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Science
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Volcanoes, Earthquakes, and
Mountain Ranges

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 Lesson
Volcanoes, Earthquakes,
1 and Mountain Ranges

What’s In

Our country is part of the Pacific Ring of Fire. Thus, we often experience
earthquakes, and we are home to many majestic but terrible volcanoes. These topics
were discussed in Grade 8 and 9 Science.
Directions: Do you still remember your discussions during your Grade 6, 8, and 9
about volcanoes and earthquakes? You need to recall important words related to
volcanoes and earthquakes that will be used in this module. Below is a vocabulary
word list with missing letters. Read the definition on the left side to complete each
word on the right side. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Definition Vocabulary Word
1. A volcano with accounts of eruption documented 1. A_T_V_ VO_C_NO
within 10,000 years (2 words)
2. A big body of land on the globe 2. _O_ _IN_ _T
3. A vibration of Earth due to the rapid release of 3. E_ _T_ _U_KE
energy
4. The location on the Earth's surface directly above 4. _PI_ _N_ _R
the focus of an earthquake
5. The exact site of the origin of an earthquake, below 5. F_C_ _
the epicenter
6. The liquid rock below the Earth's surface 6. _A_MA
7. A landmass that projects well above its 7. M_U_TA_ _
surroundings; higher than a hill
8. A chain of mountains (2 words) 8. _OU_TA_N R_N_E
9. Earthquake waves (2 words) 9. _E_SM_C W_V_S
10. The first type of seismic wave to be recorded in a 10. P_IM_RY _A_ _
seismic station, these compression waves are the
fastest and travel through solids, liquids, and gases
(2 words)
11. The second type of earthquake wave to be recorded 11. _E_ _ND_ R_ WAVE
in a seismic station; these shearing waves are
stronger than P-waves, but only move through
solids (2 words)
12. The graphical record of an earthquake 12. _E_S_OG_A_

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 13. A measuring instrument for detecting and 13. S_I_ _O_RA_H
measuring the intensity and direction and duration
of movements of an earthquake
14. A Japanese term for “big wave in the port;” 14. _S_NA_I
generated during undersea quakes
15. A mountain or hill, typically conical, having a 15. _OL_ANO
crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments,
hot vapor and gas is being or have been erupted
from the earth's crust

How many words do you remember? You may refer back to these pages when you
want to recall the definition of the listed terms.
Our Earth has four layers consisting of different materials, namely, crust,
mantle, inner, and outer core. For this module, we will focus on the lithosphere which
is composed of the crust and the upper mantle.
The lithosphere is said to be in constant but very slow motion. These motions
are not the same everywhere. This movement of the lithosphere is called tectonics.
According to the Plate Tectonics Theory, the entire lithosphere of the Earth is
broken into numerous segments called plates (see Figure 1). The arrows show the
direction of the plate movement and the other lines are the fault lines.

Figure 1. Moving Plates of the Earth

Do you notice in Figure 1 that there are seven relatively large plates and several
smaller ones, including the Philippine plate? Can you remember all their names?
Please do the activity below to see how these plates relate to earthquakes, volcanism,
and mountain formation.

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 What’s More

You proved the worldwide evidence of Plate Tectonics with our earlier activity.
Here are some enrichment activities for you to work on to strengthen the basic
concepts you have learned from our mini-lesson and to validate your observations in
the activity part.

1. Answer the following questions:

a. Using the map in Figure 2, which volcanoes are familiar to you? Why?
___________________________________________________________________________
b. Why is this area called the Pacific Ring of Fire? _____________________________

Figure 2. Active Volcanoes in the Ring of Fire

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 2. Get a separate sheet of paper for your answers and observations. Do not copy
the questions.
a. Which regions are high-risk (darkest shade) in terms of:
1) earthquakes? ____________________________________________
2) landslides? _______________________________________________
3) volcanic eruptions?________________________________________
4) tsunamis? ________________________________________________
b. Are there regions where all the four risks are highly present? List them down.
_______________________________________________________________
c. If you will choose a province to live, where will it be? Why? _________________
d. Why do you think those areas are high-risk for earthquakes, landslides,
volcanic eruptions and tsunamis? __________________________________________

How did you find the hazard maps in the previous activity? Did you see your province
as one of the epicenters? When was the last time you experienced an earthquake? How
was your experience?

Activity 1. Risk-free and Prepared!

All these risks are identified that can cause harmful effects to our environment,
our country as a whole, and our communities in particular. These may even result in
the death of people who are not prepared for these natural disasters.

As a student, are you prepared when these disasters strike? Do the next activity
to ensure your disaster preparedness during earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic
eruptions.

