Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Lecture-04

Analysis and Design of Two-way

Slab System

(Two-Way Slabs Supported on Stiff Beams Or Walls)

By: Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali

Civil Engineering Department
UET Peshawar
www.drqaisarali.com

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 1

 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Topics

 Behavior

 Moment Coefficient Method

 Steps in Moment Coefficient Method

 Design Example 1 (Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

 Design Example 2 (100′ × 60′, 3-Storey Commercial Building)

 Practice Examples

 References

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, students will be able to

 Classify one-way and two-way slab systems

 Make use of ACI coefficient method for two-way slab

analyses

 Analyze and design two-way slab system for flexure

 Compare Manual and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) results

 Design a typical house & regular building for gravity loads

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Behavior

 Two-Way Slab System (Long span/short span ≤ 2)

25′ 25′ 25′ 25′

20′

20′

20′

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Behavior

 Two-Way Bending of Two-Way Slabs

One-Way Behavior Two-Way Behavior

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Behavior

 Two-Way Bending of Two-Way Slabs

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 6

 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Behavior

 Short Direction Moments in Two-Way Slab

Short
Direction

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 7

 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Behavior

 Long Direction Moments in Two-Way Slab

Long
Direction

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 8

 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Behavior
 More Demand (Moment) in short direction due to size
of slab
 Δcentral Strip = (5/384)wl4/EI

 As these imaginary strips are part of monolithic slab, the deflection at

any point, of the two orthogonal slab strips must be same:

 Δ a = Δb

(5/384)wala4/EI = (5/384)wblb4/EI

 wa/wb = lb4/la4 wa = wb (lb4/la4)

 Thus, larger share of load (Demand) is taken by the shorter direction.

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 9

 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Behavior
 More Demand (Moment) in short direction due to size
of slab
 Ma = Ca*wala2

 As from the previous slide wa = wb (lb4/la4)

 Ma = Ca*wala2 = Ca*wb(lb4/la2)………………i

 Mb = Cb*wblb2 ………………………………. ii

 Comparing (i) and (ii) , we get

 Ma = Mb*(lb /la)^2 Provided that Ca = Cb

 Thus, larger share of load (Demand) is taken by the shorter direction.

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 10

 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Moment Coefficient Method

 The Moment Coefficient Method included for the first time in

1963 ACI Code is applicable to two-way slabs supported on
four sides of each slab panel by walls, steel beams, relatively
deep, stiff, edge beams (h = 3hf).

 Although, not included in 1977 and later versions of ACI code,

its continued use is permissible under the ACI 318-19 code
provision (Section, 8.2.1).

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Moment Coefficient Method

Ma,neg

 Moments: la
Mb,neg Mb,pos Ma,pos Mb,neg
Ma, neg = Ca, negwula 2

Mb, neg = Cb, negwulb2 lb Ma,neg

Ma, pos, (dl + ll) = M a, pos, dl + M a, pos, ll = Ca, pos, dl × wu, dl × la2 + Ca, pos, ll × wu, ll × la2

Mb, pos, (dl + ll) = Mb, pos, dl + Mb, pos, ll = Cb, pos, dl × wu, dl × lb2 + Cb, pos, ll × wu, ll × lb2

 Where Ca, Cb = Tabulated moment coefficients

wu = Ultimate uniform load, psf

la, lb = length of clear spans in short and long directions respectively.

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Moment Coefficient Method

 Cases
 Depending on the support conditions, several cases are possible:

4 spans @ 25′-0″

3 spans @ 20′-0″
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 13
 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Moment Coefficient Method

 Cases
 Depending on the support conditions, several cases are possible:

4 spans @ 25′-0″

3 spans @ 20′-0″
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 14
 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Moment Coefficient Method

 Cases
 Depending on the support conditions, several cases are possible:

4 spans @ 25′-0″

3 spans @ 20′-0″
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 15
 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Moment Coefficient Method

 Cases
 Depending on the support conditions, several cases are possible:

4 spans @ 25′-0″

3 spans @ 20′-0″
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 16
 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Moment Coefficient Method

Table A1: Coefficients (Ca, Negative) For Negative Moment in Slab along Short Direction

m Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case 8 Case 9

0.50 0.000 0.086 0.000 0.094 0.090 0.097 0.000 0.089 0.088

0.55 0.000 0.084 0.000 0.092 0.089 0.096 0.000 0.085 0.086

0.60 0.000 0.081 0.000 0.089 0.088 0.095 0.000 0.080 0.085

0.65 0.000 0.077 0.000 0.085 0.087 0.093 0.000 0.074 0.083

0.70 0.000 0.074 0.000 0.081 0.086 0.091 0.000 0.068 0.081

0.75 0.000 0.069 0.000 0.076 0.085 0.088 0.000 0.061 0.078

0.80 0.000 0.065 0.000 0.071 0.083 0.086 0.000 0.055 0.075

0.85 0.000 0.060 0.000 0.066 0.082 0.083 0.000 0.049 0.072

0.90 0.000 0.055 0.000 0.060 0.080 0.079 0.000 0.043 0.068

0.95 0.000 0.050 0.000 0.055 0.079 0.075 0.000 0.038 0.065

1.00 0.000 0.045 0.000 0.050 0.075 0.071 0.000 0.033 0.061

Note: Horizontal sides of the figure represents long side while vertical side represents
short side.
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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Moment Coefficient Method

