Ge103 Lesson 7 El Nino La Nina

GE103 – LESSON 7 – EL NINO & LA NINA from the west and excessive rainfall often turn to
dangerous typhoons.
OUTLINE
Hangin Amihan (Northeast monsoon) - Towards
I. Introduction
Japan or South
II. Origin of El Nino and La Nina
III. Global Effect of El Nino and La Nina  The winds need to rotate to scatter the heat
IV. The Effect of El Nino and La Nina in the in the planet and blow it into different
Philippines directions.
V. The Different regions affected by El Nino o The pressure of many areas will
and La Nina in the Philippines normalized
o Scatter the heat to make the
OUTCOMES
temperature normal
This chapter must be able to:
Normal
1. Describe the events experienced having El
Nino and La Nina phenomenon
2. Where do El Nino and La Nina occur?
3. What are the cause of an irregular global
climate
4. How do El Nino and La Nina affect global
climate
5. What are the Effects of El Nino and La Nina
in the Philippines
"El Nino" and "La Nina"
These are variations in  The easterly winds pushes the warm water
tropical Pacific Ocean from the east of the Pacific Ocean to the west
and atmosphere of the Pacific Ocean or to Asia
conditions that have  Heat is a factor of precipitation
global weather and  Movement of cold water is Upwelling
climate impacts. They
 Two types of water: Cold waters and Warm
are the most well-known
waters
of several cyclical and
 Thermocline - a steep temperature gradient
non-cyclical patterns
in a body of water such as a lake, marked by
operating on time scales
a layer above and below which the water is
from years to decades
at different temperatures.
El Nino
 Arrows tell us the direction of the wind and

the occurrences of El Nino and La Nina
Hangin Habagat (Southwest monsoon) – at the
Australian continent, and the low-pressure area is at  Warm winds towards the West
North China, Mongolia, and Siberia. The gusty winds  Intense heat at the Center
 Warm waters, dry areas in the Philippines
 More rains, wet, warm waters in America
La Nina
 Wind moves westernly

 El Nino
 Gush of wind strongly pushing the warm

wind towards the West (Philippines)
 Very wet and warm water in the Philippines
How to detect El Nino or La Nina?
 Measure the temperature of Pacific ocean

most especially at the eastern part
 Very warm in the Philippines, rainfall and

landslides
 Opposite side – Cold waters, very cold temp
 La Nina
History and Origin of El Nino
 El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an

atmosphere disturbance and recurrent
ocean warming. The warming cause massive
 orange to red – intense heat warming kills many sea birds and fish by
 Yellow - warm wind preventing nutrient rich cold water from rising
 Black – landforms to the surface
 No intense heat, hence NORMAL  The cloud formation results in heavy rainfall,
floods, hurricanes, cyclones etc. In the
countries of South America.
 This weakens the cloud oration in western
equatorial Pacific which reduces rainfall and
causes drought in west countries of the 5. Planting drought-resistant trees during
Pacific like Australia, Indonesia. Thailand. reforestations
Philippines 6. Conservation in the use of household water.
Occurrence of El Nino LA NINA PHENOMENON
 Observed in 150  happens in the Pacific Translated as the

 Weather pattern that has returned 28 times “little girl” or also known as "cold tongue"
worldwide for the past centuries  Characterized by abnormally cold ocean and
 Occurs every 5 to 8 years but it comes tropical cyclones in the eastern equatorial
earlier from 3 to 5 Years pacific
 Prolonged heavy rains, climatic condition
Global Effect of El Nino
after El Nino
1. The effect on marine water, brackish, and  Wetter than normal in Australia and
fish ponds have due to reduction of rainfall Indonesia
and increase in the salinity of tidal water.  Rise in temperature in China, Peru,
2. Host of planetary climate changes altering Carribean Island and United States have
high level winds, and in, some cases, more hurricanes and tropical cyclones
typhoons and storms.
LA NINA PHENOMENON in the Philippines
The Effects of El Nino in the Philippines
1. Heavy rains and floods
1. Decrease in agricultural products 2. Central Luzon suffered flashfloods and rise
2. Affected largest production of fishmeal of water
3. Affect water sources, hydropower 3. Agricultural land went underwater and many
generators, health and sanitation and crops were destroyed
socioeconomic conditions 4. Food supply and production suffered due to
4. Long famine and extreme heat continuous flooding of the rice fields
5. Extreme conditions in the weather 5. Tremendous weather disturbance
6. Damage infrastructures, farms, markets,
Worst scenarios: roads, and irrigation channels
1. Change in the surface temperature 7. Landslides, huge losses of livestock and
2. Lack of water supply fishponds
3. Arid lands Department of Agriculture stated that provinces
4. Dry irrigation of the country are vulnerable
5. Poor harvest
6. Poor fish catch Rice producing:
7. Bad effect on animals and plants in the
 Southern Tagalog, Central Luzon, LeYte and
environment
the Caraga in Mindanao
8. forest fires
9. damaging natural parks and reserves River basins:
Some Measures of the Government:  Agusan
1. There should be massive dissemination of  Bicol
information about the phenomenon  Cagayan
2. Construction of Small Farm Reservoir (SFR)  Cotabato
which can hold the rainfall through the earth  llog.Hilatagan
embarkment  Pampanga River
3. Introducing mulching, covering the ground
Watesheds:
with straw or leaves around the plants to
reduce the water loss  Albay
4. Planting drought-tolerant plant varieties  Agusan del Norte
 Benguet
 Bukidnon
 Cagayan
 Camarines
 Sur
 Davao
 Ifugao
 Isabela
 North Cotabato
 South Cotabato
 Maguindanao

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GE103 – LESSON 7 – EL NINO & LA NINA from the west and excessive rainfall often turn to

 Arrows tell us the direction of the wind and

 Wind moves westernly

 Gush of wind strongly pushing the warm

 Measure the temperature of Pacific ocean

 Very warm in the Philippines, rainfall and

History and Origin of El Nino

 El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an

 Observed in 150  happens in the Pacific Translated as the

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