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    REVIEWER

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    Jazzi Manalili
    1. Quantitative research involves collecting and analyzing numerical data using statistical, mathematical or computational techniques to systematically investigate observable phenomena. There are different types including survey, correlational, and experimental research. 2. Survey research collects information from a sample of people using questions to describe aspects of the population. Correlational research determines relationships between variables, while experimental research uses two sets of variables where one acts as a constant to measure differences in the other. 3. Quantitative research is important across various fields including business, political science, psychology, medicine, economics and education for purposes such as estimating consumer behavior, measuring attitudes, evaluating clinical standards, and discovering solutions to educational issues.

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    REVIEWER

    Uploaded by

    Jazzi Manalili
    27 views4 pages
    1. Quantitative research involves collecting and analyzing numerical data using statistical, mathematical or computational techniques to systematically investigate observable phenomena. There are different types including survey, correlational, and experimental research. 2. Survey research collects information from a sample of people using questions to describe aspects of the population. Correlational research determines relationships between variables, while experimental research uses two sets of variables where one acts as a constant to measure differences in the other. 3. Quantitative research is important across various fields including business, political science, psychology, medicine, economics and education for purposes such as estimating consumer behavior, measuring attitudes, evaluating clinical standards, and discovering solutions to educational issues.

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    1. Quantitative research involves collecting and analyzing numerical data using statistical, mathematical or computational techniques to systematically investigate observable phenomena. There are different types including survey, correlational, and experimental research. 2. Survey research collects information from a sample of people using questions to describe aspects of the population. Correlational research determines relationships between variables, while experimental research uses two sets of variables where one acts as a constant to measure differences in the other. 3. Quantitative research is important across various fields including business, political science, psychology, medicine, economics and education for purposes such as estimating consumer behavior, measuring attitudes, evaluating clinical standards, and discovering solutions to educational issues.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    27 views4 pages

    REVIEWER

    Uploaded by

    Jazzi Manalili
    1. Quantitative research involves collecting and analyzing numerical data using statistical, mathematical or computational techniques to systematically investigate observable phenomena. There are different types including survey, correlational, and experimental research. 2. Survey research collects information from a sample of people using questions to describe aspects of the population. Correlational research determines relationships between variables, while experimental research uses two sets of variables where one acts as a constant to measure differences in the other. 3. Quantitative research is important across various fields including business, political science, psychology, medicine, economics and education for purposes such as estimating consumer behavior, measuring attitudes, evaluating clinical standards, and discovering solutions to educational issues.

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    REVIEWER IN PR

    Quantitative Research is the systematic empirical investigation of observable phenomena via statistical,

    mathematical or computational techniques.


    Type of Quantitative Research

     SURVEY RESEARCH
    - is one of the most important areas of measurement in applied social research.

    There are three major characteristics that most surveys possess:

    1. Information is collected from group of people in order to describe some aspect of the population.
    2. Information is collected by asking questions of the members of the selected group.
    3. Information is collected from sample rather than every member of the population.

    TYPE OF SURVEY RESEARCH

    - Questionnaires
    - Interviews

     CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH
    - Involves collecting data to determine whether and to what degree, a relationship exists between two or
    more quantifiable variables

     EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
    - Research conducted with scientific approach using two sets of variables. The first set acts as a constant,
    which you use to measure the difference of the second set

    Importance of Quantitative Research

    BUSINESS - estimates consumer attitudes and behavior, market sizing, and marketing tactics

    POLITICAL SCIENCE - measures political behavior and attitudes of citizens and politicians

    PSYCHOLOGY - measures human attributes/behavior and analyzes psychological processes

    MEDICINE - measures clinical and methodologic standards in medicinal prescription and composition and
    laboratory experimentations

    ECONOMICS - evaluates economic behavior and designs economic policies and techniques

    DEMOGRAPHICS - discover patterns, associations, correlations, and other features of a population

    EDUCATION - discover solutions to issues in educational research, assessment, and program evaluation and curriculum
    implementation

    Strength and Weaknesses of Quantitative Research

     STRENGTH
    1. It is objective.
    2. Through the use of statistical techniques, sophisticated analyses of huge amount of data are possible.
    3. The numerical data can be analyzed in a quick and easy way.
    4. Quantitative studies are replicable.
     WEAKNESS
    1. It requires a large number of respondents.
    2. It is costly.
    3. The context is ignored.
    4. Many information is difficult to gather using structured research instruments.
    5. Data from questionnaires may be incomplete and inaccurate.

