Table of Contents

Earthquake Hazard……………………………………....1

Volcano-related Hazard……………………………….3

Geological Hazard………………………………..........5

Hydro meteorological Hazard……………………….7

Fire Hazard…………………………………………………….9

Fire Hazard and Evacuation Plan………………….11

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 Earthquake Hazard
Ground Rupture- deformation on the ground that marks, the
intersection of the fault with the earth’s surface.
Effects: fissuring, displacement of the ground due to movement
of the fault.
Ground Shaking- disruptive up, down, and sideways vibration of
the ground during an earthquake.
Effects- ground shaking are damage or collapse of structure;
may consequently cause hazard such as liquefaction and
landslide.
Liquefaction-phenomenon wherein sediments, especially near
bodies of water, behave like liquid like a quicksand.
Effects: sinking and/or tilting of structure above it; sand boil;
fissuring.
Earthquake-Induce Landslide-down slope movements of rocks,
solid and other debris commonly triggered by strong shaking.
Effects: erosion; burial and blockage of roads and rivers.
Tsunami – series of waves caused commonly by and earthquake.

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 What to do?
Before During After
 Make sure you  Do not panic,  Check yourself
have a fire stay calm and from injuries
extinguisher, relax. and your family
first aid kit, a  Do the drop,  Listen to
battery-powered cover, and hold. authorities if it is
radio, a  Remain where already safe to
flashlight, and you are until go home.
extra batteries shaking stops.  Turn on the
at home. Think out your radio and listen
 Identify safe plan of action for emergency
areas near your first, then move. and instructions.
house.  Turn off gas  Be prepared
 Make sure you and electricity. for aftershocks.
have an  Stay indoors.
emergency
number on your
phone.

Volcano-related Hazard
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Lava flows- are flows of magma extruded onto the surface
of a volcano.
Pyroclastic flow- are hot density current’s consisting of
mixtures of rock debris and hot or cold water.
Lahars-are a Javanese word for a type of volcanic mudflow
made up of volcanic debris and hot or cold water.
Ash fall-volcanic ash that has fallen through the air from an
eruption cloud, a deposit so formed is usually well sorted
and layered.
Volcanic bomb- volcanic bomb is formed when a volcanic
ejects viscous fragments of lava during an eruption and can
be thrown many meters to kilometer from an erupting
vent.
Volcanic Gas- volcanic gases are composed mainly of water,
carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide.
Ballistic Projectiles – are fragments of solid (blocks)or fluid
(bombs) material ejected during the range of magmatic
eruption.

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 What to do?
Before During After
 Build a  Stay calm  Listen to
durable house and do not authorities to
and must 6km panic! find out when
away from the  Always it is safe to
volcano. stay with your return home.
 Keep on family.  Stay
emergency  Follow indoors until
hotlines. evacuation authorities say
 Get orders from it is safe to go
local outside.
necessary
authorities.  Check for
supplies in
Evacuate injuries to
advance,
early. your family
including
 Avoid and to
nonperishable
driving in yourself.
food.
heavy ash fall.  Turn on
 Learn first  Cover your radio for more
aid.
nose and updates.
mouth with
mask.
Geological Hazard
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Earthquake-an earthquake is a weak to violent shaking of
the ground produced by the sudden movement of rock
materials below the earth’s surface.
Sink holes- a sink hole is a depression in the ground that
has no natural external surface drainage.
Volcanic Eruption- a volcanic eruption is when gas and/or
lava are released from a volcano-sometimes explosively.
Landslide- the mass movement of rock, debris or earth
down a slope is known as Landslide and it often takes place
in conjunctions with earthquakes, floods, and volcanoes.
Tsunamis-tsunamis are giant waves caused by earthquakes
or volcanic eruptions under the sea.
Geological Hazards are caused by natural process and
events that occur within the earth’s crust.

What to do?
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 Before During After
 Check the  Stay calm if  Check for
location of you are injuries.
your house if indoors stay  Stay out of
what type of inside. If you damage
geological are outside buildings.
hazard may stay outside.  Report any
occur.  Follow the damage to
 Make up a instructions of your proper
plan of where civil defense infrastructure,
to meet your officials and or utilities to
family after an other the
earthquake. authorities. appropriate
 Keep a list  Stay away authorities or
of emergency from windows emergency
phone and heavy services.
numbers. objectives.  Turn on
 Do not  If driving the radio for
news.
leave heavy stop safely as
objects on soon as
shelves. possible.
Hydro meteorological Hazard
6
Typhoon - a typhoon is a tropical cyclone that develops between
180 degrees and 100 degrees E in the Northern Hemisphere.
Flash Flood - a flood caused by heavy or exceed rainfall in a short
period of time, generally less than 6 hours.
Flooding - typically occurs when prolonged rain falls over several
days, when intense rain falls over a short period of time, or when
an ice or debris jam causes a river or stream to overflow onto the
surrounding area.
El Niño- el Niño (warm phase of ENSO) is characterized by
unusually warmer than average sea surface temperatures at the
central and eastern equatorial Pacific.
La Nina – la Nina is a climate pattern that describes the cooling
of surface-ocean waters along the tropical west coast of South
America.
Storm Surges- storm surges are an abnormal rise of water
generated by a storm, over and above the predicted
astronomical tides.
Thunderstorm – a rain-bearing cloud that also produces lighting.

What to do?
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 Before During After
 Discuss  If you are  Check
your plan to on area being yourself and
your family directly hit by your family
and let them the hazard, members if
be aware. stay indoors as there are
 Keep some much as injuries.
emergency possible.  Turn on
numbers to  Closely the radio for
your phone. monitor more updates.
 Strengthen weather  Listen to
reports for
and improve authorities if it
updated
existing early is already safe
information.
warning. to go home.
 Always
 Frequently stay with your
 Check gas,
listen to the water, and
family and
weather electrical gas
secure them.
reports. for any
damage.

Fire Hazard
8
Electrical Hazard – the following hazard are the most
frequent cause of electrical injuries: contact with power
lines, lack of ground-fault protection, path to ground
missing or discontinuous, equipment not used in manner-
prescribed, and improper use of extension and flexible
cords.
Flammable materials- are the ones that are ignited or flame
immediately when contacting with fire or high temperature
in the air and continue to burn or slightly flame when
leaving fire, such as plywood, fiberboard, wood, and foil.
Heating Equipment- heating equipment means any
equipment designed used and intended to be used to
supply heat for a structure.
Cooking and Kitchen Hazard- common risk in the kitchen is
gas tank leaking.
Smoking- cigarette and smoking related fires are among the
top causes of the fire related fatalities. These fires often
involve the ignition of mattresses, bedding, upholstered
furniture or trash by improperly discarded cigarettes, ashes
or matches.
What to do?
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 Before During After
 Make sure  Stay alert  Check
everyone and aware for yourself and
knows where evacuation your family if
the fire exit is. instructions there are
 Educate from your injuries.
your family local law and  Return
members fire officials. home only
about fire  Remain when
hazard. calm and authorities
 Ensure evacuate deem it is safe.
everyone immediately.  Continue
knows to call  Crawl to check in
emergency under low with news
hotlines. smoke. updates for
 Teach your  Use fire information
family about extinguisher if about the fire.
fire prevention trained and its  Begin to
and safety. safe. restoration
process.
Fire and Evacuation Plan Hazard

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 This is for the fulfillment
Of our project in
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction
(Grade 11)
School Year 2022-2023.

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