1 s2.0 S2772485923000327 Main

BenchCouncil Transactions on Benchmarks, Standards and Evaluations 3 (2023) 100115
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
BenchCouncil Transactions on Benchmarks,

Standards and Evaluations
journal homepage: www.keaipublishing.com/en/journals/benchcouncil-transactions-on-
benchmarks-standards-and-evaluations/
Full length article
Unlocking the opportunities through ChatGPT Tool towards ameliorating the

education system
Mohd Javaid a ,∗, Abid Haleem a , Ravi Pratap Singh b , Shahbaz Khan c , Ibrahim Haleem Khan d
a
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
b
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
c
Institute of Business Management, GLA University, Mathura, UP, India
d
College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based ChatGPT developed by OpenAI is now widely accepted in several fields,
Artificial Intelligence including education. Students can learn about ideas and theories by using this technology while generating
ChatGPT content with it. ChatGPT is built on State of the Art (SOA), like Deep Learning (DL), Natural Language
Education
Processing (NLP), and Machine Learning (ML), an extrapolation of a class of ML-NLP models known as Large
Students
Language Model (LLMs). It may be used to automate test and assignment grading, giving instructors more time
Teaching
Learning
to concentrate on instruction. This technology can be utilised to customise learning for kids, enabling them
to focus more intently on the subject matter and critical thinking ChatGPT is an excellent tool for language
lessons since it can translate text from one language to another. It may provide lists of vocabulary terms and
meanings, assisting students in developing their language proficiency with resources. Personalised learning
opportunities are one of ChatGPT’s significant applications in the classroom. This might include creating
educational resources and content tailored to a student’s unique interests, skills, and learning goals. This paper
discusses the need for ChatGPT and the significant features of ChatGPT in the education system. Further, it
identifies and discusses the significant applications of ChatGPT in education. Using ChatGPT, educators may
design lessons and instructional materials specific to each student’s requirements and skills based on current
trends. Students may work at their speed and concentrate on the areas where they need the most support,
resulting in a more effective and efficient learning environment. Both instructors and students may profit
significantly from using ChatGPT in the classroom. Instructors may save time on numerous duties by using this
technology. In future, ChatGPT will become a powerful tool for enhancing students’ and teachers’ experience.
1. Introduction ChatGPT is an effective tool for instructors to improve their lessons