Table A2: Coefficients (Cb, Negative) For Negative Moment in Slab along Long Direction

m Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case 8 Case 9

0.50 0.000 0.006 0.022 0.006 0.000 0.000 0.014 0.010 0.003

0.55 0.000 0.007 0.028 0.008 0.000 0.000 0.019 0.014 0.005

0.60 0.000 0.010 0.035 0.011 0.000 0.000 0.024 0.018 0.006

0.65 0.000 0.014 0.043 0.015 0.000 0.000 0.031 0.024 0.008

0.70 0.000 0.017 0.050 0.019 0.000 0.000 0.038 0.029 0.011

0.75 0.000 0.022 0.056 0.024 0.000 0.000 0.044 0.036 0.014

0.80 0.000 0.027 0.061 0.029 0.000 0.000 0.051 0.041 0.017

0.85 0.000 0.031 0.065 0.034 0.000 0.000 0.057 0.046 0.021

0.90 0.000 0.037 0.070 0.040 0.000 0.000 0.062 0.052 0.025

0.95 0.000 0.041 0.072 0.045 0.000 0.000 0.067 0.056 0.029

1.00 0.000 0.045 0.076 0.050 0.000 0.000 0.071 0.061 0.033

Note: Horizontal sides of the figure represents long side while vertical side represents
short side.
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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Moment Coefficient Method

Table A3: Coefficients (Ca, dl) For Dead Load Positive Moment in Slab along Short Direction

m Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case 8 Case 9

0.50 0.095 0.037 0.080 0.059 0.039 0.061 0.089 0.056 0.023

0.55 0.088 0.035 0.071 0.056 0.038 0.058 0.081 0.052 0.024

0.60 0.081 0.034 0.062 0.053 0.037 0.056 0.073 0.048 0.026

0.65 0.074 0.032 0.054 0.050 0.036 0.054 0.065 0.044 0.028

0.70 0.068 0.030 0.046 0.046 0.035 0.051 0.058 0.040 0.029

0.75 0.061 0.028 0.040 0.043 0.033 0.048 0.051 0.036 0.031

0.80 0.056 0.026 0.034 0.039 0.032 0.045 0.045 0.032 0.029

0.85 0.050 0.024 0.029 0.036 0.031 0.042 0.040 0.029 0.028

0.90 0.045 0.022 0.025 0.033 0.029 0.039 0.035 0.025 0.026

0.95 0.040 0.020 0.021 0.030 0.028 0.036 0.031 0.022 0.024

1.00 0.036 0.018 0.018 0.027 0.027 0.033 0.027 0.020 0.023

Note: Horizontal sides of the figure represents long side while vertical side represents
short side.
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 19
 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Moment Coefficient Method

Table A4: Coefficients (Cb, dl) For Dead Load Positive Moment in Slab along Long Direction

m Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case 8 Case 9

0.50 0.006 0.002 0.007 0.004 0.001 0.003 0.007 0.004 0.002

0.55 0.008 0.003 0.009 0.005 0.002 0.004 0.009 0.005 0.003

0.60 0.010 0.004 0.011 0.007 0.003 0.006 0.012 0.007 0.004

0.65 0.013 0.006 0.014 0.009 0.004 0.007 0.014 0.009 0.005

0.70 0.016 0.007 0.016 0.011 0.005 0.009 0.017 0.011 0.006

0.75 0.019 0.009 0.018 0.013 0.007 0.013 0.020 0.013 0.007

0.80 0.023 0.011 0.020 0.016 0.009 0.015 0.022 0.015 0.010

0.85 0.026 0.012 0.022 0.019 0.011 0.017 0.025 0.017 0.013

0.90 0.029 0.014 0.024 0.022 0.013 0.021 0.028 0.019 0.015

0.95 0.033 0.016 0.025 0.024 0.015 0.024 0.031 0.021 0.017

1.00 0.036 0.018 0.027 0.027 0.018 0.027 0.033 0.023 0.020

Note: Horizontal sides of the figure represents long side while vertical side represents
short side.
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 20
 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Moment Coefficient Method

