ST. BLAISE COMMUNITY ACADEMY, INC.

Poblacion, San Luis, Batangas

11 GENERAL
M AT H E M AT I C S

Learner’s Material
SECOND QUARTER - MODULE 1-2

Topic: “REPRESENTS REAL-LIFE SITUATIONS

USING EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS”

Name: ______________________________________________________
Section: _____________________________________________________
 Republika ng Pilipinas
KAGAWARAN NG EDUKASYON
Rehiyon IV-A CALABARZON
SANGAY NG BATANGAS
St. Blaise Community Academy, Inc.
San Luis, Batangas/ chs_sbca53@yahoo.com
 043 – 740-960609997646638 / 09218539116

Name of Student: ___________________________________________________ Section: ________________________

Present Address: ____________________________________________________ Contact no. ____________________
Subject Matter: General Mathematics
Topic: EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS, EXPONENTIAL EQUATION, and EXPONENTIAL INEQUALITIES (Quarter 2- Module 1-2)

WHAT YOU ARE SUPPOSED TO LEARN?

After going through this lesson, you should be able to:

1. represent real-life situations using exponential functions.
2. distinguishes between exponential function, exponential equation, and exponential inequality.

WHAT I KNOW?
PRE-TEST
D I R E C T I O N : Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. In the exponential function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏𝑥 , x is the ____.
a. base b. dependent variable c. exponent d. independent variable
2. Which of the following is an exponential function?
a. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥2 + 3𝑥 − 4 b. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 4
c. 𝑓(𝑥) = 23𝑥−4 d. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥2 + 3𝑥 − 4
3. Which of the given situations illustrates an exponential function?
a. The distance travelled varies directly as the speed.
b. The area of a square is s2 where s is the length of the side of a square.
c. Radioactive material has a half-life of 1500 years.
d. As x increases, the value of y increases.
4. Solve 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 , if 𝑥 = −4.
a. 1/16 b. 1/8 c. 1/4 d. ½
5. Which of the following depicts the increase in number or size at a constantly growing rate?
a. Half-life b. Exponential growth c. Exponential decay d. Compound interest

WHAT’S NEW?
Helping Hands!
Read and analyze the problem carefully to complete the table and to answer the questions that follow.
Ms. Love Reyes, a Mathematics teacher introduces a new project to teach her students the values of helpfulness
and sharing through peer tutoring while learning Math. She believes that her students will be more comfortable and open
when interacting with a peer. To teach a short cut technique in solving rational equations and inequalities, she demonstrates
the strategy to one of her students and requires this student to do the same to two of his classmates, with a condition that
each student who undergoes the peer tutorial will repeat the process until everyone in the class will be able to learn the
short cut technique. Also, each student is required to submit a reflection paper of their experienced while doing the peer
tutoring and learning with classmates, for her to assess if she is successful to attain her objectives.
a. Based on the given situation, complete the table below.
Tutorial Stage 1 2 3 4 5 6

Number of Students who

undergo the tutorial
(Hint: In 0 stage, only one student undergoes the tutorial, he is the first student chose by Ms. Reyes, stage 1 is the
stage where the first students share his learning to his classmate and continue up to stage 6)
b. What pattern can be observed from the data?
c. Write a formula to determine the number of students who are already involved with the tutorial project in a particular stage?
d. If the project will be extended to other students within the school, in what stage will it reach 512 students?
WHAT’S IS IT

❖ LESSON 1
An exponential function with the base b is a function of the form 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏𝑥 or 𝑦 = 𝑏𝑥, where (𝑏 > 0, 𝑏 ≠ 1).
EXAMPLE 1:
Complete a table of values for x= -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, and 3 for the exponential functions y = (1/3)x , y= 10x , and y=
(0.8)x

x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

y= (1/3) 27 9 3 1 1/3 1/9 1/27

y= 10x 1/1000 1/100 1/10 1 10 100 1000

y= (0.8)x 1.953125 1.5625 1.25 1 0.8 0.64 0.512

GENERAL MATHEMATICS 11
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 Some of the most common applications in real-life of exponential functions and their transformations are population
growth, exponential decay, and compound interest.

The following are examples of representing an exponential function in real-life situations.

