INTERNATIONAL ISO

STANDARD 18436-2

First edition
2003-11-15

Condition monitoring and diagnostics of

machines — Requirements for training
and certification of personnel —
Part 2:
Vibration condition monitoring and
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STANDARD
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Surveillance et diagnostic d'état des machines — Exigences relatives à
la formation et à la certification du personnel —
ISO 18436-2:2003
Partie 2: Surveillance des vibrations et diagnostic d'état des machines
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Reference number
ISO 18436-2:2003(E)

© ISO 2003
ISO 18436-2:2003(E)

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ISO 18436-2:2003
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 ISO 18436-2:2003(E)

Contents Page

Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................ iv
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ v
1 Scope...................................................................................................................................................... 1
2 Normative references ........................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions........................................................................................................................... 2
4 Classification of personnel for vibration condition monitoring and diagnostics of
machines................................................................................................................................................ 2
4.1 General ................................................................................................................................................... 2
4.2 Category I............................................................................................................................................... 3
4.3 Category II.............................................................................................................................................. 3
4.4 Category III............................................................................................................................................. 3
4.5 Category IV ............................................................................................................................................ 4
5 Eligibility for examination .................................................................................................................... 5
5.1 General ................................................................................................................................................... 5
5.2 Education ............................................................................................................................................... 5
5.3 iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
Training .................................................................................................................................................. 5
5.4 Experience ............................................................................................................................................. 6
6
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Qualification examinations .................................................................................................................. 6
6.1 Examination content............................................................................................................................. 6
6.2 ISO 18436-2:2003
Re-examination ..................................................................................................................................... 6
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Annex A (normative) Training course requirements for personnel involved in vibration condition
03b5c76de12d/iso-18436-2-2003
monitoring and diagnostics of machines........................................................................................... 7
Annex B (normative) Applicable International Standards............................................................................ 13
Bibliography ..................................................................................................................................................... 15

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ISO 18436-2:2003(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

ISO 18436-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 108, Mechanical vibration and shock,
Subcommittee SC 5, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines.
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ISO 18436 consists of the following parts, under the general title Condition monitoring and diagnostics of
machines — Requirements for training and certification of personnel:
(standards.iteh.ai)
 Part 1: Requirements for certifying bodies and the certification process
ISO 18436-2:2003
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 Part 2: Vibration condition monitoring and diagnostics
03b5c76de12d/iso-18436-2-2003
The following parts are under preparation:

 Part 3: Requirements for training bodies

 Part 4: Lubrication management and analysis

 Part 5: Thermography

 Part 6: Diagnostics and prognostics

 Part 7: Condition monitoring specialists

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 ISO 18436-2:2003(E)

Introduction
Vibration analysis using measurements to monitor condition and diagnose faults in machinery has become a
key activity in predictive maintenance programmes for most industries. Other non-intrusive technologies
including infrared thermography, acoustic emission, lubricant analysis and motor current analysis, are used as
complementary condition analysis tools. Those in the manufacturing industry who have diligently and
consistently applied these techniques have experienced a return on investment far exceeding their
expectations. However, the effectiveness of these programmes depends on the capabilities of individuals who
perform the measurements and analyse the data.

This part of ISO 18436 defines the requirements against which personnel in the non-intrusive machine
condition monitoring and diagnostics technologies associated with vibration analysis are to be certified and the
methods of testing such personnel. Conformity assessment for certification in vibration analysis will be
performed by a body accredited to the requirements of ISO 18436-3.

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18436-2:2003(E)

Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines —

Requirements for training and certification of personnel —
Part 2:
Vibration condition monitoring and diagnostics

1 Scope
This part of ISO 18436 specifies the general requirements for vibration analysis personnel who perform
machinery condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines. Certification to this standard will provide
recognition of the qualifications and competence of individuals to perform machinery vibration measurements
and analysis using portable and permanently installed sensors and equipment.