Table A5: Coefficients (Ca, ll) For Live Load Positive Moment in Slab along Short Direction

m Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case 8 Case 9

0.50 0.095 0.066 0.088 0.077 0.067 0.078 0.092 0.076 0.067

0.55 0.088 0.062 0.080 0.072 0.063 0.073 0.085 0.070 0.063

0.60 0.081 0.058 0.071 0.067 0.059 0.068 0.077 0.065 0.059

0.65 0.074 0.053 0.064 0.062 0.055 0.064 0.070 0.059 0.054

0.70 0.068 0.049 0.057 0.057 0.051 0.060 0.063 0.054 0.050

0.75 0.061 0.045 0.051 0.052 0.047 0.055 0.056 0.049 0.046

0.80 0.056 0.041 0.045 0.048 0.044 0.051 0.051 0.044 0.042

0.85 0.050 0.037 0.040 0.043 0.041 0.046 0.045 0.040 0.039

0.90 0.045 0.034 0.035 0.039 0.037 0.042 0.040 0.035 0.036

0.95 0.040 0.030 0.031 0.035 0.034 0.038 0.036 0.031 0.032

1.00 0.036 0.027 0.027 0.032 0.032 0.035 0.032 0.028 0.030

Note: Horizontal sides of the figure represents long side while vertical side represents
short side.
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 21
 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Moment Coefficient Method

Table A6: Coefficients (Cb, ll) For Live Load Positive Moment in Slab along Long Direction

m Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case 8 Case 9

0.50 0.006 0.004 0.007 0.005 0.004 0.005 0.007 0.005 0.007

0.55 0.008 0.006 0.009 0.007 0.005 0.006 0.009 0.007 0.006

0.60 0.010 0.007 0.011 0.009 0.007 0.008 0.011 0.009 0.007

0.65 0.013 0.010 0.014 0.011 0.009 0.010 0.014 0.011 0.009

0.70 0.016 0.012 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.013 0.017 0.014 0.011

0.75 0.019 0.014 0.019 0.016 0.013 0.016 0.020 0.016 0.013

0.80 0.023 0.017 0.022 0.020 0.016 0.019 0.023 0.019 0.017

0.85 0.026 0.019 0.024 0.023 0.019 0.022 0.026 0.022 0.020

0.90 0.029 0.022 0.027 0.026 0.021 0.025 0.029 0.024 0.022

0.95 0.033 0.025 0.029 0.029 0.024 0.029 0.032 0.027 0.025

1.00 0.036 0.027 0.032 0.032 0.027 0.032 0.035 0.030 0.08

Note: Horizontal sides of the figure represents long side while vertical side represents
short side.
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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Moment Coefficient Method

Table A7: Ratio of Load “w” in Short Direction for Shear in Slab and Load on Supports

m Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case 8 Case 9

0.50 0.94 0.94 0.76 0.94 0.99 0.97 0.86 0.89 0.97

0.55 0.92 0.92 0.69 0.92 0.98 0.96 0.81 0.85 0.95

0.60 0.89 0.89 0.61 0.89 0.97 0.95 0.76 0.80 0.94

0.65 0.85 0.85 0.53 0.85 0.96 0.93 0.69 0.74 0.92

0.70 0.81 0.81 0.45 0.81 0.95 0.91 0.62 0.68 0.89

0.75 0.76 0.76 0.39 0.76 0.94 0.88 0.56 0.61 0.86

0.80 0.71 0.71 0.33 0.71 0.92 0.86 0.49 0.55 0.83

0.85 0.66 0.66 0.28 0.66 0.90 0.83 0.43 0.49 0.79

0.90 0.60 0.60 0.23 0.60 0.88 0.79 0.38 0.43 0.75

0.95 0.55 0.55 0.20 0.55 0.86 0.75 0.33 0.38 0.71

1.00 0.50 0.50 0.17 0.50 0.83 0.71 0.29 0.33 0.67

Note: Horizontal sides of the figure represents long side while vertical side represents
short side.
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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Steps in Moment Coefficient Method

 hmin = perimeter/ 180 = 2(la + lb)/180

 Calculate loads on slab

 Calculate m = la/ lb

 Decide about case of slab

 Use tables to pick moment coefficients

 Calculate Moments and then design

 Apply reinforcement requirements (smax = 2h, ACI 8.7.2.2)

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

 3D Model of the House

9" brick masonry wall

16' X 12' 16' X 12'

9' Wide Verandah

B1 B1

RCC Column

 In this building we will design a two-way slab (for rooms), a one-way

slab, beam and column (for verandah)

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

 Given Data:
9" brick masonry wall

 Service Dead Load

 4″ thick mud
16' X 12' 16' X 12'
 2″ thick brick tile

 Live Load = 40 psf

9' Wide Verandah
 fc′= 3 ksi
B1 B1
 fy = 40 ksi
RCC Column

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

 Sizes 9" brick masonry wall

 For two way slab system

16' X 12' 16' X 12'

 hmin = perimeter / 180 = 2(la + lb)/180 A

 hmin = 2 (12 +16) /180 = 0.311 ft = 3.73 inch

9' Wide Verandah

 Assume 5 inch slab

B1 B1

 For one way slab system A RCC Column

Slab
 For 5’’ slab, span length l is min. of:
h
 l = ln+ h = 8 + (5/12) = 8.42′

 c/c distance between supports = 8.875′ 9″ Brick Wall

 Slab thickness (h) = (8.42/24) × (0.4+ /100000)

ln = 8′

= 3.367″ (min. by ACI) 9′ Wide Verandah

lc/c = (8 + (9/12) / 2 + 0.5) = 8.875′

 Taking 5 in. slab
Section A-A
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 27
 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

