑠 𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑠ℎ 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 9 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑏𝑠
𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑠ℎ 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 10 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠. 𝐼𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑦 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟,
𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑦 𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑠ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑙𝑦
𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛?
A. 400
B. 300
C. 720
D. 360
GREATEST COMMON FACTOR (GCF)
• Is the largest counting numbers which a factor of each of the given numbers.
• The GCF is the product of the smallest prime factors common to both.
WHAT IS THE GREATEST COMMON FACTOR OF
324, 666, 756?
A. 15
B. 18
C. 24
D. 36
PROPERTIES OF EXPONENT
LOGARITHM
• The logarithm of number “N” to the base “b” is the exponent or power to
which the base must be raised to obtain “N”.
𝑥
log 𝑏 𝑁 = 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑁 = 𝑏
SPECIAL LOGARITHM
log 𝑒 𝑥 = ln 𝑥
log10 𝑥 = log 𝑥
PROPERTIES OF LOGARITHM
• log 𝑥𝑦 = log 𝑥 + log 𝑦

𝑥
• log 𝑦
= log 𝑥 − log 𝑦
• log 𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑛 log 𝑥
log 𝑥
• log𝑦 𝑥 = log 𝑦
PROPERTIES OF LOGARITHM
• Characteristics – the integral part of a common logarithm

• Mantissa – the non – negative decimal part
𝑊ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑚
40.60
A. -2
B. 4
C. 1
D. -3
𝐼𝑓 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 = 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3 = 𝑦, 𝑤ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑔 1.2
A. 3x – y + 2
B. x + y +1
C. 2x + y -1
D. x + 2y + 1
𝐼𝑓 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 = 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3 = 𝑦, 𝑤ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑔 1.2
A. 3x – y + 2
B. x + y +1
C. 2x + y -1
D. x + 2y + 1
SPECIAL PRODUCTS
3
𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 − 𝑦
A. 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 𝑦 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑦 3
B. 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 𝑦 − 3𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑦 3
C. 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 𝑦 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑦 3
D. 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 𝑦 − 3𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑦 3
3
𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 − 𝑦
A. 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 𝑦 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑦 3
B. 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 𝑦 − 3𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑦 3
C. 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 𝑦 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑦 3
D. 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 𝑦 − 3𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑦 3
BINOMIAL EXPANSION
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑑𝑙𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑥 2 − 5 8
A. 43750𝑥 8
B. 30030𝑥 8
C. 35000𝑥 8
D. 59080𝑥 8
𝑊ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 ሺ𝑥
10 7 3
+ 𝑦ሻ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑥 𝑦
A. 120
B. 140
C. 60
D. 240
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓
9
2
1
2𝑥 +
𝑥
A. 648
B. 672
C. 682
D. 664
𝑊ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓
2𝑥 − 1 20
A. 0
B. 4
C. 1
D. 20
REMAINDER THEOREM
• x = r then f( r ) = Remainder
FACTOR THEOREM
• If f( r ) = 0, then x – r is a factor of f(x)

FIND THE REMAINDER IF 4𝑥 3 + 18𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 − 4
DIVIDED BY 2𝑥 + 3
A. 15
B. 7
C. 9
D. 11
FIND THE VALUE OF K FOR WHICH X + 4 IS A
3 2
FACTOR OF 𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 7𝑥 + 𝑘
EQUATION
• Quadratic Equation: 𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶 = 0
DISCRIMINANT
WHAT ARE THE ROOTS OF THE CUBIC EQUATION?
3
𝑥 – 8𝑥 − 3 = 0

Module 1 Algebra

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MODULE 1: ALGEBRA

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JOHN PATRICK ABAD

• Is the smallest counting numbers which is a multiple of each of the given

• log 𝑥𝑦 = log 𝑥 + log 𝑦

• Characteristics – the integral part of a common logarithm

• If f( r ) = 0, then x – r is a factor of f(x)

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