16 TENSES

Simple Present Tense

Simple present tense adalah bentuk tense yang paling umum digunakan. Bentuk ini biasanya digunakan
untuk menunjukan fakta, kebiasaan, dan kejadian yang terjadi pada saat ini.

Rumus : Subject + Verb 1 (present form)

Kata Sinyal : always, every, never, normally, often, sometimes, usually, seldom

(+) : He always works very hard in the company.

(-) : He does not work very hard in the company.

(?) : Does he work very hard in the company?

Yes, he does. / No, he does not.

Contoh soal Simple Present Tense: Which one is the correct answer?
Positive : Tifa has a very good record at boxing. a. doesn't has
Negative : Tifa ..... a very good record at boxing. b. hasn't
c. haven't
Interrogative : Do you think he can do it all alone? d. doesn't have
Negative :…

Which one is the correct answer?

a. He don't think you can do it all alone.
b. He doesn't think you can do it all alone.
c. I don't think he can do it all alone.
d. Don't you think he can do it all alone.

Present Continuous Tense

Present continuous tense biasanya digunakan untuk membicarakan aksi yang sedang berlangsung saat
pembicaraan sedang berlangsung atau bisa juga digunakan untuk rencana di masa depan.

Rumus : Subject + am/is/are + Verb -ing (continuous form)

Kata Sinyal : at the moment, just now, now, right now, Listen!, Look!

(+) : Look! He is talking with his classmates.

(-) : He is not playing computer games now.

(?) : Is he playing computer games at the moment?

Yes, he is. / No, he is not. Which one is the correct answer?
a. Is Mom chopping vegetables in the kitchen?
Contoh soal Present Continuous Tense: b. Are Mom chopping vegetables in the kitchen?
Positive : Mom is chopping vegetables in the kitchen. c. Does Mom chopping vegetables in the kitchen?
Interrogative : …. d. Do Mom chopping vegetables in the kitchen?

Negative : I'm not angry with him. Which one is the correct answer?
Interrogative :… a. Do I angry with him?
b. Are you angry with him?
c. Do you angry with him?
d. Have you angry with him?
Present Perfect Tense
Present perfect tense menekankan pada hasil. Tense ini menunjukkan aksi yang masih sedang berlangsung
atau baru saja selesai.

Rumus : Subject + has/have+ Verb III (past participle form)

Kata Sinyal : already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now

(+) : He has already finished his homework.

(-) : He has not been to Australia so far.

(?)) : Has he completed the arrangement for the coming event up to now?
Yes, he has. / No, he has not.

Contoh soal Present Perfect Tense: Which one is the correct answer?
Positive : I have worked on this task for the last 3 hours. a. Have you working on this task for the last 3 hours?
Interrogative : … b. Are you working on this task for the last 3 hours?
c. Have you been worked this task for the last 3 hours?
Negative : She hasn't visited her mother this month. d. Have you worked on this task for the last 3 hours?
Interrogative :…
Which one is the correct answer?
a. Does she have visited her mother this month?
b. Has she visited her mother this month?
c. Have she visited her mother this month?
d. Is she visiting her mother this month?

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Present perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan aksi yang telah selesai pada suatu titik
dimasa lampau atau aksi telah dimulai di masa lalu dan terus berlanjut sampai sekarang. Biasanya aksi
tersebut ada durasi waktu tertentu dan ada relevansinya dengan kondisi sekarang.

Rumus : Subject + HAS/HAVE + BEEN + Verb -ing (continuous form)

Kata Sinyal : for the past 5 years, how long …?, the whole week, since xxxx

(+) : He has been working here since 1996.

(-) : He has not been speaking for the last 3 hours.

(?) : Has he been playing the computer game all day?

Yes, he has. / No, he has not.
Which one is the correct answer?
Contoh soal Present Perfect Continuous Tense: a. I have been doing the same business for 3 years.
Interrogative : Have you been doing the same business for 3 years? b. I had been done the same business for 3 years.
Positive :… c. I am doing the same business for 3 years.
d. I have doing the same business for 3 years.
Negative : She has been asking the same questions since 10 minutes ago.
Interrogative :

Which one is the correct answer?

a. Has she been asking the same questions since 10 minutes ago?
b. Does she have asked the same questions since 10 minutes ago?
c. Does she ask the same questions since 10 minutes ago?
d. Have she asked the same questions since 10 minutes ago?
Simple Past Tense
Simple past tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu kejadian yang terjadi di masa lampau.