 Loads
 5 inch Slab = 5/12 x 0.15 = 0.0625 ksf

 4 inch mud = 4/12 x 0.12 = 0.04 ksf

 2 inch tile = 2/12 x 0.12 = 0.02 ksf

 Total DL = 0.1225 ksf

 Factored DL, wu, dl = 1.2 x 0.1225 = 0.147 ksf

 Factored LL, wu, ll = 1.6 x 0.04 = 0.064 ksf

 Total Factored Load, wu= 0.211 ksf

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

 Analysis
 This system consists of both one way and two way slabs. Rooms
(two way slabs) are continuous with verandah (one way slab).

 A system where a two way slab is continuous with a one way slab
or vice versa can be called as a mixed slab system.
9" brick masonry wall

16' X 12' 16' X 12'

9' Wide Verandah

B1 B1

RCC Column

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

 Analysis
 The ACI approximate methods of analysis are not applicable to
such systems because:
 In case of two way slabs, the moment coefficient tables are applicable
to two way slab system where a two way slab is continuous with a two
way slab.

 In case of one ways slabs, the ACI approximate analysis is applicable

to one way slab system where a one way slab is continuous with a one
way slab.

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

 Analysis
 The best approach to analyze a mixed system is to use FE
software.

 However, such a system can also be analyzed manually by making

certain approximations.

 In the next slides, we will analyze this system using both of the
above mentioned methods.

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

 Analysis using FE Software (SAFE)

Ma,neg Ma,pos

Ma,neg Ma,pos

Ma,pos
Ma,pos
Mb,pos Mb,neg Mb,pos
Mb,pos Mb,neg Mb,pos

Mver (+ve)

Ma,neg
Ma,neg

Mver (+ve)
Moments in Long Direction in Two Moments in Short Direction in Two
Way Slabs Way Slabs & Moment in Verandah
One Way Slab

Two Way Slab Moments (ft-kip/ft) One Way Slab Moment (ft-kip/ft)
(Rooms) (Verandah)
Ma,pos Mb,pos Ma,neg Mb,neg Mver (+ve)
1.58 1.17 2.10 1.67 1.10

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 32

 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

 Analysis using Manual Approach

 Moment Coefficient Method for analysis.

Ma,pos
Ma,pos

Mb,pos Mb,neg Mb,pos

Ma,neg
Ma,neg

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)
16′
Case 4
 Two-Way Slab Analysis Mb,pos Mb,neg

Ma,pos
12′
Case = 4

Ma,neg
m = la/lb = 12/16 = 0.75
Table A1: Coefficients (Ca, Negative) For Negative Moment in Slab along Short Direction

Ca,neg = 0.076 m Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case 8 Case 9

Cb,neg = 0.024 0.50 0.000 0.086 0.000 0.094 0.090 0.097 0.000 0.089 0.088

0.55 0.000 0.084 0.000 0.092 0.089 0.096 0.000 0.085 0.086

Ca,posDL = 0.043 0.60 0.000 0.081 0.000 0.089 0.088 0.095 0.000 0.080 0.085

0.65 0.000 0.077 0.000 0.085 0.087 0.093 0.000 0.074 0.083

Cb,posDL = 0.013 0.70 0.000 0.074 0.000 0.081 0.086 0.091 0.000 0.068 0.081

0.75 0.000 0.069 0.000 0.076 0.085 0.088 0.000 0.061 0.078
Ca,posLL = 0.052 0.80 0.000 0.065 0.000 0.071 0.083 0.086 0.000 0.055 0.075
0.85 0.000 0.060 0.000 0.066 0.082 0.083 0.000 0.049 0.072
Cb,posLL = 0.016 0.90 0.000 0.055 0.000 0.060 0.080 0.079 0.000 0.043 0.068
0.95 0.000 0.050 0.000 0.055 0.079 0.075 0.000 0.038 0.065

1.00 0.000 0.045 0.000 0.050 0.075 0.071 0.000 0.033 0.061

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 34

 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)
16′
Case 4
 Two-Way Slab Analysis Mb,pos Mb,neg

Ma,pos
12′
Case = 4

Ma,neg
m = la/lb = 12/16 = 0.75
Table A2: Coefficients (Cb, Negative) For Negative Moment in Slab along Long Direction

Ca,neg = 0.076 m Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case 8 Case 9

