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Cheatsheets(/) Numerical (index.html)

Python (python-cheatsheet.html)

by QuantEcon Julia (julia-cheatsheet.html)

Statistics (stats-cheatsheet.html)

(https://github.com/QuantEcon/QuantEcon.cheatsheet)

MATLAB–Python–Julia cheatsheet¶

Dependencies and Setup

Creating Vectors
Creating Matrices
Manipulating Vectors and Matrices
Accessing Vector/Matrix Elements
Mathematical Operations
Sum / max / min
Programming

Dependencies and Setup¶

In the Python code we assume that you have already run import numpy as np

In the Julia, we assume you are using v1.0.2 or later with Compat v1.3.0 or later and have run
using LinearAlgebra, Statistics, Compat

Creating Vectors¶

MATLAB PYTHON JULIA

 MATLAB PYTHON JULIA

Row vector: size (1, n)

A = [1 2 3]
A = np.array([1, 2, A = [1 2 3]

3]).reshape(1, 3)

Column vector: size (n, 1)

A = [1; 2; 3]
A = np.array([1, 2, A = [1 2 3]'

3]).reshape(3, 1)

1d array: size (n, )

Not possible A = np.array([1, 2, 3])

A = [1; 2; 3]

or

A = [1, 2, 3]

Integers from j to n with

step size k

A = j:k:n
A = np.arange(j, n+1, k)
A = j:k:n

Linearly spaced vector

of k points

A = linspace(1, 5, k) A = np.linspace(1, 5, k)
A = range(1, 5,

length = k)

Creating Matrices¶

MATLAB PYTHON JULIA

Create a matrix

A = [1 2; 3 4]
A = np.array([[1, 2], [3, A = [1 2; 3 4]

4]])

 MATLAB PYTHON JULIA

2 x 2 matrix of zeros

A = zeros(2, 2)
A = np.zeros((2, 2))
A = zeros(2, 2)

2 x 2 matrix of ones

A = ones(2, 2)
A = np.ones((2, 2))
A = ones(2, 2)

2 x 2 identity matrix

A = eye(2, 2)
A = np.eye(2)
A = I # will adopt

# 2x2 dims if demanded by

# neighboring matrices

Diagonal matrix

A = diag([1 2 3])
A = np.diag([1, 2, 3])
A = Diagonal([1, 2,

3])

Uniform random numbers

A = rand(2, 2)
A = np.random.rand(2, 2)
A = rand(2, 2)

Normal random numbers

A = randn(2, 2)
A = np.random.randn(2, 2)
A = randn(2, 2)

Sparse Matrices

A = sparse(2, 2)
from scipy.sparse import using SparseArrays

A(1, 2) = 4
coo_matrix
A = spzeros(2, 2)

A(2, 2) = 1

A[1, 2] = 4

A = coo_matrix(([4, 1],
A[2, 2] = 1

([0, 1],
[1, 1])),

shape=(2,
2))

 MATLAB PYTHON JULIA

Tridiagonal Matrices

A = [1 2 3 NaN;
import sp.sparse as sp
x = [1, 2, 3]

4 5 6 7;
diagonals = [[4, 5, 6, 7], y = [4, 5, 6, 7]

NaN 8 9 0]
[1, 2, 3], [8, 9, 10]]
z = [8, 9, 10]

spdiags(A',[-1 0 1], 4, 4)
sp.diags(diagonals, [0, -1, Tridiagonal(x, y, z)

2]).toarray()

Manipulating Vectors and Matrices¶

MATLAB PYTHON JULIA

Transpose

A.'
A.T
transpose(A)

Complex conjugate transpose

(Adjoint)

A'
A.conj()
A'

Concatenate horizontally

A = [[1 2] [1 2]]
B = np.array([1, 2])
A = [[1 2] [1 2]]

A = np.hstack((B, B))

or or

A = horzcat([1 2], [1 2])

A = hcat([1 2], [1 2])

Concatenate vertically

A = [[1 2]; [1 2]]

B = np.array([1, 2])
A = [[1 2]; [1 2]]