Rumus : Subject + Verb II (past form)

Kata Sinyal : yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1996, last Thursday, this morning
Which one is the correct answer?
(+) : Last year, he always worked until night. a. Did he realize that he had to do better?
b. Does he realize that he had to do better?
(-) : He did not go to school this morning. c. Had he realize that he had to do better?
d. Did he realized that he had to do better?
(?) : Did he pay the bill yesterday?
Yes, he did. / No, he did not.

Contoh soal Simple Past Tense:

Positive : He realized that he had to do better. a. Did you know him that well before?
Interrogative : … b. Do you know him that well before?
c. Are you know him that well before?
Negative : I didn't know him that well before. d. Did you knew him that well before?
Interrogative :

Past Continuous Tense

Past continuous tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan bahwa suatu aksi sedang terjadi pada waktu tertentu
di masa lampau. Biasanya ada dua kejadian di masa lampau dan satu kejadian menginterupsi kejadian yang
lain. Kejadian yang sedang diinterupsi tersebut yang menggunakan past continuous tense.

Rumus : Subject + WAS/WERE + Verb -ing (continuous form)

Which one is the correct answer?
Kata Sinyal : when, while, as long as, at this time yesterday a. I wasn't listening to the music when Mom came to my room.
b. I didn't listening to the music when Mom comes to my room.
c. I was listening to the music when Mom was coming to my room.
(+) : He was speaking when I entered in room. d. I was listened to the music when Mom was coming to my room.

(-) : He was not doing his homework at this time yesterday.

(?) : Was he writing the letter to his parents when I was out last Tuesday?
Yes, he was. / No, he was not.

Contoh soal Past Continuous Tense:

Interrogative : Was I listening to the music when Mom came to my room?
Negative :…
a. Were you played football at 5 PM the day before?
b. Were you playing football at 5 PM the day before?
Positive : You were playing football at 5 PM the day before. c. Were you play football at 5 PM the day before?
d. Were you being played football at 5PM the day before?
Interrogative :…

Past Perfect Tense

Past perfect tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan sebuah kejadian yang terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu di
masa lampau dan lebih menekankan pada fakta daripada durasi.

Rumus : Subject + HAD + Verb III (past participle form)

Kata Sinyal : before yesterday, till three days ago, already, until that day

(+) : He had finished his designs before he went to work yesterday.

(-) : He had not been a high school student until last year.

(?) : Had he entered the company before he achieved his master degree in 1990?
Yes, he had. / No, he had not.
Which one is the correct answer?
Contoh soal Past Perfect Tense: a. Had we work together before one of us got married?
Positive : We had worked together before one of us got married. b. Had we worked together before one of us got married
Interrogative : … c. Did we work together before one of us got married?
d. Did we worked together before one of us got
married?

Negative : I hadn't finished the homework when you called me the night before.
Positive :…

Which one is the correct answer?

a. I had finish the homework when you called me the night before.
b. I had finished the homework when you called me the night before.
c. I finished the homework when you had called me the night before.
d. I had been finishing the homework when you called me the night before.

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Past perfect continuous tense hampir serupa dengan past perfect tense. Digunakan untuk mengungkapkan
suatu aksi yang terjadi di masa lalu dan telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu tertentu di masa lalu, tapi tense
ini menekankan pada durasi kejadiannya.

Rumus : Subject + HAD + BEEN + Verb -ing (continuous form)

Kata Sinyal : for, since, the whole day, all day

(+) : He said that he had been working here for ten years.

(-) : He was told that his teacher had been waiting for him since 2 p.m yesterday.

(?) : Had he been speaking for the whole class before I entered?
Yes, he had. / No, he had not.

Contoh soal Past Perfect Continuous Tense:

Positive : My friend said he had been exploring the country in his twenties.
Interrogative : …

Which one is the correct answer?

a. Did your friend explore the country in his twenties?
b. Had he exploring the country in his twenties?
c. Had your friend been exploring the country in his twenties?
d. Did your friend explored the country in his twenties?

Negative : My coworker was told that he hadn't been doing a great job.
Interrogative :…

Which one is the correct answer?

a. Did you been doing a great job?
b. Had he been doing a great job?
c. Did your coworker do a great job?
d. Had your coworker do a great hob?
Simple Future Tense
Simple Future tense mengindikasikan suatu aksi di masa yang akan datang dan tidak dapat dipengaruhi.
Dapat juga digunakan untuk pembuatan keputusan di masa depan yang spontan atau asumsi yang
berhubungan dengan masa yang akan datang. “Will” dan “be going to” merupakan 2 indikator umum pada
tenses ini.