Cb,neg = 0.024 0.50 0.000 0.006 0.022 0.006 0.000 0.000 0.014 0.010 0.003

0.55 0.000 0.007 0.028 0.008 0.000 0.000 0.019 0.014 0.005

Ca,posDL = 0.043 0.60 0.000 0.010 0.035 0.011 0.000 0.000 0.024 0.018 0.006

0.65 0.000 0.014 0.043 0.015 0.000 0.000 0.031 0.024 0.008

Cb,posDL = 0.013 0.70 0.000 0.017 0.050 0.019 0.000 0.000 0.038 0.029 0.011

0.75 0.000 0.022 0.056 0.024 0.000 0.000 0.044 0.036 0.014
Ca,posLL = 0.052 0.80 0.000 0.027 0.061 0.029 0.000 0.000 0.051 0.041 0.017
0.85 0.000 0.031 0.065 0.034 0.000 0.000 0.057 0.046 0.021
Cb,posLL = 0.016 0.90 0.000 0.037 0.070 0.040 0.000 0.000 0.062 0.052 0.025
0.95 0.000 0.041 0.072 0.045 0.000 0.000 0.067 0.056 0.029

1.00 0.000 0.045 0.076 0.050 0.000 0.000 0.071 0.061 0.033

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 35

 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)
16′
Case 4
 Two-Way Slab Analysis Mb,pos Mb,neg

Ma,pos
12′
Case = 4

Ma,neg
m = la/lb = 12/16 = 0.75
Table A3: Coefficients (Ca, dl) For Dead Load Positive Moment in Slab along Short Direction

Ca,neg = 0.076 m Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case 8 Case 9

Cb,neg = 0.024 0.50 0.095 0.037 0.080 0.059 0.039 0.061 0.089 0.056 0.023

0.55 0.088 0.035 0.071 0.056 0.038 0.058 0.081 0.052 0.024

Ca,posDL = 0.043 0.60 0.081 0.034 0.062 0.053 0.037 0.056 0.073 0.048 0.026

0.65 0.074 0.032 0.054 0.050 0.036 0.054 0.065 0.044 0.028

Cb,posDL = 0.013 0.70 0.068 0.030 0.046 0.046 0.035 0.051 0.058 0.040 0.029

0.75 0.061 0.028 0.040 0.043 0.033 0.048 0.051 0.036 0.031
Ca,posLL = 0.052 0.80 0.056 0.026 0.034 0.039 0.032 0.045 0.045 0.032 0.029
0.85 0.050 0.024 0.029 0.036 0.031 0.042 0.040 0.029 0.028
Cb,posLL = 0.016 0.90 0.045 0.022 0.025 0.033 0.029 0.039 0.035 0.025 0.026
0.95 0.040 0.020 0.021 0.030 0.028 0.036 0.031 0.022 0.024

1.00 0.036 0.018 0.018 0.027 0.027 0.033 0.027 0.020 0.023

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)
16′
Case 4
 Two-Way Slab Analysis Mb,pos Mb,neg

Ma,pos
12′
Case = 4

Ma,neg
m = la/lb = 12/16 = 0.75
Table A4: Coefficients (Cb, dl) For Dead Load Positive Moment in Slab along Long Direction

Ca,neg = 0.076 m Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case 8 Case 9

Cb,neg = 0.024 0.50 0.006 0.002 0.007 0.004 0.001 0.003 0.007 0.004 0.002

0.55 0.008 0.003 0.009 0.005 0.002 0.004 0.009 0.005 0.003

Ca,posDL = 0.043 0.60 0.010 0.004 0.011 0.007 0.003 0.006 0.012 0.007 0.004

0.65 0.013 0.006 0.014 0.009 0.004 0.007 0.014 0.009 0.005

Cb,posDL = 0.013 0.70 0.016 0.007 0.016 0.011 0.005 0.009 0.017 0.011 0.006

0.75 0.019 0.009 0.018 0.013 0.007 0.013 0.020 0.013 0.007
Ca,posLL = 0.052 0.80 0.023 0.011 0.020 0.016 0.009 0.015 0.022 0.015 0.010
0.85 0.026 0.012 0.022 0.019 0.011 0.017 0.025 0.017 0.013
Cb,posLL = 0.016 0.90 0.029 0.014 0.024 0.022 0.013 0.021 0.028 0.019 0.015
0.95 0.033 0.016 0.025 0.024 0.015 0.024 0.031 0.021 0.017

1.00 0.036 0.018 0.027 0.027 0.018 0.027 0.033 0.023 0.020

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)
16′
Case 4
 Two-Way Slab Analysis Mb,pos Mb,neg

Ma,pos
12′
Case = 4

Ma,neg
m = la/lb = 12/16 = 0.75
Table A5: Coefficients (Ca, ll) For Live Load Positive Moment in Slab along Short Direction

Ca,neg = 0.076 m Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case 8 Case 9

