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 Sample HSC Examinations
Sample HSC Examination 1
All necessary working should be shown.
Attempt all questions. Time allowed: 3 hours Total marks: 100

Section I (10 marks) 1

9 =a+b 3
3 +2
2π
1 sin = Which is correct?
3
A a = 2 and b = 1 B a = –2 and b = 1
1 3 1 C a = 2 and b = –1 D a = –2 and b = –1
A B C D0
2 2 2
10 y
y=x–3
3 8
4x × 6x
2
12 x 12 ÷ 3 x −7
x
6 x6 1
A B 6x6 C D
x8 6 6x 8 x+y=0
3 The limiting sum of the series
32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + . . . is The shaded region is where
A 66 B 72 C 69 D 64 A x + y ≤ 0 and y ≤ x – 3
B x + y ≤ 0 and y ≥ x – 3
4 The value of log57, correct to three decimal places, is C x + y ≥ 0 and y ≤ x – 3
A 1.209 B 1.404 C 0.336 D 2.783 D x + y ≥ 0 and y ≥ x – 3

5
sinθ cosθ + sin2 θ
=
Section II
sinθ cosθ + cos2 θ Question 11 (15 marks)
A cosec q 2
B tan q C cot q D sec q 2
a P and Q are the points (4, 2) and (9, –2), respectively.
y
1 P(4, 2)
6 Which is a primitive function of ?
2
x
3 1 1 −1 0 x
A B C D Q(9, –2)
x 3 3x 3 x x R

7 The equation of the circle, centre (–2, 3), radius 4 is

i Find the gradient of PQ. (1 mark)
© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 251 4

A (x – 2)2 + (y + 3)2 = 16
ii Find the equation of the line through P
B (x – 2)2 – (y + 3)2 = 16 perpendicular to PQ. (2 marks)
C (x + 2)2 + (y – 3)2 = 16 iii Find the coordinates of R, the point where
D (x + 2)2 – (y – 3)2 = 16 this line meets the y-axis. (1 mark)
iv Find the length of PR. (1 mark)
8 The roots of the equation 2x2 + 8x + 5 = 0 are v Show that triangle PQR is isosceles. (2 marks)
A real and rational and equal vi Find the area of triangle PQR. (1 mark)
B real and rational but not equal
C real but not rational
D not real

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b Differentiate with respect to x: b ABCD is a rhombus. X is the point on BD
i x 2e x (2 marks) such that AX is perpendicular to BD.
ii (1 – cos x)3 (2 marks) A B

c 100 tickets are sold in a raffle for which there are two X
prizes. A ticket is drawn at random for first prize, this
ticket is then discarded and another drawn for second
D C
prize. Emily buys 5 tickets in the raffle. What is the
probability that Emily: i Prove that triangles ABX and ADX
are congruent. (2 marks)
i wins first prize (1 mark)
ii Prove that BD bisects ∠ADC. (2 marks)
ii does not win a prize? (2 marks)
c Jenny begins an exercise program. She exercises for
Question 12 (15 marks) 10 minutes the first day and intends to increase that by
a OAB is a sector of a circle, centre O. 3 minutes every day. If Jenny maintains that program:
∠AOB = 50°. The area of the sector is 20π m2. i for how long will she exercise on the
14th day (1 mark)
B
ii on what day will she be exercising for
1 hour and 40 minutes (1 mark)
O 50°
iii for how many hours in total will she have
exercised at the end of three weeks? (2 marks)
A
d A spokesperson made the following comment about
Find the radius. (2 marks) immigration: ‘Over that period of time the number of
immigrants was increasing at a decreasing rate.’
x i If I is the level of immigration, what does
b i Find ∫ x 2 + 1dx (2 marks)
dI d 2I
the statement mean about and 2 ? (1 mark)
dt dt
π

ii Evaluate ∫0 sin x dx (2 marks)

3
ii Sketch a graph that fits the above
information. (1 mark)
c Solve for 0 ≤ q ≤ 2π, 3 tan2q = 1 (2 marks)
Question 14 (15 marks)
d Consider the curve y = 6x – x 2 3
a The velocity v m s–1 of a moving particle is given
i Where does the curve meet the x-axis? (1 mark) by v = t 2 + t – 12 (t ≥ 0).
ii Find the stationary points and determine i When is the particle at rest? (1 mark)
their nature. (4 marks) ii If the particle was initially 2 metres to the
iii Find the coordinates of the point left of the origin, find its position after
of inflection. (1 mark) 6 seconds. (2 marks)
iv Where will the curve be concave up? (1 mark) iii Find the initial acceleration. (1 mark)
iv Briefly describe the motion. (1 mark)
Question 13 (15 marks)
b The population, P, of a town is increasing at a rate
a The diagram shows the parabola x 2 = 4y and the proportional to the population, so that P = P0e k t where
tangent to the parabola at the point P (6, 9). k is a positive constant and t is the time in years.
© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 251 4

y
x 2 = 4y i If the population was 4000 in 1991 and
9 P(6, 9)
5400 in 2006, find the percentage growth
rate per year. (2 marks)
ii Find the expected population of the town
in 2030. (1 mark)
x
0 3 6 iii At what rate will the population be
increasing in 2030? (1 mark)
i Find the equation of the tangent to iv In what year would you expect the
the parabola at the point P. (2 marks) population of the town to reach 10 000? (2 marks)
ii Find the shaded area. (3 marks)

Excel HSC Mathematics Study Guide Sample HSC Examinations 215

 c i Without the use of calculus, sketch the b A cylinder is to be placed in a cone of height 15 cm and
graph of y = 3 sin 2x (2 marks) radius 9 cm as shown in the diagram.
ii On the same set of axes, sketch y = x (1 mark)
iii How many solutions has the equation
3 sin 2x = x ? (1 mark) 15 cm

Question 15 (15 marks)

a Find the volume of the solid generated when the section
9 cm
π
of the curve y = sec x between x = 0 and x = is
3 If the radius of the cylinder is r cm and the height is h cm:
rotated about the x-axis. (3 marks) 5
i show that h = 15 − r (2 marks)
3
b The rate R, in tonnes per hour, at which a factory is using
360 ii show that the volume V cm3 of the cylinder is given
its raw resources is given by R = 360 −
( ) 5π r 3
2
1+ t 2
by V = 15π r − (1 mark)
3
i What value does R approach as the factory iii show that the maximum volume of the
operates for a long period of time? (1 mark) cylinder occurs when r = 6 (2 marks)
ii Draw a sketch of R as a function of t. (1 mark) iv show that the largest possible cylinder has
iii Find the total amount of resources used 4
in the first eight hours. (2 marks) of the volume of the cone. (2 marks)
9

c Lachlan borrows $170 000 and agrees to repay c i Find the exact area bounded by the curve
the principal plus interest over 25 years. The rate of y = ex, the axes and the line x = 2. (2 marks)
reducible interest charged is 0.6% per month.
ii Use Simpson’s rule with three function
Let $An be the amount owing after n months and
values to find an approximation for the
$M be the amount of each monthly repayment. 2 x

i Show that A3 = 170 000 (1.006)3

integral ∫0 e dx .

– M (1 + 1.006 + 1.006 2) (3 marks) (Leave the answer in terms of e.) (2 marks)

ii Write down a similar expression for An
and hence show that iii Hence show that e ≈ 1+ 3 (2 marks)

 1.006n − 1
An = 170 000 (1.006)n – M   (2 marks)
 0.006 

iii If the loan is to be repaid over 25 years,

find the amount of each monthly
instalment. (2 marks)
iv Find the total amount of interest that
Lachlan pays. (1 mark)

Question 16 (15 marks)

a The gradient function of a curve is given by
dy
= e x – e–x. The curve passes through the
© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 251 4

dx
origin. Find the equation of the curve. (2 marks)

Go to p 234 for Quick Answers

or pp 320–3 for Worked Solutions

216 ExcelHSC
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Sample HSC Examination 2

All necessary working should be shown.

Attempt all questions. Time allowed: 3 hours Total marks: 100

Section I (10 marks) 10 Which is the graph of f (x) = log e x ?

A y B y
2π
1 The value of sin , to three decimal places, is
5
y = f(x)
A 0.022 B 0.309 C 0.951 D 1.257 y = f(x)

2 log48 — log42 = 0 x 0 x
A 0 B 1 C 2 D4
C y D y
3 The first term of a geometric series is 3 and the y = f (x)
common ratio is –2. The tenth term of the series is
A –1536 B 1536 C –3072 D 3072 0 x 0 x

4 The probability that Jo will win a particular game y = f(x)

is 0.3. If three games are played, what is the
probability that Jo will win all three games?
A 0.9 B 0.27 C 0.09 D 0.027 Section II
Question 11 (15 marks)
2
5 To three significant figures, the value of is a $20 000 is invested in an account earning
e 0.75% per month interest, compounding
A 0.736 B 0.718 C 0.289 D 0.271 monthly. Find the value of the investment
(to the nearest dollar) at the end of eight years. (1 mark)
6 The domain of y = 9 − x 2 is
b P is the point (2, 3). The line l1 passes through P and
A x≥3 B x≤3 C x ≤ –3 D –3 ≤ x ≤ 3 meets the x-axis at Q at an angle of 45° as shown in the
diagram.
7 8x 3 – 27y 3 = y
A (2x – 3y)(4x 2 + 12xy + 9y 2)
B (2x – 3y)(4x 2 + 6xy + 9y 2)
P(2, 3)
C (2x – 3y)(4x 2 – 12xy + 9y 2)
D (2x – 3y)(4x 2 – 6xy + 9y 2) 45° Q x
0
© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 251 4

