Cambridge IGCSE™

PHYSICS 0625/42
Paper 4 Extended Theory May/June 2023
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 80

Published

This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the
examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the
details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have
considered the acceptability of alternative answers.

Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for
Teachers.

Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes.

Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2023 series for most
Cambridge IGCSE, Cambridge International A and AS Level and Cambridge Pre-U components, and some
Cambridge O Level components.

This document consists of 12 printed pages.

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Generic Marking Principles

These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the
specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptors for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these
marking principles.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:

Marks must be awarded in line with:

 the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question
 the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question
 the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2:

Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3:

Marks must be awarded positively:

 marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond
the scope of the syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate
 marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do
 marks are not deducted for errors
 marks are not deducted for omissions
 answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the
question as indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4:

Rules must be applied consistently, e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level
descriptors.

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GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5:

Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may
be limited according to the quality of the candidate responses seen).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6:

Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or
grade descriptors in mind.

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Science-Specific Marking Principles

1 Examiners should consider the context and scientific use of any keywords when awarding marks. Although keywords may be present, marks
should not be awarded if the keywords are used incorrectly.

2 The examiner should not choose between contradictory statements given in the same question part, and credit should not be awarded for
any correct statement that is contradicted within the same question part. Wrong science that is irrelevant to the question should be ignored.

3 Although spellings do not have to be correct, spellings of syllabus terms must allow for clear and unambiguous separation from other
syllabus terms with which they may be confused (e.g. ethane / ethene, glucagon / glycogen, refraction / reflection).

4 The error carried forward (ecf) principle should be applied, where appropriate. If an incorrect answer is subsequently used in a scientifically
correct way, the candidate should be awarded these subsequent marking points. Further guidance will be included in the mark scheme
where necessary and any exceptions to this general principle will be noted.

5 ‘List rule’ guidance

For questions that require n responses (e.g. State two reasons …):

 The response should be read as continuous prose, even when numbered answer spaces are provided.
 Any response marked ignore in the mark scheme should not count towards n.
 Incorrect responses should not be awarded credit but will still count towards n.
 Read the entire response to check for any responses that contradict those that would otherwise be credited. Credit should not be
awarded for any responses that are contradicted within the rest of the response. Where two responses contradict one another, this
should be treated as a single incorrect response.
 Non-contradictory responses after the first n responses may be ignored even if they include incorrect science.

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6 Calculation specific guidance

Correct answers to calculations should be given full credit even if there is no working or incorrect working, unless the question states ‘show
your working’.

For questions in which the number of significant figures required is not stated, credit should be awarded for correct answers when rounded
by the examiner to the number of significant figures given in the mark scheme. This may not apply to measured values.

For answers given in standard form (e.g. a  10n) in which the convention of restricting the value of the coefficient (a) to a value between 1
and 10 is not followed, credit may still be awarded if the answer can be converted to the answer given in the mark scheme.

Unless a separate mark is given for a unit, a missing or incorrect unit will normally mean that the final calculation mark is not awarded.
Exceptions to this general principle will be noted in the mark scheme.

7 Guidance for chemical equations

Multiples / fractions of coefficients used in chemical equations are acceptable unless stated otherwise in the mark scheme.

State symbols given in an equation should be ignored unless asked for in the question or stated otherwise in the mark scheme.

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Acronyms and shorthand in the mark scheme

Acronym / shorthand Explanation

A mark Final answer mark which is awarded for fully correct final answers including the unit.

C mark Compensatory mark which may be scored when the final answer (A) mark for a question has not been awarded.

B mark Independent mark which does not depend on any other mark.

M mark Method mark which must be scored before any subsequent final answer (A) mark can be scored.

Brackets ( ) Words not explicitly needed in an answer, however if a contradictory word / phrase / unit to that in the brackets is seen
the mark is not awarded.

Underlining The underlined word (or a synonym) must be present for the mark to be scored. If the word is a technical scientific term,
the word must be there.

/ or OR Alternative answers any one of which gains the credit for that mark.

owtte Or words to that effect.

ignore Indicates either an incorrect or irrelevant point which may be disregarded, i.e., not treated as contradictory.

insufficient An answer not worthy of credit on its own.

CON An incorrect point which contradicts any correct point and means the mark cannot be scored.

ecf [question part] Indicates that a candidate using an erroneous value from the stated question part must be given credit here if the
erroneous value is used correctly here.

cao Correct answer only.

ORA Or reverse argument.

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Question Answer Marks

1(a)(i) no resultant / net force B1

no resultant/net moment B1

1(a)(ii) 4.7  107 J or 47 MJ A2

(∆)Ep = mg(∆)h OR (∆Ep =) mg(∆)h OR (∆Ep =) 3200  9.8  1500 C1

1(b)(i) point, labelled 1, on either of the horizontal sections of the graph (to the left of A or to the left of B) B1

point, labelled 2, on the graph between A and the start of the horizontal section of the graph to the left of B B1

point, labelled 3, on the graph between the start of the curved section to the right of the origin and the start of the horizontal B1
section of the graph to the left of A

1(b)(ii) (initially there is acceleration due to) weight OR gravitational force B1

