Lesson 1.0 - Legal Basis

GENDER AND
SOCIETY
PREPARED BY:
LOIS VANJIE G. NAPALIT
OUTLINE:
01 02 03
What is Gender and Why is there a need What are the Legal
Society? to discuss Gender- Basis for the study
related concerns? of Gender and
Society?
WHAT IS GENDER AND SOCIETY?
 Gender and Society is an academic subject that explores

the relationship between gender and social structures,
institutions, and practices.
 This subject analyzes how gender intersects with other

social categories such as race, class, sexuality, and
nationality, and how these intersections shape
individuals’ experiences and opportunities.
Gender
Gender
Roles and
Inequality
SOME KEY AREAS OF Socialization
INQUIRY WITHIN
GENDER AND SOCIETY: Gender
Feminist
Movements and
and Activism Sexuality
WHY IS THERE
A NEED TO DISCUSS
GENDER-RELATED
CONCERNS?
INCLUDING GENDER AND SOCIETY SUBJECTS IN COLLEGE CURRICULA SERVERS SEVERAL IMPORTANT PURPOSES:
Addressing Gender-Based
Violence and
Discrimination: Gender- Awareness and Empowerment and
based violence and
discrimination are Understanding: Advocacy:
significant issues in
Philippine society.
Students can learn about the causes Provide students with knowledge Empower students to become
and consequences of gender-based and understanding of gender-related advocates for gender equality
violence, strategies for prevention issues, including gender roles, gender and women's rights.
and response, and the importance of inequality, gender-based violence,
promoting a culture of consent and and women's rights.
respect.
INCLUDING GENDER AND SOCIETY SUBJECTS IN COLLEGE CURRICULA SERVERS SEVERAL IMPORTANT PURPOSES:
Critical Thinking and Analysis: Professional Development:
Encourage critical thinking and Gender and society subjects are

analysis of social structures, particularly relevant for students
institutions, and cultural practices pursuing careers in fields such as
from a gender perspective. social work, psychology, education,
law, and public policy
WHAT ARE THE LEGAL BASIS FOR THE STUDY OF GENDER AND SOCIETY?
1. THE PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION AND GENDER EQUALITY:
 The 1987 Philippine Constitution serves as the supreme law of the

land.
 Article II, Section 14 : "The State recognizes the role of women in

nation-building and shall ensure the fundamental equality before
the law of women and men.“
 This constitutional provision emphasizes the importance of

eliminating gender discrimination and establishing equal rights
for both genders.
 Women have the right to equal protection of the law.
 For example, if a woman is denied a job opportunity solely

because of her gender, it would be a violation of her constitutional
rights to equal protection.
2. CHED'S GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) POLICY:
 The Commission on Higher Education (CHED) is a government

agency responsible for overseeing higher education institutions in
the Philippines.
 CHED's Gender and Development (GAD) Policy is a framework that

seeks to integrate gender equality and women's empowerment in
the higher education sector.
 CHED's GAD Policy requires higher education institutions to

integrate gender perspectives into their curricula.
 For example, a college may introduce a Gender and Society subject

that covers topics such as gender roles, gender identity and
expression, women's rights, and gender-based violence.
3. REPUBLIC ACT 7192, ALSO KNOWN AS THE "WOMEN IN
DEVELOPMENT AND NATION BUILDING ACT,"
 Philippine law enacted in 1992.

 Is a law in the Philippines that aims to promote gender
equality and women’s participation in national development
and nation-building efforts.
 Focuses specifically on promoting the integration of women
in development efforts and nation building.
 It calls for the elimination of gender biases and stereotypes
in educational materials and the inclusion of women's
contributions to society and history.
 EXAMPLE: Economic empowerment: For instance, the
government can provide financial assistance or training
programs to support women in starting their businesses or
improving their existing enterprises.
❑ Philippine Constitution: Article II, Section 14 : "The State recognizes
the role of women in nation-building and shall ensure the
fundamental equality before the law of women and men.“
DIFFERENCE ❑ RA 7192: A law that specifically focuses on promoting the integration
BETWEEN THE of women in development efforts and nation building.
PHILIPPINE
CONSTITUTION’S ❑ SCOPE: Article 2 section 14, is a constitutional provision that applies
PROVISIONS ON to the entire nation and sets a principle of recognizing the role of
GENDER women in nation building. On the other hand, RA 7192 is a specific
law that provides more detailed measures and guidelines for
EQUALITY promoting gender equality and women’s participation in
AND REPUBLIC development or nation building.
ACT 7192?
❖ Philippine constitution = General
❖ RA 7192= DETAILED
4. REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9710 OR THE MAGNA CARTA OF WOMEN:
 This law, enacted in 2009, is a comprehensive legislation that aims to
eliminate discrimination against women and promote their welfare and
development.
 It does not only focus on nation-building unlike RA 7192, but it’s a

comprehensive framework that covers gender equality and eliminating
discrimination against women in ALL ASPECTS OF THE SOCEITY.
 Comprehensive measures to prevent, investigate, and address violence

against women, including domestic violence, sexual harassment, and
trafficking.
 For example, the law mandates the establishment of Women's Desks in

police stations to handle cases of violence against women and provide
support services to survivors.
5. CEDAW
 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination
Against Women
 Is an international treaty adopted by the United Nations
General Assembly in 1979
 It is often considered the international bill of rights for
women as it sets out legally binding obligations for member
states to eliminate discrimination against women and
promote gender equality.
 The Philippines is a signatory to CEDAW and ratified it in