and students’ learning. It will not replace teachers. Instead, make them
ChatGPT is a revolutionary tool that responds to inquiries on nearly more powerful with better hands-on resources. Teachers may help
anything available in the contemporary digital environment to the their students learn more effectively by utilising ChatGPT to stimulate
dataset it has been trained. Now, ChatGPT is innovative in generating conversations, provide tailored feedback, and improve their language
logical, cohesive, pertinent, and fluent replies, giving the sense that and literacy abilities. Individual students may get tailored feedback and
someone is physically typing what we see on the screen. In education,
coaching using ChatGPT [4,5]. The application may provide detailed
instructors may use ChatGPT in their courses and utilise it to tailor
comments on a student’s writing project, offering recommendations
the learning experience for their students. On the other hand, students’
for development and motivation. Students may feel more self-assured
writing abilities may be enhanced by using text completion, translation,
and inspired to keep studying and developing. ChatGPT generates a
and text summarising tools. ChatGPT’s capabilities may be used to
identify content bias and fix problems with educational materials. response by reading a text, such as a phrase or a prompt, and then
Given the growing need for updated teaching materials, ChatGPT can understanding the problem statement. Given the context of the words
assist the state in creating and implementing an impartial and fair before it, the model is trained to predict the next word in a phrase.
curriculum. If implemented appropriately, this might act as a bridge ChatGPT may be used to grade essays automatically with reasoning
to lessen the pressure on a stressed-out educational system [1–3]. and even better solutions. With the help of this function, instructors
∗ Corresponding author.
E-mail addresses: mjavaid@jmi.ac.in (M. Javaid), ahaleem@jmi.ac.in (A. Haleem), singhrp@nitkkr.ac.in (R.P. Singh), shahbaz.me12@gmail.com (S. Khan),
haleemkhan.i@northeastern.edu (I.H. Khan).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbench.2023.100115
Received 13 April 2023; Received in revised form 20 May 2023; Accepted 20 May 2023
Available online 26 May 2023
2772-4859/© 2023 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC
BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
M. Javaid, A. Haleem, R.P. Singh et al. BenchCouncil Transactions on Benchmarks, Standards and Evaluations 3 (2023) 100115
may mark written assignments and provide comments on grammar, 3. Need of ChatGPT in education
structure, plagiarism and content. Producing ideas, summaries, and
even whole talks, may also aid with the composition of speeches. It ChatGPT can affect several aspects of education, including writing,
may aid with research by guiding students in locating and organising instruction method and teaching pedagogy. Writing has been essential
data for papers and other types of study. ChatGPT may provide students to fostering creative and critical thinking for ages through organising
learning a language immediate feedback on their pronunciation and information and creating narratives. It continues to play a crucial role
grammar, assisting them in swiftly and effectively developing their lan- in education, even in the age of AI. Therefore, we should concentrate
guage abilities. It may help students with trouble reading and writing on offering insights that are incomprehensible to AI. Students’ thesis,
by suggesting ways to improve their phrases and paragraphs [6,7]. assignments, and essay writing should be condensed, reflective, and
The ChatGPT language model has the power to create writing grounded in a particular setting. Education and AI are essential topics
that is similar to what a person would write. It can perform various in conversations about our society’s future. ChatGPT is a valuable
natural language processing tasks, including language translation, text tool for writers, marketers, and other professionals that often need
summarisation, text creation, and conversation systems. It was trained to produce text. This has several uses, including producing content
on a large dataset of online content such as webpages, research articles, for websites, social networking platforms, marketing materials, and
books, social media posts and chatter. ChatGPT typically performs best chatbot replies [20–22].
when conversing in human language, remembering previous exchanges
Integrating ChatGPT into higher education might result in a shift
within the same conversation, referring to physical, emotional, and
towards AI, diminishing the need for professors and possibly lowering
cultural experiences in the training data, and dynamically drawing from
opportunities for interpersonal relationships and human engagement.
a scientific and technical knowledge pool to address queries [8–10].
In order to assist students and improve their writing abilities, ChatGPT
ChatGPT can produce language comparable to how people write by
may check for grammatical and structural problems in their work and
training on such a broad dataset.
provide valuable comments. In order to understand and concentrate on
ChatGPT and other big language models’ capacity for content de-
the areas they need to improve, students can also receive personalised
velopment may aid marketers in becoming more productive and suc-
cessful. This enables marketers to scale up content personalisation, feedback based on their writing style. Computers may imitate human
which was previously time-consuming. It has long been used in various conversations using ChatGPT [23,24]. This can accurately respond to
ways, including conversational chatbots, automation, and data analysis. user inquiries and personalisation by comprehending user intent and
Today’s teachers can think about how ChatGPT might act as a writing context [25,26]. The students could explore several things with the help
tutor for their students. Students might use this tool to quickly assess of ChatGPT, such as developing a computer program, writing an essay
their writing without waiting for an instructor’s response. The students and solving a mathematical problem. All these things could be possible
could then request specific actions from the AI tool to be taken to edit with ChatGPT.
or revise their work. In terms of creative content, it functions as a ChatGPT is designed to connect quickly and respond more cohe-
super-effective word organiser [11,12]. The main aim of this paper is sively, like conversational tools like bots and virtual assistants. Because
to discuss the significant applications of ChatGPT in education. of this interoperability, businesses may expand on their current of-
ferings and develop distinctive AI-powered chatbots that can quickly
2. ChatGPT comprehend and respond to consumer demands. Conversations may be
held in a private and secure environment using ChatGPT. It offers a
An AI-powered chatbot is called ChatGPT by OpenAI. The term secure environment free from intervention or manipulation by using
‘‘Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT)’’ refers to a language pro- AI to identify harmful information, spam, and censorship. Moreover,
cessing model trained on massive data to produce writing that resem- ChatGPT never stores nor sends personal information to other parties.
bles a person’s. ChatGPT is a natural language processing technology Thus, to preserve users’ privacy, all correspondence is encrypted and
that uses AI to respond to quarries. As a result, it creates informa- kept locally [27,28].
tion more conversationally, picks up knowledge from those talks, and
then can provide ever more specifically customised replies. ChatGPT 4. Research objectives
behaves like a person while giving instructions to users and providing
information. This technology can do various activities, including creat- ChatGPT is an AI-driven natural language processing application
ing poetry, coding, answering inquiries, writing emails and essays, and enabling users to participate in human-like text-based discussions with
translating documents. ChatGPT differs from other chatbots in that it
AI-based software. It may provide information, help write essays and
can respond instantly, resulting in more varied and lively discussions
letters, and produce code and websites. ChatGPT has the potential to
on almost all topics [13–15].
complete transformation the way we teach and learn. Teachers may
ChatGPT is discussed as a tool for improving students’ skills by
provide students with immediate feedback and aid their knowledge
fostering their ability to ask questions and formulate them precisely,
growth by using ChatGPT in the classroom. ChatGPT may be used
expanding their knowledge through ChatGPT’s answers, and teach-
to automate monotonous routines and save up instructors’ time so
ing skills to assess the accuracy, reliability, and quality of ChatGPT’s
they can concentrate on teaching more insightful courses. ChatGPT can
answers as well as to filter the pertinent information gleaned from
change how we interact with chatbots entirely. ChatGPT can under-
answers. This technology suits various applications since it can adjust
to different conditions and situations. ChatGPT is a flexible tool that stand natural language, interpret context, and generate responses to
may be used in various natural language processing applications. It can engage in fruitful conversations with people by utilising the power of
respond to instructions with high accuracy and fluency, but it needs AI. Moreover, ChatGPT may be used to assist students in preparing for
a thorough understanding of the world and the ability to think like a debates by producing plausible arguments and counterarguments on a
person [16,17]. particular subject. It may provide innovative writing ideas to motivate
ChatGPT is an AI-based tool for having exciting and genuine talks students and assist them in enhancing their writing abilities [29–31].
with people. It can comprehend text-based input and react to it using The primary research objectives of this article are as under:
AI and ML methods. As a result, it can have discussions that are more RO1: - to identify what needs of education can be fulfilled by ChatGPT;
comparable to those between two people. As a result, it is an effective RO2: - to study the significant features of ChatGPT towards the educa-
tool for businesses in the customer service, marketing, and content tion system;
development sectors. ChatGPT functions as a virtual assistant that can RO3: - to study the workflow elements of ChatGPT for the education
converse with us and respond to our inquiries like an actual person system;
would [18,19]. ChatGPT uses deep learning algorithms to generate RO4: - to identify and discuss the significant applications of ChatGPT
human–machine natural language discussions. in education;
2
Fig. 1. Influential capabilities of ChatGPT for education system.
5. Significant features of ChatGPT towards education system is that they need to be more challenging to manage, arrange, sort and
analyse [36,37]. ChatGPT is helpful since it can convert unstructured
Fig. 1 explores the various associated typical capabilities, features, data into structured data. By offering clarifications, recommendations,
and applications of ChatGPT support for education. It includes the and examples, ChatGPT may help in locating and resolving coding
features like remembering aspects, prediction support, translation cre- issues. ChatGPT may be used to target specific people with the content.
ation, etc. [32,33]. In addition to this, several associated other charac- Businesses may use the model to generate personalised content like
teristics and classical perspectives of ChatGPT are further represented emails, social media posts, and product recommendations by training
and elaborated in Fig. 1. the model on a collection of user data [38,39].
In education, new technology constantly emerges and often vanishes With a sophisticated language model, ChatGPT has the potential
over time, while only some innovations are ingrained in the system. to alter the way we work and learn thoroughly. Providing with the