l1
8 A radioactive substance decomposes over time.
The mass, in grams, present after t years is given by
i Show that the equation of l1 is
M = 40e –0.06 t
x + y – 5 = 0. (2 marks)
Which is the best approximation to the amount of the
mass remaining after 8 years? ii l2 is the line x + 5y – 1 = 0
A 12 g B 15 g C 25 g D 35 g Verify that R(–4, 1) lies on the line l2 (1 mark)
iii Find the coordinates of S, the point of
π
intersection of l1 and l2 (2 marks)
∫0 sec
2
9 The exact value of 3
x dx is
iv Draw a diagram, showing the points P,
1 1 3 R and S and the lines l1 and l2 (1 mark)
A B C D 3
2 3 2
Excel HSC Mathematics Study Guide Sample HSC Examinations 217
 v Find the length of the interval RS. The local fun run is to begin at the town centre, travel up
Give the answer in simplest surd form. (2 marks) one road to 1st Avenue, along 1st Avenue to the other
road, up this road to 2nd Avenue and so on, weaving
vi Find the perpendicular distance from P to l2 (1 mark)
along each avenue. The finish point is at the end of
vii Find the area of triangle PRS. (1 mark) 12th Avenue.
i What is the total length of the 12 avenues? (2 marks)
c Of 48 students enrolled in a particular mathematics ii How long is the fun run? (1 mark)
course at university, all but 6 also study either physics
or chemistry or both. 26 study physics and 30 study
b The sum of the infinite geometric series
chemistry. What is the probability that a student chosen
1 + 3x + 32x + 33x + … is 1.5
at random from those studying that mathematics course:
Find the value of x. (2 marks)
i studies chemistry (1 mark)
ii studies both physics and chemistry (1 mark) c If 2 ln x = ln (3x + 4) find the value of x. (2 marks)
iii studies physics or chemistry (1 mark)
iv studies physics but not chemistry? (1 mark) d ABDE is a square. ∆BCD is an equilateral triangle.
A B
Question 12 (15 marks)
a Differentiate, with respect to x: C
x2
i e (2 marks)
E D
ii 3 cos 2x (2 marks)
i Find the size of ∠BAC. Give reasons. (2 marks)
dx ii If F is the midpoint of AC, prove that
b Find ∫ (2 marks)
(2x + 1)
3
triangles ABF and CBF are congruent. (2 marks)
2 iii Prove that ∠ABF = ∠EAC. (2 marks)
∫1 x
−1
c Find the exact value of dx (2 marks)
e Box A holds 12 red apples and 9 green apples.
b
Box B holds 8 red and 7 green apples.
d Find the value of b if ∫1 x dx = 12 (b > 0) (2 marks)
Kerry chooses a box at random and then takes
two apples from the box. By drawing a tree diagram,
e The rate (R mm s–1) at which the height of liquid or otherwise, find the probability that the apples
12 are the same colour. (2 marks)
in a container is increasing is given by R = (t > 0).
3 2
t
i At what rate is the height increasing Question 14 (15 marks)
after 8 seconds? (1 mark)
a For what values of x over the domain
ii If the container is filled to a height of
0 ≤ x ≤ 2π is the curve y = x + cos x
180 mm after 8 seconds, find an expression
concave down? (3 marks)
for the height, h, of liquid in the container
at time t. (2 marks)
b Find the equation of the normal to the curve
iii Find the time, in minutes and seconds, for
y = e2x – 1 at the point where x = 21 . (3 marks)
the container to be filled if the depth
of liquid is 432 mm when full. (2 marks)
c Find the exact volume when the area bounded
Question 13 (15 marks) by the curve y = 5 – x 2 and the line y = 3
is rotated about the y-axis. (2 marks)
a From a town centre, two roads diverge at an angle of
60°. Every 100 m, each road is intersected by an avenue,
© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 251 4

d f (x) = x 3 + ax 2 + bx – 5 where a and b are

numbered 1st Avenue, 2nd Avenue, and so on.
constants. The function has stationary values
4th Ave at x = –1 and x = 3.
100 m 100 m i Find a and b. (3 marks)
3rd Ave
ii Determine the nature of the stationary
100 m 2nd Ave 100 m
values. (2 marks)
100 m 1st Ave 100 m iii If the function is defined for –2 ≤ x ≤ 6 find the
absolute maximum and absolute minimum
100 m 60° 100 m values of the function. (2 marks)

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Question 15 (15 marks) b The diagram shows a sector of a circle, centre O.
The radius is r and the angle at the centre q.
a i Use Simpson’s rule with three function
2 r
values to estimate ∫1 loge x dx (2 marks)

ii Differentiate x loge x – x (2 marks) O θ

2 r
iii Hence find the value of ∫ loge x dx
1
to three decimal places. (2 marks)
iv Briefly comment on the accuracy of the i If P is the perimeter of the sector,
approximation of the integral by Simpson’s P
show that θ = − 2 (1 mark)
rule. (1 mark) r
ii Show that the area, A, of the sector is given
b Two particles, A and B, move along a straight line Pr 2
so that their displacements from the origin at by A = −r (1 mark)
2
time t are given by:
xA = 15t 2 – t 3 xB = 48t – 9 iii If r and q are allowed to vary, but P remains fixed
i Which is moving faster when t = 3? (2 marks) (that is a constant), find the maximum area of the
sector in terms of r. (2 marks)
ii When do the particles travel with
the same velocity? (2 marks) iv Show that the maximum area occurs
when q = 2. (1 mark)
iii Find an expression for the acceleration
of particle A. (1 mark)
iv What is the maximum displacement Instead of P remaining fixed, A will remain fixed.
of particle A? (2 marks) 2A
v Show that P = 2r + (1 mark)
v What is the acceleration of particle B? r
Briefly explain any significance of vi Find the minimum perimeter, in terms of r ,
your answer. (1 mark) and the value of q for which this occurs. (3 marks)

Question 16 (15 marks)

a The diagram shows the curves y = x 3 and y = 3x 2 – 2x.

y
y = 3x – 2x
2

not to scale

x
0 a b
y = x3

i The two curves intersect at the origin and

at the points where x = a and x = b
(0 < a < b). Find the value of a. (2 marks)
ii Show that the area shaded in the diagram
can be found by evaluating the integral

∫0 ( x )
a 3
− 3 x 2 + 2 x dx (2 marks)
© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 251 4

iii Find the shaded area. (2 marks)

Go to p 234 for Quick Answers

or pp 323–7 for Worked Solutions
Excel HSC Mathematics Study Guide Sample HSC Examinations 219
 Sample HSC Examination 3

All necessary working should be shown.

Attempt all questions. Time allowed: 3 hours Total marks: 100

Section I (10 marks) 8

80°
5.9 cm 7.9 cm
1 loge4, to four decimal places =
A 0.6021 B 1.3863
60° 40°
C 1.6094 D 54.5982
The area of this triangle is closest to
x −1 A 4 cm2 B 15 cm2 C 20 cm2 D 23 cm2
2 Simplify 2
=
x −1
1 1 9 If loga2 = 0.270 and loga3 = 0.428 then loga4.5 =
A B
x x −1 A 0.549 B 0.586 C 0.642 D 0.678
1
C D none of these 10 The function f(x) = x2 + 2x is
x +1
A even
3 40°, expressed in radians in terms of π, is B odd
5π C neither even nor odd
2π 3π 4π
A B C D D There is not enough information to determine
9 8 7 8
whether the function is even or odd or neither.
4 A bag holds 5 red, 4 blue and 3 yellow marbles. What is
the probability that a randomly chosen marble is yellow? Section II
1 1 1 1 Question 11 (15 marks)
A B C D
2 3 4 6 a P, Q and R are the points (–2, 1), (1, 6) and (6, 3)
respectively.
5 If f(x) = x2 – 7x + 4, then f" (3) = ?
i Find the midpoint, M, of PR. (1 mark)
A 2 B 3 C 4 D –7 ii Find the gradient of PR. (1 mark)
iii Find the length of PR. (1 mark)
6 Which is not a primitive function of x 2 + 5x?
iv If M is the midpoint of QS, find the
x 3 5x 2 coordinates of S. (1 mark)
A + +4 B x + 5x
3 2
3 2 v Show that QS is perpendicular to PR. (2 marks)
1 1 3 5 2 vi Using the information from the previous
© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 251 4

C (2x 3 + 15x 2 – 1) D x + x −7
6 3 2 parts, what type of quadrilateral is PQRS?
Justify your answer. (2 marks)
7 If α and β are the roots of the equation
3x2 + 6x – 5 = 0 then α + β = b Use Simpson’s rule with five function values to
4
∫0 3
x
1 1 approximate dx (2 marks)
A B – C 2 D –2
2 2

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c PQRS is a square of side 2 m. M is the midpoint of SR. b Four girls and five boys play a game where all have an
PM and QS intersect at X. equal chance of winning. Three games are played and
the winner of any game is not permitted to play in the
P 2m Q following games. What is the probability that:
i all games are won by girls (1 mark)
2m ii at least one game is won by a boy (1 mark)
X
iii exactly two games are won by boys? (2 marks)
S M R
c The diagram shows the parabola x 2 = 16y.
i Show that triangles PQX and
x 2 = 16y
MSX are similar. (2 marks) y

ii Show that the length of PM is 5 m . (1 mark) Q

iii Hence find the exact length of PX. (2 marks)

P(4, 1)
Question 12 (15 marks) x
0
a Differentiate:
i e x sin x (2 marks) i Show that the equation of the normal to
ii loge(x 2 + 4) (2 marks) the curve x 2 = 16y at the point P (4, 1)
is y = –2x + 9. (2 marks)
b Evaluate: ii Find the coordinates of the point Q
where the normal cuts the curve again. (2 marks)
4 dx
i ∫1 x
(2 marks) iii Hence find the area shaded in
the diagram. (2 marks)
π

ii ∫0 sin2x dx (2 marks)
6
d An orchard is trapezoidal in shape. There are 20 trees in
the first row and 95 trees in the last row. The difference
between the number of trees between successive rows
c Solve 2 cos α – 1 = 0 for 0 ≤ α ≤ 2π. (2 marks) is constant. There is a total of 1495 trees in the orchard.
i Find the number of rows of trees. (2 marks)
d The diagram shows a sector of a circle, centre O, ii In any row, how many more trees are there
radius 10 cm. than in the previous row? (2 marks)
A
Question 14 (15 marks)
10 cm a The acceleration (in m s–2) of a moving particle
B
3π d 2x dx
5 is 2 = –2. When t = 0, = 6 and x = 7.
O dt dt
10 cm i Find an expression for the velocity
C of the particle. (1 mark)
ii Find an expression for the displacement. (1 mark)
i Find the exact length of the arc ABC. (1 mark) iii Find the time when the particle is at rest. (1 mark)
ii Find the area of the sector, correct iv Find the distance travelled in the first
to one decimal place. (2 marks) five seconds. (2 marks)
© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 251 4

e If sin x ≠ ±1 show that

1 + sin2 x + sin4 x + sin6 x + . . . = sec2 x (2 marks)