This part of ISO 18436 covers a four-category certification programme that is based on the technical areas
discussed herein.
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2 Normative references (standards.iteh.ai)
The following referenced documents areISO indispensable
18436-2:2003 for the application of this document. For dated
references, only thehttps://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/bfa2d875-7d04-4599-8e13-
edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
03b5c76de12d/iso-18436-2-2003
ISO 1925, Mechanical vibration — Balancing — Vocabulary

ISO 1940 (all parts), Mechanical vibration — Balance quality requirements of rigid rotors

ISO 2017-1, Mechanical vibration and shock — Resilient mounting systems — Part 1: Application of source
and receiver isolation

ISO 2041, Vibration and shock — Vocabulary

ISO 2954, Vibration of rotating and reciprocating machinery — Requirements for instruments for measuring
vibration severity

ISO 5348, Mechanical vibration and shock — Mechanical mounting of accelerometers

ISO 7919 (all parts), Mechanical vibration of non-reciprocating machines — Measurements on rotating shafts
and evaluation criteria

ISO 8528-9, Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alternating current generating sets — Part 9:
Measurement and evaluation of mechanical vibrations

ISO 8569, Mechanical vibration and shock — Measurement and evaluation of shock and vibration effects on
sensitive equipment in buildings

ISO 10816 (all parts), Mechanical vibration — Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-
rotating parts

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ISO 18436-2:2003(E)

ISO 11342:1998, Mechanical vibration — Methods and criteria for the mechanical balancing of flexible rotors

ISO 13372, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines — Vocabulary

ISO 13373-1, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines — Vibration condition monitoring — Part 1:
General procedures

ISO 13379, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines — General guidelines on data interpretation
and diagnostics techniques

ISO 14694, Industrial fans — Specifications for balance quality and vibration levels

ISO 14695, Industrial fans — Method of measurement of fan vibration

ISO 17359, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines — General guidelines

ISO 18436-1, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines — Requirements for training and certification
of personnel — Part 1: Requirements for certifying bodies and the certification process

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 2041, ISO 13372, ISO 18436-1 and
the following apply.

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analysis
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process of using signal processing techniques and machine knowledge to evaluate machine faults and
condition
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route 03b5c76de12d/iso-18436-2-2003
organized series of machine measurement locations listed by machine train, measure or plant geography

3.3
trainee
person who is training to become qualified for certification

3.4
vibration diagnostics
interpretation of vibration data to determine machine faults

3.5
vibration monitoring
process of measurement, trending, and interpretation of vibration data

4 Classification of personnel for vibration condition monitoring and diagnostics of

machines

4.1 General

Individuals recognized or certified in accordance with this part of ISO 18436 shall be classified in one of
several categories depending upon their qualifications. They shall have demonstrated competence in the
concepts of machinery vibration condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines for their classification
category as indicated in Annex A and in accordance with the standards listed in Annex B.

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 ISO 18436-2:2003(E)

4.2 Category I

Individuals meeting the requirements for Category I are recognized as being qualified to perform a range of
simple single-channel machinery vibration condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines activities in
accordance with ISO 17359 and ISO 13373-1. They shall not be responsible, for example, for the choice of
sensor or for any analysis to be conducted, nor for the assessment of test results, except for identifying alert
conditions against a pre-established alert setting or settings. They shall be qualified

a) to operate portable instrumentation on pre-assigned or pre-programmed routes,

b) to acquire readings from permanently installed instrumentation,

c) to input results into a database and download routes from a computer,

d) to conduct testing under steady-state operating conditions following predefined procedures,

e) to be able to recognize that no signal is present, and

f) to be able to compare overall or single value vibration measurements against pre-established alert
settings.

4.3 Category II

Individuals certified to Category II are qualified personnel who are certified to perform industrial machinery
vibration measurements and basic vibration analysis using single-channel measurements, with or without
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phase trigger signals, according to established and recognized procedures. Personnel certified to Category II
require all the knowledge and skills expected of Category I, and shall also be qualified
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a) to select the appropriate machinery vibration measurement technique,
ISO 18436-2:2003
b) to set up instruments for basic resolution of amplitude, frequency and time,
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c) to perform basic vibration analysis of machinery and components, such as shafts, bearings, gears, fans,
pumps and motors, using spectrum analysis,

d) to maintain a database of results and trends,

e) to perform basic (single-channel) impact tests to determine natural frequencies,

f) to classify, interpret and evaluate the test results (including acceptance tests) in accordance with
applicable specifications and standards,

g) to recommend minor corrective actions,

h) to understand basic single-plane field balancing concepts, and

i) to be aware of some of the causes and effects of bad measurement data.