ChatGPT generates a fantastic set of issues for students to work together information in seconds instead of It is a helpful tool for professionals,
on, and of course, students may build these problems independently. educators, and students since it can produce text that looks and sounds
Even though they may have learned about probability via experience, like human speech. The potential of ChatGPT is limitless, given the
activities like this solidify their understanding of the subject by en- ongoing research and breakthroughs in natural language processing.
couraging students to work together on various approaches, test their ChatGPT enables users to conduct virtually human-like dialogues to
theories, and refine them. These kinds of problems may be quickly
address issues as diverse as making vocab lists, writing essays, generat-
created when a gap is found. ChatGPT enables teachers and students
ing computer programs, producing pop quizzes, and so much more. It
to create various materials, including writing prompts, discussion top-
is beneficial, quick, and produces exceptionally high-quality findings.
ics, puzzles, and much more [24,33]. Learners may produce these as
ChatGPT replies are quick, free, and often a wonderful place to start
needed, and they can also self-direct their research and practice.
for people to create their own [40,41].
ChatGPT provides a step-by-step explanation, which includes visual
Whether ChatGPT belongs in the classroom or not, it is simple to
examples and common pitfalls and is far superior to Google’s response.
concur that students should be kept securely online. It is crucial in
The irruption of ChatGPT shocked educational institutions around the
programmes like ChatGPT, where the filters sometimes exclude harmful
globe once again. ChatGPT would be both the best instructor and
the best student. In addition, with the help of technologies like AI, material. Although content filters on school computers do prevent
instructors and students may increase their powers and opportunities, students from viewing potentially unsafe information, they are simple
just like they did with maths calculators in the past. An AI chatbot may to get around. We may construct interactive lectures or classes with
be hired to provide students with rapid answers to frequently requested Chat GPT. For instance, we may pose questions to the chatbot and
topics, much like a learning assistant with reasoning. This support may invite students to react with their responses. It is a fantastic technique
be helpful as students continue their education outside and after the to keep students interested in the subject matter. ChatGPT responds
lesson. By enhancing search and offering individualised suggestions on based on patterns after being trained on massive quantities of material
material and other learning resources, AI-powered learning assistants to comprehend and converse in human language. The ChatGPT can
may be utilised to direct and help students with their learning [34,35]. explain grammar-related concepts, teach new language in context, and
One of the numerous ways ChatGPT might be utilised in the class- correct users’ errors [42–44].
room is to create outlines. It could come up with lesson plans person- Another significant capability of ChatGPT is its ability to produce
alised to each student and come up with suggestions for class projects. text outlines. Copy the original text into the tool, then briefly explain
It might be used as a debate partner or an after-hours tutor. It might the desired result. The chatGPT will create a paragraph with excellent
serve as the basis for class exercises or as a tool to help English organisation and the most important details. Using a vast quantity of
language learners develop their fundamental writing abilities. Unstruc- data gathered from the internet, ChatGPT uses the third generation
tured data is a challenge in the age of the digital revolution. The issue of the GPT model to produce text that resembles human answers.
3
Fig. 2. Typical elements of ChatGPT framework for education domain.
Human feedback helps the bot create better replies that align with students to better understand a subject or idea, ChatGPT may provide
human accuracy and natural language standards, thus optimising the a variety of examples as well as extra practice opportunities. ChatGPT
system. More than traditional assignments like essays will be required can modify text for various age groups, so the instructor might either
to demonstrate a student’s writing prowess. ChatGPT already completes rewrite and provide other examples or ask ChatGPT to clarify it for
programming homework and produces excellent historical and philo- a younger audience. With the aid of ChatGPT, students may increase
sophical writings. Since AI can already do present tasks, evaluating their knowledge of new terms or add them to their vocabulary. In this
students must drastically alter [45,46]. way, it is also a helpful tool for learning new terms. Many ideas are
ChatGPT uses natural language processing (NLP) and deep learning explained in ChatGPT, which might benefit students by giving them
technologies to understand user input in natural human language and in-depth explanations. This can be particularly useful for homework
produce text exchanges that are human-to-human conversations. Rein- assignments or other circumstances when an instructor is not readily
forcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is a technique that accessible to address quarries [53,54].
has been used to train a big language model to converse and respond ChatGPT is a far superior alternative to any search engine be-
to questions as if users were speaking to a natural person. As a result, cause it can translate documents, regenerate incomplete answers, solve
the computer may analyse and modify its replies in response to input mathematical problems, clarify those concepts, and generate more
from actual individuals [47,48]. ChatGPT can comprehend the context similar content for practice. Many applications of ChatGPT have been
and meaning of those words and provide the correct answers based on developed, including automated customer service, intelligent virtual
that knowledge. Building chatbots that can have exciting and lifelike assistants, narrative creation for video games and movies, picture cap-
tioning systems, summarisation algorithms, and others. The language
discussions with users is achievable using ChatGPT. By training it on
model ChatGPT is impressive and can completely change how humans
data related to that area, ChatGPT may be tailored for specific domains
interact with computers [55–57]. Its ability to understand and generate
or jobs, such as customer service. As a result, the chatbot may provide
text could have significant implications for businesses. ChatGPT uses
replies to user input more precisely and relevantly [49,50].
the most recent developments in natural language processing to process
spoken and written language and provide the correct replies. It helps
6. Work flow elements of ChatGPT for education system
people to communicate with AI systems more effectively and make
more informed decisions.
Fig. 2 depicts distinguished elements related to ChatGPT structure Many instructors now consider using AI-based tools such as Chat-
towards the solicitations in the education domain. To process the GPT rather than trying to avoid it. Students may do this by entering
chatGPT working structure, a streamlined flow of information and a question into ChatGPT, then reviewing the language the bot gener-
knowledge is a must. It further reflects on several related criteria, ates and evaluating its merits and demerits. With little human input,
services and learning processes, database traits, workflow progress ChatGPT can compose everything from a high school essay to complex
stages, etc. Fig. 2 exemplifies the different working and progressive computer programs. Education leaders may utilise ChatGPT as a very
steps of the chatGPT system for supporting the routine needs of the effective tool to produce website content. It may speed up the creative
social structure [51,52]. process and boost consistency. This provides clear and explicit direc-
Instructors may utilise ChatGPT to develop questions for discussion tions, evaluates and adjusts the output, and utilises ChatGPT as a tool
with their students based on a book, subject, historical event, idea, to get the most out of it. With Chat GPT, support and customer service
etc. This would allow instructors to swiftly come up with interesting may be provided very cheaply. Businesses may use Chat GPT to reduce
questions for discussions on various aspects of the topic. This may be the number of customer support agents required to address client
particularly useful if each student could gain from a different speed. For inquiries, which leads to cutting down on overhead expenses [58,59].
4
ChatGPT may provide much potential for development and boost ChatGPT has the potential to be a valuable educational tool. It might
a company’s general effectiveness when used correctly. Developing be used to create course materials, provide task comments, and respond
interactive tutoring programmes that can reply to a student’s inquiries to student inquiries. ChatGPT has a strong command of the English
and provide real-time feedback and direction is another possible use of language and can pick up new knowledge, making it a valuable tool
generative AI-based ChatGPT in education. Ultimately, generative AI for teachers and students. ChatGPT is a tool for rapidly constructing an
has the potential to improve learning by making it more individualised, outline for an article. With its AI-driven natural language processing, it
interactive, and effective [60–62]. can learn the structure of any post and build an ordered and thorough
ChatGPT is an AI-based tool that uses ML and natural language pro- outline in only a few clicks. The performance and ethical performance
cessing to interact with users. With its intelligent and realistic-sounding of GPT are analysed by DIKWP [83,84]. Language translation may
interactions, ChatGPT shines. It can understand everyday language undergo a revolution through the ChatGPT’s capacity to comprehend
and provide accurate responses to queries. Based on each student’s and produce text in various languages. Without human translators, it
unique requirements, interests, and learning preferences, teachers may might enable communication between people and organisations that
employ this technology to provide individualised learning experiences speak different languages. ChatGPT is an effective technology that may
for them. This might include using AI to create unique resources or support instructors in personalising instruction, enhancing language
exercises and providing students with real-time feedback and assistance proficiency, and facilitating research and writing [85–88]. Educators
while working [63–65]. Students may collaborate on projects, exchange must keep up with the most recent advancements and consider how
ideas, and learn from one another when teachers employ AI technology they may be utilised to enhance their students’ learning as AI develops
to ease communication and cooperation. and becomes more common in the classroom [89,90].
ChatGPT is a cutting-edge language generation model that has the
potential to alter how businesses communicate with their customers. 8. Discussion
Many tasks are used in educational contexts where the ChatGPT is used.
Dedicated instructors are doing webinars and producing materials [66, ChatGPT uses a massive amount of data that it gathers, analyses,
67]. While ChatGPT may be a helpful tool for online learners, it should and transforms into written sentences. It can write regardless of its
not be depended upon as the only source of knowledge or assistance. To kind, structure, or subject. For a variety of disciplines, ChatGPT may
achieve a well-rounded education, online learners should actively seek provide students with study tools like study guides and flashcards to
various sources and utilise ChatGPT to complement their other learning help them remember key concepts and facts. It may also be used to