Question 13 (15 marks)

a Find the gradient of the tangent to the curve
π
y = tan x at the point where x = (1 mark)
4

Excel HSC Mathematics Study Guide Sample HSC Examinations 221

 b The section of the curve y = ln x between y = 0 and ii The population of which town will be
y = 2 is rotated about the y-axis. larger in 2020? Justify your answer. (2 marks)
y y = ln x iii During what year will the population
of Whenever first exceed that of Whynot? (3 marks)
2
c Kyle intends to invest $5000 on 1st July each year
into a superannuation fund, beginning in
x July 2005. What will be the value of his
0
investment on 30th June 2035 if the fund
pays 6.5% per annum interest? (3 marks)
i Show that the volume of the solid generated
2 Question 16 (15 marks)
is given by V = π ∫ e2 y dy (2 marks)
0
a AD = 1 m. AB = 3m
ii Hence show that the exact volume is BD = BC = 2 m
π 4
2
( )
e − 1 units3 (2 marks)
Let AC = x m

A B
30°
c A child’s swimming pool, which at first had 900 litres
of water in it, is being filled. The volume flow rate R
60°
of water in litres per minute is given by R = 80 – 2t 45°
i For how long will water flow into the pool? (1 mark) D
C
ii At what rate is the water flowing into
the pool after 15 minutes? (1 mark) i Use the cosine rule in triangle ABC
iii Find an expression for V, the volume to show that x 2 = 7 + 2 3 (1 mark)
of water in the pool at time t minutes. (1 mark)
iv How many litres of water does ii Use the cosine rule in triangle ADC
the pool hold? (1 mark) to show that x 2 = 9 + 4 2 cos 75° (2 marks)
v How long will it take for the pool
to hold 2400 litres? (2 marks) 6− 2
iii Hence show that cos 75° = (2 marks)
4
Question 15 (15 marks)
b Consider the curve y = 2xe–x
a A rectangular box is made from cardboard. The box has i Where does the curve cross the y-axis? (1 mark)
a square base of side length l cm and height h cm.
The box has an extra flap at the top, effectively making dy
ii Show that = 2e–x (1 – x) (2 marks)
two lids. dx
d2y
iii Show that = –2e–x (2 – x) (2 marks)
dx 2
iv Find the turning point and determine
its nature. (2 marks)
If the volume of the box is 768 cm : 3 v Find the point where the curve
i show that the area, A m2, of cardboard changes concavity. (1 mark)
needed to make the box is given by vi Determine the behaviour of y as x → ∞
3072 and as x → –∞ (1 mark)
A = 3l 2 +
l vii Sketch the graph of y = 2xe–x (1 mark)
© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 251 4

(2 marks)
ii find the dimensions of the box that uses
the minimum amount of cardboard. (3 marks)

b The population of two towns, Whenever and Whynot,

are given by the following formulas
Whenever: P = 3000e 0.02t
Whynot: Q = 5000e –0.03t
where t is the time in years since 2001.
i Briefly compare the two populations over time,
with reference to initial populations and growth rates. Go to p 234 for Quick Answers
(2 marks) or pp 327–31 for Worked Solutions

222 ExcelHSC
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Guide
 Quick Answers
to Sample HSC Examinations
Sample HSC Examination 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p 214
Section I
1 B 2 A 3 D 4 A 5 B 6 D 7 C 8 C 9 C 10 B
Section II
4 1 893
11a i − ii 5x – 4y – 12 = 0 iii (0, –3) iv 41 units vi 20.5 units2 b i xe x (x + 2) ii 3 sin x (1 – cos x)2 c i ii
5 20 990
1 1 π 5π 7π 11π
12a 12 m b i loge(x2 + 1) + C ii c x=, , or d i (0, 0) and (6, 0) ii minimum (0, 0), maximum at (4, 32)
2 2 6 6 6 6
dI d 2I
iii (2, 16) iv x < 2 13a i y = 3x – 9 ii 4.5 units2 c i 49 minutes ii 31 iii 14 hours d i > 0, 2 < 0 ii See diagram below
dt dt
14a i t = 3 ii 16 m to the right of O iii 1 m s–2 iv It is initially 2 m left of O moving left and slowing down. It comes to rest after 3
seconds and then moves right at increasing speed reaching a position 16 m to the right of the origin after 6 seconds. b i 2% ii 8700
iii 175 people per year iv 2037 c i and ii See diagram below iii 3 15a π 3 units3 b i 360 ii See diagram below iii 2560t
c ii An = 170 000 (1.006)n – M (1 + 1.006 + … + 1.006 n – 1) iii $1223.30 iv $196 990 16a y = ex + e–x – 2 c i (e2 – 1) units2
1
ii [1 + 4e + e2]
3
Diagrams: 13 d ii I 14 c i and ii y y=x 15 b ii R
y = 3 sin 2x 360
3

–2π
–
3π –π –
π 0 π π 3π 2π x
2 2 2 2

0 t –3 0 t

Sample HSC Examination 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p 217

Section I
1 C 2 B 3 A 4 D 5 A 6 D 7 B 8 C 9 D 10 C
Section II y
16
11a $40 978 b iii (6, –1) iv See the diagram on the right v 2 26 units vi units
26
5 7 7 1 1 P(2,3)
R(–4,1)
2
vii 16 units2 c i ii iii iv 12a i 2 xe x ii –6 sin 2x b − + C c loge2
8 24 8 4
( )
2
1 4 2x +1 x
0
d 5 e i 3 mm s–1 ii h = 36t 3 + 108 or 36 3 t + 108  iii 12 min 9 sec 13a i 7800 m ii 9 km S(6,–1) l2
 
10 π 3π l 1
b –1 c 4 d i 15° e 14a 0 ≤ x < and < x ≤ 2π b 2x + 4y – 5 = 0 c 2π units3
21 2 2
d i a = –3, b = –9 ii maximum when x = –1, minimum when x = 3 iii absolute maximum 49,
absolute minimum –32 15a i 0.386 ii logex iii 0.386 iv Simpson’s rule is accurate to 3 decimal places. b i A ii t = 2 and t = 8
1
iii 30 – 6t iv 500 v 0, Particle B is undergoing no acceleration. It is travelling at a constant speed. 16a i a = 1 iii units2 b iii r2
4
vi 4r when θ = 2

Sample HSC Examination 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p 220

Section I
1 B 2 C 3 A 4 C 5 A 6 B 7 D 8 D 9 B 10 C
Section II 1 1 2 5
© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 251 4

11a i (2, 2) ii iii 2 17 units iv (3, –2) vi Rhombus, the diagonals bisect each other at right angles. b 73 c iii units
4 3 3
2 x 1 π 5π 1 20 10
12a i e x (cos x + sin x) ii 2 b i 2 ii c α = or d i 6π cm ii 94.2 cm2 13a 2 b i ii iii c ii (–36, 81)
x +4 4 3 3 21 21 21
2
iii 666 units2 d i 26 rows ii 3 14a i v =–2t + 6 ii x = –t 2 + 6t + 7 iii t = 3 iv 13 m
3 y
c i 40 minutes ii 50 litres per minute iii V = 80t – t 2 + 900 iv 2500 litres v 30 minutes (1, 2e–1)
15a ii 8 cm long and 12 cm high b i Whenever had a population of 3000 in 2001 and is growing (2, 4e–2)
at 2% per year. Whynot had a population of 5000 in 2001, but its population is decreasing at 3% per x
year. ii Whenever, 4400 compared to 2800 iii 2012 c $459 946 16b i (0, 0) 0
iv maximum (1, 2e–1) v (2, 4e–2) vi As x → ∞, y → 0+. As x → –∞, y → –∞ vii See diagram on
the right y = 2xe–x

234 HSC
Quick
Excel Mathematics
Answers Study
to Sample HSCGuide
Examinations
 Worked Solutions
to Sample HSC Examinations
1 ii Perpendicular line has gradient
Sample HSC 9 = a+b 3
5
Examination 1 . . . . . . . p 214 3 +2 m= 3
1 1 3 −2 4
Section I (10 marks) = × 5
1 sin
2π  π
= sin  π − 
3 +2 3 +2 3 −2 m=
4
( )
, 4, 2
3  3
=
3 −2 y − y1 = m x − x1 ( )
π
( 3) − 2
2
5
= sin
3
2
y −2= x −4
4
( )
3 B 4 y − 8 = 5 x − 20
= 3 −2
2 = 5 x − 4 y − 12 = 0 3(2 marks)
3−4
3 −2 iii At R, x = 0
4x 3 × 6x 8 24x 11
2
12x 12 ÷ 3x −7
=
4x 19
=
−1 ()
5 0 − 4y − 12 = 0
= − 3 +2 −4y = 12
6 A
= y = −3
x8 = 2− 3
So a = 2 and b = −1. C ∴ R is the point 0, – 3 ( ) 3
(1 mark)
3 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 +… 10 y
1  16 
y=x–3 ( ) ( )
iv P 4, 2 , R 0, − 3
Geometric series: a = 32 , r =  
2  32  d = (x − x ) + ( y − y )
2 2
2 1 2 1
a
S=
= ( 0 − 4 ) + ( −3 − 2)
x 2 2
1− r
32
= = 41
1− 21 x+y=0 ∴ length of PR is 41 units 3
= 64 D (1 mark)
Test a point in the shaded region.
Say (–1, 0 ). ( ) ( )
v P 4, 2 , Q 9, − 2
loge 7 Now x + y = −1+ 0
d = (x − x ) + ( y − y )
2 2
4 log5 7 =
loge 5 = −1 ( < 0 ) 2 1 2 1