Cb,neg = 0.024 0.50 0.095 0.066 0.088 0.077 0.067 0.078 0.092 0.076 0.067

0.55 0.088 0.062 0.080 0.072 0.063 0.073 0.085 0.070 0.063

Ca,posDL = 0.043 0.60 0.081 0.058 0.071 0.067 0.059 0.068 0.077 0.065 0.059

0.65 0.074 0.053 0.064 0.062 0.055 0.064 0.070 0.059 0.054

Cb,posDL = 0.013 0.70 0.068 0.049 0.057 0.057 0.051 0.060 0.063 0.054 0.050

0.75 0.061 0.045 0.051 0.052 0.047 0.055 0.056 0.049 0.046
Ca,posLL = 0.052 0.80 0.056 0.041 0.045 0.048 0.044 0.051 0.051 0.044 0.042
0.85 0.050 0.037 0.040 0.043 0.041 0.046 0.045 0.040 0.039
Cb,posLL = 0.016 0.90 0.045 0.034 0.035 0.039 0.037 0.042 0.040 0.035 0.036
0.95 0.040 0.030 0.031 0.035 0.034 0.038 0.036 0.031 0.032

1.00 0.036 0.027 0.027 0.032 0.032 0.035 0.032 0.028 0.030

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)
16′
Case 4
 Two-Way Slab Analysis Mb,pos Mb,neg

Ma,pos
12′
Case = 4

Ma,neg
m = la/lb = 12/16 = 0.75
Table A6: Coefficients (Cb, ll) For Live Load Positive Moment in Slab along Long Direction

Ca,neg = 0.076 m Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case 8 Case 9

Cb,neg = 0.024 0.50 0.006 0.004 0.007 0.005 0.004 0.005 0.007 0.005 0.007

0.55 0.008 0.006 0.009 0.007 0.005 0.006 0.009 0.007 0.006

Ca,posDL = 0.043 0.60 0.010 0.007 0.011 0.009 0.007 0.008 0.011 0.009 0.007

0.65 0.013 0.010 0.014 0.011 0.009 0.010 0.014 0.011 0.009

Cb,posDL = 0.013 0.70 0.016 0.012 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.013 0.017 0.014 0.011

0.75 0.019 0.014 0.019 0.016 0.013 0.016 0.020 0.016 0.013
Ca,posLL = 0.052 0.80 0.023 0.017 0.022 0.020 0.016 0.019 0.023 0.019 0.017
0.85 0.026 0.019 0.024 0.023 0.019 0.022 0.026 0.022 0.020
Cb,posLL = 0.016 0.90 0.029 0.022 0.027 0.026 0.021 0.025 0.029 0.024 0.022
0.95 0.033 0.025 0.029 0.029 0.024 0.029 0.032 0.027 0.025

1.00 0.036 0.027 0.032 0.032 0.027 0.032 0.035 0.030 0.08

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 39

 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)
16′
 Two-Way Slab Analysis
12′

 Calculating moments using ACI Coefficients: Mb,pos Mb,neg

Ma,pos
Ma, neg = Ca, negwula2

Ma,neg
Mb, neg = Cb, negwulb2

Ma, pos, (dl + ll) = M a, pos, dl + M a, pos, ll = Ca, pos, dl × wu, dl × la2 + Ca, pos, ll × wu, ll × la2

Mb, pos, (dl + ll) = Mb, pos, dl + Mb, pos, ll = Cb, pos, dl × wu, dl × lb2 + Cb, pos, ll × wu, ll × lb2

 Using above relations the moments calculated are:

 Ma,neg = 2.31 ft-kip
Ca,neg = 0.076 Cb,neg = 0.024
 Mb,neg = 1.29 ft-kip
Ca,posLL = 0.052 Cb,posLL = 0.016
Ca,posDL = 0.043 Cb,posDL = 0.013  Ma,pos = 1.39 ft-kip

wu, dl = 0.147 ksf, wu, ll = 0.064 ksf, wu = 0.211 ksf  Mb,pos = 0.75 ft-kip
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 40
 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

 One Way Slab Analysis

 ACI Approximate analysis procedure (ACI 6.5.2).

Mver(-ve)

Mver(+ve)

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

 One-Way Slab Analysis

 For two span one way slab system, positive moment at midspan is given as
follows:
Wu = 0.211 ksf

 Mver (+ve) = wuln2/14

h
 Mver (+ve) = 0.211 × (8)2/14
9″ Brick Wall
= 0.96 ft-k/ft
ln = 8′
 Mver (-ve) = wuln2/9 = 1.5 ft-k/ft
9′ Wide Verandah

1/9 1/9
Simply Spandrel
Supported
1/14 1/24
Support
For negative moment above the long wall common
to rooms and veranda, maximum moment will be
picked from both analyses.

Moment of 2.31 from two way slab analysis is more

than 1.5, therefore we will design for 2.31.

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 42

 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

 Design of Two-Way Slab

 Comparison of Results from FE Analysis and Manual Analysis

Analysis Ma,neg Mb,neg Ma,pos Mb,pos Mver (+ve)

Ma,pos
Ma,pos
Type
Mb,pos Mb,neg Mb,pos
SAFE 2.10 1.67 1.58 1.17 1.10
Manual 2.31 1.3 1.39 0.76 0.96

Ma,neg
Ma,neg

Mver (+ve)
NOTE: All values are in ft-kip.