materials. Several individuals are already considering using ChatGPT create examinations and quizzes to ensure students fully comprehend
to improve education rather than using it for risk management. Many
the subject matter. It may also include translations, resources for learn-
instructors already use it as a teaching tool [68–70].
ing new languages, and tools for enhancing grammar and vocabulary.
It may also provide sample test questions and answers, study resources,
7. ChatGPT applications in education
and flashcards to help students prepare for exams. Incorporating AI
into education can improve learning outcomes, make learning more
ChatGPT can be used as a tool to help students with their stud-
dynamic and exciting and provide students with new learning and
ies by creating relevant content and sources on a specific subject. It
development possibilities.
may also be used to provide students feedback that helps them to
ChatGPT is ideal for its portability, human-like responses, flexibility,
improve their knowledge. This might help ensure that students are
and versatility. Due to these features, it is a valuable tool for anybody
given the right amount of challenge and material they find interesting
interested in problems requiring natural language processing. It may
and relevant. The ChatGPT model has the potential to be used as
be a massive assistance to students doing research, helping them with
a tool for developing summaries, flashcards, or quizzes based on a
particular topic or subject area [71–73]. By providing individualised, their assignments, and giving them comments on their work, and it
flexible, and exciting learning opportunities, ChatGPT has the potential can raise students’ knowledge levels across the board. With natural
to enhance student’s educational experiences. The education sector has language processing, the bot can understand input from human voices
welcomed this technology as a game-changer. Personalised learning or write without needing menus or programming. By responding to
experiences may be supported, as can knowledge gained via research questions about specific subjects, giving prompt and accurate answers,
and automation of testing. ChatGPT may be used to create chatbots and providing additional explanations and clarifications, and developing
virtual assistants that can respond to client inquiries in a conversational customised learning plans based on a student’s learning preferences,
manner [74–78]. Further, the significant applications of ChatGPT for strengths, and weaknesses, this technology can help students in their
education are discussed in Table 1. academic pursuits. It can provide every student with tailored help via
ChatGPT may generate text for various uses, such as chatbots individualised learning and interaction.
and virtual assistants, content production, customer support, language Students of all ages can easily use ChatGPT as a writing assistant.
translation, and automated decision-making. ChatGPT utilises many It can help active learners throughout the writing process by offering
text data to ‘‘train’’ itself, and it then uses that training data to create suggestions for writing topics, flow ideas, sentence structures, and
new text depending on the input. An extensive volume of material from vocabulary. The interface of ChatGPT makes it possible for students
books, papers, and the internet was used to deep-train the model. It to access thorough and accurate information with their search results.
uses training data to produce new language that is cohesive, pertinent, In contrast to most search engines like Google, which give a massive
and context-aware when given a beginning text as a cue. ChatGPT may quantity of information with limitless results, ChatGPT provides clear
be used as a writing assistant to help produce fresh material that is and crisp answers that immediately address the relevant inquiry. In-
cohesive, pertinent, and aligned with the context. By using plagiarism structors may instruct the programme to generate a variety of phrases,
detection software, educating students, offering resources, and enforc- including a new term that the students are unfamiliar with, and then
ing stringent norms and measures for usage, colleges and institutions instruct the students to infer the word’s meaning from the context of
are actively combating ChatGPT [79,80]. ChatGPT is intended to look the various sentences.
and sound like human interaction. The chatbot can converse on any The programme may produce interesting writing assignments for
subject and can even come up with answers to queries. Applications learners based on age and grade. Instructors might ask ChatGPT to
for creative writing might take advantage of ChatGPT’s text-generation provide a writing exercise or story starter that encourages students
capabilities. It might come up with writing prompts, offer comments on to express their creativity to complete the assignment. Students may
rough drafts, or even come up with fresh material. This could change enhance their reading and comprehension abilities by using ChatGPT.
how creative writing is taught and practiced [81,82]. Instructors may instruct the programme to produce passages on various
5
Table 1
Significant applications of ChatGPT in education.
S No Applications Description
1. Enhance critical • ChatGPT has the potential to become a crucial tool for writers who wish to improve both their critical thinking and communication
thinking and abilities.
communication • Students can also use ChatGPT for class assignments and even utilise the bot to create an initial plan.
abilities • Subsequently, students may discover how to improve their writing by going beyond the initial draft.
• With a wealth of literature supporting its responses, ChatGPT successfully addresses common, basic inquiries on general knowledge,
historical events, scientific principles, coding, and fundamental languages.
• ChatGPT has exposed many of us to a vast array of opportunities.
• In light of this knowledge, it is clear that technology can significantly help students in higher education.
• With careful design and implementation, AI can improve student learning outcomes and learning experiences.
2. Provide instructional • ChatGPT will help colleges and universities to provide instructional material.
material • This system will be able to create customised projects for each student while considering their preferred learning style and current
skill level.
• Although some students may learn better by visually employing examples, others may need definitions in written form.
• This technology may direct students to the proper online materials, such as an e-book, course modules, and assignments, to assist
them in improving their understanding of a particular subject.
• Depending on their knowledge, they may suggest extra tutoring or advanced preparatory programmes to the student’s instructor or
school.
• ChatGPT quickly gained popularity and was among the top online searches once it was introduced.
• ChatGPT can create sentences that are many paragraphs lengthy, correct, comprehensive, and highly exact, as well as tailored to the
user’s request.
• The quality of its responses and the speed at which it interacts with the user are astonishing.
• Moreover, it accomplishes it quickly and in several languages.
3. Conversations with • ChatGPT has the potential to start conversations with students in a virtual learning environment.
students • It may aid in identifying areas of weakness in knowledge and comprehension and assist by recommending workarounds, responding to
inquiries, and assisting with content- and context-based search, text creation, and completion to help students get back on track.
• It is capable of carrying out operations that typically require human intellect. These operations need language processing, pattern
recognition, learning, and decision-making.
• As a chatbot or talking computer program, ChatGPT comprehensively creates text.
• Every question we have when we visit the site may be asked, whatever comes to mind, and an answer will be given immediately.
• The possibilities are endless; it might be information, ideas, or even current affairs.
• It is a trained model that may be customised for specific educational jobs.
• It has several applications, and the degree of flexibility and precision of its responses is astounding.
4. Enhance reading • Educators may use ChatGPT to develop assignments, question papers, and other learning materials.
and abilities • Students may enhance their reading and comprehension abilities by using ChatGPT.
• Instructors may instruct the programme to produce passages on various subjects, combine its output in classroom assessments, and
build questions for students.
• This will allow teachers to evaluate how well their students comprehend the subject or topic and pinpoint any areas that need more
study.
• ChatGPT is a conversational bot that responds to user questions in a way that enables it to search massive databases and to produce
well-structured essays, legal briefs, poetry, computer code, or Rogers and Hammerstein song lyrics.
• ChatGPT is the greatest AI chatbot ever made available to the general public.
• ChatGPT is primarily being met with awe and apprehension, much like the telephone.
5. Virtual teaching • ChatGPT may also be trained to serve as virtual teaching assistants to lighten the workload on teachers.
assistants • It may be programmed to carry out various educational tasks, including providing onboarding services, helping students, acting as a
tutor or mentor, giving feedback, and grading students.
• Now, educators, public intellectuals, and academics are having a passionate debate regarding ChatGPT’s implications.
• There is growing agreement that academics and educators might fall for tricks. The usage of this new technology is already familiar to
students.
• ChatGPT has a remarkable ability to structure queries and obtain reliable responses.
• Observing how quickly teachers adapt to this brand-new classroom situation and appreciate deeper, more engaged learning is
encouraging.
6. Allows students to • ChatGPT may help parents and kids by allowing them to ask questions, start the enrolling process, and encourage further action.
ask better questions • ChatGPT may be further taught to respond to common questions from students and point them in the direction of appropriate
resources.
• This technology may gather student comments and other valuable data, which instructors can evaluate and utilise to enhance their
teaching and learning strategies and development goals.
• ChatGPT is a powerful AI technology that enables voice or full-sentence web searches.
• Instead of the usual Google Search results, the searcher is presented with the results in detailed, in-depth phrases by using this
technology.
• The tool has gained popularity in education since it can write essays, provide in-depth answers to queries, and close learning gaps by
utilising digital resources and AI.
• ChatGPT is a potent language model that may be utilised to produce text for chatbot applications that sounds like human speech.
• Businesses may enhance customer service, simplify processes, and provide clients with individualised advice using ChatGPT’s features.
7. Understands • ChatGPT understands complex problems better than other contemporary, accessible AI systems, making it the popular choice for
complex problems handling complex queries.
• Technologies like ChatGPT may aid in creating chatbots and virtual assistants for use in education. With its ability to reimagine
teaching and learning,
• ChatGPT offers a chance to influence the future of the classroom.
• Conversational AI is expected to alter how parents, instructors, and students communicate.
• By handling routine tasks, an AI tool similar to ChatGPT may significantly improve the learning experience on our digital learning
platform.
• From facilitating the onboarding of new students or teachers to offering individualised, self-paced instruction depending on the
learning preferences of each student.
• In addition to these tasks, this may help resolve frequently asked questions, gather information and feedback to enhance teaching
methods, and monitor class and student performance.
(continued on next page)