= ( 9 − 4 ) + ( −2 − 2)
2 2
= 1.20906195 So at (–1, 0 ), x + y < 0
= 1.209 3 d.p.  Now x − 3 = −1− 3
A = 41
= −4
∴ length of PQ is 41 units
2
5 sinθ cosθ + sin θ =
sinθ cosθ + sinθ ( ) and y = 0
∴ PQ = PR
3

sinθ cosθ + cos θ cosθ sinθ + cosθ

2
( ) So at (–1, 0 ), y > x − 3
The region is where x + y ≤ 0
∴ ∆PQR is isosceles 3(2 marks)
sinθ
= and y ≥ x − 3. B 1
cosθ vi A = bh
2
= tanθ B Section II (90 marks) 1
= × 41 × 41
11 a P(4, 2), Q(9, –2) 2
1
6 ()
f x =
x 2 y
= 20.5
∴ area of ∆PQR is 20.5 units2 3
= x −2 P(4, 2) (1 mark)
x −1
()
F x =
−1
+C b i y = x 2e x

=
−1
+C D
0 x
Q(9, –2)
dy
dx
= x2 ×
d x
dx
e ( )
R
( )
x
© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 251 4

d 2
+ ex × x
( )
7 Centre –2,3 , radius 4
2 x
dx
x
y 2 − y1 = x × e + e × 2x 3
The equation of the circle is i m=
( x − (–2)) + ( y − 3)
2 2
= 42
x 2 − x1 = x ex x + 2 ( 3(2 marks))
−2 − 2
( x + 2) + ( y − 3) = ( )
2 2 3
= 16 C ii y = 1− cos x
9−4
dy
4
( )
2
=− 3 (1 mark) = 3 1− cos x
8 2x 2 + 8x + 5 = 0 5 dx
d
∆ = b2 – 4ac × 1− cos x ( ) 3
= 82 – 4 × 2 × 5 dx
( )
2
= 24 = 3 1− cos x × sin x
∴ the roots are real [∆ > 0]
( )
2
but not rational. = 3 sin x 1− cos x 3(2 marks)
[∆ is not a perfect square] C
320 Worked
Excel HSCSolutions Sample HSC
Mathematics Examinations
Study Guide Exam 1 Q1–11
 5 When x = 0, y = 0 Area of shaded triangle:
c i (
P first prize = )
()
2
100 When x = 4, y = 6 4 − 43 1
A = bh
1 = 32 2
= 3(1 mark)
20 The stationary points are 0, 0 ( ) 1
= ×3×9
2
95 94
(
and 4, 32 . ) 3 = 13.5 3
(
ii P no prize = ) ×
100 99
3 y ′′ = 12 − 6 x Area under parabola:
When x = 0, y ′′ = 12 ( > 0 ) 6x
2
893 A= ∫
=
990
3(2 marks) ∴ there is a minimum at 0, 0 ( ) 0 4
dx

Total for Q11: 15 marks When x = 4, y ′′ = −12 ( < 0 )  x3 

6

12 a
1 2 ∴ there is a maximum at 4, 32 3 ( ) = 
12 0
A= r θ (4 marks)
2
1 π iii When y ′′ = 0 63 03
20π = × r 2 × 50° × = − 3
2 180°
3 12 − 6 x = 0 12 12
6 x = 12 = 18
5π r 2
= Required area
36 x =2
2
r = 20π ×
36 If x < 2, y ′′ > 0 (
= 18 − 13.5 uniits2 )
5π If x > 2, y ′′ < 0 = 4.5 units2 3(3 marks)
= 144 There is a point of inflection
∴ r = 12 ( r > 0 ) b A B
at x = 2.
∴ radius of sector is 12 m 3
()
2
When x = 2 , y = 6 2 − 23
(2 marks)
x = 16 X
b i ∫ x 2 + 1dx The point of inflection is 2, 16 . 3 ( )
1 2x (1 mark) C
D
2 ∫ x 2 +1
= dx 3 iv The curve is concave up
1
(
= loge x 2 + 1 + C
2
) 3
when y ′′ > 0
12 − 6 x > 0
i In ∆ABX, ∆ADX
AXB = AXD (both 90°,
(2 marks) 12 > 6 x AX ^ BD)
π π 2> x AB = AD (sides of rhombus)
ii ∫0 sin x dx =  − cos x 0 AX = AX (common side) 3
3 3
The curve is concave up
π when x < 2. ∴∆ABX ∆ADX RHS 3
= − cos
3
(
− − cos 0 3 ) 3(1 mark)
Total for Q12: 15 marks
(2 marks)
ii ABX = ADX
1 (corresp. s of congruent ∆s)
= − +11 13 a i
2 x 2 = 4y But ABX = CDB
1 x2 (alternate s, parallel lines)
= 3(2 marks) y= 3
2 4 ∴ ADX = CDB
c 3 tan2 x = 1
dy 2x ∴BD bisects ADC 3(2 marks)
=
dx 4
1 c 10 + 13 + 16 + 19 +…
tan2 x = x
3 = Arithmetic series: a = 10, d = 3
2
1 dy 6
tan x = ±
3
3 When x = 6, =
dx 2 i (
Tn = a + n − 1 d )
π
Now tan =
1 ∴m=3 3 (
T14 = 10 + 14 − 1 × 3 )
6 3 ( )
6, 9 , m = 3 = 49
π π π
∴ x = , π − , π + , 2π −
π y − y1 = m x − x1( ) ∴ Jenny will exeercise for
6 6
π 5π 7π 11π
6 6
y −9= 3 x −6 ( ) 49 minutes on the 14th day 3
(1 mark)
x= , , , 3(2 marks) y − 9 = 3x − 18
6 6 6 6 ii 1 hour 40 min = 100 min
y = 3x − 9 3(2 marks)
2 3
100 = 10 + n − 1 × 3 ( )
d i y = 6x − x ii The tangent cuts the x -axis 100 = 10 + 3n − 3
© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 251 4

When y = 0, 6x 2 − x 3 = 0 when y =0 93 = 3n
x2 6 − x = 0 ( ) i.e. 3x − 9 = 0 n = 31
x = 0 or x = 6 3x = 9 On the 31st day, Jenny will
The curve meets the x -axis x =3 exeercise for 1 hour and
( ) ( )
at 0, 0 and 6, 0 . 3(1 mark)
y
40 minutes. 3(1 mark)
x 2 = 4y
ii y ′ = 12x − 3x 2 3 9 P(6, 9)
Stationary points occur
when y ′ = 0
i.e. 12x − 3x 2 = 0 x
6
( )
0 3
3x 4 − x = 0
x = 0 or x = 4 cont. 3
Excel HSC Mathematics Study Guide Worked Solutions Sample HSC Examinations Exam 1 Q11–13 321
 iii Three weeks = 21 days b P = P0e
kt 15 a y
n y = sec x
2
(
Sn = 2a + n − 1 d  ) i Let t = 0 in 1991
21 ∴ P0 = 4000
( ) (
S21 = 2 10 + 21− 1 × 3 
2
) In the year 2006,
= 840 3 t = 2006 − 1991 x
0 π
840 minutes = 14 hourss = 15 3

Jenny will have exercised for When t = 15, P = 5400

a total of 14
4 hours at the end 5400 = 4000e ( )
k 15

of three weeks. 3(2 marks) 1.35 = e15k

V = ∫ π y 2 dx
ln 1.35 = 15k
d i Immigration was increasing. π

1 = π ∫ 3 sec2 x dx 3
dI k = ln 1.35 3 0
∴ >0 15 π

dt = 0.020 006 972… = π  tan x  3

0
It was increasing at a
k ≈ 0.02  π  3
decreasing rate. = π  tan − taan 0
∴ growth rate is 2% per year 3  3 
d 2I (2 marks)
∴ 2 <0 3(1 mark) ii In the year 2030, =π 3
dt
t = 2030 − 1991 The volume is π 3 units3 . 3
ii I (3 marks)
= 39
P = 4000e k × 39 360
b R = 360 −
( )
2
= 8728.262 306… 1+ t
= 8700 [nearest hundred]
3(1 mark) In 20330, the population will
( )
2
i As t → ∞, 1+ t →∞
0 t be approximately 870 00. 3
Total for Q13: 15 marks 360
(1 mark) →0
14 a v = t 2 + t – 12
( )
2
dP 1+ t
iii = kP
i Particle is at rest when v = 0 dt ∴ R → 360 3(1 mark)
i.e. t 2 + t − 12 = 0 = k × 8728.262 306…
( )(
t +4 t −3 = 0 ) = 174.626 1068…
ii R

t = −4 or t = 3 = 175 [neearest unit] 360

But t ≥ 0 ∴ t = 3 In 2030, the population will

The particle iss at rest after be increasing at the rate of
3 seconds. 3(1 mark) 175 people per ye ear. 3(1 mark)
3(1 mark)
0 t
ii 2
v = t + t − 12 iv P = 10000
t3 t2 10000 = 4000 e k t
x = + − 12t + C  
3 2 2.5 = e k t 8
 360 − 360  dt
iii Total = ∫0 
When t = 0, x = −2 ln 2.5 = kt
( )
1+ t 
2

