This document discusses academic writing and provides guidance on writing effective paragraphs. It explains that effective writing is clear, concise, exact, and appropriate. It also discusses the key parts of a paragraph: the topic sentence, supporting sentences, and concluding sentence. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of unity and coherence in academic writing.
This document discusses academic writing and provides guidance on writing effective paragraphs. It explains that effective writing is clear, concise, exact, and appropriate. It also discusses the key parts of a paragraph: the topic sentence, supporting sentences, and concluding sentence. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of unity and coherence in academic writing.
This document discusses academic writing and provides guidance on writing effective paragraphs. It explains that effective writing is clear, concise, exact, and appropriate. It also discusses the key parts of a paragraph: the topic sentence, supporting sentences, and concluding sentence. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of unity and coherence in academic writing.
This document discusses academic writing and provides guidance on writing effective paragraphs. It explains that effective writing is clear, concise, exact, and appropriate. It also discusses the key parts of a paragraph: the topic sentence, supporting sentences, and concluding sentence. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of unity and coherence in academic writing.
❖ EFFECTIVE WRITING ❖ PARAGRAPH ❖ UNITY AND COHERENCE INTRODUCTION TO WRITING What will you get in this unit:
1. Students will be able to understand parts of paragraphs
2. Students will be able to write a paragraph ➢ Why do we need to write? People write for many reasons. Some of the reasons are: - To describe events - To give information - To convey feeling and ideas - To share experiences - To share news to others - Etc ➢ What is effective writing One piece of writing is considered as effective when: - Clear : it expresses the ideas carefully in a way that the reader can understand - Concise : it uses sufficient words to share the message but not to many so it does not interfere with the meaning - Exact : it uses vocabularies correctly and follows the correct spelling, punctuation, and grammar - Appropriate : it uses the correct tone for the situation and the reader ➢ What do writing skills involve? WRITING A PARAGRAPH
A paragraph is a group of related sentences that discuss about one topic or one main idea. The minimum of sentences in one paragraph are five to ten sentences. It is important to make sure that the paragraph is long enough to develop the main idea.
Three parts of a paragraph
1. Topic sentence - It states the main idea of the paragraph - It names the topic of the paragraph - It is the general statement in the paragraph. It does not give any specific details - It limits the topic into specific areas that can be discussed in one paragraph. This part is considers as controlling ideas. The topic names the subject of the paragraph. The controlling idea limits the topic to a specific area that you can discuss in the space of a single paragraph - The topic sentence is usually (not always) the first sentence in a paragraph 2. Supporting sentences - Develop the topic sentence - Give further information and proof the topic sentence
- There are many ways of providing supporting ideas in a paragraph: examples,
statistics, and quotation 3. Concluding sentence - Signal the end of a paragraph - Leave the readers with important points to remember. It can be done in two ways: a. By summarizing the main points of the paragraph b. By repeating the topic sentence in different words - Concluding sentence usually is not needed when you have multiples paragraphs
Analyse the following paragraphs. How did they write their conclusion sentence?
Unity and Coherence
1. Unity means: - A paragraph discusses one and only one main idea from beginning to end - Every supporting sentence must directly explain or prove the main idea 2. Coherence means: - The movement from one sentence to the next sentence must be logical and smooth - There are several ways to ensure coherence in writing: a. Repeat key nouns b. Use consistent pronoun c. Use transition signal to link ideas d. Arrange your ideas in logical order Exercise 1 Rearrange the following sentences to make a good paragraph and underline the topic sentence. Write a topic sentence for the following paragraphs Practice 1
Choose one of the following topic and write a paragraph for it.
a. Why you do a certain sport
b. Why you don’t like to do sports c. Why you are a morning person (or a night person)
Writer’s name : Reviewer’s name:
First draft Review
Second draft Lecturer’s score and comment
Practice 2 Decide on one topic freely. Write a paragraph for the topic that you have chosen.