6
Table 1 (continued).
8. Straightforward • ChatGPT can respond to queries straightforwardly; it can write code, make lists, react to emails for us, and even answer our queries.
response • It can produce detailed and human-like text, interpret human speech, correct grammatical errors, and question false premises.
• The programme may produce interesting writing assignments for students based on age and grade.
• For instance, instructors might ask ChatGPT to develop a writing exercise or story starter that encourages students to express their
creativity to complete the job.
• It may be a first step in teaching students how to write.
• By introducing new words and helping them become the foundation of sentences, ChatGPT may aid students in growing their
vocabulary.
• Instructors may instruct the programme to generate a variety of phrases, including a new term that the students are unfamiliar with,
and then instruct the students to infer the word’s meaning from the context of the various sentences.
9. Topic brainstorming • It can assist students with grammatical correction, topic brainstorming, and creativity when developing project ideas.
and creativity • Writing lesson plans, emails, or even letters of recommendation for other teachers may assist instructors in lightening their burden.
• ChatGPT may increase instructor productivity and facilitate student learning.
• Although a ChatGPT cannot replace a teacher, it may allow instructors to interact more with students.
• By offering ideas and questions for students to reflect on, ChatGPT may aid in facilitating dialogues and fostering critical thinking.
• For instance, we may list open-ended questions on a specific subject using ChatGPT and then ask students to debate and react to these
questions in small groups or as a class.
• Students’ critical thinking abilities and comprehension of the subject matter may benefit from this.
• ChatGPT can automate repetitive tasks like delivering product details and question responses.
10. Enhance learning • ChatGPT will enhance learning personalisation and ultimately become an essential component of the learning process.
personalisation • We must give students the tools they need to harness this power to better prepare them for the future.
• ChatGPT information may be used by businesses to improve their offerings and meet client requirements.
• Because of its natural language processing capabilities, which enable it to ascertain what clients believe about a product, ChatGPT
may generate leads by talking with prospective customers and learning about their requirements.
• Based on the interests and preferences of each consumer, we may utilise this information to tailor our marketing efforts.
• Depending on the student’s preferences, ChatGPT may provide tailored suggestions for each.
11. Text analysis • ChatGPT can often provide us with some entirely accurate replies to our inquiries.
• It is both exciting and terrifying.
• In essence, it is a learning engine that has been ‘‘trained’’ to spot patterns in text collected from websites worldwide and combined
with AI to produce responses that seem authentically human.
• Language translation is one of ChatGPT’s most potential uses.
• The model is an effective machine translation tool since it can comprehend and produce text in various languages.
• The algorithm can learn to accurately translate text from one language to another by being fine-tuned on a large dataset of bilingual
material.
• This may be used for various purposes, including translating chatbots, websites, and documents.
• Text summary, which extracts the most crucial details from a lengthy text, is a function of ChatGPT.
• This may be helpful for several uses, including summarising news, product reviews, and research papers.
• It may also be used for text analysis tasks, including named entity identification, topic modelling, and sentiment analysis.
12. Craft essays • ChatGPT can develop essays, poems, questions, answers, and computer code.
• AI text systems may rapidly generate text, and it is often difficult to tell them apart from human-written text.
• ChatGPT can produce writing that resembles that of a person.
• This model is capable of responding to a prompt with a comprehensive answer.
• The model can comprehend and reply to various subjects and inquiries since it has been trained on vast text data.
• The field of education, especially in college-level learning, is one of ChatGPT’s most important effects.
• With the increased technology usage in the classroom, ChatGPT may be a potent tool for improving students’ learning experiences.
• As a learning aid, ChatGPT can be utilised in higher education.
• Students may get prompt and precise information by creating query replies using the model.
• This might be very helpful for students with trouble grasping a particular idea or subject.
13. Enhances the • This enhances the learning environment in the classroom.
learning • Using the bot to administer tests is the best method a teacher may utilise ChatGPT in the classroom.
environment • Thus, to test students’ understanding, the AI chatbot may provide straightforward yes/no or more difficult multiple-choice questions
on a subject.
• Teachers may devote more time to lesson preparation and student engagement by utilising ChatGPT to construct exams and quizzes.
• As a writing assistance, ChatGPT may also be used in higher education.
• Those who struggle with writing or need to generate a lot of written work quickly may find this extremely beneficial.
• ChatGPT may be utilised in various businesses, including journalism, customer service, and more, in addition to education.
• The methodology may be used to produce software code, news articles, and even customer support routines.
• This makes it an essential tool for enterprises since it enhances productivity and speeds up the completion of activities.
14. Understand and • With the help of ChatGPT, students may easily understand and communicate in other languages.
communicate • Moreover, it may provide resources like dictionaries and grammatical rules for learning other languages.
languages • ChatGPT can respond to most computer science questions and tasks studied in school.
• The teachers can suggest a variety of ChatGPT-based tasks that can be assigned to computer science students to emphasise that
computer science thinking skills have not become obsolete.
• It may improve students’ computer science thinking abilities and expand their comprehension of computer science topics.
• ChatGPT is one of the most effective chatbots because it can learn in real-time and recall user indications from past talks.
• This technology already has a wide range of uses beyond simple question–answering. For instance, ChatGPT has been required to
provide scholarly papers, code, and emails.
subjects, combine its output in classroom assessments, and build ques- ChatGPT can respond to follow-up inquiries, acknowledge errors,
tions for students. This will allow teachers to evaluate how well their refute unfounded assumptions, and reject improper requests through-
students comprehend the subject or topic and pinpoint any areas that out the conversation. This technology can generate text and translate
need more study. it across languages. Its primary characteristic is the capacity to generate
7
15. Boost exam • ChatGPT may be a helpful resource for students to assist with homework and other tasks, practice language skills, and boost exam
preparation preparation.
• It may help students save time and effort by quickly summarising books and articles, providing arguments and examples, and aiding
in research and writing.
• By having it produce arithmetic problems or questions for students to work on together, we may utilise ChatGPT to support group
collaboration.
• This is an excellent technique to promote teamwork and problem-solving abilities.
• This may be an entertaining and exciting approach to studying the content while fostering competitiveness.
• ChatGPT could respond to questions with remarkable fluency and coherence using AI, and among other things, it might pass muster
as a well-written answer to a class assignment.
• ChatGPT might increase the time spent writing in class as the instructor coaches and consults rather than merely discouraging or
monitoring AI help.
• ChatGPT provides a mechanism to broaden the focus and complexity of its courses.
16. Exact information • Students may get exact information and receive results right away using ChatGPT.
• Students may need assistance narrowing the scope of the information they initially needed due to the abundance of Google results.
• The replies given in the instance of ChatGPT are logical and comprehensive.
• For instance, ChatGPT may assist a student with maths problems by solving the issue, illustrating the underlying ideas, and producing
other issues based on the same idea for practice.
• Critical thinking instruction might be enhanced with the use of ChatGPT.
• Today’s teachers include listening, talking, and engaging in constructive arguments while teaching writing and English.
• Writing, however, only assists sure students in organising the knowledge they acquire.
• Instructors could collaborate with Chat GPT to enhance kids’ cognitive abilities.
• Students should eventually be able to use AI technologies to learn new facts.
17. Save instructor time • To save time and energy, instructors may ask ChatGPT to produce assignments that fill the knowledge gaps before introducing specific
ideas or to develop longer lessons for better understanding.
• ChatGPT is merely developed to produce words in response to input.
• It can spout lengthy responses, indicating that the depth and insight in its responses are likely to be lacking.
• Technology can be used for good deeds and constructive social change.
• ChatGPT and related language models will become more common and powerful.
• They should be viewed as tools that supplement and improve human expertise rather than as a replacement for it.
• With ChatGPT’s ability to type almost anything, it is debatable if students still need to learn how to write.
• Many may be curious whether AI technology will ever entirely replace writing.
• With ChatGPT’s assistance, educators can emphasise creative idea organisation, revision, debate, and critical thinking.
18. Research tool • ChatGPT may be used as a research tool to come up with answers to questions or prompts on a particular subject.
• Use ChatGPT, for instance, to come up with answers to open-ended questions or prompts on a particular subject of study, such as
psychology, history, etc.
• This could help develop ideas or research many viewpoints on a particular subject.
• The enormous potential of ChatGPT may be assessed by its capacity to reply to particular messages and adjust to ongoing
conversations.
• The messages become improved to a more significant extent over time as the system continues to engage with the user.
• Also, it has enormous potential to provide improved customer service by efficiently responding to client inquiries.
• ChatGPT and related technologies are potent language models that have the potential to change how humans communicate with
computers entirely.
19. Summarise large • ChatGPT may be used to summarise large documents or articles.
documents • This may be used to quickly get a broad idea of a book without reading it.
• ChatGPT may be used to assess the emotional content of a text.
• It can be used to evaluate the tone of customer reviews and ascertain the overall mood and emotion of a piece of writing to raise
customer satisfaction.
• ChatGPT is a conversational language model that produces text that resembles human speech depending on input using deep learning
algorithms.
• It has been trained on various online content and can provide high-quality, coherent responses to various inquiries and prompts.
• With access to millions of online repositories and resources, ChatGPT can provide a solution to the quarries.
• A substantial amount of text data was used to create the ChatGPT language model.
• The model may produce remarkably accurate and fluent responses in response to various natural language processing tasks.
20. Evaluation of • Other areas where ChatGPT may have a significant impact include assessing and evaluating student performance.