What you need:

 separate sheet of paper and ball pen

What to do:
1. Get a separate sheet of paper. Copy Table 1 and provide enough space for your
answers.
Table 1. Geologic Disaster Preparedness

Geologic Harmful What to Do

Event Effect/s
Before During After
Earthquake

Landslide

Tsunami
Volcanic
Eruption

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2. Look for information about the harmful effects of an earthquake, tsunami, and
volcanic eruptions. You may read from news articles or interview older persons.
Write it in the second column of Table 1.
3. List down things to do before, during, and after each geologic disaster to ensure
disaster preparedness.
4. During natural disasters, I should _________________________________________.

You did well! It’s now time to assess your understanding. Do your best!

Additional Activities

Are you in for more challenging activities? If you are fond of traveling and intend to be a
local or international tourist in the future, you might want to spare more time doing some
additional activities.

Additional Activity 1. It’s More Fun Near Philippine Volcanoes What you
need:
 separate sheet of paper and ball pen
 Philippine map (see page 15)
 Active volcanoes in the Philippines map (see page 28)
 source of information like books, magazine or the internet (if available)

What you have to do:

1. Get a separate sheet of paper. Copy Table 2 and provide enough space for your
answers.

Table 2. Philippine Volcanoes Worth Seeing

Province Active Volcano Interesting Facts

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

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Figure 7. Active Volcanoes in the Philippines

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2. Go back to the Philippine map and decide which five provinces you want to visit
someday. Make sure you will include places from Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao.
Write down your five choices in the first column of Table 2.

3. Look at the active volcanoes in the Philippines in Figure 7, page 9. Locate a

volcano that is near to the provinces you have listed on the first column of the Table
that you consider worth seeing.

4. Write down the name of the volcano in the second column of Table 2.

5. Look for interesting facts on the volcanoes you have located from any available
source like books, magazines, or the internet (if available). List these facts on the
third column of the table.

6. Let us say you were on vacation in one of your chosen provinces. On your answer
sheet, answer the following questions:
a. In which hotel will you choose to stay, near a volcano or away from a volcano?
Why? ______________________________________________________________________
b. If you have chosen to stay in a place near a volcano what precautionary
measures will you always remember? (You may want to recall your answer to
Table 1 ) ________________________________________________________
c. Which among the many active volcanoes in the Philippines would you suggest
to a foreign friend to visit? Why? ____________________________________________

Enjoying the beauty of natural sceneries like volcanoes is one delightful activity.
But nature is not always calm as we all know. Do you recall any past natural calamities
that caused damage and death here or abroad? Kindly do the next activity.

Additional Activity 2. It’s Better to be Locally and Internationally Aware What you
need:
 separate sheet of paper and ball pen
 Philippine map
 World map
 source of information like books, magazine or the internet (if available)

What you have to do:

1. Get a separate sheet of paper. Copy Table 3 except Column 2. Provide enough space
for your answers.

2. Examine each of the pictures in Column 2. Do you know any of these events?
Name the calamity each picture shows. Write your answers in the fourth column.
Possible answers are earthquakes, landslides, tsunami, and volcanic eruptions.

3. Think of the bad effects of these natural calamities in a certain country or place.
Imagine the effects on the health, livelihood, and emotions of the people living in
those areas. List down your answer to the last column.
4. We know that the Philippines has suffered from many deadly typhoons, earthquakes,
volcanic eruptions, and other natural disasters. How can we attribute these
occurrences to our location in the Pacific Ring of Fire? ____________________
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5. How about the countries Nepal and Japan, what could be the cause of the
calamities they have experienced? ______________________________________________

Table 3. Natural Calamities and Their Effects

No. Picture Country Calamity Effects

1 Philippines

Source:

https://www.npr.org/2020/01/13/795815351/volcanic eruption-in-
philippines-causes-thousands-to-flee

2 Philippines

Source: https://assets.rappler.com/EE52B0AE1BA241DCBAC
84512ADBF2FF0/img/F7BDA97B2FEE4B4E884E8A91779A3C3E/
itogon-landslide-day2-september-19-2018-017.jpg

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Nepal

Source: https://si.wsj.net/public/resources/images/WOAW270_
NEPALA_P_20150426185109.jpg

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 4 Japan

Source: https://watchers.news/data/thumbs/798_296/2020/04/
japan-tsunami-2011-april-22-2020-ft-img.jpg

Knowing the bad effects of these unstoppable natural calamities, we must always
be prepared for them all the time. The best way to prepare is to create awareness and to
set a plan with our family and friends before such calamities strike. Perform the last
activities with either family members or friends who are available to join you. Have a great
time collaborating!