= ∫ ( 360 − 360 (1+ t ) ) dt
0 3 02 1
−2 =
3
+
2
− 12 0 + C () t = ln 2.5
k
3 8 −2
0
C = −2 = 45.798 569 31… 8
= 360t + 360 (1+ t )  3
−1
t3 t2 During the 46th year,
∴ x = + − 12t − 2 3   0
3 2 the population should
360
When t = 6, reach 10 000 = 360 × 8 +
1+ 8
6 3 62 i.e. in thee year 2037. 3(2 marks)
x= + − 12 6 − 2 () 
−  360 × 0 +
360 
3 2
c i and ii  1 + 0 
= 16
y y=x = 2560
After 6 seconds the parrticle y = 3 sin 2x
3
3 ∴ 25
560 tonnes of resources
is 16 m to the right of O.
(2 marks) will be used in the first
3(2 marks)
© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 251 4

iii a = 2t + 1
–2π
–
3π
2
–π –
π
2
0 π
2
π 3π
2
2π x 8 hours
When t = 0, a = 2 0 + 1() 3
–3
3 3 (3 marks) c P = 170 000, r = 0.6
=1
∴ initial acceleration is 1 m s–2 3 iii From the graph y = x and i ( )
A1 = 170000 1.006 − M 3
(1 mark) y = 3 sin 2x have three points of A2 = A (1.006 ) − M
1
iv The particle is initially 2 m to the intersection.
left of the origin moving left (the ∴ 3 sin 2x = x has = 170000 (1.006 ) − M 
velocity is negative) and slowing three solutions. 3(1 mark) × (1.006 ) − M
down (the acceleration is positive,
= 170000 (1.006 )
2
Total for Q14: 15 marks
opposite the velocity). It comes
to rest after 3 s and then moves − M (1.006 ) − M
= 170000 (1.006 )
right at increasing speed reaching 2

a position 16 m to the right of the

origin after 6 s. 3(1 mark) − M (1+ 1.006 ) 3
cont.
322 Worked Solutions
Excel HSC Sample HSC
Mathematics Examinations
Study Guide Exam 1 Q13–15
 dy
( )
A3 = A2 1.006 − M 16 a
dx
= e x − e− x The volume of the cone:
1
= [170000 (1.006 ) V = π r 2h
2
e− x 3
y = ex − +C
− M (1+ 1.006 )] (1.006 ) − M −1 1
x
= e +e +C −x 3 = × π × 92 × 15
= 170000 (1.006 ) 3
3
The curve paasses through = 405π
(
− M 1.006 + 1.0062 − M ) the origin. The volume of the cone
∴ when x = 0, y = 0
( ) is 405π cm3 .
3
= 170000 1.006
0 = e 0 + e −0 + C 180π
(
− M 1+ 1.006 + 1.0062 3 ) 0 = 1+ 1+ C
Ratio of volumes =
405π
(3 marks) C = −2 4 3(2 marks)
=
( )
n
ii An = 170000 1.006 The equation of the curve 9
− M (1+ 1.006 +…+ 1.006n −1) 3 is y = e x + e − x − 2. 3(2 marks) c i y
Geome etric series: A A y = ex
b
a = 1, r = 1.006, n = n

Sn =
(
a r n −1 ) C
15 cm
C
h cm
r cm
r −1 (9 – r) cm
O 1
( )
D O D B
B
1 1.006n − 1 9 cm 9 cm x
= 0 2
1.006 − 1
1.006n − 1 i ∠AOB = ∠CDB (both 90° ) 2 x
=
0.006 ∠ABO = ∠CBD ( common ∠ )
A= ∫0 e dx
( ) ∴∆AOB and ∆CDB are similar 3
n 2
∴ An = 170000 1.006 = e x  3
 1.006n − 1 h 9−r 0

3 ∴ = (corresponding = e −e 2 0
−M  15 9 sides of similar ∆s)
 0.006  = e2 − 1
(2 marks) h r The exact area
iii 25 years = 300 months
A300 = 170000 1.006 ( )
300 15
= 1−
9 ( )
is e2 − 1 units2 . 3(2 marks)
15r
h = 15 −
 1.006300 − 1 9 b
−M  5r
ii
∫a f ( x ) dx
 0.006  = 15 − 3(2 marks)
3 b−a  a + b 
If the loan is repaid after ≈ f ( a ) + 4f  + f (b )
6   2  
25 years, A300 = 0 ii V = π r 2h 2 x

0 = 170000 1.006 ( )
300
 5r  ∫0 e dx
= π r 2 15 −  2−0  0
 1.006300 − 1  3 ≈ e + 4e1 + e2  3
−M  3 5π r3 6 
 0.006  3(1 mark)
 1.006300 − 1
= 15π r 2 −
3
1
(
= 1+ 4e + e2
3
)
3(2 marks)
M 
 0.006  dV

( )
= 170000 1.006
300
iii
dr
= 30π r − 5π r 2
dV
iii
1
e2 − 1 ≈
3
1+ 4e + e2 ( )
When =0 3e2 − 3 ≈ 1+ 4e + e2
170000 (1.006 ) ( 0.006 )
300
dr
M= 2
30π r − 5π r = 0
2
2e − 4e − 4 ≈ 0
1.006300 − 1
= 1223.300 775… (
5π r 6 − r = 0 ) e2 − 2e − 2 ≈ 0 3
= 1223.30 (2 d.p.) r = 0 or r = 6 3 By the quadratic formula:

( ) ( −2)
2
The amount of each monthly dV2
− −2 ± − 4 × 1× −2
= 30π − 10π r e≈
insstalment would be $1223.30 3 dr 2 2 ×1
(2 marks)
d 2V 2 ± 12
iv Total repaid < 0 when r = 6 e≈
dr 2 2
= $1223.30 × 300
© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 251 4

The maximum volume occurs 2±2 3

= $366990 when r = 6. 3(2 marks) e≈
2
Total interest
e ≈ 1± 3
= $366990 − $170000 5π r 3
iv V = 15π r 2 − But e > 0 ∴ e ≈ 1+ 3 3
= $196990 3(1 mark)
3 (2 marks)
Total for Q15: 15 marks When r = 6, Total for Q16: 15 marks
()
3
5π 6
()
2
V = 15π 6 − Sample HSC
3
= 180π Examination 2 . . . . . . . p 217
The maximum possible volume Section I (10 marks)
2π
er is 180π cm3 .
of the cylinde 3 1 sin = 0.951056 516…
5
cont. = 0.951 [3 d.p.] C

Excel HSC Mathematics Study Guide Worked Solutions Sample HSC Examinations Exam 1 Q15–16 and Exam 2 Q1 323
 2 log4 8 − log4 2 = log4
8 Section II (90 marks)
( )
vi P 2, 3 , x + 5 y − 1= 0
2 11 a P = $20000, r = 0.75, n = 96 Ax1 + By1 + C
= log4 4 n d=
 r  A2 + B 2
=1 B An = P 1+
 100  1× 2 + 5 × 3 − 1
=
3 Geometric series:
( )
96
A96 = $20 000 1.0075 12 + 52
a = 3, r = −2 , n = 10
= $40 978.424 56… 16
Tn = ar n −1 = units 3(1 mark)
= $40 978 [nearesst dollar] 3 26
( )
10 −1
T10 = 3 × −2 (1 mark)
b y
= −1536
A 1
The tenth term is –1536. vii A = bh
2
P(2, 3) 1 16
(
4 P Jo wins all 3 games ) = × 2 26 ×
2 26
= 0.3 × 0.3 × 0.3 45° Q x
0
= 16
= 0.027 D ∴ area of triangle
l1
is 16 units2 3(1 mark)
5 2 = 0.7357588
e i l1 meets the positive x -axis
= 0.736 [3 sig. figs.] A at an angle of c 48 – 6 = 42 students study physics
or chemistry
180° − 45° = 135° 6
26 + 30 = 56 P C
2 m = tanθ
6 y = 9− x study physics or 12 14 16
= tan135° chemistry or both
Domain: 9 − x 2 ≥ 0 3
= −1 56 – 42 = 14
x2 ≤ 9
−3 ≤ x ≤ 3 D ( )
P 2, 3 , m = −1 study both physics and chemistry
y − y1 = m x − x1 ( ) (
i P chemistry =
30
)
7 8 x 3 − 27 y 3 y − 3 = −1 x − 2 ( ) 48
5
y − 3 = −x + 2 = 3(1 mark)
( ) − (3 y )
3 3
= 2x 3(2 marks) 8
x + y −5= 0
= (2 x − 3 y ) ((2 x ) + (2 x )( 3 y ) + ( 3 y ) )
2 2
14
ii l 2 : x + 5 y − 1= 0, R −4, 1 ( ) (
ii P studies both = )
= (2 x − 3 y ) (4 x + 6 xy + 9 y )
2 2 48
B When x = −4 and y = 1 7
x + 5 y − 1= −4 + 5 1 − 1 () =
24
3(1 mark)
8 M = 40 e −0.06 t =0
42
When t = 8, ∴ R lies on the line l 2 3(1 mark) (
iii P physics or chemistry =
48
)
M = 40 e −0.06 × 8
iii x + y − 5 = 0 [i] 7
= 25.75133 = 3
x + 5y − 1 = 0 [ii] 8
= 25 [nearest whole (1 mark)
[ii] − [i]: 4y + 4 = 0
number]
4y = −4 (
iv P physics but not chemistry )
∴ the mass remaining is 3 12
y = −1 =
about 25 g. C 48
Substitute into [i]:
x − 1− 5 = 0 1
= 3(1 mark)
π x =6 4
π
Total for Q11: 15 marks
∫0 sec x dx =  tan x  3 ( )
2
9 3
∴ S is the point 6, –1 3 2
0
(2 marks) 12 a i y = ex
π
= tan − tan 0
3 iv y
dy
dx
2
= ex ×
d 2
dx
x ( )
3
= 3−0 x2
= e × 2x
= 3 D
R(–4,1) P(2,3) = 2x e x
2
3(2 marks)
10 y x
© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 251 4

0
y = logex S(6,–1) l2 ii y = 3 cos 2x
l1 dy
= 3 × ( − sin2x ) × 2 3
0 x 3(1 mark) dx
= −6 sin2x 3(2 marks)
C ( ) ( )
v R −4, 1 , S 6, − 1