student performance • Once trained, the AI chatbot can grade lengthy essays according to predetermined standards like content, style, and organisation.
• Further, it also provides students feedback to help them become better writers.
• Due to its ability to interpret natural language and provide meaningful replies, ChatGPT could be used to create more effective
assessment and evaluation methods.
• ChatGPT provides perceptive thoughts on current events or other fascinating subjects.
• ChatGPT can swiftly resolve any level of mathematical problems we provide it because of its AI algorithms and mathematical expertise.
• We may ask the chatbot to do integral or derivative calculations, simplify algebraic phrases, or compute complex formulae.
• It is also helpful for instructors who need additional tools to successfully and efficiently teach mathematics to their students.
• ChatGPT uses AI to create conversations that resemble those between people automatically.
• ChatGPT has a variety of functions, including intent detection, emotion identification, answer customisation, and others.
text that resembles human writing in response to predetermined cues. replies to various queries and prompts after being trained on a massive
Students learning a new language might benefit from conversation quantity of text data from the internet. As a result, ChatGPT may
practice and feedback via ChatGPT. In order to encourage students be used for various purposes, such as chatbots, text production, and
to engage in conversations and cooperate, ChatGPT or other models language translation.
can offer instructions for group projects and assignments. ChatGPT As one of ChatGPT’s primary characteristics, it can produce text
is a newly developed language model that can provide human-like based on patterns identified in the data it has been trained on. This
8
21. Automatic grading • ChatGPT may be used to create automatic grading systems, reducing the workload on instructors and providing students with faster,
systems more precise feedback on their performance.
• As a result of ChatGPT’s real-time comprehension and response capabilities, interactive tests may be created where feedback can be
tailored to the needs of students.
• This makes learning more engaging and interactive and identifies areas where students want further support and guidance.
• ChatGPT can grade assignments more accurately than a busy instructor who is only sometimes compensated for doing it, which is
good. Instead of just marking assignments, teachers should concentrate on engaging and inspiring their students.
• When given pertinent terms as first instructions, it can generate fresh ideas, which might help us unleash our creative talent.
• Because of the massive data, ChatGPT can help you think creatively and outside the box.
• ChatGPT is an ML model that can generate reactions to various signals that resemble those of humans. ChatGPT excels in natural
language processing tasks, such as text summarisation, response generation, and language translation.
22. E-learning • In the world of e-learning, ChatGPT has fundamentally transformed the game’s rules.
• It can give students fast and accurate information, increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of e-learning platforms and virtual
learning courses.
• This implies that Ed-tech businesses are adopting ChatGPT to support students as they progress through e-learning courses and to offer
more details and explanations when there are few opportunities for student-teacher interactions.
• ChatGPT can compile all the knowledge needed to resolve the issue, saving the student from doing additional research.
• In-depth explanations and examples for various concepts and topics may be provided through ChatGPT, assisting students in
understanding challenging material.
• Students needing more support or having difficulty with a specific topic may find this extremely beneficial.
• ChatGPT can help students with their research by providing relevant information and resources.
• Also, it may help students edit and revise their written work, which helps them progressively become better at writing.
23. Interactive • ChatGPT’s natural language understanding might create a more engaging and interactive e-learning experience.
experience • ChatGPT might provide virtual instructors and study tools, fostering a more individualised and exciting learning environment.
• Using ChatGPT, instructors may experiment with innovative approaches to streamline their job and lighten their burden through
advancements in AI and ML.
• It enables students to share knowledge organically in a social media setting.
• ChatGPT may help students improve their grammar and vocabulary by describing grammatical concepts and providing practice
challenges.
• It also helps students find and correct common grammar mistakes in their written work.
• Students may prepare for tests and hone their test-taking skills using ChatGPT to generate practice test questions and answers for
different courses and exams.
• ChatGPT can produce highly relevant responses to the question and exhibit a degree of understanding and knowledge comparable to a
human’s.
• This makes the paradigm particularly useful for activities like authoring documents and translating across languages.
24. Online education • ChatGPT is particularly beneficial in the context of online education. ChatGPT is a tool that can provide individualised, interactive
learning experiences in the age of growing online learning.
• For instance, students may utilise ChatGPT to ask questions and instantly get answers regarding subjects they are learning.
• It may lessen the need for conventional teaching techniques and enable students to progress at their learning rate.
• ChatGPT can tackle the minor issues that stop many students’ learning in their tracks.
• The tool may assist kids with their tasks, homework, and learning challenges.
• For instance, because the tool can make essays, professors might instruct students to use it to create many essays on the same topic or
subject and compare the ideas provided by the AI.
• This would aid kids in developing critical and creative thinking abilities and working on comprehension, reading, and writing abilities.
• ChatGPT can provide students with individual feedback and assistance, responding to inquiries and explaining various academic
subjects.
25. Assist in preparing • It assists students in preparing for debates by coming up with arguments and refutations on a particular subject.
debates • This creates ideas, outlines, and even finished speeches to assist students in preparing talks.
• Using ChatGPT to write essays also has the advantage of producing grammatically sound and coherent sentences.
• Students who need help with grammar and sentence structure may find this helpful.
• The learner may use ChatGPT as a starting point and then edit and rewrite the content produced to fit their writing voice and style.
• ChatGPT is an AI language model having access to a massive quantity of data that was trained on millions of pages of data.
• By applying natural language processing algorithms, it may utilise this data to generate answers to questions and instructions people
enter.
• ChatGPT employs a wide range of possible applications, including aiding in the teaching and learning of languages.
• ChatGPT often offers short responses quickly and roughly precisely, but a Google search might be frustrating due to the multiplicity of
diverse voices.
26. Enhance knowledge • This might include assisting students in enhancing knowledge and abilities in meaningful ways by employing simulations, virtual
worlds, or other interactive tools.
• Instructors may design engaging, practical problem-solving tasks for students by using this technology.
• Instructors may utilise their time with students to provide those who need the most customised feedback and help.
• This might include giving students individualised support and direction while working with them one-on-one or in small groups.
• ChatGPT could overlook inevitable mistakes when presented with a text that is full of them.
• ChatGPT may be used in the classroom to provide students with individualised learning experiences to keep them engaged and
inspired to finish their studies.
• ChatGPT was created mainly for conversational and chat-based applications, and it can comprehend user inputs and produce text that
resembles human speech.
• This makes it helpful for applications like chatbots, virtual assistants, and other conversational AI systems.
implies that although it may provide responses that resemble language various chatbot interfaces or design elements may also be researched
found in the training data, it might not necessarily produce ethical using ChatGPT. It may be beneficial for researchers to examine how
or correct responses. Students should be aware of the limits of AI users engage with ChatGPT and compare the findings to those of other
chatbots and critically assess the results produced. The usefulness of chatbots to gain additional insight into how to create an efficient and
9
27. Advice to students • ChatGPT offers advice to students on how to be ready for an interview.
for better interview • After practising using ChatGPT, they get feedback and suggestions for progress. Students question ChatGPT about life.
• A student asks ChatGPT for advice and ideas on improving their communication skills.
• ChatGPT can review their code for flaws and provide feedback for improvements for students learning how to develop a website.
• A teacher must see ChatGPT as an additional tool to the other tools and abilities acquired through education and practice.
• The ChatGPT model can be utilised as a tool for text translation across languages.
• Students learning a new language might use the model to translate things written in another language into their mother tongue since
the tool can recognise and create numerous languages.
• The provision of accurate and accessible translation tools, which can aid students in better comprehending and engaging with
foreign-language materials, has the potential to enhance the language learning experience.
exciting chatbot experience. Using ChatGPT as a source of knowledge the technology, institutions need help to define rules and procedures
may make students less likely to engage in independent learning and connected to ChatGPT.
critical thought, making them more reliant on AI for solutions. The data is constantly being churned from the cloud, so it cannot
Although there is some debate on the usefulness of an AI chat- receive information from a particular source. Its excellence resides in
bot, ChatGPT is undoubtedly growing in popularity since it offers its capacity to synthesise data from several sources and provide mostly
more conversational responses than humans. The ChatGPT may also original answers to the same query. ChatGPT is similar to any expert
be used to learn about various subjects, summarise lengthy articles system or information-limited mobile application if we depend on it to
and papers, translate different languages, create tales and poetry, help obtain data from a particular source. While it may compensate for the
with coding, and more. Creative tales and other text-based material lack of employees by offering users a complete source of information,
may also be produced with it. ChatGPT is an excellent option for it is up to the individual user to make the most of this technology’s
companies seeking to improve customer service and for developers potential and exercise prudence when using the knowledge. It works
who want to have more engaging interactions with their customers. with a limited dataset that needs to reflect the present accurately. This
ChatGPT helps create customer service chatbots, providing replies to raises the likelihood of producing inaccurate information. Concerns
questions in online forums and even developing personalised content about privacy, data security, and intellectual property are among the
for social media postings since it can create text responses that mimic moral and legal issues that the use of AI in education brings up. To