A = np.vstack((B, B))

or or

A = vertcat([1 2], [1 2])

A = vcat([1 2], [1 2])

 MATLAB PYTHON JULIA

Reshape (to 5 rows, 2 columns)

A = reshape(1:10, 5, 2)
A = A.reshape(5, 2)
A = reshape(1:10, 5, 2)

Convert matrix to vector

A(:)
A = A.flatten()
A[:]

Flip left/right

fliplr(A)
np.fliplr(A)
reverse(A, dims = 2)

Flip up/down

flipud(A)
np.flipud(A)
reverse(A, dims = 1)

Repeat matrix (3 times in the

row dimension, 4 times in the
column dimension)

repmat(A, 3, 4)
np.tile(A, (4, 3))
repeat(A, 3, 4)

Preallocating/Similar

x = rand(10)
x = np.random.rand(3, 3)
x = rand(3, 3)

y = zeros(size(x, 1), y = np.empty_like(x)

y = similar(x)

size(x, 2))

# new dims

# new dims
y = similar(x, 2, 2)

N/A similar type

y = np.empty((2, 3))

 MATLAB PYTHON JULIA

Broadcast a function over a

collection/matrix/vector

f = @(x) x.^2
def f(x):
f(x) = x^2

g = @(x, y) x + 2 + y.^2
return x**2
g(x, y) = x + 2 + y^2

x = 1:10
def g(x, y):
x = 1:10

y = 2:11
return x + 2 + y**2
y = 2:11

f(x)
x = np.arange(1, 10, 1)
f.(x)

g(x, y)
y = np.arange(2, 11, 1)
g.(x, y)

f(x)

Functions broadcast directly

g(x, y)

Functions broadcast directly

Accessing Vector/Matrix Elements¶

MATLAB PYTHON JULIA

 MATLAB PYTHON JULIA

Access one element

A(2, 2)
A[1, 1]
A[2, 2]

Access specific rows

A(1:4, :)
A[0:4, :]
A[1:4, :]

Access specific columns

A(:, 1:4)
A[:, 0:4]
A[:, 1:4]

Remove a row

A([1 2 4], :)
A[[0, 1, 3], :]
A[[1, 2, 4], :]

Diagonals of matrix

diag(A) np.diag(A)
diag(A)

Get dimensions of matrix

[nrow ncol] = size(A) nrow, ncol = np.shape(A)

nrow, ncol = size(A)

Mathematical Operations¶

MATLAB PYTHON JULIA

Dot product

dot(A, B)
np.dot(A, B) or A @ B
dot(A, B)

A ⋅ B # \cdot<TAB>

 MATLAB PYTHON JULIA

Matrix multiplication

A * B
A @ B
A * B

Inplace matrix multiplication

Not possible x = np.array([1, x = [1, 2]

2]).reshape(2, 1)
A = [1 2; 3 4]

A = np.array(([1, 2], [3, y = similar(x)

4]))
mul!(y, A, x)

y = np.empty_like(x)

np.matmul(A, x, y)

Element-wise multiplication

A .* B
A * B
A .* B

Matrix to a power

A^2
np.linalg.matrix_power(A, A^2

2)

Matrix to a power, elementwise

A.^2
A**2
A.^2

Inverse

inv(A)
np.linalg.inv(A)
inv(A)

or or

A^(-1)
A^(-1)

Determinant

det(A)
np.linalg.det(A)
det(A)

 MATLAB PYTHON JULIA

Eigenvalues and eigenvectors

[vec, val] = eig(A)

val, vec = np.linalg.eig(A)
val, vec = eigen(A)

Euclidean norm

norm(A) np.linalg.norm(A)
norm(A)

Solve linear system

Ax = b (when A
is square)

A\b
np.linalg.solve(A, b)
A\b

Solve least squares problem

Ax = b (when A
is rectangular)

