IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

PAPER • OPEN ACCESS You may also like

- A Study of Handling of Living Mammalian
Design of automated medicine vending machine Cells Using a Piezoelectric Dispensing
Head
using mechatronics techniques Seiya Takahashi and Yoshiro Tomikawa

- Design and performance evaluation of a

new jetting dispenser system using two
To cite this article: A Brolin et al 2018 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 402 012044 piezostack actuators
Juncheol Jeon, Seung-Min Hong, Minkyu
Choi et al.

- Development of a valve-based cell printer

for the formation of human embryonic
View the article online for updates and enhancements. stem cell spheroid aggregates
Alan Faulkner-Jones, Sebastian
Greenhough, Jason A King et al.

This content was downloaded from IP address 103.88.182.2 on 31/08/2023 at 07:28

2nd International conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering (ICAME 2018) IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 402 (2018) 012044 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/402/1/012044
1234567890‘’“”

Design of automated medicine vending machine using

mechatronics techniques

A Brolin1*, R Mithun2, V Gokulnath3 and M Harivishanth4

1,2,3,4
UG scholar, Department of mechanical engineering, A.C. Govt College of
Engineering and Technology, Karaikudi, Tamilnadu, India.

*corresponding author: abrolin65@gmail.com

Abstract. An automatic medicine vending machine with a self-contained on-site pill

dispensing mechanism and a storage facility for the plurality of pills that can be dispensed
based on the user requirement. Major components of the machine are, a scanner to take the
input from user, a system that includes servo motors for dispensing the medication, large
storage space to store the pills, sensors to detect the motion of pills, an inventory monitoring
system to keep track of the storage, an industrial standard vertical foam fill machine to pack
the medication separately and a non-contact laser inkjet printer to print the description which
includes the time at which the medicine must be taken. The inventory monitoring system also
keeps track of the expiry date of each batch of medicine and sends alert to refill the storage
when the pills run out. It also holds an inbuilt system to receive money from the user for the
drugs that are dispensed. All these systems are monitored by a central microprocessor, which is
programmed to receive input from the user via the scanner and to actuate and control all the
necessary components required to dispense the medication requested by the user. The machine
can be viewed as an automated pharmacy placed on a commercial scale so that infinite number
of user will be able to access it anytime.

1. Introduction:

1.1 Field of invention:

The present invention relates to automatic medicine vending machine, in particular to a machine
that has the capability to dynamically receive input for the user and then dispense the required type of
medicine. The input, here means, the prescription by the physician to the user. The system features a
machine that is capable of handling a complete range of prescription.

1.2 Background of invention:

The growing modern age has also brought with it the dawn of the age of numerous types of diseases.
The use of medicine to maintain and regain physical and mental health has been growing at a rapid
pace. The doctors prescribe different type of medicine for one particular type of illness. Today it has
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution
of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd 1
2nd International conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering (ICAME 2018) IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 402 (2018) 012044 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/402/1/012044
1234567890‘’“”

become common for a person to take at least one type of pill at regular interval each day [1]. A
statistical survey shows that about 21% patients never follow their prescription and 6% patients is not
capable of identifying their own medicines. In extreme cases, between 12 and 20% take medicines of
other patients [2]. But in case of the elderly people the scenario is awful. They take numerous number
of pills at one particular time of the day to maintain their health. Therefore, confusion can arise both
concerning the schedule and whether or not the medication has been taken.
This problem has been addressed by a number of personal pill dispensing machine in related art.
Wherein the dispenser in preloaded with the medicine to be taken and is programmed to dispense the
medication at a particular time of the day and alert the user to take the pills. Sometime, improper
loading of the medication can cause some dosage issues. Improper medication is reported to be the
most common reason why some patients do not respond properly to medical treatment. Patients
sometimes forget to take the pill at a particular time and then try to ‘catch up’ by taking more than
prescribed dosage [3]. It becomes difficult to remember when to take the medication when different
types of pills are required to be taken at different times. Elderly people frequently do not have
sufficient mental alertness to keep track of the frequencies and dosages of their various medicines over
a sustained period of time [3].
Not only elderly people but also the people who go to work have this problem due to external factor
like work pressure. It is not possible for them to carry a medicine dispenser with them. Even if they
carry all the medicine strips with them, there is good chance that they might forget which pill to take at
the particular time.