those of people in response to instructions. The ChatGPT model can guarantee adherence to laws and moral norms, it will be necessary
translate the information organically and adequately when given a to carefully evaluate these concerns before using ChatGPT in higher
text prompt in the source and target languages. ChatGPT can execute education.
various jobs, including composing emails and tales, essays, making ChatGPT users should be conscious of the potential for bias in
music, conversing with people, paraphrasing, computer coding and their replies and take steps to minimise it. Some people are concerned
decoding, software programming, and much more, despite being pre- that ChatGPT will eliminate jobs for writers, marketers, and other
programmed to simulate human communication. It helps summarise, professionals who rely heavily on written communication, like when
and depending on our demands, it could help us condense our projects machines and computers replace human labour. Developers have used
and research into a certain number of words. This enables the model to it to overcome coding difficulties. ChatGPT functions as an AI learning
perform several natural language tasks with high accuracy and fluency, model and needs access to such data. Moreover, ChatGPT may give
including text creation and translation. its customers incorrect answers since it is only as good as the data it
was trained on. Students’ and staff members’ privacy may be in danger
9. Limitations of ChatGPT in education if the data used to train the model is not sufficiently anonymised or
protected. Since ChatGPT communicates with users across a network,
The evident face of ChatGPT, its ability to respond to questions, data from users may be intercepted, accessed, or altered by attackers.
raises some concerns about the legitimacy of lessons and homework ChatGPT might be incorporated into a social engineering attack to
assignments. One of the most common worries in the education sector is access confidential data. The platform may assist attackers in gaining
that students will use ChatGPT to finish their homework and then copy the user’s confidence and gathering data that may be exploited for
and paste the solutions without the teacher having any control. Several harmful purposes, such as creating credentials.
colleges and institutions outlawed the use of this technology for writing ChatGPT is an effective tool that can produce text replies to various
tasks as students began utilising it to compose their homework, essays, queries, including some that can include sensitive or private infor-
and theses. It is harder and less reliable to find if this AI-generated mation. As a result, utilising ChatGPT has several dangers, including
material is the same or different from the plagiarised text. ChatGPT is the chance that it could produce inappropriate or offencive material,
a freakishly powerful instrument that works well across various chores leak private information, or be influenced by nefarious individuals. The
and academic disciplines. AI-generated writing raises ethical issues, and ChatGPT’s response may differ depending on how the input is worded
there are worries regarding the veracity of ChatGPT’s responses. Using or how often the same prompt is issued. The model may only sometimes
ChatGPT and other language models raises crucial ethical issues about know the answer or may only sometimes provide the correct response.
its effects on society. Due to biases in the training data and over-optimisation, the ChatGPT
ChatGPT may sometimes create inaccurate information and provide model may be wordy and misuse specific phrases.
damaging instructions on biased material on its webpage. While cre-
ating text, a chatbot automatically adds words that are most likely to 10. Future scope
come after the previous words; nevertheless, it does not verify the truth
of the information. The possible bias of the data the bot is trained on is In the future, we can use ChatGPT web search to do in-depth market
a crucial ethical problem associated with using ChatGPT. Any biases in research online. It may work along with other technologies to create
the chatbot’s training dataset are reflected in the model’s output, which our website. ChatGPT can construct homework more effectively than
might lead to incorrect or dangerous information. Although the opener a busy instructor who repeats publicly available online assignment
has various safeguards to prevent users from abusing the conversation, templates. The future will be less frightening and more fascinating for
the issue of unfair, sexist, racist, and other objectionable comments still instructors who comprehend AI and use it to their benefit. AI will have
exist. Due to a lack of practical applications and a limited grasp of the potential to significantly reduce the amount of time instructors
10
spend grading assignments, customising lesson plans, and filling out [6] J. Rudolph, S. Tan, S. Tan, ChatGPT: Bullshit spewer or the end of traditional
reports. Instructors who spend time interacting with, encouraging, and assessments in higher education? J. Appl. Learn. Teach. 6 (1) (2023).
[7] T.H. Kung, M. Cheatham, A. Medenilla, C. Sillos, L. De Leon, C. Elepaño .,
helping students will have a more significant impact and maintain their
V. Tseng, Performance of ChatGPT on USMLE: Potential for AI-assisted med-
enthusiasm for the subject. ical education using large language models, PLoS Digit. Health 2 (2) (2023)
Chat GPT, a highly sophisticated Al tool that can provide almost e0000198.
limitless and all-encompassing service and information on any topic [8] X. Zhai, ChatGPT user experience: Implications for education, 2022, Available
following our desires, might be considered the future of Al in the world. at SSRN 4312418.
[9] A. Gilson, C.W. Safranek, T. Huang, V. Socrates, L. Chi, R.A. Taylor, D.
In the future, any student may ask ChatGPT to write an essay on any Chartash, How does CHATGPT perform on the United States medical licensing
subject, and the software will comply. Teachers would find identifying examination? The implications of large language models for medical education
text produced by AI simpler if chatbots were trained to watermark their and knowledge assessment, JMIR Med. Educ. 9 (1) (2023) e45312.
outputs somehow. ChatGPT is suitable for chatbot and conversational [10] G. Eysenbach, The role of ChatGPT, generative language models, and artificial
intelligence in medical education: a conversation with ChatGPT and a call for
AI applications due to its natural language interpretation and creative
papers, JMIR Med. Educ. 9 (1) (2023) e46885.
ability. It might be better to train it on a conversational text dataset so [11] L. Bishop, A computer wrote this paper: What ChatGpt means for education,
it learns how to comprehend and respond to user input like a natural research, and writing, Res. Writ. (2023).
person. [12] J.V. Pavlik, Collaborating with ChatGPT: Considering the implications of genera-
tive artificial intelligence for journalism and media education, J. Mass Commun.
Educ. (2023) 10776958221149577.
11. Conclusion [13] X. Zhai, ChatGPT for next-generation science learning, 2023, Available at SSRN
4331313.
ChatGPT employs deep learning and natural language processing to [14] Y.K. Dwivedi, N. Kshetri, L. Hughes, E.L. Slade, A. Jeyaraj, A.K. Kar ., R. Wright,
So what if chatgpt wrote it? Multidisciplinary perspectives on opportunities,
produce replies to text-based inputs that resemble a person’s. ChatGPT
challenges and implications of generative conversational AI for research, practice
is beneficial in education as it is used for various purposes, including and policy, Int. J. Inf. Manage. 71 (2023) 102642.
language translation, discussion, summarisation, and text production. It [15] M.U. Haque, I. Dharmadasa, Z.T. Sworna, R.N. Rajapakse, H. Ahmad, I think
is a technology becoming increasingly well-liked in various disciplines, this is the most disruptive technology: Exploring sentiments of ChatGPT early
including research and education, through its capacity to learn from adopters using Twitter data, 2022, arXiv preprint arXiv:2212.05856.
[16] M. Halaweh, ChatGPT in education: Strategies for responsible implementation,
vast volumes of data and provide high-quality results. The AI chatbot
Contemp. Educ. Technol. 15 (2) (2023).
will influence tutoring and personalised learning in two critical areas. [17] Y. Bang, S. Cahyawijaya, N. Lee, W. Dai, D. Su, B. Wilie ., P. Fung, A multitask,
Since ChatGPT uses natural language processing to interpret and reply multilingual, multimodal evaluation of ChatGPT on reasoning, hallucination, and
to inquiries in real-time, it may be utilised to provide students with interactivity, 2023, arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.04023.
on-demand, live tutoring. ChatGPT may serve as a virtual teaching [18] S. Mitrović, D. Andreoletti, O. Ayoub, Chatgpt or human? Detect and ex-
plain. Explaining decisions of a machine learning model for detecting short
assistant by giving students immediate feedback. Students may also ChatGPT-generated text, 2023, arXiv preprint arXiv:2301.13852.
use ChatGPT to ask questions to obtain clarification on certain course [19] F.C. Kitamura, ChatGPT is shaping the future of medical writing but still requires
subjects or to have everything explained to them multiple times. Chat- human judgment, Radiology (2023) 230171.
GPT may assist teachers in creating material, including numerous test [20] B.D. Lund, T. Wang, Chatting about ChatGPT: How may AI and GPT Impact
Academia and Libraries? Library Hi Tech News, 2023.
versions, student learning evaluations, syllabi, rubrics, and more. This
[21] A. Haleem, M. Javaid, R.P. Singh, An era of ChatGPT as a significant futuristic
technology can provide a satisfactory answer to a challenge or assign- support tool: A study on features, abilities, and challenges, BenchCouncil Trans.
ment rapidly; it should be revised to enable students to apply their Benchmarks Stand. Eval. (2023) 100089.
knowledge and abilities to accomplish the task effectively. GPT models [22] F.Y. Wang, Q. Miao, X. Li, X. Wang, Y. Lin, What does chatGPT say: the DAO
may produce grammatically and structurally sound natural language from algorithmic intelligence to linguistic intelligence? IEEE/CAA J. Autom. Sin.
10 (3) (2023) 575–579.
text since they are trained on vast volumes of text data. ChatGPT has [23] S. Sok, K. Heng, ChatGPT for education and research: A review of benefits and
been taught to produce more conversational text for chatbot applica- risks, 2023, Available at SSRN 4378735.
tions. It may start conversations, respond to user input, and provide [24] M. Perkins, Academic integrity considerations of AI Large Language Models in
users with information and support in a chatbot environment. ChatGPT the post-pandemic era: ChatGPT and beyond, J. Univ. Teach. Learn. Pract. 20
(2) (2023) 07.
is getting more intelligent and capable of managing complicated jobs
[25] S. Shahriar, K. Hayawi, Let’s have a chat! A conversation with ChatGPT:
as AI advances. Technology, applications, and limitations, 2023, arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.
13817.
Declaration of competing interest [26] A. Lecler, L. Duron, P. Soyer, Revolutionising radiology with GPT-based models:
current applications, future possibilities and limitations of ChatGPT, Diagn.
Interv. Imaging (2023).
The authors declare that they have no known competing finan- [27] G. Cooper, Examining science education in ChatGPT: An exploratory study of
cial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to generative artificial intelligence, J. Sci. Educ. Technol. (2023) 1–9.
influence the work reported in this paper. [28] A. Bozkurt, J. Xiao, S. Lambert, A. Pazurek, H. Crompton, S. Koseoglu ., P.
Jandrić, Speculative futures on ChatGPT and generative artificial intelligence
(AI): A collective reflection from the educational landscape, Asian J. Distance
References Educ. (2023) Early-access.
[29] H. Alkaissi, S.I. McFarlane, Artificial hallucinations in ChatGPT: implications in
[1] A. Tlili, B. Shehata, M.A. Adarkwah, A. Bozkurt, D.T. Hickey, R. Huang, B. scientific writing, Cureus 15 (2) (2023).