A\b
np.linalg.lstsq(A, b)
A\b

Sum / max / min¶

MATLAB PYTHON JULIA

 MATLAB PYTHON JULIA

Sum / max / min of

each column

sum(A, 1)
sum(A, 0)
sum(A, dims = 1)

max(A, [], 1)
np.amax(A, 0)
maximum(A, dims = 1)

min(A, [], 1)
np.amin(A, 0)
minimum(A, dims = 1)

Sum / max / min of each row

sum(A, 2)
sum(A, 1)
sum(A, dims = 2)

max(A, [], 2)
np.amax(A, 1)
maximum(A, dims = 2)

min(A, [], 2)
np.amin(A, 1)
minimum(A, dims = 2)

Sum / max / min of

entire matrix

sum(A(:))
np.sum(A)
sum(A)

max(A(:))
np.amax(A)
maximum(A)

min(A(:))
np.amin(A)
minimum(A)

Cumulative sum / max / min

by row

cumsum(A, 1)
np.cumsum(A, 0)
cumsum(A, dims = 1)

cummax(A, 1)
np.maximum.accumulate(A, 0)
accumulate(max, A, dims =
cummin(A, 1)
np.minimum.accumulate(A, 0)
1)

accumulate(min, A, dims =
1)

Cumulative sum / max / min

by column

cumsum(A, 2)
np.cumsum(A, 1)
cumsum(A, dims = 2)

cummax(A, 2)
np.maximum.accumulate(A, 1)
accumulate(max, A, dims =
cummin(A, 2)
np.minimum.accumulate(A, 1)
2)

accumulate(min, A, dims =
2)

Programming¶
 MATLAB PYTHON JULIA

Comment one line

% This is a comment
# This is a comment
# This is a comment

Comment block

%{
# Block
#=

Comment block
# comment
Comment block

%}
# following PEP8
=#

For loop

for i = 1:N
for i in range(n):
for i in 1:N

% do something
# do something
# do something

end
end

While loop

while i <= N
while i <= N:
while i <= N

% do something
# do something
# do something

end
end

If

if i <= N
if i <= N:
if i <= N

% do something
# do something
# do something

end
end

If / else

if i <= N
if i <= N:
if i <= N

% do something
# do something
# do something

else
else:
else

% do something else
# so something else
# do something else

end
end

 MATLAB PYTHON JULIA

Print text and variable

x = 10
x = 10
x = 10

fprintf('x = %d \n', x)
print(f'x = {x}')
println("x = $x")

Function: anonymous

f = @(x) x^2
f = lambda x: x**2
f = x -> x^2

# can be rebound

Function

function out = f(x)

def f(x):
function f(x)

out = x^2
return x**2
return x^2

end
end

f(x) = x^2 # not anon!

Tuples

t = {1 2.0 "test"}
t = (1, 2.0, "test")
t = (1, 2.0, "test")

t{1}
t[0]
t[1]

Can use cells but watch

performance

Named Tuples/
Anonymous Structures

m.x = 1
from collections import # vanilla

m.y = 2
namedtuple
m = (x = 1, y = 2)

m.x

m.x
mdef = namedtuple('m', 'x
y')
# constructor

m = mdef(1, 2)
using Parameters

mdef = @with_kw (x=1, y=2)

m.x
m = mdef() # same as above

m = mdef(x = 3)

 MATLAB PYTHON JULIA

Closures

a = 2.0 a = 2.0
a = 2.0

f = @(x) a + x
def f(x):
f(x) = a + x

f(1.0)
return a + x
f(1.0)

f(1.0)

Inplace Modification

No consistent or simple syntax

to achieve this def f(x):

(https://blogs.mathworks.com/loren/2007/03/22/in- x **=2

return

place-operations-on-data/)
x = np.random.rand(10)

f(x)

function f!(out, x)

out .= x.^2

end

x = rand(10)

y = similar(x)

f!(y, x)

Credits
This cheat sheet was created by Victoria Gregory (https://github.com/vgregory757), Andrij Stachurski (http://drdrij.com/),
Natasha Watkins (https://github.com/natashawatkins) and other collaborators on behalf of QuantEcon
(http://quantecon.org/).

© Copyright 2017 QuantEcon (https://quantecon.org)

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