2. Design of the machine

Figure 1. User side of the Figure 2. Inside the machine

machine

The design is based on simplicity and the utilizations of low cost materials and components that can
be easily available [4]. Figure 1 and 2 shows the major components of the preferred embodiment which
includes a major housing that hold within it the central micro controller, a scanner that takes the input
from the user; storage space that houses small containers where all the different type of drugs are
stored; a conveyor series that takes the pill form storage to packing region; a small size industrial
standard vertical foam fill packing machine; a dispatch area for the user to receive the packed
medicine.

2
2nd International conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering (ICAME 2018) IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 402 (2018) 012044 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/402/1/012044
1234567890‘’“”

2.1 Design of the user interface:

Referring now to figure 1, the user interface is ergonomically designed so that even the least of the
untaught people will be able to easily access the facility on their own. The user has to put the printed
prescription in the small slot like space provided. The slot contains an inbuilt barcode scanner that can
read the prescription. The prescription mentioned here is different from the customary practice of
written prescription. The prescription is in printed format containing the relevant barcodes of the
medicine and the dosage being recommended. The prescription is prepared using a special computer
application that is specifically designed to get the name of the medicine from the physician and then
the barcode is automatically put in the respective space in the prescription with the help of an offline
database that contains all the barcodes of the medicines available in the market.
The user need to manually input the time of the day in which the medicine is being prescribed. For
example, a particular pill may be prescribed to be taken in the morning and afternoon and another may
be prescribed to be taken only at night. After these information are given, the user can view the total
amount of the medication for a single day. Then the user is prompted to enter the number of days he
desires to buy the medication. At last the grand total for the entire medication is displayed.
A money transfer system is provided to receive money from the user for the medicine via a debit or
a credit card. The user is prompted to enter in the details and accepts the terms of the payment to be
made. Once the payment process is complete, the user receives a printed description of the detail of the
money transfer made. Then the controller signals the packing mechanism to start the packing of the
required pill(s).

2.2 Design of storage space:

Figure 3. Isometric view of Figure 4. Design of a receptacle

storage rack

3
2nd International conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering (ICAME 2018) IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 402 (2018) 012044 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/402/1/012044
1234567890‘’“”

Figure 5. Cross sectional view of the receptacle

Referring now to figure 3 and 4, the storage space contains a number of receptacles. Each
receptacle is divided into ten individual compartments to contain different type of pills. The divisions
are cylindrical with an oblique bottom. All these container are made air tight to avoid the reaction of
pills with the moist air or being contaminated by dust. Figure 5 shows that each division is provide
with a unique servo attached to a carousel at the bottom. An infrared slot sensor is placed beside the
servo to detect dispensing of pill. The carousel is used to pick an individual pill [5] to be packed with
other pill that is to be taken at the particular time as per the prescription.
When the receptacles are loaded with new batch of pills, the inventory is updated manually by the
person who is refilling. Also the expiry date of the particular batch is updated. The main controller
keeps track of the inventory with the help of signals from the infrared slot sensor.
Medicines that are more frequently used by people are stored in more than one division to ensure
that the pill doesn’t run out of inventory very soon. The feed chute that take the pills from receptacle to
the packing section are sealed tightly to avoid being contaminated by the atmosphere and to maintain
the purity of pills while moving out of the storage.

2.3 Design of pill singulation system:

The pills are put into the receptacle as a whole bunch. So there is need to isolate one pill from the
plurality of pills in the container. The servo motor placed at the bottom of each division of receptacle
does the work.
Each division of the receptacle is angled upward from the upper mouth, so that the pill dispensing
end is positioned above the input end. In this fashion, the pills that are fed through the chute move
upward against gravity [6]. This oblique bottom wall helps to centralize the pill. The pill dispensing
mechanism is rotationally controlled using the servo motor by the main controller.
The carousal at the bottom has two small slots that are 180° apart at the periphery of the circular
disc that is attached to the servo motor. This slot in the disc helps in singulation of the pill. When the
servo motor is signaled to rotate, the slot picks up only one pill and rotates along with the carousal. A
small hole is placed at the bottom of the division just a little below the carousal. When the slot and the
hole match, the pill is dropped to the feed chute which eventually leads to the packing section. The
number of slot can be increased to reduce the operating time and increase efficiency.

4
2nd International conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering (ICAME 2018) IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 402 (2018) 012044 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/402/1/012044
1234567890‘’“”

The infrared slot sensor placed adjacent to the servo motor makes sure that one pill is dropped per
half rotation of the carousal disc. The signal from the sensor is used to activate the packing
mechanism, track the flow of pill and is also used to maintain inventory of medicines.
Dust builds up in the sensor over a long working period. Thus maintenance and cleaning of the
storage is necessary to assure accurate pill count and equipment life is an economically important
consideration [6].