OR unbalanced force / resultant force / downward force

(then) air resistance increases as speed or velocity increases B1

(as air resistance increases) resultant force downwards decreases OR acceleration decreases B1

constant speed when air resistance = weight / gravitational force B1

Question Answer Marks

2(a) 26 J A3

EK = ½mv2 OR (EK =) ½mv2 OR (EK =) ½  0.16  (18)2 C1

(EK =) ½  0.16  (18)2 OR (EK =) ½  0.16  324 OR (EK =) 2.6  10N C1

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Question Answer Marks

2(b) 24 N A2

Ft = ∆mv OR F = ma OR (F =) (0.16  18) / 0.12 C1

2(c) longer time (of impact / contact) AND smaller force (on them) B1
OR longer time (of impact / contact) AND does not hurt as much

Question Answer Marks

3(a) (force of gravity / weight of person is spread over a much) greater area B1

p = F/A OR p ∝ 1/A B1

(force is same so) pressure is lower (so ice is less likely to crack) B1

3(b) 5.8  103 Pa A4

p (due to water) = gh OR (p =) gh OR (p =) 1000  9.8  0.45 OR (p =) 4410 C1

W = mg OR (W =) mg OR (W =) (690  9.8) OR (W =) 6762 OR (p (due to ice) =) 1352.4 C1

(pressure =) candidate’s calculated pressure due to water + candidate’s calculated pressure due to ice C1
OR total pressure = [1000  9.8  0.45] + [(690  9.8) / 5.0]
OR total pressure = 4410 + 1352.4

Question Answer Marks

4(a) pressure decreases AND particles have smaller velocity / momentum / smaller EK / kinetic energy (when temperature is B1
lower)

lower rate / frequency of collision of particles B1

particles collide with smaller force OR smaller impulse change B1

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Question Answer Marks

4(b)(i) –273 (°C) B1

4(b)(ii) (temperature at which) particles have least EK / kinetic energy B1

lowest possible temperature B1

4(c) 200 cm3 A3

pV = constant OR 9.0  104  350 = 1.6  105  V2 C1

V2 = [9.0  104  350] / 1.6  105 OR V2 = 2.0  10N OR 1.97  10N C1

Question Answer Marks

5(a)(i)  = m / V OR m =  V B1

(m =) 1.2  4.5  6.1  2.4 (= 79 kg) OR (m =) 79.056 (kg) B1

5(a)(ii) 290 s A4

c = (∆)E / m∆ OR (∆E =) mc∆ OR (∆E =) 79  1000  4(.0) OR (∆E =) 316 000 OR (∆ =) 4(.0) C1

P = (∆)E / t OR (∆E =) Pt OR (∆E =) 1100  t C1

(t =) mc∆ / P OR (t =) 79  1000  4(.0) / 1100 OR (t =) 316 000 / 1100 C1

5(a)(iii) any one from: B1

 (thermal) energy is transferred to furniture / walls / objects (in the room)
 (thermal) energy is transferred through windows / doors / floor / ceiling / from the room

5(b) conduction AND convection B1

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Question Answer Marks

6(a) P-waves: longitudinal B1

S-waves: transverse B1

6(b) 1600 m OR 1.6 km A3

v = f OR ( =) v / f C1

( =) [7.2  1000] / 4.5 OR ( =) 1.6  10N OR ( =) 7.2 / 4.5 C1

Question Answer Marks

7(a) normal drawn in correct position and at right angles to the surface B1

7(b) 22° A3

i = 34(°) C1

n = sin i / sin r OR (r =) sin–1 {sin i / n} OR sin r = sin 34 / 1.47 OR sin r = 0.38 C1

7(c) 3.0  108 m / s B1

7(d) 2.04  108 m / s A2

n = speed of light in air / speed of light in oil C1

OR (speed of light in oil =) speed of light in air / n
OR (speed of light in oil =) 3.0  108 / 1.47

Question Answer Marks

8(a)(i) region in which a (magnetic) pole experiences a force B1

8(a)(ii) in the direction of the force on the N pole B1

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Question Answer Marks

8(b) 4 radial lines outside sphere, touching the sphere and equally spaced all around sphere B1

direction of arrows towards the sphere B1

8(c)(i) 2.0 V A1

8(c)(ii) (ratio of p.d. across R2 : R3 =) 1 : 2 B1

8(c)(iii)1. current is zero in R1 AND diode is in wrong direction (to allow current) owtte B1

8(c)(iii)2. (ratio of p.d. across R2 : R3 =) 1 : 1 B1

Question Answer Marks

9(a)  – no. of neutrons 2 B1

 – no. of protons 0 and charge –1.6  10–19 B1

 – no. of neutrons 0 and charge 0 and (very) thick concrete / thick lead B1

9(b) (the nucleus has) one less neutron and one more proton B1

9(c) 95 (counts / min) A4

initial count rate due to source = 550 – 30 (counts / min) OR 520 seen C1

(75 min =) 3 half-lives OR (count rate =) 1 / 8 (of initial count rate) C1

final count rate due to source = (520 / 8 =) 65 C1

9(d) any two from: B2

 limit time of exposure
 store sources in lead boxes
 keep distance from sources
 avoid contact OR use tongs OR wear gloves

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Question Answer Marks

10(a) v = 2r / T B1

r = (average) radius of the orbit AND T = (orbital) period B1

10(b) rays from Sun strike the country at different angles through the year B1
OR
rays from Sun strike the country for different number of hours per day through the year

10(c) (first space:) red supergiant B1

(second space:) nebula B1

(3rd and 4th spaces:) neutron star B1

black hole B1

10(d) 1.6  109 (light-years) A2

H0 = v / d OR (d =) v / H0 OR (d =) [33 000  103] / [ 2.2  10–18  9.5  1015] C1

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