Example 1
Suppose a culture of 300 bacteria at MJD Farm is put into a Petri dish and the culture doubles every 10 hours. Give
an exponential model for the situation. How many bacteria will there be after 90 hours?
Solution:
a. Let 𝑦 = number of bacteria b. If 𝑡 = 90, then y = 300(2)90/10, y = 300(2)9, y = 153,600. There will
At 𝑡 = 0, 𝑦 = 300 be 153,600 bacteria after 90 hours.
𝑡 = 10, 𝑦 = 300(2) = 600
𝑡 = 20, 𝑦 = 300(2) 2 = 1200
𝑡 = 30, 𝑦 = 300(2) 3 = 2400
𝑡 = 40, 𝑦 = 300(2) 4 = 4800
An exponential model for this situation is y = 300(2)t/10
Exponential Models and Population Growth
Suppose a quantity y doubles every T units of time. If is the initial amount, then the quantity after t units is given
by y = y0(2)t/T
Example 2
A certain radioactive substance decays half of itself every 5 days. Initially, there are 50 grams. Determine the
amount of substance left after 30 days, and give an exponential model for the amount of remaining substance.
Solution:
a. Let t= time in days
At t= 0 Amount of Substance = 50g
t= 5 Amount of Substance = 50 (1/2) = 25 g
t = 10 Amount of Substance = 50 (1/2)2 = 12.5 g
t = 15 Amount of Substance = 50 (1/2)3 = 6.25 g
An exponential model for this situation is y= 50 (1/2)t/5
b. y= 50(1/2)30/5 = 50(1/2)6 = 0.78125 g
Exponential Decay
The half-life of a radioactive substance is the time it takes for half of the substance to decay. The exponential decay
formula is y= yo (1/2)t/T.
Example 3
Aling Dionisia deposits ₱10,000.00 in BDO that pays 3% compound interest annually. Define an exponential model
for this situation. How much money will she have after 11 years without withdrawal?
Solution: Compound Interest means the interest earned at the end of the period is added to the principal and this new
amount will earn interest in the nesting period.
a. At 𝑡 = 0 ₱10,000
𝑡 = 1 ₱10,000+ ₱10,000(0.03) = ₱10,300.00
𝑡 = 2 ₱10,300+ ₱10,300(0.03) = ₱10,609.00
𝑡 = 3 ₱10,609 + ₱10,609(0.03) = ₱10,927.27
From the above, the principal amount together with the interest earned as computed is as follows:
At 𝑡 = 0 ₱10,000
𝑡 = 1 ₱10, 000(1+0.03) = ₱10,000(1.03) = ₱10,300.00
𝑡 = 2 ₱10,000(1+0.03)2 = ₱10,000(1.03)2 = ₱10,609.00
𝑡 = 3 ₱10, 000(1+0.03)3= ₱10,000(1.03)3 =₱10,927.27
An exponential model for this situation is 𝐴 = 10,000(1.03) 𝑡
b. A = ₱10,000(1.03)11
= ₱13,842.34
After 11 years without withdrawal there will be ₱13,842.34 in bank.
Compound Interest
If a principal P (initial amount of money) is invested at an annual rate of r; compounded annually, then
the amount after t years is given by A = P(1+r)t
Example 4
The Natural Exponential Function
While an exponential function may have various bases, a frequently used base is the irrational number e, whose
value is approximately 2.71828. Because e is a commonly used base, the natural exponential function is defined as having
e as the base. The predicted population of a certain city is given by P=200,000 e (0.03y) where y is the number of years
after the year 2020. Predict the population for the year 2030.
Solution:
The number of years from 2020 to 2030 is 10, so y= 10.
P = (200,000)(2.71828)(0.03)(10)
P = 269, 971.70
The predicted population for the year 2030 is 269, 971.
The natural exponential function is the function f(x) = ex.

❖ LESSON 2
❑ An exponential function is a function involving exponential expression showing a relationship between the
independent variable x and dependent variable y or f(x).
Examples of which are 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥+3 and 𝑦 = 102𝑥.
❑ On the other hand, an exponential equation is an equation involving exponential expression that can be solved
for all x values satisfying the equation.
For instance, 121 = 1𝑥 and 3𝑥 = 9𝑥−2 .
❑ Lastly, an exponential inequality is an inequality involving exponential expression that can be solved for all x
values satisfying the inequality.
For example, 641/3 > 2𝑥 and (0.9)𝑥 > 0.81.

GENERAL MATHEMATICS 11
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 WHAT’S MORE
Activity 1 Where Do They Belong?
DIRECTION: Below is a list of exponential expressions. Classify each as to whether it is an exponential function,
equation, inequality, or does not belong to any of these three.