    Variables (Independent and Dependent)

    WHAT IS RESEARCH VARIABLE


    - Variables are “changing qualities or characteristics of a persons, or things like age, gender, intelligence,
    ideas, achievements and etc.

    DEPENDENT VARIABLE

    - The factors or conditions that will change as a result of the independent variable
    - The factors that you measure or observe as data
    - There can be one or more dependent variables in an experiment

    INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

    - is the variable the experimenter changes or controls and is assumed to have a direct effect on the
    dependent variable
    FILIPINO REVIEWER
    GUSTAVE FLAUBERT – isang manunulat na Pranses at may – akda ng Madame Bovary

    “Huwag kang magbasa, gaya ng mga bata, upang libangin ang sarili, o gaya ng mga matatayog ang pangarap, upang matuto. Magbasa
    ka upang mabuhay.”

    ASIMILISASYON - Pakikipag – ugnayan ng mambabasa sa binabasa o kaya’y paglalapat ng natutuhan sa aktuwal na pamumuhay
    ng nagbabasa. Mas malalim pa sa paglalapat o aplikasyon ang layunin ng asimilasyon bilang pinakamataas na antas ng pagbasa.

    IDEYAL - Pagsusuri ng iba’t ibang karanasan ng tao at lipunan batay sa nababasa.

    ROADHL DAHL – “Dinadala siya ng pagbabasa sa bagong daigdig at ipinakikilala sa mga nialalang ng kagila-gilalas ang naging
    buhay. Naglayag siya sa isang bapor kasama si Joseph Conrad, nagpunta sa Africa kasama si Ernest Hemingway, at sa India kasama
    si Rudyard Kipling. Naglakbay siya sa buong mundo habang nakaupo lamang sa loob ng kanyang silid sa isang nayon sa Inglatera.”

    ANDERSON ET AL. (1985) – “Ang pagbasa ay isang proseso ng pagbuo ng kahulugan mula sa mga nakasulat na teksto.”

    WIXSON ET AL. (1987) – “ Isang proseso ng pagbuo ng kahulugan sa pamamagitan ngf intraksiyon ng:

    1. imbak o umiiral nang kaalaman ng mambabasa


    2. impormasyong ibinibigay ng tekstong binabasa
    3. konteksto ng kalagayan o sitwasyon sa pagbabasa.

    PAGBASA – isang kompleks na kognitibong proseso ng pagtuklas sa kahulugan ng bawat simbolo upang makakuha at makabuo ng
    kahulugan.

    DALAWANG URI NG PAGBASA

    1. INTENSIBO – May kinalaman sa masinsin at malalim na pagbasa ng isang tiyak na teksto. Itinuturing na pinakahuli o
    dulong bahagi sa proseso

    DOUGLAS BROWN (1994) – “Pagsusuri sa kanyang gramatikal, panandang diskurso at iba pang detalye sa estraktura upang
    maunawaan ang literal na kahulugan, implikasyon, at retorikal na ugnayan ng isang akda.”

    LONG AT RICHARDS (1987) – “Detalyadong pagsusuri ng isang teksto sa pamamagitan ng pagbibigay ng gabay ng isang guro
    kung paano ito susuriin.”

    2. EKSTENTIBO – May kinalaman sa pagbasa ng masaklaw at maramihang materyales. Maghahatid sa mambabasa tungo
    sapinkadulong proseso.

    BROWN (1994) – “Isinasagawa upang makakkuhaa ng pangkalahatang pag-unawa sa maramihang bilang ng teksto.”

