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Python Lesson 2

Python variables can be created simply by assigning a value to them without declaration. Variables can hold different data types and those types can change. Variable names are case-sensitive and have certain naming conventions. Variables can be assigned and unpacked in multiple ways. Global variables defined outside functions can be accessed within functions, while local variables defined inside functions are only accessible within the function.

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96 views

Python Lesson 2

Python variables can be created simply by assigning a value to them without declaration. Variables can hold different data types and those types can change. Variable names are case-sensitive and have certain naming conventions. Variables can be assigned and unpacked in multiple ways. Global variables defined outside functions can be accessed within functions, while local variables defined inside functions are only accessible within the function.

Uploaded by

ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Python From Scratch

Python Variables
Lesson 2 Content
• Python Variables
• Creating Variables
• Casting
• Get the Type
• Single or Double Quotes?
• Case-Sensitive
• Python Variable Names
➢ Camel Case
➢ Pascal Case
➢ Snake Case
• Python Assign Multiple Values
• Python Output Variables
• Python Global Variables
• Python Variable Exercises
Python Variables
In Python, variables are created when you assign a value to it:
Example
Variables in Python:
x = 5
y = "Hello, World!" Python has no command for declaring a variable.

Variables are containers for storing data values.


Creating Variables
Python has no command for declaring a variable.
• A variable is created the moment you first • Variables do not need to be declared with any
assign a value to it. particular type, and can even change type after
Example they have been set.
x = 5 Example
y = "John" x = 4 # x is of type int
print(x) x = "Sally" # x is now of type str
print(y) print(x)
Casting
• If you want to specify the data type of a variable, this can be done with casting.
Example
x = str(3) # x will be '3'
y = int(3) # y will be 3
z = float(3) # z will be 3.0
Get the Type
You can get the data type of a variable with the type() function.
Example
x = 5
y = "John"
print(type(x))
print(type(y))
Single or Double Quotes?
String variables can be declared either by using single or double quotes:
Example
x = "John"
# is the same as
x = 'John'
Case-Sensitive
Variable names are case-sensitive.
Example
This will create two variables:
a = 4
A = "Sally"
#A will not overwrite a
Python Variable Names
A variable can have a short name (like x and y) or a more descriptive name (age, carname,
total_volume). Rules for Python variables:
• A variable name must start with a letter or the underscore character
• A variable name cannot start with a number
• A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and underscores (A-z, 0-9, and _ )
• Variable names are case-sensitive (age, Age and AGE are three different variables)
Example
Legal variable names: Illegal variable names:
myvar = "John" 2myvar = "John"
my_var = "John" my-var = "John"
myVar = "John" my var = "John"
MYVAR = "John"
myvar2 = "John"

Remember that variable names are case-sensitive


Variable names with more than one word can be difficult to read.
There are several techniques you can use to make them more readable:
• Camel Case
• Pascal Case
• Snake Case
Camel Case Pascal Case Snake Case
Each word, except the first, Each word starts with Each word is separated by
starts with a capital letter: a capital letter: an underscore character:
myVariableName = "John" MyVariableName = "John" my_variable_name = "John"
Python Variables - Assign Multiple Values
Many Values to Multiple Variables
Python allows you to assign values to multiple variables in one line:
Example x, y, z = "Orange", "Banana", "Cherry"
print(x)
print(y)
print(z)
Note: Make sure the number of variables matches the number of values, or else you will get an error.
One Value to Multiple Variables
And you can assign the same value to multiple variables in one line:
Example x = y = z = "Orange"
print(x)
print(y)
print(z)
Unpack a Collection
If you have a collection of values in a list, tuple etc. Python allows you to extract the values into
variables. This is called unpacking.
Example fruits =
Unpack a list: ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
x, y, z = fruits
print(x)
print(y)
print(z)

Python Output Variables


Output Variables
The Python print() function is often used to output variables.
Example x = "Python is awesome"
print(x)
• In the print() function, you output multiple variables, separated by a comma:
Example x = "Python"
y = "is"
z = "awesome"
print(x, y, z)
• You can also use the + operator to output multiple variables:
Example x = "Python "
y = "is "
z = "awesome"
print(x + y + z)

Notice the space character after "Python " and "is ", without them the result would be
"Pythonisawesome".
• For numbers, the + character works as a mathematical operator:
Example x = 5
y = 10
print(x + y)
• In the print() function, when you try to combine a string and a number with the + operator, Python
will give you an error:
Example x = 5
y = "John"
print(x + y)
• The best way to output multiple variables in the print() function is to separate them with commas,
which even support different data types:
Example x = 5
y = "John"
print(x, y)
Python - Global Variables
Global Variables
Variables that are created outside of a function (as in all of the examples above) are known as global
variables.

Global variables can be used by everyone, both inside of functions and outside.
Example

Create a variable outside of a function, and use it inside the function

x = "awesome"
def myfunc():
print("Python is " + x)
myfunc()

• If you create a variable with the same name inside a function, this variable will be local, and can
only be used inside the function. The global variable with the same name will remain as it was,
global and with the original value.
Example

Create a variable inside a function, with the same name as the global variable

x = "awesome"
def myfunc():
x = "fantastic"
print("Python is " + x)
myfunc()
print("Python is " + x)
The global Keyword

Normally, when you create a variable inside a function, that variable is local, and can only be used
inside that function.

To create a global variable inside a function, you can use the global keyword.
Example
If you use the global keyword, the variable belongs to the global scope:

def myfunc():
global x
x = "fantastic"
myfunc()
print("Python is " + x)

• Also, use the global keyword if you want to change a global variable inside a function.
Example
To change the value of a global variable inside a function, refer to the variable by using
the global keyword:

x = "awesome"
def myfunc():
global x
x = "fantastic"
myfunc()
print("Python is " + x)

Python Variable Exercises


Test Yourself With Exercises

Now you have learned a lot about variables, and how to use them in Python.

Are you ready for a test?

Try to insert the missing part to make the code work as expected:

Exercise:

Create a variable named carname and assign the value Volvo to it.

= " "

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