2.4 Description of packing system:

Figure 6. Vertical foam fill machine with non

contact laser printer

Referring now to figure 5 and 6, the pill is taken from the receptacle to the packing area through the
feed chute. The medication is packed in an aluminum foil bag using an inbuilt smaller version of an
industrial standard vertical foam fill machine. The machine is loaded with aluminum foil roll which is
used for blister packing in pharmaceutical industry. Aluminum foil's keep out moisture,
microorganisms, light, oxygen and other gases. Thus making it a primary material in the protective
packaging of pharmaceuticals. The pills are made to fall through the opening into the bag for packing.
The foil is fed into the packing machine and the pills are packed one batch at a time. Batch, here
refers to the set of tablets that are to be taken at a particular time of the day. As the packing process
continues, a non-contact laser inkjet printer prints all the necessary descriptions like the expiry date of
each pill in the bag and the time at which the medication is to be taken by the user.

5
2nd International conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering (ICAME 2018) IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 402 (2018) 012044 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/402/1/012044
1234567890‘’“”

3. Brief of the entire operation of the machine:

Figure 7. Total assembly of the machine Figure 8. Side view of the assembly

Referring now to figure 7 and 8, the user is requested to insert the printed prescription provided by
the physician into the slot provided. Some of the sensitive medicines are not to be legally provided to
the user without a doctor’s prescription. Another option can be included in the user interface to allow
for the user to take some of the commonly and ‘not very sensitive’ medicines from the vending
machine without a doctor’s prescription in emergency cases. The scanner which is inbuilt in the slot
scans the printed prescription for the barcode corresponding to the medicines. The medicine details are
then displayed on the screen.
The user need to manually input the time of the day in which the medicine is being prescribed.
After these information are given, the user can view the total amount of the medication for a single
day. Then the user is prompted to enter the number of days he desires to buy the medication. At last
the grand total for the entire medication is displayed. After this the user is requested to pay the money
for the medication. Only then the dispensing function will begin.
The micro controller is programmed to group all the pills in timely basis i.e. all the pills that are to
be taken in the morning is grouped. Then the specific pill is picked by the carousal as per the request.
The pills fall on the feed chute and then to the conveyor via a slot provided in the storage rack. The
guide placed in the conveyor guides the pills to fall into the funnel that puts the pills inside the
aluminum foil bag. Then these pills are packed in an individual aluminum foil bag. This type of
packing aids in neglecting confusion to the user. Also a brief description of the medication in the bag
is printed by the non-contact inkjet printer. This process is carried out till all the necessary pills have
be packed.
Once the process is over, the dispatching door is signaled by the micro controller to open through
which the user can take the medicine that is packed as per the request.
4. Future developments and scope of invention:
The working scope of afore described vending machine can be further improved by expanding the
database adding more functionality. The controller’s capacity can be increased and it can be
programmed to work like a doctor. That is, the machine will be able to take all the vitals like the body

6
2nd International conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering (ICAME 2018) IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 402 (2018) 012044 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/402/1/012044
1234567890‘’“”

temperature, blood pressure and other necessary details from the patient through the sensors interfaced
with the machine.
Then the patient is prompted to input the symptoms that he is experiencing through multiple
choices displayed on the screen. The program must be capable of computing and inter relating the
various symptoms to one illness. Then based on the age of the patient that was received earlier, the
dosage for the person will be recommended.
5.References:
[1] James Lim 2014, Programmable automatic pill dispenser, United Staes Patent ,1(12).
[2] Boquete L, Rodriguez Ascariz J M, Artacho I, Cantos Frontela J, Peixoto N 2010 Dynamically
programmable electronic pill dispenser system,Journal of Medical Systems.34,357–366
[3] Lewis et al 2007, Automatic pll dispenser and method of administering medical pills, United
States Patent.
[4] Ahadani M A, De Silva L C, Petra I, Hameed M F A, & Wong T S, Low cost robotic medicine
dispenser. Procedia Engineering.41, 202–209.
[5] Topliffe et al 1992, Bulk medication dispenser and monitoring device (12) United States
Patent.
[6] Balasubramanian et al 2012 , Apparatus for counting and dispensing pills using multi-stage ill
singulation, united States Patent.