Rumus : Subject + “WILL/ BE GOING TO” + Verb (present form)

Kata Sinyal : in a year, next …, tomorrow, next week, five days later

(+) : He is going to be journalist after he graduate next year.

(-) : He will not play computer games anymore because he understand how harmful they are.

(?) :Will he go to the cinema tomorrow with us?

Yes, he will. / No, he will not.

Future Continuous Tense

Future continuous tense menunjukkan aksi yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang dan
aksi yang pasti akan terjadi dalam waktu dekat.

Rumus : Subject + “WILL/BE GOING TO” + “BE” + Verb (continuous form)

Kata Sinyal : tomorrow morning, in one year

(+) : He will be delivering the speech to undergraduates at 3 p.m tomorrow afternoon.

(-) : He will not be doing the task in the office this afternoon because he is sick.

(?) : Will he be playing football next morning in the playground?

Yes, he will./ No, he will not.

Future Perfect Tense

Future perfect tense menekankan pada aksi yang sudah berakhir pada waktu tertentu di masa yang akan
datang.

Rumus : Subject + “WILL HAVE” + Verb III (past participle form)

Kata Sinyal : by next Monday, in a week

(+) : He will have finished the task by next Monday.

(-) : He will not have finished the given task by tomorrow evening.

(?) : Will he have finished the task in a week?

Yes, he will./ No, he will not.

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Hampir sama dengan semua jenis perfect continuous tense, future perfect continuous tense merupakan
serangkaian aksi yang terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang.

Rumus : Subject + “WILL HAVE BEEN” + Verb-ing (continuous form)

Kata Sinyal : for the last couple of hours, all day long
(+) : He will have been taking charge of the team for the next hour.

(-) : He will not have been doing the task for the last couple of hours.

(?) : Will he have been doing the research all day long?
Yes, he will./ No, he will not.

Past Future Tense

Past future tense pada dasarnya digunakan dalam kalimat yang tidak langsung, dimana terdapat perubahan
bentuk untuk menyesuaikan dengan rangkaian peristiwa yang ada.

Rumus : Subject + WOULD + Verb (present form)

Subject + WAS/WERE + GOING TO + Verb (Present Form)

Kata Sinyal :

(+) : He said that he would leave in three days.

(-) : He did not promise that he would buy you a new computer.

(?) : Did you tell him when I would arrive?

Yes, I did. / No, I did not.

Past Future Continuous Tense

Past future continuous tense menekankan pada serangkaian atau durasi sebuah aksi terjadi. Sebagai
tambahan, ini juga biasanya digunakan pada kalimat tidak langsung.

Rumus : Subject + “SHOULD/WOULD BE” + Verb-ing (continuous form)

Kata Sinyal :

(+) : I made a promise that I would be doing my homework all day long tomorrow.

(-) : I did not tell anyone that I would be giving a speech to undergraduates for the next whole
morning.

(?) : Did you say that you would be working hard in the next week?
Yes, I did / No, I did not.

Past Future Perfect Tense

Terdapat 3 waktu dalam past future perfect yang terjadi di masa lalu. Menunjuk pada waktu yang akan
datang, waktu tertentu di masa lalu, tetapi aksi yang terjadi harus sudah selesai sebelum waktu yang akan
datang. Dan biasanya digunakan pada kalimat tidak langsung.

Rumus : Subject + SHOULD/WOULD HAVE + Verb III (past participle form)

Kata Sinyal :

(+) : He told the students that they should have finished the homework this morning.

(-) : He said that he would not have made such a mistake if he had taken my advice.

(?) : Did you say that you would have been a doctor in three years?
Yes, I did / No, I did not.
Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Past future perfect continuous tense merupakan bentuk tense yang cukup sulit. Namun, kamu dapat
mempelajarinya dari past future perfect tense. Bedanya, past future perfect tense menekankan pada durasi
waktu yang sudah berlalu dan hasil.

Rumus : Subject + WOULD HAVE BEEN + Verb -ing (continuous form)

Kata Sinyal :

(+) : I heard that you should have been teaching here for ten years by this July.

(-) : I did not know that he would have been working for the past three hours by that time.

(?) : Would he have been explaining to the workers if he had made the information clear?
Yes, he would / No, he would not.