EXPONENTIAL EXPONENTIAL EXPONENTIAL

NONE OF THESE
FUNCTION EQUATION INEQUALITIES

WHAT I CAN DO
DIRECTION: Solve the following:
1. A culture of 100 bacteria in a petri dish doubles every hour.
a. Complete the table.
t 0 1 2 3 4

No. of bacteria

b. Write the exponential model for the number of bacteria inside the box.

c. How many bacteria will there be after 6 hours?

Solution:

Answer: ___________

2. The half-life of a radioactive substance is 12 hours and there are 100 grams initially.
a. Complete the table.

t 0 12 24 36 48

Amount

b. Write the exponential model for the amount of substance inside the box.

c. Determine the amount of substance left after 3 days.

Solution:

Answer: ___________

3. Kim deposited ₱10,000.00 in a bank that pays a 3% compound interest annually.

a. Identify the given: P = _______
r = _______
b. Write the exponential model for the situation.

c. How much money will he have after 2 years?

Solution:

Answer: ___________

GENERAL MATHEMATICS 11
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 ASSESSMENT

POST-TEST
D I R E C T I O N : CHOOSE THE LETTER OF THE BEST ANSWER.
(PLEASE WRITE YOUR ANSWER ON THE PROVIDED ANSWER SHEET.)
1. What is true about exponential expression?
a. It has an exponent. c. Its exponent is constant
b. Its exponent is a variable. d. Its exponent is an expression.
2. Which of the following is an exponential function?
a. 𝑓(𝑥) = (4 + 𝑥)2 c. 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥
b. 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥2 d. 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥
3. In which of the following is 36𝑥 = 6 𝑥+4 classified?
a. Exponential Model c. Exponential Inequality
b. Exponential Function d. Exponential Equation
4. Which of the following is commonly used as a dependent variable in an exponential function?
a. 𝑓(𝑥) b. 𝑥 c. 2𝑥 d. 2𝑥
5. In which of the following is 169 ≥ 132𝑥 classified?
a. Exponential Inequality c. Exponential Function
b. Exponential Equation d. Exponential Model
6. In the exponential function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏𝑥 , b is called as the ___________.
a. base b. dependent variable c. exponent d. independent variable
7. Which of the following defines an exponential function?
a. f(x) = 2x2 b. f(x) = 2x-1 c. f(x) = 3x d. f(x) = x2+1
8. Solve 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 , if 𝑥 = 2.
𝑥+1

a. 2 b. 4 c. 8 d. 16
9. Which of the given situations illustrate an exponential change?
a. A store has 100 regular customers and each month 5 new customers come
b. The number of organisms in a culture doubles every 5 hours
c. The monthly wage of a laborer increase by 75 every year
d. As x increases the value of y increases
10. What do you call a quantity that decreases at a rate proportional to its current value?
a. Population growth
b. Exponential growth
c. Exponential
d. Compound interest

WHAT I CAN SHOW?

Which 21st century skill (Communication, collaboration, creativity, critical thinking, productivity, leadership and technology
literacy) do you enhance while learning our topic? Explain your answer.
(PLEASE WRITE YOUR ANSWER ON THE PROVIDED ANSWER SHEET.)

GENERAL MATHEMATICS 11
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 NOTE: PLEASE SUBMIT ONLY THIS PORTION OF THE MODULE TO SBCA FOR CHECKING.

Name of Student: ___________________________________________________ Section: _____________________

Present Address: ____________________________________________________ Contact no. __________________
Subject Matter: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Topic: EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS, EXPONENTIAL EQUATION, and EXPONENTIAL INEQUALITIES (Quarter 2- Module 1-2)

WHAT I KNOW?

PRE-TEST:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

WHAT’S MORE?

EXPONENTIAL EXPONENTIAL EXPONENTIAL

NONE OF THESE
FUNCTION EQUATION INEQUALITIES

WHAT I CAN DO

DIRECTION: Solve the following:

1. a. Complete the table.
t 0 12 24 36 48

Amount

b. Write the exponential model for the number of bacteria inside the box.

c. How many bacteria will there be after 6 hours?

Solution:

Answer: ___________

2. a. Complete the table.

t 0 1 2 3 4

No. of bacteria
b. Write the exponential model for the amount of substance inside the box.

c. Determine the amount of substance left after 3 days.

Solution:

Answer: ___________
1
GE NE RAL M ATHE M ATICS 11 I ANSWER SHEET
 3. a. Identify the given: P = _______
r = _______

b. Write the exponential model for the situation.

c. How much money will he have after 2 years?

Solution:

Answer: ___________

ASSESSMENT

POST- TEST

1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.

WHAT CAN I SHOW?

2
GE NE RAL M ATHE M ATICS 11 I ANSWER SHEET