1981. As a ratified treaty, CEDAW carries legal obligations for
the Philippine government to align its laws, policies, and
practices with the principles and provisions of the
convention.
6. THE BEIJING PLATFORM FOR ACTION
 Internationally recognized document that emerged from the Fourth World

Conference on Women held in Beijing, China, in 1995.
 It provides a roadmap for achieving gender equality and women's

empowerment in 12 critical areas of concern, including education, health,
violence against women, economic empowerment, and political
participation.
 In the context of the Philippines, the Beijing Platform for Action has
influenced the implementation of gender and society subjects in several
ways:
1. Curriculum Development
2.Teacher Training and Professional Development
 Countries that have ratified(signed) CEDAW are legally
WHAT’S THE KEY bound to align their laws and policies with the treaty’s
DIFFERENCE provisions.
BETWEEN CEDAW  While Beijing Platform for action is a non-binding
document, meaning, its implementation relies on the
AND BEIJING VOLUNTATRY commitment of governments or other
PLATFORM FOR stakeholders.
ACTION?
SUMMARY:
International Laws/framework:
1. CEDAW:
 Definition: An international treaty that aims to eliminate discrimination against women and promote gender
equality.
 Key Word: Women's Rights Worldwide
 Countries that have ratified(signed) CEDAW are legally bound to align their laws and policies with the treaty’s
provisions.
2. BEIJING PLATFORM FOR ACTION:

 Definition: An international framework/global policy document that emphasizes gender equality, women's
empowerment, and the integration of gender perspectives in education.
 Key Word: Global Gender Empowerment Guide/ non-binding document with 12 critical areas of concern.
 Implementation is VOLUNTARY.
SUMMARY:
Local Laws:
▪ 3. 1987 Constitution:
Definition: The country's fundamental law that promotes gender equality and prohibits discrimination
based on gender.
Key Word: Constitution for Gender Equality
 4. CHED Memorandum:
Definition: Guidelines issued by the Commission on Higher Education to promote gender-responsive
curricula in higher education institutions.
Key Word: Gender Curriculum Guidelines
SUMMARY:
Local Laws:
▪ 5. RA 7192 (Women in Development and Nation-Building Act):
Definition: An act that recognizes the role of women in nation- development.
Key Word: Women's Empowerment Act (Emphasizes the integration of women in nation-building activities)
 6. RA 9710 (Magna Carta of Women):

Definition: The Magna Carta of Women promotes women's rights and gender equality in various sectors.
Key Word: Magna Carta for Women's Equality (provides a more comprehensive framework for promoting gender
equality and eliminating discrimination against women in all aspects of the society)
CONCLUSION:
 The implementation of a Gender and Society subject in college

institutions in the Philippines is rooted in constitutional
provisions, gender equality laws, and CHED's policies.
 It aims to promote gender equality, raise awareness about

gender issues, address gender-based violence and
discrimination, and foster a more inclusive society.
 By understanding the distinctions between these laws, it

becomes clear that they collectively support the promotion of
gender equality and women's rights in the Philippines.

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GENDER AND

 Gender and Society is an academic subject that explores

 This subject analyzes how gender intersects with other

Critical Thinking and Analysis: Professional Development:

Encourage critical thinking and Gender and society subjects are

 The 1987 Philippine Constitution serves as the supreme law of the

 Article II, Section 14 : "The State recognizes the role of women in

 This constitutional provision emphasizes the importance of

 Women have the right to equal protection of the law.

 For example, if a woman is denied a job opportunity solely

 The Commission on Higher Education (CHED) is a government

 CHED's Gender and Development (GAD) Policy is a framework that

 CHED's GAD Policy requires higher education institutions to

 For example, a college may introduce a Gender and Society subject

 Philippine law enacted in 1992.

 It does not only focus on nation-building unlike RA 7192, but it’s a

 Comprehensive measures to prevent, investigate, and address violence

 For example, the law mandates the establishment of Women's Desks in

 The Philippines is a signatory to CEDAW and ratified it in

 Internationally recognized document that emerged from the Fourth World

 It provides a roadmap for achieving gender equality and women's

2. BEIJING PLATFORM FOR ACTION:

 6. RA 9710 (Magna Carta of Women):

 The implementation of a Gender and Society subject in college

 It aims to promote gender equality, raise awareness about

 By understanding the distinctions between these laws, it

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