Additional Activity 3. It’s Time to Boost Our Awareness What you

need:
 separate sheets of paper
 a pencil or ball pen
 a ruler or any straight edge
 any coloring material (crayons, markers, pencil colors)

What you have to do:

Part A- Evacuation Plan

1. Draw a floor plan or rough draft of your house. Label each room.

2. Identify where the windows and doors are located. These can be your exit points
during calamities or emergencies. Label them properly. Color the exit points green.

3. Locate possible hazards or hindrances like tall cabinets, fire or electricity sources,
glass objects, or hanging objects that may drop. Draw their exact positions in your
house. Label them properly. Color them red.

4. From your bedrooms or sleeping areas, identify the most common safe exit point
for your entire family. Then draw a blue arrow from these sleeping areas going to
the identified safest exit.

5. Identify the specific locations of your medicine/emergency kit, fire extinguisher, Go

bags, and important documents. Draw them also in your plan. Label them
properly. Color them yellow.
6. Orient your family about the possible hazards and safest exit. You can have
another copy of this plan to be posted in your living room if you wish to. It would

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 also be nice if important emergency hotline numbers are listed on another sheet of
paper.

Standards Rubric
Required Elements (followed the instructions) 5 points
Labels (properly labeled and colored) 5 points
Grammar and Spelling (English and/or vernacular) 5 points
Impact (attractive and neat) 5 points
TOTAL - 20 points

Part B- Awareness Campaign

1. Collaborate with any of your siblings, parents, cousins, or friends to make these
awareness campaigns: slogan, poem, song/jingle, or poster about natural
calamities. You have the option to create just one or all the suggested campaign
awareness materials depending on your interest, willingness, and time. Focus on
natural calamities that often occur in your locality.

2. Your material can be in English, Filipino, or your mother tongue. Avoid foul or
vulgar words in your content.

3. Limit your content to the size of one long bond paper.

4. If you choose to make song/jingle indicate the tune you are going to use and the
name of the artist who popularized the song.

5. Make your final output as presentable as possible observing neatness and

readability.

6. You may opt to have a picture of your slogan, poem, and poster, or record your
song or jingle and upload it to any social media platform to spread more
awareness.

Standards Rubric
Targets Awareness (words/images are realistic) 5 points
Grammar and Spelling (English and/or vernacular) 5 points
Techniques (persuasiveness/humor in words and pictures 5 points
Impact (attractive and neat) 5 points
TOTAL - 20 points

It’s a great feeling that you were able to challenge yourself to do these additional
activities. It is hoped that your understanding and appreciation of your role as a natural
calamity awareness advocate were enriched. Congratulations and continue this good
deed.
Before you return this module to your teacher, kindly copy and fill out the
SelfRating table adapted from Valdoz (2017). Check the appropriate column where your
extent of knowledge falls.

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How I Rate My Self…

Poor Fair Good Excellent

How much did this module help
you…
(1) (2) (3) (4)

describe Earth as a planet?

explain the Plate Tectonics Theory?

analyze the relationship between the

locations of volcanoes, epicenters,
and mountain ranges?

demonstrate ways to ensure disaster

preparedness during earthquakes,
tsunamis, landslides, and volcanic
eruptions?

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Risk-free and Prepared!
Assessment 3 Assessment 2 Assessment 1
d. This is due to its location along the Ring of Fire, or typhoon
belt – a large Pacific Ocean region where many of Earth's
volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur.
Rethink the Risks Re-circle the Ring
Remember Where The Edges Meet
What’s In What I Know
Answer Key
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4 . The Ring of Fire
is a large Pacific Ocean region where many of Earth's eruptions
volcanicand
earthquakes occur.This is a reason whyhe Philippines
t has suffered
manydeadly natural disasters.
5 . Nepalis on the boundary of two massive tectonic plates
– the Indo
-Australian and Asian plates
causing given)
earthquakes. Japan’s tsunami happened because ofn aearthquake under its sea near
destructive
a plate point per item
boundary. may vary,1
a to c (answers
Table 3 Item # 6, letters
1 volcanic Lost/destruction of homes, death of human and animals, economic crisis, mental stress Table 2 and
eruption
2 Landslide Loss/destruction of homes, death of human and animals, economic
, mentalcrisis
stress Activity 1
3 Earthquake Loss/destruction of homes, death of human andeconomic
animals, crisis
, mental stress Activity 2
4 Tsunami Loss/destruction of homes, death of human and animals, economic
, mentalcrisis
stress Additional
page 27)
(see rubric on
Assessment What I Can Do What I Have Learned
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