(x − x ) + ( y − y )
2 2
d= dx
∫ (2x + 1)
−3 3
2 1 2 1 3 b ∫ = dx
(2x +1)
3

(6 − ( −4)) + ( −1−1)
2 2
=
(2x +1)
−2
= 104 = +C
= 2 26 −2 × 2
1
∴ length of RS is 2 26 uniits 3 =− +C 3
( )
2
(2 marks) 4 2x + 1 (2 marks)
324 Excel HSC
Worked Mathematics
Solutions Study
Sample HSC Guide
Examinations Exam 2 Q2–12
 13 a i 4th Ave d A B
2 21
c ∫1 x −1 dx = ∫1 x dx 100 m
F
3rd Ave
E
100 m
2 F
= loge x  3 100 m 2nd Ave 100 m C
1 C D
= loge 2 − loge 1 100 m 1st Ave 100 m
= log
ge 2 − 0 B A E D
100 m 60° 100 m
= loge 2 3(2 marks)
O i ABD = 90° ( of square)
AOB = 60°, AO = BO DBC = 60° ( of equilat. ∆)
b ∴ ∆AOB is equilateral ∴ ABC = 90° + 60°
d ∫1 x dx = 12 (and ∆COD and so on) = 150° 3
b AB = BD (sides of square)
b  x2  AB = 100 m, CD = 200 m, … 3 BC = BD (sides of equilat. ∆)
∫1 x dx =  2  Length of run along avenues ∴ AB = BC
 1
b2 12 3 = (100 + 200 + 300 + ∴ ACB = BAC ( s opp.
= − …+1200) m equal sides, isos. ∆)
2 2
This is an arithmetic seriess: ABC + ACB
b2 1
∴ − = 12 a = 100, d = 100, + BAC = 180° ( sum of ∆)
2 2 150° + 2 BAC = 180°
2
b − 1= 24 n = 12, l = 1200
n 2 BAC = 30°
b2 = 25 Sn = a + l
2
( ) ∴ BAC = 15° 3
b = 5 (b > 0) 3(2 marks) (2 marks)
12
12
S12 =
2
(
100 + 1200 ) ii In ∆ABF, ∆CBF
e R= AB = CB (proven)
3 2 = 7800 AF = CF (given F is midpoint
t
∴ the run along avenues of AC)
12 is 7800 m 3(2 marks) BF = BF (common side) 3
i When t = 8, R= 3 ∴ ∆ABF ∆CBF SSS 3
82 (2 marks)
=3 ii Length of run along roads
After 8 seconds the height = (100 + 100 + 100 + iii ABF = CBF (corresp. s
3 of congruent ∆s)
is increasing at 3 mm s–1 …+ 100) m
(1 mark) But ABC = 150° 3
= 12 × 100 m
dh 12 ∴ ABF = 75°
ii = = 1200 m
dt 3 t 2 BAE = 90° ( of square)
− 23
(
Total length = 7800+1200 m ) But BAC = 15°
= 12t = 9000 m
1 ∴ CAE = 90° – 15°
12t 3
∴ length of the fun run is 9 km 3 = 75°
h= +C
1 (1 mark) ∴ ABF = EAC (both 75°) 3
3
1
(2 marks)
= 36t + C 3
3 b 1+ 3x + 32 x + 33 x +… e 2nd
When t = 8, h = 180 Infinite geometric series: apple
()
1

180 = 36 8 + C 3
a = 1, r = 3x , S = 1.5 1st 11
apple 20 R
180 = 72 + C a
S= 12 R 9
G
C = 108 1− r 21 20
1 1 Box 12
∴ h = 36t 3 + 108 1.5 = 3 1 20 R
1− 3x A
2 9 G G
8
[or h = 36 3 t + 108] 3(2 marks) 1 21
1− 3 x = 20
7
1.5 8 14
iii When h = 432 2 1 R
15 R
1 = 2 B G
3 7
432 = 36t + 108 3
14
1
x 1 7 8
324 = 36t 3 3 = 15 G 14
R
1 3
6
t =9
3
= 3−1 14
G
t = 93 ∴ x = −1 3(2 marks)
© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 251 4

= 729 3 (
P apples same colour )
729 seconds c (
2 ln x = ln 3x + 4 ) ( ) (
= P A: RR + P A: GG )
= 12 minutes 9 seconds ln x 2 = ln( 3x + 4 ) 3
+ P (B: RR ) + P (B: GG) 3
It takes 12 minutes and 2
∴ x = 3x + 4 1 12 11 1 9 8
9 seconds for the contaainer = × × + × ×
to be filled. x 2 − 3x − 4 = 0 2 21 20 2 21 20 0
3(2 marks)
Total for Q12: 15 marks
( )(
x +1 x − 4 = 0 ) 1 8 7
+ × ×
1 7 6
+ × ×
x = −1 or x = 4 2 15 14 2 15 14
But x > 0 ∴ x = 4 3(2 marks) 10 3(2 marks)
=
21
Total for Q13: 15 marks

Excel HSC Mathematics Study Guide Worked Solutions Sample HSC Examinations Exam 2 Q12–13 325
 14 a y = x + cos x d f ( x ) = x 3 + ax 2 + bx − 5 ii y = x loge x − x
dy dy d
dx
= 1− sin x i f ′( x ) = 3 x 2 + 2ax + b dx
=x×
dx
(
loge x )
d2y ( ) ( ) ( )
2
d
dx 2
= − cos x 3 f ′ −1 = 3 −1 + 2a −1 + b + (loge x ) ×
dx
()
x −1
= 3 − 2a + b
Curve is conccave down 1 3
The function has a stationary =x× + (loge x ) × 1− 1
d2y value at x = −1 x
when <0 = 1+ loge x − 1
dx 2
i.e. − cos x < 0
( )
∴ f ′ −1 = 0 3
= loge x 3(2 marks)
∴ 3 − 2a + b = 0 [i]
cos x > 0 3
() () ()
2
f ′ 3 = 3 3 + 2a 3 + b 2
cos is positive in the first and
fourth quadrants = 27 + 6a + b
iii ∫1 loge x dx
2
=  x loge x − x  3
∴ the curve is concave down The function has a stationary 1
π
when 0 ≤ x < and
value at x = 3 = 2 loge 2 − 2 − 1loge 1− 1 ( )
2 ()
∴f ′ 3 = 0 3 = 0.386 294 361…
3π ∴ 27 + 6a + b = 0 [ii] = 0.386 (3 d.p.) 3(2 marks)
when < x ≤ 2π 3(3 marks)
2 [ii] − [i]: 24 + 8a = 0
iv Simpson’s rule gives a good
8a = −24
b y = e2x −1 approximation of the integral. It is
a = −3
dy accurate to 3 decimal places. 3
= 2e2x −1 Substitute into [i]: (1 mark)
dx
1 dy 2( 1 )−1 ( )
3 − 2 −3 + b = 0 b x A = 15t 2 − t 3 , x B = 48t − 9
When x = , = 2e 2 9+b = 0
2 dx
= 2e 0 b = −9 3(3 marks) i v A = 30t − 3t 2
=2
() () ()
2
ii f ′ x = 3 x 2 + 2ax + b When t = 3, v A = 30 3 − 3 3
∴ gradient of tangent is 2
= 3x 2 − 6 x − 9 = 63 3
1 3
∴ gradient of normal is m = −
2 ()
f ′′ x = 6 x − 6 v B = 48
1
When x = , y = e 2
2( 1 )−1 ( ) ( )
f ′′ −1 = 6 −1 − 6 ∴ particle A is moving faster
when t = 3 3(2 marks)
2 = −12 ( < 0 )
= e0 ∴ there is a maximum
3 ii The particles have the same
=1 whhen x = −1 3
velocity when
1 1 
m = − ,  , 1 () ()
f ′′ 3 = 6 3 − 6 30tt − 3t 2 = 48 3
2 2  = 12 ( > 0 ) 2
3t − 30t + 48 = 0
(
y − y1 = m x − x1 ) ∴ there is a minimum when x = 3 3
t 2 − 10t + 16 = 0
1 1 (2 marks)
y − 1= −  x − 
2 2
iii ()
f x = x 3 + ax 2 + bx − 5
( )(
t −2 t −8 = 0 )
t = 2 or t = 8
1 1 = x 3 − 3x 2 − 9x − 5 ∴ the particles travel at the
y − 1= − x +
( ) ( ) ( )
3 2
2 4 f −2 = −2 − 3 −2 same velocity when t = 2
4y − 4 = −2x + 1
2x + 4y − 5 = 0 3(3 marks) − 9 ( −2) − 5 and t = 8 3(2 marks)
= −7 iii aA = 30 − 6t 3(1 mark)
y
c
() () ()
3 2
f 6 = 6 −3 6 −9 6 −5
5 iv Maximum displacement will
y = 5 – x2 = 49
occur when v A = 0
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 2
3 f −1 = −1 − 3 −1 − 9 −1 − 5
i.e. 30t − 3t 2 = 0
=0
x (
3t 10 − t = 0 )
() () ()
2
0 f 3 = 33 − 3 3 − 9 3 − 5
3 t = 0 or t = 10
= −32 When t = 0,
∴ the absolute maximum of the aA = 30 ( > 0 ) ∴ minimum
y = 5− x2
© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 251 4

function is 49 (when x = 6) When t = 10,

∴ x2 = 5− y and the absolute minimum aA = −30 ( < 0 ) ∴ maximum 3
V = ∫ π x 2 dy is –32 (when x = 3) 3(2 marks) When t = 10,
Total for Q14: 15 marks)
∫3 π (5 − y )dy ( )
5
= 3 b
x A = 15 10 − 103
2
15 a i
∫ f (
a
x ) dx

5 = 500
y2  b−a  a + b 
= π 5 y −  ≈ f ( a ) + 4f   + f (b ) ∴ maximum displacement
 2  6   2  
3 is 500 3(2 marks)
 52  32  
2

()
= π 5 5 − − 5 3 −  () ∫1 loge x dx v aB = 0
 2  2  2 −1
≈ log 1+ 4 loge 1.5 + loge 2  3 Particle B is undergoing no
= 2π 6  e acceleration. It is travelling at a
The exact volume is 2π units3 . 3 = 0.38
85 834 602… constant speed. 3(1 mark)
(2 marks) = 0.386 (3 d.p.) 3(2 marks)
Total for Q15: 15 marks