 Analysis results from both approaches are almost similar.

 Hence the intelligent use of manual analysis yields fairly reasonable results in most cases.

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 43

 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

 Design of Two-Way Slab

 First determining Moment capacity of min. reinforcement:
 As,min = 0.0018bh = 0.11 in2

 Using #3 bars: Spacing for As,min = 0.11 in2 = (0.11/0.11) × 12 = 12″ c/c
 However ACI max spacing for two way slab = 2h = 2(5) = 10″ or 18″ = 10″ c/c

 Hence using #3 bars @ 10″ c/c

 For #3 bars @ 10″ c/c: As,min = (0.11/10) × 12 = 0.132 in2

 Capacity for As,min: a = (0.132 × 40)/(0.85 × 3 × 12) = 0.17″

 ΦMn = ΦAsminfy(d – a/2) = 0.9 × 0.132 × 40(4 – (0.17/2)) = 18.60 in-kip

 Therefore, for Mu values ≤ 18.60 in-k/ft, use As,min (#3 @ 10″ c/c) & for Mu
values > 18.6 in-kip/ft, calculate steel area using trial & error procedure.

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 44

 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

 Design of Two-Way Slab

 For Ma,neg = 2.31 ft-kip = 27.71 in-kip > 18.60 in-kip: As = 0.20 in2 (#3 @ 6.6″ c/c)

 Using #3 @ 6″ c/c

 For Mb,neg = 1.29 ft-kip = 15.56 in-kip < 18.60 in-kip: Using #3 @ 10 c/c

 For Ma,pos = 1.39 ft-kip = 16.67 in-kip < 18.60 in-kip: Using #3 @ 10 c/c

 For Mb,pos = 0.76 ft-kip = 9.02 in-kip < 18.60 in-kip: Using #3 @ 10″ c/c

16′

12′
Ma,pos

Mb,pos Mb,neg
Ma,neg

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 45

 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

 Design of Two-Way Slab

 Reinforcement at Discontinuous Ends
 Reinforcement at discontinuous ends in a two way slab is 1/3 of the positive
reinforcement.

 Positive reinforcement at midspan in this case is #3 @ 10 c/c. Therefore

reinforcement at discontinuous end may be provided @ 30 c/c.

 However, in field practice, the spacing of reinforcement at discontinuous ends

seldom exceeds 18 c/c. The same is provided here as well.

 Supporting Bars
 Supporting bars are provided to support negative reinforcement.

 They are provided perpendicular to negative reinforcement, generally at spacing

of 18 c/c.

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 46

 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

 Design of One-Way Slab

 Main Reinforcement:
 Mver (+ve) = 11.52 in-kip

 As,min = 0.0018bh = 0.0018(12)(5) = 0.11 in2

 Using #3 bars, spacing = (0.11/0.11) × 12 = 12″ c/c

 For one-way slabs, max spacing by ACI = 3h = 3(5) = 15″ or 18″ = 15″ c/c

 For #3 bars @ 15″ c/c, As = (0.11/15) × 12 = 0.09 in2. Hence using As,min = 0.11 in2

 a = (0.11 × 40)/(0.85 × 3 × 12) = 0.14”

 ΦMn = ΦAsminfy(d – a/2) = 0.9 × 0.11 × 40(4 – (0.14/2)) = 15.56 in-kip > Mver (+ve)

 Therefore, using #3 @ 12″ c/c

 However, for facilitating field work, we will use #3 @ 10″ c/c

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 47

 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

 Design of One-Way Slab

 Shrinkage Reinforcement:
 Ast = 0.0018bh = 0.11 in2 (#3 @ 12″ c/c)

 However, for facilitating field work, we will use #3 @ 10″ c/c

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 48

 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

 Verandah Beam Design Verandah Beam

 Step 01: Sizes

 Let depth of beam = 18”

 ln + depth of beam = 15.875′ + (18/12) = 17.375′

 c/c distance between beam supports

= 16.375 + (4.5/12) = 16.75′

 Therefore l = 16.75′

 Depth (h) = (16.75/18.5) × (0.4 + 40000/100000) × 12

= 8.69″ (Minimum requirement of ACI 9.3.1.1).