4.4 Category III

Individuals certified to Category III are qualified to perform and/or direct and/or establish programmes for
vibration condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines in accordance with ISO 17359 and ISO 13373-1.
Personnel classified to Category III require all the knowledge and skills expected of personnel classified to
Category I and Category II, and shall also be qualified

a) to select the appropriate machinery vibration analysis technique,

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ISO 18436-2:2003(E)

b) to specify the appropriate vibration instrumentation hardware and software for both portable and
permanently installed systems,

c) to measure and perform diagnosis of single-channel frequency spectra, as well as time domain plots such
as waveforms and orbits, under both steady-state and unsteady operating conditions, with or without a
phase trigger,

d) to establish vibration monitoring programmes, including determination of machines for

periodic/continuous monitoring, frequency of testing, route plans,

e) to establish programmes for the specification of vibration levels and acceptance criteria for new
machinery,

f) to measure and analyse basic operating deflection shapes,

g) to understand and be able to direct the use of alternative condition monitoring technologies (such as
acoustic emission, thermography, motor current and oil analysis),

h) to recommend field corrective actions, such as balancing, alignment and replacement of machine parts,

i) to be able to use acceleration enveloping (demodulation),

j) to perform basic single-plane field balancing,

k) to report to management regarding programme objectives, budgets, cost justification and personnel
development, iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
l) (standards.iteh.ai)
to prepare reports for appropriate personnel on machine condition, recommend corrective action and
report on the effectiveness of repairs, and
ISO 18436-2:2003
m) to provide instructions and technical direction to vibration trainees.
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4.5 Category IV

Individuals certified to Category IV are qualified to perform and/or direct vibration condition monitoring and
diagnostics of machines in accordance with ISO 17359 and ISO 13373-1 and all types of machinery vibration
measurements and analysis. Personnel certified to Category IV require all the knowledge and skills expected
of personnel certified to Category I, Category II and Category III, and shall also be qualified

a) to apply vibration theory and techniques, including measurement and interpretation of multi-channel
spectral results such as frequency response functions, phase and coherence,

b) to understand and perform signal analysis, including understanding of frequency and time domain
processing, including orbits and their limitations,

c) to determine the natural frequencies, mode shapes and damping of systems, components and
assemblies,

d) to determine the operating deflection shapes of machines and connected structures and recommend
means for correction,

e) to use generally recognized advanced techniques for vibration analysis, parameter identification and fault
diagnosis,

f) to apply the basic principles of rotor-bearing dynamics to vibration diagnosis,

g) to conduct basic two-plane field balancing,

h) to recommend advanced two-plane influence coefficient or static/couple balancing,

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 ISO 18436-2:2003(E)

i) to recommend corrective actions and/or design modifications, including component change or repair,
isolation, damping, change of stiffness and change of mass,

j) to provide technical guidance to vibration trainees,

k) to interpret and evaluate published ISO codes of practice, International Standards and specifications,

l) to recognize vibration caused by gas pulsation in machines such as reciprocating machines and screw
compressors, and to measure the necessary parameters and recommend means for correction, and

m) to recommend corrective actions for resilient mounting and other holding-down and foundation problems.

5 Eligibility for examination

5.1 General

Candidates shall have a combination of education, training and experience to ensure that they understand the
principles and procedures applicable to machinery vibration measurement and analysis. Candidates shall
affirm adherence to the code of ethics contained in ISO 18436-1.

5.2 Education

Candidates seeking certification do not need to provide evidence of formal education to establish eligibility.
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However, it is recommended that candidates for Category I and II have at least a secondary school graduation
diploma or its equivalent. Category III and IV candidates shall be able to manipulate simple algebraic
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equations, use a basic scientific calculator (including trigonometric and logarithmic functions), and be familiar
with the operation of personal computers. Successful completion of two or more years of mechanical
technology or mechanical engineering atISO an 18436-2:2003
accredited college, university or technical school is highly
recommended for candidates seeking certification to Category III and IV.
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5.3 Training

5.3.1 Basic training

To be eligible to apply for certification based on this part of ISO 18436, the candidates shall provide evidence
of successful completion of training approved by the certification body, which will be based on the
requirements of Annex A. The minimum duration of recommended training is shown in Table 1. Approved
training should be in the form of lectures, demonstrations and practical exercises. Sources of technical
information are listed in the Bibliography. It is recommended that the training include examinations to ensure
that the subject matter has been understood. It is recommended that to receive credit for the successful
completion of a course, the candidates should satisfy the certification body

a) that they have successfully completed the training,

b) that the time devoted to each topic was as specified in Annex A and was consistent with the category of
certification being sought, or show a log of self-study time and topics consistent with the effort required in
Table 1 and Annex A, and

c) that they have completed a training course examination provided by a trainer approved by the certification
body.

5.3.2 Additional training on machine knowledge

In addition to the training hours shown in Table 1 and detailed in Annex A, it is recommended that candidates
attend machinery and component training of at least half the time shown in Table 1.

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