326 Worked Solutions

Excel HSC Mathematics Study
Sample HSC Guide
Examinations Exam 2 Q14–15
 16 a y i Arc length: l = r θ 2A
y = 3x – 2x 2
Perimeter: P = r + r + r θ i.e. 2 − =0
r2
= 2r + r θ 2A
2=
= r (2 + θ ) r2
P 2
2r = 2 A
2+θ =
x r A = r2
0 a b
y = x3 P
θ = − 2 3(1 mark) d 2P
r = 4 Ar −3
dr 2
i At points of intersection: 1 2 When A = r 2 ,
ii A = r θ
x 3 = 3x 2 − 2x 3 2 d 2P 4
= ( > 0 when r > 0 )
3 2
x − 3x + 2x = 0 1 P  dr 2 r
= r 2  − 2
(
x x 2 − 3x + 2 = 0 ) 2 r
Pr 2
 ∴ minimum perimeter occurs
when A = r 2 3
(
x x −1 x − 2 = 0 )( ) =
2
−r 3(1 mark)
When A = r , 2
x = 0 or x = 1 or x = 2
Pr 2 dA P 2r 2
0 < a < b ∴ a = 1 3(2 marks) iii A = −r , = − 2r P = 2r +
2 dr 2 r
ii Let x = c be the point where Maximum or minimum occu urs = 4r
the curve cuts the x -axis dA 2r 2
when =0 θ= 2
(
0<c <a ) dr r
Required area P =2
i.e. − 2r = 0
The minimum perimeter is 4r
∫c x dx − ∫c (3x − 2x )dx
a 3 a 2 2
= P and this occurs when θ = 2. 3
= 2r
c
+ ∫ x 3 dx 2 (3 marks)
3
0 P = 4r Total for Q16: 15 marks
+ ∫ ( 3 x 2 − 2 x ) dx
c
3 d 2A
0 = −2 ( < 0 ) Sample HSC
dr 2 Examination 3 . . . . . . .
∫0 (3x )
c 2 p 220
But − 2 x dx < 0 ∴ maximum area occurs when Section I (10 marks)
∫0 (3x
)
c c P = 4r .
∴ ∫ x 3 dx + 2
− 2 x dx 1 loge 4 = 1.386 294 361…
0 When P = 4r ,
= 1.3863 (4 d.p.) B
dx − ∫ ( 3 x − 2 x ) dx
c c 4r × r 2
∫0 x
3 2
= A= −r
0 2
Area x −1 x −1
=r 2 3(2 marks) 2 =
a
= ∫ x 3 dx − ∫ 3 x 2 − 2 x dx
a
( ) x −1 x +1 x −1
2
( )( )
c c P 1
iv θ = − 2
c
+ ∫ x 3 dx − ∫ 3 x 2 − 2 x dx
0
c

0
( ) r
When P = 4r ,
=
x +1 C

∫0 x dx − ∫0 (3x − 2x )dx
a a
= 3 2 π
4r 3 40° = 40° ×
θ = −2 180°
= ∫ ( x 3 − ( 3 x 2 − 2 x )) dx r
a

=2 2π
0 = A
= ∫ ( x 3 − 3 x 2 + 2 x ) dx
a
3 9
∴ maximum area, r 2 ,
0 (2 marks) occurs when θ = 2 3(1 mark) 4 Number of marbles = 5 + 4 + 3
= 12
∫0 ( x )
1 3
iii A = − 3 x 2 + 2 x dx Pr 2
v 3
 x4 
1
3
A=
2
−r
(
P yellow =
12
)
=  − x3 + x2 Pr
4 = A+ r2 1 C
 0 2 =
4
14 3 2 Pr = 2A + 2r 2
= −1 +1
4
 04 
P=
2A
+ 2r 5 ()
f x = x 2 − 7x + 4
− − 0 3 + 02 
r
2A ()
f ′ x = 2x − 7
f ′′ ( x ) = 2
 4  P = 2r + 3(1 mark)
© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 251 4

r
1
=
2A ∴ f ′′ ( 3) = 2 A
4 vi P = 2r +
1 r
The area is
4
units2 . 3(2 marks)
= 2r + 2Ar −1
6 ()
f x = x 2 + 5x
3 2
x 5x
b r
dP
= 2 − 2Ar −2 F (x ) = + +C
dr 3 2
2A Option B is not of this form. B
O θ = 2− 2 3
r 2
r A maximuum or minimum occurs 7 3x + 6 x − 5 = 0
dP −b
when =0 α +β =
dr a
−6
=
cont. 3
= −2 D
Excel HSC Mathematics Study Guide Worked Solutions Sample HSC Examinations Exam 2 Q16 and Exam 3 Q1–7 327
 8
80° ( ) ( ) ( )
iv M 2, 2 , S x , y , Q 1, 6 i In ∆PQX, ∆MSX
PQX = MSX (alternate,
x +x y +y 
5.9 cm 7.9 cm M( x , y ) =  , 1 2 1 2 PQ || SR)
 2 2  PXQ = MXS (vert. opposite) 3
  ∴∆PQX ||| ∆MSX (equiangular) 3
60° 40° (2 , 2) =  x 2+1, y 2+ 6  (2 marks)
1 x +1 y +6 ii ∠PSM=90° ( ∠ of square)
A= ab sinC = 2 and =2
2 2 2 SM = 1 m (M is midpoint of SR)
1 x + 1= 4 y +6 = 4 By Pythagoras' theorem:
= × 5.9 × 7.9 × sin 80°
2 x =3 y = −2 PM2 = 22 + 12
= 22.950 944 68
(
S is the point 3, –2 3(1 mark) ) = 4 +1
ea = 23 cm2
Are D =5
9 log 2 = 0.270
a
loga 3 = 0.428 ( ) (
v Q 1, 6 , S 3, − 2 ) ∴ PM = 5 (PM > 0) 3(1 mark)
3 2 y −y
loga 4.5 = loga mQS = 2 1 PX PQ (corr. sides
x 2 − x1 iii =
2 MX MS of similar ∆s)
= loga 32 − loga 2 −2 − 6 PX 2
= =
= 2 loga 3 − loga 2 3 −1 MX 1
= 2 × 0.428 − 0.270 −8 PX = 2MX 3
B = PM = PX + MX
= 0.586 2
= −4 3 = 3MX
()
10 f x = x 2 + 2 x
1 5
MX =
f (− x ) = (− x ) ( )
2 mPR =
+ 2 −x 4 3
= x 2 − 2x 1 5
mPR × mQS = × −4 ∴ PX = 2 ×
( ) ()
f − x ≠ f x , so the function 4
= −1
3
2 5
is not even. ∴ length of PX is units 3
∴ QS is perpendicular to PR 3
( ) ()
f − x ≠ −f x , so the function (2 marks)
3
(2 marks)
is not odd. Total for Q11: 15 marks
vi PQRS is a rhombus. 3
The function is neither even 12 a i y = e x sin x
y
nor odd. C Q dy d
dx
= ex ×
dx
sin x ( )
Section II (90 marks)
11 a i ( ) ( )
P −2, 1 , R 6, 3
M
R
+ sin x ×
d x
dx
e 3 ( )
P x
= e × cos x + sin x × e x
x +x y + y2  x
M( x , y ) =  ,1 2 1
(
= e x cos x + sin x 3(2 marks) )
 2 2 
S
 −2 + 6 1+ 3 
=
 2
,
2 
The diagonals bisect each other ii )
y = loge x 2 + 4 (
3(2 marks)
× (x )
at right angles. dy 1 d
( )
= 2, 2 3(1 mark) [PQRS is actually a square, but =
dx x + 4 dx2
2
+4
the information in the question is 2x
y 2 − y1 only enough to show that it is a = 33(2 marks)
ii m = x2 + 4
x 2 − x1 rhombus.]
3 −1 4 dx 4 − 21
=
6 − −2 ( )
b 5 function values: n = 4 b i ∫1 x
= ∫1 x dx
b−a
2 h= 4
n  x 21 
=
8 4−0 = 1  3
=  2 
1 4 1
= 3(1 mark) =1 4
4 = 2 x 
 1
∫a f ( x )dx
b

(x ) ( ) = 2 4 −2 1
2 2
iii d = − x1 + y 2 − y1
© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 251 4

h
( )
2
≈  y + y 4 + 4 y1 + y 3 + 2 y 2  =2 3(2 marks)
3 0 
(6 − ( −2)) + (3 −1)
2 2
= 4
∫0 3
x π
dx ii
∫0 sin2x dx
6
= 68
= 2 17 ≈
1 0
3
(
3 + 34 + 4 31 + 33 + 2 32  3
 ) ( )  1 6
=  − cos 2 x 
π

∴ length of PR is 2 17 units 3 3(2 marks) 3

= 73 31  2 0
(1 mark)
1  π
c P 2m Q = − cos  2 × 
2  6
 1 
2m −  − cos 2 × 0
 2
( )
X
1 1 1
= − × + ×1
S 1m M 1m R 2 2 2
1
= 3(2 marks)
328 Excel HSC
Worked Mathematics
Solutions Study
Sample HSC Guide
Examinations Exam 3 Q8–12 4
 c 2 cos α − 1= 0
2 cos α = 1
13 a y = tan x ii At Q , x 2 = 16 −2 x + 9 ( )
dy
= sec2 x x 2 = −32 x + 144
1 dx
cos α = 3 2
x + 32 x − 144 = 0
2 π dy π
Now cos =
π 1
When x = ,
4 dx
= sec2
4 ( )(
x + 36 x − 4 = 0 )
3 2 1 x = −36 or x = 4
=
cos is positive in first and
 π
2 At P, x = 4
fourth quadrants.  co s ∴ at Q, x = −36 3
4 
π π When x = −36,
∴ α = or α = 2π − =2
3 3
∴ the gradient of the tangent
y = −2 −36 + 9 ( )
π 5π = 81
α = or α = 3(2 marks) is 2 3(1 mark)
3 3 ∴ Q is the point –36, 81 3 ( )
4 3 2
A
b i (
P GGG = × × )
9 8 7
(2 marks)
d 4  x2 
=
1
3(1 mark)
iii A = ∫−36  −2x + 9 − 16  dx
10 cm 21
B 
4
x3 
3π (
ii P at least one B ) = − x 2 + 9x − 
48 
3