 Take h = 1.5′ = 18″

 d = h – 3 = 15″

 b = 12″ 16.375 16.375

ln = 16.375 – 0.5(12/12) = 15.875 ln = 16.375 – 0.5(12/12) = 15.875

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 49

 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

 Verandah Beam Design

5′
 Step 02: Loads
 Load on beam will be equal to

 Factored load on beam from slab + factored

self weight of beam web

 Factored load on slab = 0. 211 ksf

 Load on beam from slab = 0. 211 ksf x 5 =

4′ + 1′ = 5′
1.055 k/ft
8/2 = 4′
 Factored Self load of beam web = ln = 8′

 = 1.2 x (13 × 12/144) × 0.15 = 0.195 k/ft

 Total load on beam = 1.055 + 0.195 12″ 9″ Brick Wall

Column
= 1.25 k/ft

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 50

 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

 Verandah Beam
Design ln = 15.875 ln = 15.875

 Step 03: Analysis

Vu(ext) = 8.34 k
 Using ACI Moment 9.92 k
Coefficients for analysis
of verandah beam 11.41 k

Vu(int) = 9.61 k

343.66 in-kip 343.66 in-kip

16.375 16.375
ln = 16.375 – 0.5(12/12) = 15.875 ln = 16.375 – 0.5(12/12) = 15.875

420.03 in-kip

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 51

 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)
 Beam Design
 Flexure Design: (Class Activity)
Mu d b As Asmin Asmax As Bar # of
(in-kip) (in.) (in.) (in2) (in2) (in2) (governing) used bars
#4 5
343.66 (+) 15 27.875 (beff) 0.64 0.90 4.05 0.90
#5 3
#4 5
420.03 (-) 15 12 0.81 0.90 4.05 0.90
#4 + #5 2+2

beff for spandrel beam is minimum of:

 Shear Design: (Class Activity) • 6h + bw = 6×6 + 12 =48″

• clear length of beam/12 + bw =(15.875′/12) × 12 + 12 =27.875″
• clear spacing between beams/2 + bw = not applicable
So beff = 27.875″

Location Vu (@ d) ΦVc = Φ2 ′ bwd smax, S taken

(kip) (kips) ΦVc > Vu, Hence ACI (#3 2-legged)
providing minimum
Exterior 8.34 14.78 reinforcement. 7.5″ 7.5″
Interior 9.61 14.78 7.5″ 7.5″

 Smax is min. of: (1) Avfy/(50bw) = 14.67″ (2) d/2 =7.5″ (3) 24″ c/c (4) Avfy/ 0.75√(fc′)bw = 17.85″

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 52

 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

 Column Design
 Sizes:
 Column size = 12″ × 12″

 Loads:
 Pu = 11.41 × 2 = 22.82 kip
Verandah Column

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 53

 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

 Column Design
 Main Reinforcement Design:
 Nominal strength (ΦPn) of axially loaded column is:

ΦPn = 0.80Φ {0.85fc′ (Ag – Ast) + Astfy} {for tied column, ACI 22.4.2.2}

 Let Ast = 1% of Ag (Ast is the main steel reinforcement area)

 ΦPn = 0.80 × 0.65 × {0.85 × 3 × (144 – 0.01 × 144) + 0.01 × 144 × 40}

= 218.98 kip > Pu = 22.82 kip, O.K.

 Ast =0.01 × 144 =1.44 in2

 Using 3/4″ Φ (#6) with bar area Ab = 0.44 in2

 No. of bars = 1.44/0.44 = 3.27 ≈ 4 bars

 Use 4 #6 bars (or 8 #4 bars) and #3 ties @ 9″ c/c

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 54

 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

 Drafting Details for

Slabs

Panel Depth (in) Mark Bottom Reinforcement Mark Top reinforcement

MT1 #3 @ 10" c/c Continuous End
M1 #3 @ 10" c/c
MT1 #3 @ 18" c/c Non Continuous End
S1 5"
MT2 #3 @ 6" c/c Continuous End
M2 #3 @ 10" c/c
MT2 #3 @ 18" c/c Non Continuous End
M1 #3 @ 10" c/c MT2 #3 @ 6" c/c Continuous End
S2 5"
M2 #3 @ 10" c/c MT2 #3 @ 18" c/c Non Continuous End

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 55

 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

 Drafting Details for Slabs

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 56

 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

 Drafting Details for Verandah Beam

2 #4 + 2 #5 Bars
2 #4 Bars
A B B A
0.33L = 4'-0" 0.33L = 4'-0"

3 #5 Bars #3, 2 legged stirrups @ 7.5" c/c

A B B A
3 #5 Bars 3 #5 Bars
s /2=3.75"

L = 11'-10.5" L = 11'-10.5"

BEAM (B1)

2 #4 Bars 5" 2 #4 Bars

2 #5 Bars
5"

#3,2 legged stirrups @ 7.5" c/c

18"
3 #5 Bars #3,2 legged stirrups @ 7.5" c/c
18"
3 #5 Bars

12"
12"

SECTION A-A SECTION B-B

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 57

 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

 Drafting Details for Verandah Column

8#4 bars
#3 ties @ 9" c/c

#3 ties @ 9" c/c

4 #6 Bars

OR
12"

8 #4 Bars 12"

#3 Ties @ 9" c/c 4 #6 Bars

12"
#3 Ties @ 9" c/c
12"

12"
12"

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 58

 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Practical Example
(Crack in slab in village house due to
absence of negative reinforcement)

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 59

 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Practical Example
(Crack in slab in village house due to
absence of negative reinforcement)

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 60