    LONG AT ICHARDS (1987) – “Nagaganap ang ekstentibong pagbabasa kapag ang isang mambabasa ay nagbabasa ng maramihang
    babashin na ayon sa kanyang interes, mga babasahing kadalasang hindi kahingian sa loob ng klase o itinakda sa anomang asignatura.”

    STEPHEN KRASHEN (1995) – “ Ang Malaya at boluntaryong pagbasa ay maaring maging tulay tungo sa matas na kakayahang
    komunikatibo at akademiko sa wika.”

    WARWICK ELLEY (1996) – “ Ayon sa pananaliksik, ang mga programa sa pagtuturo ng pagbasa na nakatuon sa mga istrikto at
    ginagabayang gawain ng guro na may pokus sa mga tiyak na kakayahan ay mas mahina at hindi gaanong epektibo sa pagpapataas ng
    antas ng literasi kung ikokompara sa mga programang may kinalaman sa pagkuha ng interes ng mga mag-aaral at malaya ang
    indibidwal sa pagbasa nila ng mga tekstong nais nilang basahin.”

    DALAWAnG KAKAYAHAN SA PAGBASA

    BROWN (1994) – “ Ang dalawang ito ang pinakamahalagang astratehiya a ekstentibong pagbasa.”

    1. SCANNING – Mabilisang pagbabasa ng isang teksto na ang poku ay hanapin ang ispesipikong impormasyon na itinakda
    bago bumasa.
    2. SKIMMING – Mabilisang pagbasa na ang layunin ay alamin ang kahulugan ng kabuuang teksto, kung paano ionorganisa
    ang mga ideya o kabuuang diskurso ng teksto at kung ano ang pananaw at layunin ng manunulat

    APAT NA ANTAS NG PAGBASA


    1. PRIMARYA – Ito ang pinakamababang antas ng pagbasa at pantulong upang makamit
    ang literasi sa pagbasa.
    2. MAPAGSIYASAT - Nauunawaan na ng mambabasa ang kabuuang teksto at
    nakapagbibigay ng mga hinuha o impresyon tungkol dito. Maaring gamitin ang
    skimming sa antas na ito.
    3. ANALITIKAL – Sa antas na ito, ginagamit ang mapanuri o kritikal nap ag iisip upang
    malalimang maunawaan ang kahulugan ng teksto at ang layunin o pananaw ng
    manunulat. Limang aklat ay maari ka nang maging eksperto sa isang tiyak na paksa
    batay sa kung ano ang sinasabi ng mga manunulat sa mga aklat na iyong binasa.
    4. SINTOPIKAL – Ang salitang syntopical ay binuo ni MORTIMER ADLER mula sa salitang
    syntopicon na nangangahulugang “koleksiyon ng mga paksa.” Nakabubuo ka mg
    sariling perspektiba o pananaw sa isang tiyak na larangan mula sa paghahambing ng
    mga akdang inunawa mo.
    LIMANG HAKBANG TUNGO SA SENTOPIKAL NA PAGBASA
    1. PAGSISIYASAT – Kailangan mong tukuyin agad ang lahat ng mahahalagang akda hinggil
    sa isang paksang nais mong pag aralan.
    2. ASIMILASYON – Tinutukoy mo ang uri ng wika at mahahalagang terminong ginamit ng
    may-akda upang ipaliwanag ang kanyang kaisipan
    3. MGA TANONG – Tinutukoy mo ang mga katanungang nais mong sagutin na hindi pa
    nasasagot o malabong naipaliwanag ng may-akda.
    4. MGA ISYU – Lumilitaw ang isyu kung kapaki-pakinabang at makabuluhan ang nabuo
    mong tanong tungkol sa isang paksa at may magkakaibang pananaw ang mga binasang
    akda tungkol sa particular na suliranin.
    5. KUMBERSASYON – Ang pagtukoy sa katotohanan batay sa sintopikal na pagbasa ay
    hindi ang pangunahing punto at layunin sapagkat lagging kuwestiyonable ang
    katotohanan.

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