O
5 = 1− P GGG ( )  −36
43
10 cm = 1−
1 2
= −4 + 9 4 − ()
48
21

) ( )
20  −36
3
C =
21
3(1 mark)
−  − ( −36 )2 + 9 −36 −
 48
( 

i l = rθ  

= 10 ×
3π (
iii P 2 boys, 1 girl ) = 666 3 2

= 6π
5 (
= P BBG + P BGB ) ( ) ∴ shaded area is 666 23 unnits2 3
(2 marks)
The exact length of the arc + P GBB 3
( ) d i The difference between
iss 6π cm. 3(1 mark) 5 4 4 5 4 4
= × × + × × successive rows is co onstant.
9 8 7 9 8 7
Arithmetic series:
4 5 4
1 2 + × × a = 20, l = 95, Sn = 1495
ii A = r θ 9 8 7
n
2
1 3π 3 =
10 3(2 marks) Sn = a + l
2
( )
= × 102 × 21
n
2 5
= 94.247 779 61… c y x 2 = 16y
1495 = 20 + 95
2
( 3 )
= 94.2 (1 d.p
p.) 2990 = n × 115
Q
The area is 94.2 cm2 , correct n = 26
to one decimal place. 3(2 marks) ∴ there are 26 rows of trees 3
(2 marks)
e 1+ sin2 x + sin4 x + sin6 x +… P(4, 1) ii Tn = a + n − 1 d ( )
x
Infinite geometric seriies:
0 95 = 20 + 26 − 1 × d ( 3 )
75 = 25d
a = 1, r = sin2 x
d =3
−1≤ sin x ≤ 1 for all values of x i x 2 = 16 y There are 3 more trees
sin x ≠ ±1 x2 in every row. 3(2 marks)
∴ −1< sin x < 1 y=
16 Total for Q13: 15 marks
0 ≤ sin2 x < 1 dy 2 x
∴ a limiting sum exists 3 = 2
d x
dx 16 14 a i = −2
a x dt 2
S= = dx
1− r 8 = −2t + C1
1 dy 4 dt
= When x = 4, = dx
© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 251 4

1− sin2 x dx 8 When t = 0, =6
1 dt
=
1
cos2 x
=
2
3 ∴ 6 = −2 0 + C1 ()
1 C1 = 6
= sec2 x ∴ gradient of tangent is
2 dx 3(1 mark)
∴1+ siin x + sin4 x
2 ∴ = −2t + 6
mal is m = −2
∴ gradient of norm dt
+ sin6 x +… = sec2 x 3(2 marks) ( )
P 4, 1 , m = −2
ii x = −t 2 + 6t + C2
Total for Q12: 15 marks
(
y − y1 = m x − x1 ) When t = 0, x = 7
y − 1= −2 ( x − 4 )
y − 1= −2 x + 8
∴ 7 = −02 + 6 0 + C2 ()
C2 = 7
y = −2 x + 9 3(2 marks)
∴ x = −t 2 + 6t + 7 3(1 mark)

Excel HSC Mathematics Study Guide Worked Solutions Sample HSC Examinations Exam 3 Q12–14 329
 iii Particle is at rest when iii V = 80t − t 2 + C 768
dx When l = 8, h=
=0 When t = 0, V = 900 82
dt
i.e. −2t + 6 = 0
()
900 = 80 0 − 02 + C = 12
C = 900 ∴ a box that is 8 cm long and
2tt = 6 12 cm high will use the
t =3 ∴ V = 80t − t 2 + 900 3(1 mark)
minimum amount of cardboard 3
The particle is at rest after (3 marks)
3 secon nds. 3(1 mark) iv When t = 40, b i Whenever had a population of
iv When t = 0, x = 7
( )
V = 80 40 − 402 + 900 3000 in 2001 and is growing at
= 2500 2% per year. 3
The particle is at rest at t = 3, 3
The pool holds 2500 litres. Whynot had a population of
so the maximum [ x < 0] (1 mark) 5000 in 2001, but its population
displacement occurs at t = 3 v When V = 2400, is decreasing at 3% per year. 3
When t = 3, 80t − t 2 + 900 = 2400 (2 marks)
x = −32 + 6 3 + 7 () t 2 − 80t + 1500 = 0 ii In the year 2020, t = 19
= 16 3 ( )(
t − 30 t − 50 = 0 ) P = 3000e 0.02t
When t = 5 , t = 30 or t = 50 3 When t = 19,
x = −52 + 6 5 + 7 () But 0 ≤ t ≤ 40 ∴ t = 30 P = 3000e ( )
0.02 19

= 12 ∴ the pool will hold 2400 litres = 4386.853 768…

Total distance after 30 minutes 3(2 marks) = 4400 (near. hundred) 3
(
= 16 − 7 + 16 − 12 m ) ( ) Total for Q14: 15 marks Q = 5000e −0.03t
= 13m 3(2 marks) 15 a When t = 19,
Q = 5000e ( ) −0.03 19
b y y = ln x h cm
= 2827.627 194…
2
l cm
= 2800 (near. hundred)
l cm ∴ Wh henever will have the
x i V = AH larger population in 2020 3
0 1 (2 marks)
= l 2h
iii Populations will be
But the volume is 768 cm3 the same when:
i y = ln x
∴ l 2h = 768 3000e 0.02t = 5000e −0.03t
∴e y = x 3 768
h= 2 3 3000 e −0.03t
V = ∫ π x 2 dy
l =
∫0 π (e ) dy
2 y
2
Base and two lids have 5000 e 0.02t
= 3
area l 2 cm2 0.6 = e −0.05t
2
= π ∫ e2y dy 3(2 marks) Four sides have area lh cm2 ln 0.6 = −0.05t
0
t = 10.2165… 3
A = 3l 2 + 4lh
2 During the eleven nth year
∫
ii V = π e2y dy
0
 768 
= 3l 2 + 4l  2  the populations will be equal.
2  l 
 e2y  In the year 2012 the population
=π  3 2 3072
 2 0 = 3l + 3(2 marks) of Whenever willl first exceed
l 3(3 marks)
( )
π 22 that of Whynot.
= e ( ) −e ( )
20

2 ii A = 3l 2 + 3072 l −1
c Last amount invested earns
π
(
= e4 − e 0
2
) dA
dl
= 6l − 3072 l −2 interest for 1 ye
ear:
A1 = $5000 1.065 ( )
π 4
(
= e −1
2
) = 6l − 2
3072
l
3 First investment earns interest
for 30 years:
The exact volume is Maximu um or minimum occurs
( )
30
A30 = $5000 1.065

2
(
π 4
)
e − 1 units3 . 3(2 marks) when
dA
dl
=0 Total investment
( ) ( )
2
307 72 = $[5000 1.065 + 5000 1.065
© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 251 4

c i R = 80 − 2t i.e. 6l − 2 = 0
l
( )
30
Water stops flowing 3072 +…+ 5000 1.065 ] 3
6l = 2 Geometric series:
when R = 0 l
i.e. 80 − 2t = 0 6l 3 = 3072 ( )
a=5000 1.065 , r = 1.065, n = 30
2t = 80
t = 40
l 3 = 512
Sn =
(
a r n −1 )
l =8 3 r −1
)( )
The water will flow
for 40 minuutes. 3(1 mark)
d 2A
= 6 + 6144 l −3 (
5000 1.065 1.06530 − 1 3
dl 2 S30 =
1.065 − 1
ii When t = 15, R = 80 − 2 15 ( ) d 2A
> 0 when l = 8 = 459 946.151…
= 50 dl 2 The total investment is worth
After 15 minutes the flow The minimum area occcurs $459 946, to the nearest dollar. 3
rate is 50 litres per minute. 3 when l = 8. (3 marks)
(1 mark) Total for Q15: 15 marks
330 Excel HSC
Worked Mathematics
Solutions Study
Sample HSC Guide
Examinations Exam 3 Q14–15
16 a A 3 B d2y d
30° iii
dx 2
= 2e − x ×
dx
1− x ( )
1
60°
45°
x 2
(
+ 1− x ×
d
dx
)
2e − x ( ) 3

D = 2e − x × −1
2 2 C
(
+ 1− x × −2e − x )
i In ∆ABC, = −2e − x 1+ 1− x ( )
b2 = a2 + c 2 − 2ac cos B = −2e − x (2 − x ) 3(2 marks)

( 3)
2
2 2
x =2 + dy
iv At turning point =0
− 2 × 2 × 3 × cos120° dx
 1 i.e. 2e − x (1− x = 0 )
x2 = 4 + 3− 4 3 ×  −  −x
2e = 0 or 1− x = 0
 2
2 3(1 mark) no solution orr x =1
x = 7+2 3
When x = 1,
d2y
ii DC2 = BD2 + BC2
dx 2
(
= −2e −1 2 − 1 ( < 0 ) )
= 22 + 22 ∴ there is a maximum when x = 1 3
=8 When x = 1, y = 2 × 1× e −1
DC = 8 (DC > 0) = 2e −1
=2 2 3 ∴ turning point is a maximum
In ∆ADC,
2 2 2
(
at 1, 2e −1 ) 3(2 marks)
d = a + c − 2ac cos D

( ) +1
2
x2 = 2 2 2

v If the curve changes concavity

− 2 × 2 2 × 1× cos 105°
2 d2y
x = 8 + 1− 4 2 cos 105° =0
But cos 105°= cos 180 − 75 ° ( ) −x
dx 2
(
i.e. − 2e 2 − x = 0 )
= − cos 75°
2e − x = 0 or 2 − x = 0
∴x 2 = 9 + 4 2 cos 75°3(2 marks)
no solution or x =2
iii x 2 = 7 + 2 3 and d2y
If x < 2 , 2 < 0
dx
x 2 = 9 + 4 2 cos 75°
d2y
∴ 9 + 4 2 cos 75° = 7 + 2 3 If x > 2 , 2 > 0
dx
4 2 cos 75° = −2 + 2 3 ∴ the curve changes concavity
−2 + 2 3 when x = 2
cos 75° = 3
4 2 When x = 2 , y = 2 × 2 × e −2
−1+ 3 2 = 4e −2
= ×
2 2 2 The curve changes conccavity

=
− 2+ 6 (
at 2, 4e −2 . ) 3(1 mark)
2×2
6− 2
= 3 vi As x → ∞, y → 0+
4 3(1 mark)
(2 marks) As x → − ∞, y → − ∞
b i y = 2x e − x vii y
Curve crosses y -axis (1, 2e–1)
when x = 0 (2, 4e–2)
© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 251 4

y = 2 × 0 × e −0
x
=0 0
The curve cuts the y -axis
at the origin. 3(1 mark) y = 2xe–x
3(1 mark)

ii dy = 2x × d e − x
dx dx
( ) Total for Q16: 15 marks

d
+ e− x ×
dx
2x ( )
−x −x
= 2x × −e + e × 2 3
( )
= 2e − x − x + 1
= 2e − x (1− x ) 3(2 marks)

Excel HSC Mathematics Study Guide Worked Solutions Sample HSC Examinations Exam 3 Q16 331