Agyemang, What if the devil is my guardian angel: ChatGPT is a case study [30] P.A. Rospigliosi, Artificial intelligence in teaching and learning: What questions
of using chatbots in education, Smart Learn. Environ. 10 (1) (2023) 15. should we ask of ChatGPT? Interact. Learn. Environ. 31 (1) (2023) 1–3.
[2] D. Mhlanga, Open AI in education, the responsible and ethical use of ChatGPT [31] T.J. Chen, ChatGPT and other artificial intelligence applications speed up
towards lifelong learning, in: Education, the Responsible and Ethical Use of scientific writing, J. Chin. Med. Assoc. (2023) 10–1097.
ChatGPT Towards Lifelong Learning, 2023. [32] E.A. van Dis, J. Bollen, W. Zuidema, R. van Rooij, C.L. Bockting, ChatGPT: Five
[3] A.B. Mbakwe, I. Lourentzou, L.A. Celi, O.J. Mechanic, A. Dagan, ChatGPT passing priorities for research, Nature 614 (7947) (2023) 224–226.
USMLE shines a spotlight on the flaws of medical education, PLoS Digit. Health [33] S. Hargreaves, Words are Flowing Out Like Endless Rain Into a Paper Cup’:
2 (2) (2023) e0000205. ChatGPT & Law School Assessments, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
[4] D. Baidoo-Anu, L. Owusu Ansah, Education in the era of generative artificial Faculty of Law Research Paper, (2023-03), 2023.
intelligence (AI): Understanding the potential benefits of ChatGPT in promoting [34] B. Rathore, Future of AI & generation alpha: ChatGPT beyond boundaries,
teaching and learning, 2023, Available at SSRN 4337484. Eduzone: Int. Peer Rev./Refer. Multidiscip. J. 12 (1) (2023) 63–68.
[5] E. Kasneci, K. Seßler, S. Küchemann, M. Bannert, D. Dementieva, F. Fischer . . ., [35] J. Kocoń, I. Cichecki, O. Kaszyca, M. Kochanek, D. Szydło, J. Baran ., P.
G. Kasneci, ChatGPT for good? On opportunities and challenges of large language Kazienko, ChatGPT: Jack of all trades, master of none, 2023, arXiv preprint
models for education, Learn. Individ. Differ. 103 (2023) 102274. arXiv:2302.10724.
11
[36] L. De Angelis, F. Baglivo, G. Arzilli, G.P. Privitera, P. Ferragina, A.E. Tozzi, [63] Y. Tan, D. Min, Y. Li, W. Li, N. Hu, Y. Chen, G. Qi, Evaluation of ChatGPT
C. Rizzo, ChatGPT and the rise of large language models: The new AI-driven as a question answering system for answering complex questions, 2023, arXiv
infodemic threat in public health, 2023, Available at SSRN 4352931. preprint arXiv:2303.07992.
[37] J. Homolak, Opportunities and risks of ChatGPT in medicine, science, and [64] A.M. Hopkins, J.M. Logan, G. Kichenadasse, M.J. Sorich, Artificial intelligence
academic publishing: a modern promethean dilemma, Croatian Med. J. 64 (1) chatbots will revolutionise how cancer patients access information: ChatGPT
(2023) 1–3. represents a paradigm shift, JNCI Cancer Spectr. 7 (2) (2023) pkad010.
[38] S. Badini, S. Regondi, E. Frontoni, R. Pugliese, Assessing the capabilities of [65] B. Rathore, Future of textile: Sustainable manufacturing & prediction via
ChatGPT to improve additive manufacturing troubleshooting, Adv. Ind. Eng. ChatGPT, Eduzone: Int. Peer Rev./Refer. Multidiscip. J. 12 (1) (2023) 52–62.
Polym. Res. (2023). [66] H. Dai, Z. Liu, W. Liao, X. Huang, Z. Wu, L. Zhao ., X. Li, ChatAug: Leveraging
[39] M. Koo, The importance of proper use of ChatGPT in medical writing, Radiology ChatGPT for text data augmentation, 2023, arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.13007.
(2023) 230312. [67] M.A. AlAfnan, S. Dishari, M. Jovic, K. Lomidze, ChatGPT as an educational tool:
[40] C. Zielinski, M. Winker, R. Aggarwal, L. Ferris, M. Heinemann, J.F. Lapeña ., L. Opportunities, challenges, and recommendations for communication, business
Citrome, Chatbots, ChatGPT, and scholarly manuscripts-WAME recommendations writing, and composition courses, J. Artif. Intell. Technol. (2023).
on ChatGPT and chatbots in relation to scholarly publications, Afro-Egypt. J. [68] M. Aljanabi, ChatGPT: Future directions and open possibilities, Mesopotamian J.
Infect. Endemic Dis. 13 (1) (2023) 75–79. CyberSecur. 2023 (2023) 16–17.
[41] B. Williamson, F. Macgilchrist, J. Potter, Re-examining AI, automation and [69] E. Opara, A. Mfon-Ette Theresa, T.C. Aduke, ChatGPT for teaching, learning and
datafication in education, Learn. Media Technol. 48 (1) (2023) 1–5. research: Prospects and challenges. Opara emmanuel chinonso, adalikwu mfon-
[42] W.C.H. Hong, The impact of ChatGPT on foreign language teaching and learning: ette theresa, tolorunleke caroline aduke 2023. ChatGPT for teaching, learning
opportunities in education and research, J. Educ. Technol. Innov. 3 (1) (2023). and research: Prospects and challenges, Glob. Acad. J. Humanit. Soc. Sci. 5
[43] V.L. Bommineni, S. Bhagwagar, D. Balcarcel, C. Davazitkos, D. Boyer, Per- (2023).
formance of ChatGPT on the MCAT: The road to personalised and equitable [70] J.J. Zhu, J. Jiang, M. Yang, Z.J. Ren, ChatGPT and environmental research,
premedical learning, MedRxiv (2023) 2023-2003. Environ. Sci. Technol. (2023).
[44] M. Aljanabi, M. Ghazi, A.H. Ali, S.A. Abed, ChatGpt: Open possibilities, Iraqi J. [71] N.M.S. Surameery, M.Y. Shakor, Use chat GPT to solve programming bugs, Int.
Comput. Sci. Math. 4 (1) (2023) 62–64. J. Inf. Technol. Comput. Eng. (IJITC) (ISSN: 2455-5290) 3 (01) (2023) 17–22.
[45] A. Thurzo, M. Strunga, R. Urban, J. Surovková, K.I. Afrashtehfar, Impact of [72] F.M. Megahed, Y.J. Chen, J.A. Ferris, S. Knoth, L.A. Jones-Farmer, How gener-
artificial intelligence on dental education: A review and guide for curriculum ative AI models such as ChatGPT can be (Mis) used in SPC practice, education,
update, Educ. Sci. 13 (2) (2023) 150. and research? An exploratory study, 2023, arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.10916.
[46] M. Sullivan, A. Kelly, P. McLaughlin, ChatGPT in higher education: Considera-
[73] G.H. Sun, S.H. Hoelscher, The ChatGPT storm and what faculty can do, Nurse
tions for academic integrity and student learning, J. Appl. Learn. Teach. 6 (1)
Educ. (2023) 10–1097.
(2023).
[74] C. Zhou, Q. Li, C. Li, J. Yu, Y. Liu, G. Wang ., L. Sun, A comprehensive survey
[47] T. Teubner, C.M. Flath, C. Weinhardt, W. van der Aalst, O. Hinz, Welcome to
on pre-trained foundation models: A history from bard to chatGPT, 2023, arXiv
the era of ChatGPT others, the prospects of large language models, Bus. Inf. Syst.
preprint arXiv:2302.09419.
Eng. (2023) 1–7.
[75] M. Dowling, B. Lucey, ChatGPT for (finance) research: The bananarama
[48] R. Firaina, D. Sulisworo, Exploring the usage of ChatGPT in higher education:
conjecture, Finance Res. Lett. (2023) 103662.
Frequency and impact on productivity, Bul. Edukasi Indones. 2 (01) (2023)
[76] A.S. George, A.H. George, A review of ChatGPT AI’s impact on several business
67–74.
sectors, Partners Univ. Int. Innov. J. 1 (1) (2023) 9–23.
[49] S. Biswas, ChatGPT and the future of medical writing, Radiology (2023) 223312.
[77] J. Wang, X. Hu, W. Hou, H. Chen, R. Zheng, Y. Wang ., X. Xie, On the
[50] T. Yue, D. Au, C.C. Au, K.Y. Iu, Democratising financial knowledge with ChatGPT
robustness of ChatGPT: An adversarial and out-of-distribution perspective, 2023,
by OpenAI: Unleashing the power of technology, 2023, Available at SSRN
arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.12095.
4346152.
[78] E. Costello, ChatGPT and the educational AI chatter: Full of bullshit or trying to
[51] P. Hacker, A. Engel, M. Mauer, Regulating ChatGPT and other large generative
tell us something? Postdigit. Sci. Educ. (2023) 1–6.
AI models, 2023, arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.02337.
[79] Z. Han, F. Battaglia, A. Udaiyar, A. Fooks, S.R. Terlecky, An explorative
[52] A. Zarifhonarvar, Economics of ChatGPT: A labor market view on the
assessment of ChatGPT as an aid in medical education: Use it with caution,
occupational impact of artificial intelligence, 2023, Available at SSRN 4350925.
MedRxiv (2023) 2023-2002.
[53] L.J. Quintans-Júnior, R.Q. Gurgel, A.A.D.S. Araújo, D. Correia, P.R. Martins-Filho,
[80] R.K. Sinha, A.D. Roy, N. Kumar, H. Mondal, R. Sinha, Applicability of ChatGPT
ChatGPT: the new panacea of the academic world, Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.
in assisting to solve higher order problems in pathology, Cureus 15 (2) (2023).
56 (2023) e0060–2023.
[54] J. White, Q. Fu, S. Hays, M. Sandborn, C. Olea, H. Gilbert ., D.C. Schmidt, A [81] J. Gunawan, Exploring the future of nursing: Insights from the ChatGPT model,
prompt pattern catalogue to enhance prompt engineering with chatbot, 2023, Belitung Nurs. J. 9 (1) (2023) 1–5.
arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.11382. [82] A.H. Kumar, Analysis of ChatGPT tool to assess the potential of its utility for
[55] A. Ahmad, M. Waseem, P. Liang, M. Fehmideh, M.S. Aktar, T. Mikkonen, academic writing in biomedical domain, Biol. Eng. Med. Sci. Rep. 9 (1) (2023)
Towards human-bot collaborative software architecting with ChatGPT, 2023, 24–30.
arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.14600. [83] Y. Li, Y. Duan, The performance of GPT-4 on education domain with DIKWP
[56] J.K.M. Ali, M.A.A. Shamsan, T.A. Hezam, A.A. Mohammed, Impact of ChatGPT analysis, 2023, http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.21098.39365.
on learning motivation: Teachers and students’ voices, J. Engl. Stud. Arabia Felix [84] Y. Li, Y. Duan, The ethical performance of artificial general intelligence models
2 (1) (2023) 41–49. based on DIKWP, 2023, http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.36224.10242.
[57] M. Giunti, F.G. Garavaglia, R. Giuntini, S. Pinna, G. Sergioli, Chatgpt prospective [85] S. Liu, A.P. Wright, B.L. Patterson, J.P. Wanderer, R.W. Turer, S.D. Nelson ., A.
student at medical school, 2023, Available at SSRN 4378743. Wright, Assessing the value of ChatGPT for clinical decision support optimization,
[58] D. Singh, ChatGPT: A new approach to revolutionise organisations, Int. J. New MedRxiv (2023) 2023-2002.
Media Stud. (IJNMS) 10 (1) (2023) 57–63. [86] M. Javaid, A. Haleem, R.P. Singh, ChatGPT for healthcare services: An emerging
[59] P. Fernandez, Through the Looking Glass: Envisioning New Library Technologies stage for an innovative perspective, BenchCouncil Trans. Benchmarks Stand. Eval.
AI-Text Generators as Explained by ChatGPT, Library Hi Tech News, 2023. (2023) 100105.
[60] U. Bukar, M.S. Sayeed, S.F.A. Razak, S. Yogarayan, O.A. Amodu, Text analysis [87] F. Antaki, S. Touma, D. Milad, J. El-Khoury, R. Duval, Evaluating the per-
of chatGPT as a tool for academic progress or exploitation. Available at SSRN formance of chatbot in ophthalmology: An analysis of its successes and
4381394. shortcomings, MedRxiv (2023) 2023-2001.
[61] E. Bonsu, D. Baffour-Koduah, From the consumers’ side: Determining students’ [88] S. Rana, AI and GPT for management scholars and practitioners: Guidelines and
perception and intention to use ChatGPTin ghanaian higher education, 2023, implications, FIIB Bus. Rev. 12 (1) (2023) 7–9.
Available at SSRN 4387107. [89] R.J.M. Ventayen, OpenAI ChatGPT generated results: Similarity index of artificial
[62] T. Sakirin, R.B. Said, User preferences for ChatGPT-powered conversational intelligence-based contents, 2023, Available at SSRN 4332664.
interfaces versus traditional methods, Mesopotamian J. Comput. Sci. 2023 (2023) [90] D. Sobania, M. Briesch, C. Hanna, J. Petke, An analysis of the automatic
24–31. bug-fixing performance of chatbot, 2023, arXiv preprint arXiv:2301.08653.
12

1 s2.0 S2772485923000327 Main

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

1 s2.0 S2772485923000327 Main

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

1 s2.0 S2772485923000327 Main

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

BenchCouncil Transactions on Benchmarks, Standards and Evaluations 3 (2023) 100115

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

BenchCouncil Transactions on Benchmarks,

Full length article

Unlocking the opportunities through ChatGPT Tool towards ameliorating the

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT

1. Introduction ChatGPT is an effective tool for instructors to improve their lessons

Fig. 1. Influential capabilities of ChatGPT for education system.

Fig. 2. Typical elements of ChatGPT framework for education domain.

(continued on next page)

(continued on next page)

(continued on next page)

(continued on next page)

You might also like