Example of Subject and Predicate: -  For - a more formal word for because, this shows a result- cause

relationship between two independent clauses. It shows logical

1. Science develops through objective analysis. consequence; it has the same meaning as because, the reason why
Subject: Science  And - shows the addition of two positive ideas. It has the same
Predicate: develops through objective analysis. meaning as in addition, along with, moreover, furthermore
2. The climate of Ethiopia varies mainly according to elevation.  Nor - shows equality of two negative ideas. It shows an addition of a
Subject: The climate of Ethiopia negative point (Note: you must reverse the normal subject- verb
Predicate: varies mainly according to elevation positions in the second clause when using nor).
3. The tallest girl in our class is also the cleverest one.  But - shows opposition or contrast between two ideas. It has the
Subject: The tallest girl in our class same meaning as however, except, on the other hand
Predicate: is also the cleverest one  Or - shows alternatives or choices
Example: - Complete Predicate  Yet - shows opposition; also shows emphasis (a stronger but)
 Solomon is walking. (The sentence has a simple predicate.)  So - shows cause and effect relationship. It has the same meaning as
 Solomon is walking slowly towards home. (Complete predicate.) therefore, as a result. X happened, so Y happened.
Example: - Compound subject Examples
 Aster and her mother went to market. 1. Azeb studied hard, so she scored a good grade.
 Ethiopia and Eritrea made peace after 20 years. 2. You must come early, or you will miss the bus.
 Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are called the inner planets of the 3. The driver couldn’t control the speed of the car, for the brake was
solar system. not working.
 Cats and dogs are nice pets. 4. The patient didn’t eat his dinner, nor did he eat his lunch.
Compound predicate When the predicate of a sentence is composed 5. She studied hard, but she failed the examination.
of two or more simple predicates. 6. Every summer I go to Addis Ababa, and I visit my grandfather.
Examples: - I. Simple Sentences Two or more simple sentences can be rewritten to
 Martha went market and bought TV. form a longer simple sentence,
 He lives and works in the USA. Example: Tadi has a jacket. It is new. It is leather. It is brown.
 I started and finished the job. These four sentences can be combined to make a single
1. A declarative sentence A declarative sentence always ends with a simple sentence: Tadi has a new brown leather jacket.
period (.). II. Compound Sentences Two or more simple sentences (independent
Examples declarative sentence clauses) can also be combined to form a compound sentence.
 Kalema’s children are living in Arbaminch. For example:
 I would rather not cook tonight. David went fishing. He caught four fish.
 I would like to be a nuclear physicist. These two sentences can be combined to make a single compound
2. An interrogative sentence asks a question. Such sentences always sentence:
end with a question mark (?). David went fishing, and he caught four fish
examples. They could be joined with a comma and a conjunction; however,
 Did you finish your math assignment? using a semicolon emphasizes how closely the ideas are related and
 Why is the sky blue? gives a much stronger sentence.
 Will you marry me? Example: -
3. An imperative sentence is used to give an order or a command. A I fell down the stairs; I broke my glasses. (compound sentence)
period usually ends an imperative sentence. You could also join them with a co-ordinate conjunction. Notice that
examples. they are two separate events: one is not necessarily the result of the
 Leave me alone. other.
 Stand up. I fell down the stairs, and I broke my glasses. (compound sentence)
 Please, sit down. Indeed, you could also join them with a subordinate conjunction. The
subordinate conjunction clearly states that one is the result of the
 Go away.
other.
4. An exclamatory sentence usually ends with an exclamation mark
I fell down the stairs because I broke my glasses. (complex sentence)
(!).
III. Complex Sentences Two, or more, simple sentences can also be
 What a party we had last night!
combined to form a complex sentence.
 I can't believe you're late again! Examples: -
 What a wonderful goal that was! David went fishing. He went fishing at the dam. He went fishing at
Examples of compound sentence the dam.
 Mahelet is eating her lunch at her desk today. (An independent These three simple sentences could be combined to make a longer
clause) simple sentence.
 Abel is going to the cafeteria. (An independent clause) He caught four fish at the dame.
 These two simple sentences can be combined into one longer sentence He went fishing at the dam and caught for fish.
by using one of the coordinate conjunctions, and, but, or, nor, for, IV. Compound complex sentences require a minimum of three clauses:
yet, so two independent and one dependent.
 Mahelet is eating her lunch at her desk today, but Abel is going to the Compound complex sentences do not have to be long sentences.
cafeteria. The tooth which he pulled was rotten, so now I can chew.
 Notice that the word order may change a little to accommodate the Examples: -
correlative conjunction. The tooth which he pulled was rotten, so now I can chew.
 Not only have I lost my wallet, but also I cannot find my car keys. Geremew cleared the hurdle which the others had missed, and he
 Either Lisa will get a job, or she will move to Fredericton. won the race.
 Not many people liked the plan, nor did they remain silent about it. After Betty got sick, Foziya did the shopping and Seid cooked.
The most commonly used coordinating conjunctions which are
used in writing are the following.